Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #2 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #3 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  To prevent complications and transmission of STIs, presumptive therapy for all sexually active men is indicated at the time of the visit before all laboratory test results are available. […] Treatment goals for acute epididymitis are 1) microbiologic infection cure, 2) improvement of signs and symptoms, 3) prevention of transmission of chlamydia and gonorrhea to others, and 4) decreased potential for chlamydial or gonococcal epididymitis complications (e.g., infertility or chronic pain). […] Although the majority of men with acute epididymitis can be treated on an outpatient basis, referral to a specialist and hospitalization should be considered when severe pain or fever indicates other diagnoses (e.g., torsion, testicular infarction, abscess, or necrotizing fasciitis) or when men are unable to comply with an antimicrobial regimen.

• #4 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  To prevent complications and transmission of STIs, presumptive therapy for all sexually active men is indicated at the time of the visit before all laboratory test results are available. […] Treatment goals for acute epididymitis are 1) microbiologic infection cure, 2) improvement of signs and symptoms, 3) prevention of transmission of chlamydia and gonorrhea to others, and 4) decreased potential for chlamydial or gonococcal epididymitis complications (e.g., infertility or chronic pain). […] Although the majority of men with acute epididymitis can be treated on an outpatient basis, referral to a specialist and hospitalization should be considered when severe pain or fever indicates other diagnoses (e.g., torsion, testicular infarction, abscess, or necrotizing fasciitis) or when men are unable to comply with an antimicrobial regimen.

• #5 Epididymitis: An Overview – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929243/

  Inflammation of the epididymis, or epididymitis, is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. […] Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common pathogens in sexually active males 14 to 35 years of age, and a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral doxycycline is the treatment of choice in this age group. […] In men who practice insertive anal intercourse, an enteric organism is also likely, and ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral levofloxacin or ofloxacin is the recommended treatment regimen. […] In men older than 35 years, epididymitis is usually caused by enteric bacteria transported by reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts secondary to bladder outlet obstruction; levofloxacin or ofloxacin alone is sufficient to treat these infections. […] Because untreated acute epididymitis can lead to infertility and chronic scrotal pain, recognition and therapy are vital to reduce patient morbidity.

• #6 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  Inflammation of the epididymis, or epididymitis, is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. […] Epididymitis presents as the gradual onset of posterior scrotal pain that may be accompanied by urinary symptoms such as dysuria and urinary frequency. […] In men who practice insertive anal intercourse, an enteric organism is also likely, and ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral levofloxacin or ofloxacin is the recommended treatment regimen. […] In patients 14 years and older, empiric antibiotics are recommended based on the most likely causative organism. Goals of treatment include curing microbiologic infection; preventing the spread of N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis infection to sex partners; and preventing complications from untreated epididymitis, including infertility and chronic pain.

• #7 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Recommended Regimens for Epididymitis […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea: Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Doxycycline 100 mg orally 2 times/day for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia, gonorrhea, or enteric organisms (men who practice insertive anal sex): Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by enteric organisms only: Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days. […] Treatment should be guided by bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities. […] As an adjunct to therapy, bed rest, scrotal elevation, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended until fever and local inflammation have subsided.

• #8 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. Azithromycin (Zithromax), a single 1-g dose orally, may be substituted for doxycycline if treatment compliance is questionable. If enteric organisms, such as coliform bacteria, are likely (patients younger than 14 years or older than 35 years) or the patient is allergic to cephalosporins or tetracyclines, treatment should include ofloxacin (Floxin; brand no longer available in the United States), 300 mg orally twice daily for 10 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin), 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days. Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent.

• #9 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Recommended Regimens for Epididymitis […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea: Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Doxycycline 100 mg orally 2 times/day for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia, gonorrhea, or enteric organisms (men who practice insertive anal sex): Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by enteric organisms only: Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days. […] Treatment should be guided by bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities. […] As an adjunct to therapy, bed rest, scrotal elevation, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended until fever and local inflammation have subsided.

• #10 Epididymitis: An Overview – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929243/

  Inflammation of the epididymis, or epididymitis, is commonly seen in the outpatient setting. […] Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common pathogens in sexually active males 14 to 35 years of age, and a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral doxycycline is the treatment of choice in this age group. […] In men who practice insertive anal intercourse, an enteric organism is also likely, and ceftriaxone with 10 days of oral levofloxacin or ofloxacin is the recommended treatment regimen. […] In men older than 35 years, epididymitis is usually caused by enteric bacteria transported by reflux of urine into the ejaculatory ducts secondary to bladder outlet obstruction; levofloxacin or ofloxacin alone is sufficient to treat these infections. […] Because untreated acute epididymitis can lead to infertility and chronic scrotal pain, recognition and therapy are vital to reduce patient morbidity.

• #11 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Recommended Regimens for Epididymitis […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea: Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Doxycycline 100 mg orally 2 times/day for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by chlamydia, gonorrhea, or enteric organisms (men who practice insertive anal sex): Ceftriaxone 500 mg* IM in a single dose […] PLUS […] Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days […] For acute epididymitis most likely caused by enteric organisms only: Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days. […] Treatment should be guided by bacterial cultures and antimicrobial susceptibilities. […] As an adjunct to therapy, bed rest, scrotal elevation, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended until fever and local inflammation have subsided.

• #12 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen. […] In patients older than 35 years, sexually transmitted infections are less likely, and monotherapy with levofloxacin or ofloxacin is sufficient to treat the likely enteric organisms. […] Supportive therapy with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and scrotal elevation is recommended for acute epididymitis. […] Initial treatment of idiopathic chronic epididymitis includes a two-week course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with scrotal icing and elevation. […] If symptoms do not improve, adding a tricyclic antidepressant or neuroleptic such as gabapentin (Neurontin) may be helpful. […] Acute epididymitis can usually be treated in the outpatient setting with follow-up within one week to evaluate for clinical response to treatment.

• #13 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #14 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #15 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  Empiric treatment of epididymitis should be initiated based on likely pathogens, before laboratory testing is complete. Treatment focuses on curing infection, improving symptoms, preventing transmission, and reducing future complications. If gonococcal or chlamydial infection is likely (patients 14 to 35 years of age), treatment should consist of ceftriaxone (Rocephin), a single 250-mg dose intramuscularly, and doxycycline (Vibramycin), 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. Azithromycin (Zithromax), a single 1-g dose orally, may be substituted for doxycycline if treatment compliance is questionable. If enteric organisms, such as coliform bacteria, are likely (patients younger than 14 years or older than 35 years) or the patient is allergic to cephalosporins or tetracyclines, treatment should include ofloxacin (Floxin; brand no longer available in the United States), 300 mg orally twice daily for 10 days, or levofloxacin (Levaquin), 500 mg orally once daily for 10 days. Patients who are immunocompromised (e.g., those with HIV) should receive the same treatment as those who are immunocompetent.

• #16 Epididymo-orchitis treatment guidelines – Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC)

  https://www.mshc.org.au/health-professionals/treatment-guidelines/epididymo-orchitis-treatment-guidelines

  Antibiotic treatment depends on the presumed source of infection and should aim to cover the most likely bacterial pathogens. […] Patients with acute epididymo-orchitis on appropriate treatment should generally improve within 48 – 72 hours. […] If there is no improvement the diagnosis should be re-evaluated or referral considered. […] Epididymo-orchitis likely caused by sexually acquired pathogen: Doxycycline 100 mg PO, twice daily for 14 days. […] If suspect gonorrhoea, add Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM, stat. […] Alternative to Doxycycline: Azithromycin 1 g PO, stat, repeated in 1 week. […] Epididymo-orchitis likely caused by urinary tract pathogen: Cephalexin 500mg PO, four times a day for 14 days. […] OR Amoxycillin + clavulanate 875+125mg PO, twice daily for 14 days. […] Alternative antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO, twice daily for 14 days. […] OR Norfloxacin 400mg PO, twice daily for 14 days.

• #17 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen. […] In patients older than 35 years, sexually transmitted infections are less likely, and monotherapy with levofloxacin or ofloxacin is sufficient to treat the likely enteric organisms. […] Supportive therapy with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and scrotal elevation is recommended for acute epididymitis. […] Initial treatment of idiopathic chronic epididymitis includes a two-week course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with scrotal icing and elevation. […] If symptoms do not improve, adding a tricyclic antidepressant or neuroleptic such as gabapentin (Neurontin) may be helpful. […] Acute epididymitis can usually be treated in the outpatient setting with follow-up within one week to evaluate for clinical response to treatment.

• #18 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #19 STI-associated syndromes guide: Epididymitis – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/sti-associated-syndromes/epididymitis.html

  This guide provides an overview of the management and empiric treatment of sexually transmitted infection (STI) – associated epididymitis, which is an inflammation of the epididymis and vas deferens. […] The decision to treat empirically or to wait for test results should reflect the: […] Empiric treatment for acute epididymitis when an STI is suspected (CT, GC or both) […] Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose plus Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 10 to 14 days. […] Consider urgent consultation with an experienced colleague and hospitalization when severe pain or high fever suggests another diagnosis or complicated infection (testicular torsion, testicular infarction, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis). […] Evaluate response to treatment 48 hours after initiation. If there is no clinical improvement, reassess the diagnosis and treatment. […] When treatment is indicated for an STI: notify, evaluate, test and treat (as appropriate) sexual partners.

• #20 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  In chronic epididymitis, a 4- to 6-week trial of antibiotics for bacterial pathogens, especially against chlamydial infections, is appropriate. […] With epididymitis secondary to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treatment of all sexual partners is necessary in order to limit the rate of recurrence and to achieve maximal cure rates. […] If an enteric organism alone is the suspected cause of epididymo-orchitis, and gonorrhea has been ruled out, levofloxacin monotherapy should be considered. […] Given the low incidence of urinary tract infections in boys with epididymitis, antibiotic therapy in prepubertal patients can be reserved for young infants and those with pyuria or positive urine culture findings. […] Obtain immediate consultation with a urologist upon suspicion of testicular torsion, scrotal abscess, or failed medical treatment.

• #21 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #22 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  Epididymitis treatment depends on the cause. […] If bacteria cause epididymitis, treatment involves antibiotics. The most common medications include: Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. […] Most people need to take antibiotics for about one to two weeks. In rare cases, you may need a prolonged course of antibiotics. […] If tuberculosis causes epididymitis, a healthcare provider may prescribe: Isoniazid-pyrazinamide-rifampin, Ethambutol, Rifapentine. […] Most people need to take antituberculosis medications for six to nine months. […] Epididymitis treatment varies for non-infection causes. A healthcare provider will talk to you about how to stay comfortable. […] It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider as soon as you notice symptoms to get proper treatment and avoid further complications.

• #23 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #24 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can’t self-treat most cases of epididymitis. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider for an official diagnosis and treatment. […] In most cases of bacterial infection, you should start to feel better a few days after starting antibiotics. However, swelling can take several weeks to improve. […] It’s important to finish your full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. If you don’t, epididymitis may return and be harder to treat.

• #25 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can’t self-treat most cases of epididymitis. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider for an official diagnosis and treatment. […] In most cases of bacterial infection, you should start to feel better a few days after starting antibiotics. However, swelling can take several weeks to improve. […] It’s important to finish your full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. If you don’t, epididymitis may return and be harder to treat.

• #26 A Really Big Pain: Acute Epididymitis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/really-big-pain-acute-epididymitis

  Patients whose condition fails to improve after 3 days of antibiotic therapy should be reevaluated for other possible diagnoses. […] Sex partners who had contact with the patient with epididymitis within the preceding 60 days should be referred for evaluation and treatment; patients and partners should avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completed and they are asymptomatic. […] Safer sex counseling should be done in an effort to decrease the possibility of transmission and acquisition of STDs in the future. […] Attention should also be paid to substance abuse issues, especially crystal methamphetamine use, which is associated with increased unsafe sexual activity.

• #27 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Men who have acute epididymitis confirmed or suspected to be caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be advised to abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their partners have been treated and symptoms have resolved. […] Men should be instructed to return to their health care providers if their symptoms do not improve 72 hours after treatment. […] Signs and symptoms of epididymitis that do not subside in 3 days require reevaluation of the diagnosis and therapy.

• #28 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #29 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen. […] In patients older than 35 years, sexually transmitted infections are less likely, and monotherapy with levofloxacin or ofloxacin is sufficient to treat the likely enteric organisms. […] Supportive therapy with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and scrotal elevation is recommended for acute epididymitis. […] Initial treatment of idiopathic chronic epididymitis includes a two-week course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with scrotal icing and elevation. […] If symptoms do not improve, adding a tricyclic antidepressant or neuroleptic such as gabapentin (Neurontin) may be helpful. […] Acute epididymitis can usually be treated in the outpatient setting with follow-up within one week to evaluate for clinical response to treatment.

• #30

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/epididymitis

  Treatment typically involves antibiotics and pain medication to alleviate discomfort associated with inflammation and symptoms of epididymitis. […] Treatment for epididymitis often includes the use of antibiotics. If your epididymitis is caused by an STI, your sexual partners should also be treated. […] Your provider may also prescribe pain medications or recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. […] Other measures you can take for epididymitis self-care include: Lying down and keeping the scrotum elevated, placing ice packs on the painful area, wearing supportive underwear.

• #31

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/e/article/epididymitis/

  Many sexual health clinics also offer a walk-in service, where you do not need an appointment. […] Take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to help with the pain if you have a history of fits, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen should not be taken with some antibiotics used to treat epididymitis; speak to a pharmacist about the best painkiller to use if you’re unsure. […] Hold a cold pack (or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel) on your groin. […] Wear underwear that supports your scrotum. […] Do not have sex if you have gonorrhoea or chlamydia until you have finished the full course of treatment.

• #32

  https://111.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/e/article/epididymitis/

  Many sexual health clinics also offer a walk-in service, where you do not need an appointment. […] Take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to help with the pain if you have a history of fits, NSAIDs such as ibuprofen should not be taken with some antibiotics used to treat epididymitis; speak to a pharmacist about the best painkiller to use if you’re unsure. […] Hold a cold pack (or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel) on your groin. […] Wear underwear that supports your scrotum. […] Do not have sex if you have gonorrhoea or chlamydia until you have finished the full course of treatment.

• #33 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Rare case reports describe the need for orchiectomy in patients with testicular infarction that followed bacterial epididymo-orchitis complicated by abscess formation, in some cases despite extended, appropriate antibiotic therapy. […] Otherwise, orchiectomy is indicated only for patients with unrelenting epididymal pain, although up to 50% of patients still report phantom postoperative pain. […] Conduct an epididymotomy infrequently in patients with acute suppurative epididymitis. […] In addition to antibiotics (except in viral epididymitis), the mainstays of supportive therapy for acute epididymitis and orchitis are as follows: Reduction in physical activity, Scrotal support and elevation, Ice packs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Analgesics, including nerve blocks, Avoidance of urethral instrumentation, Sitz baths.

• #34 Epididymitis Treatment in Dubai | Best Urology Doctors

  https://emirateshospitals.ae/services/urology/mens-health-andrology-clinic/epididymitis/

  Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain relief. […] Rest and Elevation: Patients are often advised to rest and elevate the scrotum using a folded towel to reduce swelling. Wearing supportive underwear can also help alleviate discomfort. […] Cold Compresses: Applying cold packs to the scrotum can provide temporary relief from swelling and pain. Make sure to wrap the ice pack in a cloth to avoid direct contact with the skin. […] Lifestyle Modifications: Patients with epididymitis may need to temporarily avoid physical activities that put pressure on the scrotum, such as heavy lifting or sports. Safe sexual practices, such as using condoms, are also recommended to prevent the spread of STIs. […] Surgical Intervention: In rare cases where epididymitis does not respond to antibiotics or leads to complications like abscess formation, surgery may be required to drain the infection or remove the affected epididymis.

• #35 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  https://healthlibrary.wjmc.org/library/diseasesconditions/Adult/Liver/3,82962

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. In many cases, epididymitis and orchitis occur along with urinary tract infections. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. When you are able, lie down with a towel folded under the scrotum to raise it slightly. This can help ease mild pain.

• #36 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  https://healthlibrary.wjmc.org/library/diseasesconditions/Adult/Liver/3,82962

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. In many cases, epididymitis and orchitis occur along with urinary tract infections. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. When you are able, lie down with a towel folded under the scrotum to raise it slightly. This can help ease mild pain.

• #37 Epididymitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/epididymitis

  Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. […] To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area (but do not apply ice directly to the area). Wear underwear with more support or an athletic supporter. […] You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely.

• #38 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  https://healthlibrary.wjmc.org/library/diseasesconditions/Adult/Liver/3,82962

  If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal. […] If you are sexually active, your sex partner needs to see a healthcare provider as well. This is because sex can sometimes spread the infection that causes this condition.

• #39 Epididymitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/epididymitis

  Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. […] To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area (but do not apply ice directly to the area). Wear underwear with more support or an athletic supporter. […] You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely.

• #40 Epididymitis Causes and Symptoms and How It Is Treated

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/faq-about-epididymitis-2328529

  During the first 48 to 72 hours, there are steps you can take to minimize pain until the infection is brought under control: Wear a jock strap (athletic supporter) to keep the testicles in a stable position. Rest with your feet elevated to take pressure off the scrotum. Apply a cloth-covered ice pack to your scrotum for 10 to 15 minutes several times a day. Sit in a warm tub for 20 minutes a day to help ease inflammation. Take an over-the-counter painkiller like Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen). Avoid tight pants or underwear. Avoid heavy lifting or excessive walking. […] Surgery is rarely used for epididymis but may be needed to treat complications like testicular abscesses, hydroceles, epididymal cysts, testicular torsion, and tissue necrosis (death) due to Fournier’s gangrene.

• #41 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  https://healthlibrary.wjmc.org/library/diseasesconditions/Adult/Liver/3,82962

  If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal. […] If you are sexually active, your sex partner needs to see a healthcare provider as well. This is because sex can sometimes spread the infection that causes this condition.

• #42

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/epididymitis

  Treatment typically involves antibiotics and pain medication to alleviate discomfort associated with inflammation and symptoms of epididymitis. […] Treatment for epididymitis often includes the use of antibiotics. If your epididymitis is caused by an STI, your sexual partners should also be treated. […] Your provider may also prescribe pain medications or recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. […] Other measures you can take for epididymitis self-care include: Lying down and keeping the scrotum elevated, placing ice packs on the painful area, wearing supportive underwear.

• #43 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis

  https://healthlibrary.wjmc.org/library/diseasesconditions/Adult/Liver/3,82962

  If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal. […] If you are sexually active, your sex partner needs to see a healthcare provider as well. This is because sex can sometimes spread the infection that causes this condition.

• #44 Epididymitis | The Urology Group of Virginia

  https://www.urologygroupvirginia.com/urologic-care/testicular-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  Epididymitis is typically treated with hot Sitz baths, scrotal support, anti-inflammatory medication and occasionally antibiotics. Sitting in a warm tub for 20 minutes a day helps lessen inflammation. Scrotal support, with an athletic supporter or tight jockey style underwear, lessens the tension of the spermatic cord. Anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen (Advil or Nuprin) at doses of 400-600 mg, 3 times a day can provide pain relief and reduce swelling. Antibiotics are to be used if directed by your doctor. […] Occasionally, epididymitis becomes chronic in nature. Treatment of this condition is more difficult. Sometimes a block of the spermatic cord is carried out by injecting a mixture of Novocain and cortisone into the groin area. Rarely, surgical removal of the epididymis may be necessary (a procedure called epididymectomy). […] In most cases, epididymitis can be treated very effectively, and most men can be relieved of their symptoms.

• #45 Epididymitis: Symptoms, causes & treatment | Healthy Male

  https://healthymale.org.au/mens-health/epididymitis

  Drinking lots of water can help to flush out some of the bacteria in your urinary system and help relieve epididymitis. […] Epididymitis is usually treated with antibiotics. Your doctor might start you on them straight away, but you might need to change the type of antibiotic depending on your test results. […] Antibiotic treatment of epididymitis usually cures the problem, but it can come back if you dont take your full course of antibiotics or follow other recommendations from your doctor.

• #46 Epididymitis : Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.artfertilityclinics.com/in/en/art-blog/epididymitis-causes-symptoms-treatment

  Rest and Elevation: Resting and elevating the scrotum can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Avoiding strenuous activities and wearing supportive underwear can also aid in symptom management. […] Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids can help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract and promote healing. Its essential to stay hydrated, especially when taking antibiotics. […] Sexual Abstinence: Individuals with epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted infections should abstain from sexual activity until completely recovered to prevent spreading it to partners. […] Surgical Intervention: In rare cases where epididymitis leads to abscess formation or chronic pain that does not respond to conservative treatment, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the affected tissue.

• #47 Treatment of Epididymitis and Orchitis | SpringerLink

  https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-92366-6_18

  Epididymitis consists of an acute or chronic inflammation affecting the epididymis. […] Empirical antimicrobial treatment of acute epididymo-orchitis consists of antibiotics effective against C. trachomatis and Enterobacteriaceae such as levofloxacin or ofloxacin. […] Doxycycline and tetracyclines constitute an alternative in the treatment of C. trachomatis. […] A single dose with parenteral third-generation cephalosporin is indicated if infection due to N. gonorrhoeae is suspected. […] The management of chronic epididymo-orchitis is frequently a challenging task. […] Several treatments have been proposed, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, phytotherapy, anxiolytics, spermatic cord blockage with anesthesia or microdenervation of the spermatic cord, and epididymectomy in refractory cases.

• #48 Epididymitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  If sepsis is suspected, an aminoglycoside such as tobramycin or a 3rd-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone may be useful until the infecting organism and its sensitivities are known. […] Abscess and pyocele usually require surgical drainage. […] Recurrent bacterial epididymitis secondary to incurable chronic urethritis or prostatitis occasionally can be prevented by vasectomy. […] An epididymectomy, occasionally done for chronic epididymitis, may not relieve symptoms. […] Treatment of nonbacterial epididymitis includes the above general measures, but antimicrobial therapy is not warranted. […] Nerve block of the spermatic cord with local anesthesia can relieve symptoms in severe, persistent cases.

• #49 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen. […] In patients older than 35 years, sexually transmitted infections are less likely, and monotherapy with levofloxacin or ofloxacin is sufficient to treat the likely enteric organisms. […] Supportive therapy with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and scrotal elevation is recommended for acute epididymitis. […] Initial treatment of idiopathic chronic epididymitis includes a two-week course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with scrotal icing and elevation. […] If symptoms do not improve, adding a tricyclic antidepressant or neuroleptic such as gabapentin (Neurontin) may be helpful. […] Acute epididymitis can usually be treated in the outpatient setting with follow-up within one week to evaluate for clinical response to treatment.

• #50 Epididymitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/epididymitis

  Treatment includes antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options include antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options for epididymitis include: antibiotics, antibiotics for any sexual partners (if an STI was the cause), bed rest, pain-relieving medication, cold compresses applied regularly to the scrotum, elevation of the scrotum, a stay in hospital (in cases of severe infection), a check-up afterwards to make sure the infection has cleared up. If symptoms have not improved after 48-72 hours, diagnosis should be re-evaluated. […] Chronic epididymitis is difficult to treat. Antibiotics should not be used, as there is no infection. Treatment options include: frequent warm baths, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), medication to alter nerve messages to the scrotum, rarely, surgery to remove the affected epididymis, stress management techniques.

• #51 Epididymitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/1101/p723.html

  In settings where gonorrhea or chlamydia is likely, intramuscular ceftriaxone (single 250-mg dose) plus oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 10 days) is the recommended regimen. […] In patients older than 35 years, sexually transmitted infections are less likely, and monotherapy with levofloxacin or ofloxacin is sufficient to treat the likely enteric organisms. […] Supportive therapy with analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and scrotal elevation is recommended for acute epididymitis. […] Initial treatment of idiopathic chronic epididymitis includes a two-week course of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with scrotal icing and elevation. […] If symptoms do not improve, adding a tricyclic antidepressant or neuroleptic such as gabapentin (Neurontin) may be helpful. […] Acute epididymitis can usually be treated in the outpatient setting with follow-up within one week to evaluate for clinical response to treatment.

• #52 Epididymitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/epididymitis

  Treatment includes antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options include antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options for epididymitis include: antibiotics, antibiotics for any sexual partners (if an STI was the cause), bed rest, pain-relieving medication, cold compresses applied regularly to the scrotum, elevation of the scrotum, a stay in hospital (in cases of severe infection), a check-up afterwards to make sure the infection has cleared up. If symptoms have not improved after 48-72 hours, diagnosis should be re-evaluated. […] Chronic epididymitis is difficult to treat. Antibiotics should not be used, as there is no infection. Treatment options include: frequent warm baths, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), medication to alter nerve messages to the scrotum, rarely, surgery to remove the affected epididymis, stress management techniques.

• #53 Epididymitis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/epididymitis

  Treatment includes antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options include antibiotics and bed rest. […] Treatment options for epididymitis include: antibiotics, antibiotics for any sexual partners (if an STI was the cause), bed rest, pain-relieving medication, cold compresses applied regularly to the scrotum, elevation of the scrotum, a stay in hospital (in cases of severe infection), a check-up afterwards to make sure the infection has cleared up. If symptoms have not improved after 48-72 hours, diagnosis should be re-evaluated. […] Chronic epididymitis is difficult to treat. Antibiotics should not be used, as there is no infection. Treatment options include: frequent warm baths, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs), medication to alter nerve messages to the scrotum, rarely, surgery to remove the affected epididymis, stress management techniques.

• #54 Epididymitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  If sepsis is suspected, an aminoglycoside such as tobramycin or a 3rd-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone may be useful until the infecting organism and its sensitivities are known. […] Abscess and pyocele usually require surgical drainage. […] Recurrent bacterial epididymitis secondary to incurable chronic urethritis or prostatitis occasionally can be prevented by vasectomy. […] An epididymectomy, occasionally done for chronic epididymitis, may not relieve symptoms. […] Treatment of nonbacterial epididymitis includes the above general measures, but antimicrobial therapy is not warranted. […] Nerve block of the spermatic cord with local anesthesia can relieve symptoms in severe, persistent cases.

• #55 Epididymitis | The Urology Group of Virginia

  https://www.urologygroupvirginia.com/urologic-care/testicular-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  Epididymitis is typically treated with hot Sitz baths, scrotal support, anti-inflammatory medication and occasionally antibiotics. Sitting in a warm tub for 20 minutes a day helps lessen inflammation. Scrotal support, with an athletic supporter or tight jockey style underwear, lessens the tension of the spermatic cord. Anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen (Advil or Nuprin) at doses of 400-600 mg, 3 times a day can provide pain relief and reduce swelling. Antibiotics are to be used if directed by your doctor. […] Occasionally, epididymitis becomes chronic in nature. Treatment of this condition is more difficult. Sometimes a block of the spermatic cord is carried out by injecting a mixture of Novocain and cortisone into the groin area. Rarely, surgical removal of the epididymis may be necessary (a procedure called epididymectomy). […] In most cases, epididymitis can be treated very effectively, and most men can be relieved of their symptoms.

• #56 Ease Epididymitis Symptoms: A Proven Approach – Pelvis.nyc

  https://pelvis.nyc/ease-symptoms-of-epididymitis-with-physical-therapy/

  Antibiotics remain the first line of treatment for Epididymitis. But you may recover faster if the treatment includes pelvic floor physical therapy because it proves to help ease symptoms of epididymitis and boost immunity. […] The treatment of epididymitis involves treating underlying infections and easing symptoms. In treating underlying infections, the most common prescription is antibiotics. Taking it as prescribed will make you feel better in a matter of days. However, no matter how well you feel, take the entire course of antibiotics to ensure the bacteria is treated. […] Aside from antibiotics, physical therapy can help ease symptoms. Physical therapists use clinical therapy, workouts, and physical activities in treating epididymitis. It can help boost immunity and enhance faster recovery. Pelvic floor exercises help to relax the pelvic floor and prevent pain, burning, or tightening feelings in the testicular area because of the blood flow blockage.

• #57 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #58 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #59 Epididymitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://www.healthline.com/health/epididymitis

  If an abscess has formed on the testicles, your physician can drain the pus using a needle. […] Surgery is another option if no other treatments have been successful. This involves removing all or part of the epididymis. Surgical interventions may also be necessary to correct any physical anomalies that may be causing epididymitis.

• #60 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Rare case reports describe the need for orchiectomy in patients with testicular infarction that followed bacterial epididymo-orchitis complicated by abscess formation, in some cases despite extended, appropriate antibiotic therapy. […] Otherwise, orchiectomy is indicated only for patients with unrelenting epididymal pain, although up to 50% of patients still report phantom postoperative pain. […] Conduct an epididymotomy infrequently in patients with acute suppurative epididymitis. […] In addition to antibiotics (except in viral epididymitis), the mainstays of supportive therapy for acute epididymitis and orchitis are as follows: Reduction in physical activity, Scrotal support and elevation, Ice packs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Analgesics, including nerve blocks, Avoidance of urethral instrumentation, Sitz baths.

• #61 Epididymitis and Epididymo-orchitis – Men’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/penile-and-testicular-disorders/epididymitis-and-epididymo-orchitis

  Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are usually treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, pain relievers, and ice packs applied to the scrotum. […] Immobilizing the scrotum with a jockstrap decreases pain from repetitive, minor bumps. […] Abscesses usually require surgical drainage.

• #62 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #63 Epididymitis – Genitourinary Disorders – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/penile-and-scrotal-disorders/epididymitis

  If sepsis is suspected, an aminoglycoside such as tobramycin or a 3rd-generation cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone may be useful until the infecting organism and its sensitivities are known. […] Abscess and pyocele usually require surgical drainage. […] Recurrent bacterial epididymitis secondary to incurable chronic urethritis or prostatitis occasionally can be prevented by vasectomy. […] An epididymectomy, occasionally done for chronic epididymitis, may not relieve symptoms. […] Treatment of nonbacterial epididymitis includes the above general measures, but antimicrobial therapy is not warranted. […] Nerve block of the spermatic cord with local anesthesia can relieve symptoms in severe, persistent cases.

• #64 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Rare case reports describe the need for orchiectomy in patients with testicular infarction that followed bacterial epididymo-orchitis complicated by abscess formation, in some cases despite extended, appropriate antibiotic therapy. […] Otherwise, orchiectomy is indicated only for patients with unrelenting epididymal pain, although up to 50% of patients still report phantom postoperative pain. […] Conduct an epididymotomy infrequently in patients with acute suppurative epididymitis. […] In addition to antibiotics (except in viral epididymitis), the mainstays of supportive therapy for acute epididymitis and orchitis are as follows: Reduction in physical activity, Scrotal support and elevation, Ice packs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Analgesics, including nerve blocks, Avoidance of urethral instrumentation, Sitz baths.

• #65 Antibiotic Therapy for Epididymitis

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/antibiotic-therapy-for-epididymitis

  Common pharmacologic therapies include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, anxiolytics, and narcotic analgesics. […] If pharmacologic and conservative therapies fail to relieve a patient’s chronic epididymitis, an epididymectomy may be considered as a last resort. […] Understanding the causes of epididymitis and appropriate treatment regimens can enable pharmacists to optimize patient outcomes and decrease the incidence of serious complications.

• #66 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Epididymectomy was once reported to offer a limited chance (at best 50%) of relieving pain caused by chronic epididymitis. […] However, a study by Siu et al found that 70% of patients who underwent epididymectomy in the face of chronic epididymal pain reported pain resolution. […] Inhibition of adhesion and fibrosis after epididymectomy for chronic epididymitis improves pain relief, according to a study of 43 patients who still had pain despite conservative treatment. […] It has been found that epididymectomy may be more effective in men post vasectomy compared with those who have not undergone vasectomy. […] Despite these findings, it is still suggested that surgery be reserved only for refractory cases. […] The possibility of fertility sequelae should also be discussed with the patient.

• #67 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Epididymectomy was once reported to offer a limited chance (at best 50%) of relieving pain caused by chronic epididymitis. […] However, a study by Siu et al found that 70% of patients who underwent epididymectomy in the face of chronic epididymal pain reported pain resolution. […] Inhibition of adhesion and fibrosis after epididymectomy for chronic epididymitis improves pain relief, according to a study of 43 patients who still had pain despite conservative treatment. […] It has been found that epididymectomy may be more effective in men post vasectomy compared with those who have not undergone vasectomy. […] Despite these findings, it is still suggested that surgery be reserved only for refractory cases. […] The possibility of fertility sequelae should also be discussed with the patient.

• #68 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  Rare case reports describe the need for orchiectomy in patients with testicular infarction that followed bacterial epididymo-orchitis complicated by abscess formation, in some cases despite extended, appropriate antibiotic therapy. […] Otherwise, orchiectomy is indicated only for patients with unrelenting epididymal pain, although up to 50% of patients still report phantom postoperative pain. […] Conduct an epididymotomy infrequently in patients with acute suppurative epididymitis. […] In addition to antibiotics (except in viral epididymitis), the mainstays of supportive therapy for acute epididymitis and orchitis are as follows: Reduction in physical activity, Scrotal support and elevation, Ice packs, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Analgesics, including nerve blocks, Avoidance of urethral instrumentation, Sitz baths.

• #69 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #70 Epididymitis Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotics, Supportive Therapy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/436154-treatment

  In chronic epididymitis, a 4- to 6-week trial of antibiotics for bacterial pathogens, especially against chlamydial infections, is appropriate. […] With epididymitis secondary to Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, treatment of all sexual partners is necessary in order to limit the rate of recurrence and to achieve maximal cure rates. […] If an enteric organism alone is the suspected cause of epididymo-orchitis, and gonorrhea has been ruled out, levofloxacin monotherapy should be considered. […] Given the low incidence of urinary tract infections in boys with epididymitis, antibiotic therapy in prepubertal patients can be reserved for young infants and those with pyuria or positive urine culture findings. […] Obtain immediate consultation with a urologist upon suspicion of testicular torsion, scrotal abscess, or failed medical treatment.

• #71 A Really Big Pain: Acute Epididymitis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/really-big-pain-acute-epididymitis

  Patients whose condition fails to improve after 3 days of antibiotic therapy should be reevaluated for other possible diagnoses. […] Sex partners who had contact with the patient with epididymitis within the preceding 60 days should be referred for evaluation and treatment; patients and partners should avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completed and they are asymptomatic. […] Safer sex counseling should be done in an effort to decrease the possibility of transmission and acquisition of STDs in the future. […] Attention should also be paid to substance abuse issues, especially crystal methamphetamine use, which is associated with increased unsafe sexual activity.

• #72 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Men who have acute epididymitis confirmed or suspected to be caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be advised to abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their partners have been treated and symptoms have resolved. […] Men should be instructed to return to their health care providers if their symptoms do not improve 72 hours after treatment. […] Signs and symptoms of epididymitis that do not subside in 3 days require reevaluation of the diagnosis and therapy.

• #73 A Really Big Pain: Acute Epididymitis

  https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/really-big-pain-acute-epididymitis

  Patients whose condition fails to improve after 3 days of antibiotic therapy should be reevaluated for other possible diagnoses. […] Sex partners who had contact with the patient with epididymitis within the preceding 60 days should be referred for evaluation and treatment; patients and partners should avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completed and they are asymptomatic. […] Safer sex counseling should be done in an effort to decrease the possibility of transmission and acquisition of STDs in the future. […] Attention should also be paid to substance abuse issues, especially crystal methamphetamine use, which is associated with increased unsafe sexual activity.

• #74 Epididymitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/epididymitis

  Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. […] To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area (but do not apply ice directly to the area). Wear underwear with more support or an athletic supporter. […] You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely.

• #75

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/urology/epididymitis

  Antibiotics and pain medication to ease the discomfort caused by inflammation are often used to treat epididymitis. […] Treatment for epididymitis often includes the use of antibiotics and relieving discomfort. If your epididymitis is caused by an STI, your sexual partners should also be treated. […] Your provider may also prescribe pain medications or recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. […] Other measures you can take to relieve discomfort are: Lying down and keeping the scrotum elevated, placing ice packs on the painful area, wear supportive underwear. […] Your provider will schedule a follow-up exam to make sure the infection has gone away.

• #76 Epididymitis – STI Treatment Guidelines

  https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/epididymitis.htm

  Men who have acute epididymitis confirmed or suspected to be caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis should be advised to abstain from sexual intercourse until they and their partners have been treated and symptoms have resolved. […] Men should be instructed to return to their health care providers if their symptoms do not improve 72 hours after treatment. […] Signs and symptoms of epididymitis that do not subside in 3 days require reevaluation of the diagnosis and therapy.

• #77 Epididymo-orchitis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/epididymo-orchitis-pro

  Sexual partners […] Partner notification and treatment are recommended for all patients with epididymo-orchitis secondary to gonorrhoea, chlamydia and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) or of indeterminate aetiology and subsequent MSU negative. […] Follow-up […] If there is no improvement in the patient’s condition after three days, the diagnosis should be reassessed and therapy re-evaluated. […] Further follow-up is recommended at two weeks to assess compliance with treatment, partner notification and improvement of symptoms. […] The swelling and tenderness can persist after antimicrobial therapy is completed but should be significantly improved. […] Where there is little improvement, further investigations such as an ultrasound scan or surgical assessment should be considered. […] Surgical […] Scrotal exploration if a torsion or tumour cannot be ruled out and for the complications of acute epididymitis and orchitis (eg, abscess, testicular infarction).

• #78 Epididymitis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epididymitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363854

  Treatment for epididymitis often includes antibiotics and comfort measures. Sometimes, surgery may be needed. […] Antibiotics are needed to treat bacterial epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis epididymitis infection that has spread to a testicle. If the cause of the bacterial infection is an STI, any sex partners also need treatment. Take all of the antibiotic medicine prescribed by your health care provider, even if your symptoms clear up sooner. This helps make sure that the infection is gone. […] You should start to feel better after 2 to 3 days on an antibiotic, but it may take several weeks for pain and swelling to go away. Resting, supporting the scrotum with an athletic supporter, applying ice packs and taking pain medicine can help relieve discomfort. […] If an abscess has formed, you might need surgery to drain it. Sometimes, all or part of the epididymis needs to be removed surgically. This surgery is called an epididymectomy. Surgical repair might be done when underlying problems with the anatomy of the urinary tract lead to epididymitis.

• #79 Epididymitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17697-epididymitis

  You can’t self-treat most cases of epididymitis. It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider for an official diagnosis and treatment. […] In most cases of bacterial infection, you should start to feel better a few days after starting antibiotics. However, swelling can take several weeks to improve. […] It’s important to finish your full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. If you don’t, epididymitis may return and be harder to treat.

• #80 Epididymitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epididymitis/

  Epididymitis is usually treated with antibiotics. […] The treatment for epididymitis is usually antibiotics. They’re given as injections or taken as tablets, or a combination of both. […] It’s important to finish the whole course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. […] You should start to feel better within a few days, but it may take up to 3 months to fully recover. If you still have symptoms after this, you might be referred for further tests.

• #81 Epididymo-orchitis | STI Guidelines Australia

  https://sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/epididymo-orchitis/

  Advise no sexual contact for 7 days after treatment is commenced, or until the course is completed and symptoms resolved, whichever is later. […] Follow-up at 4-5 days provides an opportunity to assess treatment response and reassess in light of the test results, including antibiotic sensitivities.

• #82 Epididymo-orchitis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/epididymo-orchitis-pro

  Sexual partners […] Partner notification and treatment are recommended for all patients with epididymo-orchitis secondary to gonorrhoea, chlamydia and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) or of indeterminate aetiology and subsequent MSU negative. […] Follow-up […] If there is no improvement in the patient’s condition after three days, the diagnosis should be reassessed and therapy re-evaluated. […] Further follow-up is recommended at two weeks to assess compliance with treatment, partner notification and improvement of symptoms. […] The swelling and tenderness can persist after antimicrobial therapy is completed but should be significantly improved. […] Where there is little improvement, further investigations such as an ultrasound scan or surgical assessment should be considered. […] Surgical […] Scrotal exploration if a torsion or tumour cannot be ruled out and for the complications of acute epididymitis and orchitis (eg, abscess, testicular infarction).

• #83 Epididymo-orchitis: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/epididymo-orchitis-pro

  Sexual partners […] Partner notification and treatment are recommended for all patients with epididymo-orchitis secondary to gonorrhoea, chlamydia and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) or of indeterminate aetiology and subsequent MSU negative. […] Follow-up […] If there is no improvement in the patient’s condition after three days, the diagnosis should be reassessed and therapy re-evaluated. […] Further follow-up is recommended at two weeks to assess compliance with treatment, partner notification and improvement of symptoms. […] The swelling and tenderness can persist after antimicrobial therapy is completed but should be significantly improved. […] Where there is little improvement, further investigations such as an ultrasound scan or surgical assessment should be considered. […] Surgical […] Scrotal exploration if a torsion or tumour cannot be ruled out and for the complications of acute epididymitis and orchitis (eg, abscess, testicular infarction).

• #84 Epididymitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430814/

  Epididymitis is managed medically, whereas testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. […] This activity reviews the presentation, evaluation, and management of epididymitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Explain the management of acute epididymitis. […] Treatment of epididymitis is based upon identification of the causative organism, though presumptive treatment may be initiated based upon the prevalence of the most typical agents (C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, E. coli). For suspected sexually transmitted cases, ceftriaxone along with doxycycline is recommended although azithromycin can be used as an alternative. Fluoroquinolones may be used in older patients where an enteric organism is suspected or likely. Pain and swelling can be dramatically reduced in many cases by using ice. […] Epididymitis caused by repetitive activity is treated symptomatically with rest, anti-inflammatory medications, scrotal support, and close primary care follow-up. […] The outcomes for most men with epididymitis are excellent, but relapses may occur in patients who are not compliant with therapy.

• #85 Acute epididymitis in adolescents and adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-epididymitis-in-adolescents-and-adults

  Acute epididymitis, or inflammation of the epididymis, is one of the most common causes of acute scrotal pain. The pain is typically unilateral, with associated testicular swelling and tenderness. Among patients with epididymal inflammation, up to 58 percent also have inflammation of the testis, known as epididymo-orchitis. This topic addresses the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of acute infectious epididymitis in adults. Noninfectious causes generally present as subacute or chronic epididymitis and are discussed separately. […] Management includes supportive care and antibiotic therapy. […] Counseling on sexual activity is also part of the management. […] Empiric antibiotic treatment for acute epididymitis in adults is recommended.

• #86 Epididymitis

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/epididymitis/

  Epididymitis is usually treated with antibiotics. […] The treatment for epididymitis is usually antibiotics. They’re given as injections or taken as tablets, or a combination of both. […] It’s important to finish the whole course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better. […] You should start to feel better within a few days, but it may take up to 3 months to fully recover. If you still have symptoms after this, you might be referred for further tests.

• #87 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/treating-epididymitis-and-orchitis

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. […] If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal.

• #88 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/treating-epididymitis-and-orchitis

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. […] If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal.

• #89 Treating Epididymitis and Orchitis | Saint Luke’s Health System

  https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/treating-epididymitis-and-orchitis

  You have inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) and testicle (orchitis). This is likely from an infection. Treatment includes medicine to get rid of the infection. It also includes medicine and other methods to ease symptoms. […] Acute epididymitis is most often treated with oral antibiotics. You may also be given a shot (injection) of antibiotics. Be sure to take all of your medicine until it is gone, even if you feel better. […] You may be prescribed medicine to reduce swelling and tenderness. […] You will most likely need to rest for 3 to 4 days until swelling and fever are gone. […] If your testicles are swollen, wear an athletic supporter (jockstrap) or spandex shorts. This may help control swelling and ease symptoms. […] To ease swelling, use an ice pack wrapped in a thin towel on the scrotum. Once swelling is gone, sit in a warm bath to increase blood flow to the area. […] The inflammation will go away with treatment. But you may have an achy feeling in the testicles for 2 to 4 weeks. This does not mean the infection has come back. The testicles just take time to heal.

• #90

  https://www.advocatehealth.com/health-services/urology/epididymitis

  Treatment typically involves antibiotics and pain medication to alleviate discomfort associated with inflammation and symptoms of epididymitis. […] Treatment for epididymitis often includes the use of antibiotics. If your epididymitis is caused by an STI, your sexual partners should also be treated. […] Your provider may also prescribe pain medications or recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. […] Other measures you can take for epididymitis self-care include: Lying down and keeping the scrotum elevated, placing ice packs on the painful area, wearing supportive underwear.

• #91 Epididymitis in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/epididymitis-in-children

  Epididymitis is almost always caused by a bacterial infection. Because of this, the most common treatment is antibiotic medicine. Your child’s healthcare provider may also prescribe pain medicine and anti-inflammatory medicine. Other steps to help relieve the pain include raising the scrotum and using ice. Bed rest may also help. […] The most common treatment is antibiotic medicine. […] A sexually active teen and their partner should not have sex until both have been treated and no longer have symptoms. […] If not treated, epididymitis can become chronic. This means inflammation, pain, and other symptoms dont go away.

• #92 Epididymitis Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/epididymitis

  Your health care provider will prescribe medicine to treat the infection. Sexually transmitted infections need antibiotics. Your sexual partners should also be treated. You may need pain medicines and anti-inflammatory medicines. […] To ease discomfort: Rest lying down with the scrotum elevated. Apply ice packs to the painful area (but do not apply ice directly to the area). Wear underwear with more support or an athletic supporter. […] You will need to follow-up with your provider to make sure the infection has cleared completely.

• #93 Epididymitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430814/

  Epididymitis is managed medically, whereas testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. […] This activity reviews the presentation, evaluation, and management of epididymitis and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Explain the management of acute epididymitis. […] Treatment of epididymitis is based upon identification of the causative organism, though presumptive treatment may be initiated based upon the prevalence of the most typical agents (C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhea, E. coli). For suspected sexually transmitted cases, ceftriaxone along with doxycycline is recommended although azithromycin can be used as an alternative. Fluoroquinolones may be used in older patients where an enteric organism is suspected or likely. Pain and swelling can be dramatically reduced in many cases by using ice. […] Epididymitis caused by repetitive activity is treated symptomatically with rest, anti-inflammatory medications, scrotal support, and close primary care follow-up. […] The outcomes for most men with epididymitis are excellent, but relapses may occur in patients who are not compliant with therapy.

• #94 Epididymitis and Orchitis: An Overview | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2009/0401/p583.html/1000

  In addition to antibiotic treatment, analgesics, scrotal elevation, limitation of activity, and use of cold packs are helpful in the treatment of epididymitis. Patients should be advised of possible complications, including sepsis, abscess, infertility, and extension of the infection. Epididymitis and orchitis usually can be treated in the outpatient setting with close follow-up. Inpatient care is recommended for intractable pain, vomiting (because of the inability to take oral antibiotics), suspicion of abscess, failure of outpatient care, or signs of sepsis. […] Orchitis treatment is mostly supportive and should include bed rest and the use of hot or cold packs for pain. Antibacterial medications are not indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis, and most cases of mumps-associated orchitis resolve spontaneously after three to 10 days. Epididymoorchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage, as with epididymitis.

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