Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6524133/

  Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection is the most frequently identified health care-associated infection in the United States. Clinical illness ranges in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. […] The reported incidence and severity as measured by total mortality and colectomy rates increased steadily between 1993 and 2003. In 2011, there were an estimated 453,000 incident C difficile infections in the United States, at 147.2 cases per 100,000 persons, and an estimated 29,300 associated deaths. […] C difficile infection should be considered in patients who have diarrhea (3 loose stools in 24 hours) with or without abdominal pain, especially if they have a recognized risk factor (including recent antibiotic use, hospitalization, or advanced age) with no obvious alternative diagnosis. Nausea, vomiting, and fever are often but not always present.

• #2 Clostridioides difficile infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431054/

  Clostridioides difficile infections can range from an asymptomatic carrier to diarrhea, progressing to severe conditions such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon with septic shock, often resulting in a high mortality rate. […] Clinical presentations of C difficile infections vary from being asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic patients experiencing mild diarrhea to severe manifestations such as fever, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, and septic shock. The severity of clinical signs and symptoms varies depending on factors such as the patient’s overall health status and the specific strain of C difficile involved. Common symptoms associated with diarrhea and colitis caused by C difficile include watery diarrhea with mucus or occult blood, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and lower abdominal pain. […] Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, characteristic symptoms of C difficile infection, result from clostridial glycosylation exotoxins toxin A (TcdA), an enterotoxin, and toxin B (TcdB), which is cytotoxic.

• #3 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus that is responsible for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. C difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage. […] CDI commonly manifests as mild to moderate diarrhea, occasionally with abdominal cramping. Pseudomembranes (adherent, yellowish white plaques on the intestinal mucosa) are occasionally observed. In rare cases, patients with CDI can present with an acute abdomen and fulminant, life-threatening colitis. […] The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea 48 hours or more after hospitalization.

• #4 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  Clostridioides difficile commonly known as C. difficile or C. diff is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and colitis (inflammation of the colon). Its typically found in feces and can easily contaminate food and surfaces. About half a million people develop C. diff infections in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many people develop it while theyre hospitalized for surgery or receiving care for other illnesses. C. diff infection most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term care facilities and usually results from the use of antibiotics. But research suggests rates of C. diff infection are increasing, and cases are being diagnosed in young, healthy individuals who havent used antibiotics and who havent been in a healthcare facility. Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after a person starts antibiotic treatment, though they can appear the same day you start antibiotics, or as much as two months later. But typically, those who develop mild to moderate C. diff infection experience the following symptoms: Watery diarrhea three or more times per day for two or more days, Fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal pain and cramps. In severe cases, C. diff infection may cause: Watery diarrhea up to 15 times per day, Dehydration, Swollen abdomen, with severe cramping and pain, Elevated heart rate, Fever, Stool containing blood or pus, Nausea, Loss of appetite or weight loss, Liver or kidney failure, Increased white blood cell count. In general, you should talk to your doctor if youve started antibiotic treatment and experience three or more watery stools a day for more than two days, a new fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool. If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later. If diagnosed and effectively treated with antibiotics, most cases of C. difficile resolve within two weeks.

• #5 Clostridioides difficile infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431054/

  Clostridioides difficile infections can range from an asymptomatic carrier to diarrhea, progressing to severe conditions such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon with septic shock, often resulting in a high mortality rate. […] Clinical presentations of C difficile infections vary from being asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic patients experiencing mild diarrhea to severe manifestations such as fever, abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, and septic shock. The severity of clinical signs and symptoms varies depending on factors such as the patient’s overall health status and the specific strain of C difficile involved. Common symptoms associated with diarrhea and colitis caused by C difficile include watery diarrhea with mucus or occult blood, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and lower abdominal pain. […] Diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis, characteristic symptoms of C difficile infection, result from clostridial glycosylation exotoxins toxin A (TcdA), an enterotoxin, and toxin B (TcdB), which is cytotoxic.

• #6 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus that is responsible for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. C difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage. […] CDI commonly manifests as mild to moderate diarrhea, occasionally with abdominal cramping. Pseudomembranes (adherent, yellowish white plaques on the intestinal mucosa) are occasionally observed. In rare cases, patients with CDI can present with an acute abdomen and fulminant, life-threatening colitis. […] The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea 48 hours or more after hospitalization.

• #7 C. difficile (C. diff): An urgent threat – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/c-difficile-c-diff-an-urgent-threat-2020022018862

  Clostridioides (previously Clostridium) difficile (C. diff) is the most common cause of diarrhea among hospitalized patients and the most commonly reported bacteria causing infections in hospitals. C. diff infection (CDI) occurs more commonly following antibiotic therapy or hospitalization, and among older adults or patients with weakened immune responses. In 2002, an epidemic strain of C. diff emerged, causing more severe disease with inflammation of the colon (colitis) and an increase in deaths. This strain adheres better to the intestine and produces more toxin, which is responsible for causing illness. Non-epidemic strains may cause less severe disease. […] CDI is diagnosed based on symptoms, primarily watery diarrhea occurring at least three times a day, and stool that tests positive for C. diff. A positive test without symptoms represents colonization and does not require treatment. Patients colonized with toxin-producing strains are at risk for disease, particularly if exposed to antibiotics.

• #8 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #9 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridium difficile, also known as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #10 Diagnosing and Treating C. Diff Infections | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/infectious-disease/treatment/c-diff

  C. diff symptoms usually begin a few days after you start taking antibiotics, but its possible for them to start up to three months later. Signs and symptoms of infection may include: […] If you experience any of these symptoms, see a health care provider right away, especially if youre taking or recently took antibiotics. […] In severe cases, C. diff can cause more intense symptoms, including:

• #11 Clostridioides difficile infection CDI – including symptoms treatment and prevention | SA Health

  https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/conditions/infectious+diseases/clostridium+difficile+infection/clostridioides+difficile+infection+cdi+-+including+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention

  Clostridioides difficile (previously known as Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) is a disease of the large intestine caused by toxins produced by the spore forming bacterium Clostridioides difficile. […] The trigger for symptoms is usually a disturbance of the normal bacteria in the gut during antibiotic treatment. This allows C. difficile to colonise (become established in) and multiply in the gut and produce toxins that attack the lining of the gut wall. […] Mild, self-limiting symptoms can include: diarrhoea (watery or sometimes bloody), fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain. […] A serious form of the disease, known as pseudomembranous colitis (severe inflammation of the lining of the gut) has a high death rate if not recognised early and treated appropriately. […] Incubation period can vary but on an average 2 to 3 days. […] A person with diarrhoea from C. difficile infection is infectious while symptoms persist. C. difficile spores can survive in the environment for weeks or months.

• #12 Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) – IFFGD

  https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridioides difficile infection or C. difficile is a bacterium that can infect the large bowel (or colon) and is a major cause of infectious colitis and diarrhea in healthcare settings around the world. […] The C. difficile infection occurs when the C. difficile bacteria multiply and are able to grow within the gastrointestinal (GI) system. […] For most people infected by CDI, symptoms will begin in 2-3 days. In some cases, CDI may take more than one week and up to 28 days to become noticeable. […] CDI secretes several toxins, or poisonous substances in the colon (large intestine). These toxins cause inflammation in the GI tract and diarrhea. […] This can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and even sepsis. […] But the mere exposure to C. Difficile doesn’t necessarily mean that one will develop C.difficile colitis.

• #13 Clostridioides difficile – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/clostridioides-difficile/

  The most common symptoms of a C. difficile infection are diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and stomach pain or tenderness. […] Sometimes people carry C. difficile in their bodies without any symptoms. This is called being colonized. A person can be colonized with C. difficile for a long time and never get sick or get sick much later. […] The exact timeframe is unknown. It can range from a few days to up to three months after exposure.

• #14 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #15 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #16 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #17 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

  The severity of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) symptoms may depend on your age and overall health. Most healthy people are not adversely affected by C. diff. In patients with chronic illness, symptoms may include: […] Watery diarrhea at least three times a day for two days or more […] Fever […] Appetite loss […] Nausea […] Abdominal pain or tenderness […] More severe symptoms can include: […] Rapid heart rate […] Dehydration […] Blood or pus in stool […] Weight loss […] Complications of C. diff infection are sepsis (body-wide response to infection), colitis, bowel perforation (hole), kidney failure and in some cases, death.

• #18 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #19 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• 1″>20

  #21 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

• #22 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #23 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridium difficile, also known as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #24 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

  The severity of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) symptoms may depend on your age and overall health. Most healthy people are not adversely affected by C. diff. In patients with chronic illness, symptoms may include: […] Watery diarrhea at least three times a day for two days or more […] Fever […] Appetite loss […] Nausea […] Abdominal pain or tenderness […] More severe symptoms can include: […] Rapid heart rate […] Dehydration […] Blood or pus in stool […] Weight loss […] Complications of C. diff infection are sepsis (body-wide response to infection), colitis, bowel perforation (hole), kidney failure and in some cases, death.

• #25 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridium difficile, also known as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #26 Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0201/p168.html

  Clostridioides difficile infection is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from mild or moderate diarrhea to severe disease with pseudomembranous colitis, colonic ileus, toxic megacolon, sepsis, or death. […] C. difficile infection is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from mild or moderate diarrhea often mucoid stool with minimal blood to severe disease with pseudo-membranous colitis, colonic ileus, toxic megacolon, sepsis, or death. Other possible symptoms include fever, abdominal pain or cramping, decreased appetite, and malaise. […] The first step in identifying the correct treatment strategy is to determine the severity of the infection. Based on expert opinion, the proposed criteria for C. difficile infection severity are: Nonsevere infection: white blood cell count of 15,000 per mL (15.0 109 per L) or less and serum creatinine level less than 1.5 mg per dL (133 mmol per L); Severe infection: white blood cell count greater than 15,000 per mL or serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg per dL or greater; Fulminant colitis: hypotension, shock, ileus, or megacolon. […] Recurrent C. difficile infection is defined by resolution of symptoms during therapy, then reappearance of symptoms two to eight weeks after treatment has ended. The recurrence rate for health care facility-acquired infections is 5% to 50% (median: 20%).

• #27 What Does C. Diff Poop Look Like? 6 Signs To Watch For (VIDEO) | MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam

  https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/what-does-c-diff-poop-look-like-6-signs-to-watch-for

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a contagious bacteria that can cause an infection in your colon, or large intestine. This video shares six signs to watch for C.diff symptoms. […] C. diff often causes diarrhea that won’t go away even if you’re avoiding trigger foods. If diarrhea lasts longer than a few days and is worse than your usual IBD flares, contact your doctor. […] C. diff poop often looks watery or mushy. This texture shows up because the infection causes your body to absorb less fluids. […] A C. diff infection can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood in your poop. Similarly, a fifth sign of C. diff infection is spotting mucus in your stool. C. diff can cause inflammation that leads to visible blood and mucus in your poop. […] An unusually strong, sometimes sweet smell to your stool can also be a clue. This unique odor is a result of bacterial changes in your gut.

• #28 What Does C. Diff Poop Look Like? 6 Signs To Watch For (VIDEO) | MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam

  https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/what-does-c-diff-poop-look-like-6-signs-to-watch-for

  Some people who get severe cases of C. diff see a lot of mucus in their diarrhea. […] Some people with C. diff notice that their poop takes on a greenish tinge. […] Sometimes, C. diff will change the way your poop smells. Some people notice a very strong, bad odor that’s different from normal or worse than they’ve smelled before. Others report that the odor, in addition to being different and strong, is strangely sweet.

• #29 Why Is C. Diff So Dangerous? C. Diff Awareness Month | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/news/why-is-c-diff-so-dangerous-c-diff-awareness-month/

  C. diff is an infection caused by Clostridioides difficile, a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon, called colitis. C. diff infections affect almost a half a million people in the U.S. every year. […] While many people do recover from such an infection, some die. Others become seriously ill and require hospitalization. The frequent bouts of watery stool can cause dehydration, which can lead to other complications like kidney failure. […] Once you have had this infection, if you have another bout, you will recognize the signs right away. They usually start 5 to 10 days after you start taking a new antibiotic. Mild to moderate infection causes: 3 or more watery liquid stools per day, with a very distinct odor, fever, abdominal pain or cramping. Severe infection causes: watery diarrhea 10 or more times a day, severe abdominal pain or cramping, nausea, blood or pus in the diarrhea, loss of appetite.

• #30 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) Infection

  https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/RelatedItems/3,89209

  C. diff (Clostridium difficile) bacteria can be very harmful. They affect the intestinal tract. They can cause symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of the large intestine (colon). C. diff infection may also be called Clostridioides difficile infection. It’s most common during the days and weeks after treatment with antibiotics. Anyone can get infected. But the risk is higher for people in hospitals and for people living in nursing homes or long-term care facilities. This is because antibiotic use is common there. Germs also spread easily in these places. […] People with a mild C. diff infection often have these symptoms: Watery diarrhea (3 or more times a day for several days), Stomach pain, soreness, and cramping. People with a severe C. diff infection may have symptoms that include: Severe stomach pain or soreness, Frequent watery diarrhea (up to 15 times a day), Belly swelling, Upset stomach (nausea) and vomiting, Loss of appetite, Blood or pus in their stool, Fever. […] Sometimes people carry the C. diff germs but do not get sick. This is called colonization. Colonization is more common than C. diff infection and does not need treatment. People who are colonized have no symptoms. But they can still pass the infection to others.

• #31 Clostridioides difficile – Epidemiology

  https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/clostridioides-difficile/

  The most common symptoms of a C. difficile infection are diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and stomach pain or tenderness. […] Sometimes people carry C. difficile in their bodies without any symptoms. This is called being colonized. A person can be colonized with C. difficile for a long time and never get sick or get sick much later. […] The exact timeframe is unknown. It can range from a few days to up to three months after exposure.

• #32 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #33 Clostridium difficile

  https://mobile.fpnotebook.com/GI/ID/ClstrdmDfcl.htm

  Asymptomatic carrier state is common. […] Megacolon may be present without Diarrhea. […] Inflammatory Diarrhea (variably present) […] Timing […] Incubates for 2-7 days after colonization. […] Most cases occur on days 4-9 of Antibiotic course. […] Onset 14 days after Antibiotics in 96% of cases. […] All cases occur within 3 months of Antibiotics. […] Characteristics […] Frequent, watery Bowel Movements to profuse Diarrhea up to 20-30 stools daily. […] Foul, characteristic odor may be present, but not shown in studies to be sensitive or specific. […] Mucus and occult blood often present. […] Acute inflammatory symptoms (50% of cases) […] Fever (38.5 C in 15% of cases). […] Crampy Abdominal Pain. […] Decreased appetite. […] Malaise. […] Nausea or Vomiting may be present in 2 to 30% of patients. […] In severe cases, Pseudomembranous colitis and Toxic Megacolon occurs. […] Melana and Hematochezia are uncommon (although occult blood in stool is more often present).

• #34 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #35 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #36 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #37 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #38 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #39 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

  The severity of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) symptoms may depend on your age and overall health. Most healthy people are not adversely affected by C. diff. In patients with chronic illness, symptoms may include: […] Watery diarrhea at least three times a day for two days or more […] Fever […] Appetite loss […] Nausea […] Abdominal pain or tenderness […] More severe symptoms can include: […] Rapid heart rate […] Dehydration […] Blood or pus in stool […] Weight loss […] Complications of C. diff infection are sepsis (body-wide response to infection), colitis, bowel perforation (hole), kidney failure and in some cases, death.

• #40 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #41 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #42 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #43 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #44 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #45 Clostridioides difficile Infection: Update on Management | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0201/p168.html

  Clostridioides difficile infection is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from mild or moderate diarrhea to severe disease with pseudomembranous colitis, colonic ileus, toxic megacolon, sepsis, or death. […] C. difficile infection is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from mild or moderate diarrhea often mucoid stool with minimal blood to severe disease with pseudo-membranous colitis, colonic ileus, toxic megacolon, sepsis, or death. Other possible symptoms include fever, abdominal pain or cramping, decreased appetite, and malaise. […] The first step in identifying the correct treatment strategy is to determine the severity of the infection. Based on expert opinion, the proposed criteria for C. difficile infection severity are: Nonsevere infection: white blood cell count of 15,000 per mL (15.0 109 per L) or less and serum creatinine level less than 1.5 mg per dL (133 mmol per L); Severe infection: white blood cell count greater than 15,000 per mL or serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg per dL or greater; Fulminant colitis: hypotension, shock, ileus, or megacolon. […] Recurrent C. difficile infection is defined by resolution of symptoms during therapy, then reappearance of symptoms two to eight weeks after treatment has ended. The recurrence rate for health care facility-acquired infections is 5% to 50% (median: 20%).

• #46 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #47 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #48 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #49 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #50 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #51 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  Clostridioides difficile commonly known as C. difficile or C. diff is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and colitis (inflammation of the colon). Its typically found in feces and can easily contaminate food and surfaces. About half a million people develop C. diff infections in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many people develop it while theyre hospitalized for surgery or receiving care for other illnesses. C. diff infection most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term care facilities and usually results from the use of antibiotics. But research suggests rates of C. diff infection are increasing, and cases are being diagnosed in young, healthy individuals who havent used antibiotics and who havent been in a healthcare facility. Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after a person starts antibiotic treatment, though they can appear the same day you start antibiotics, or as much as two months later. But typically, those who develop mild to moderate C. diff infection experience the following symptoms: Watery diarrhea three or more times per day for two or more days, Fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal pain and cramps. In severe cases, C. diff infection may cause: Watery diarrhea up to 15 times per day, Dehydration, Swollen abdomen, with severe cramping and pain, Elevated heart rate, Fever, Stool containing blood or pus, Nausea, Loss of appetite or weight loss, Liver or kidney failure, Increased white blood cell count. In general, you should talk to your doctor if youve started antibiotic treatment and experience three or more watery stools a day for more than two days, a new fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool. If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later. If diagnosed and effectively treated with antibiotics, most cases of C. difficile resolve within two weeks.

• #52 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #53 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) – AGA GI Patient Center

  https://patient-staging.gastro.org/clostridioides-difficile-c-diff/

  Clostridioides difficile, or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea, watery diarrhea, stomach pain and stomach cramps that may be severe. […] The symptoms often start with: Watery diarrhea (very liquid stool) three or more times a day for more than two days. Belly pain and cramps. Mild to moderate nausea. Loss of appetite (not feeling hungry). […] In more serious cases, symptoms may be: Watery diarrhea as often as 15 times per day. Severe belly pain and cramping. Dehydration. Fever. Weight loss. […] Unfortunately about 25% of people with C. diff who are treated correctly with an antibiotic will have a repeat of the same symptoms because the infection has not gone away. Of those people, 45% will get C. diff again. […] If you get diarrhea within a few days of being admitted to, or released from, a hospital, or within two months of taking an antibiotic, and you have had three or more bouts of diarrhea in 24 hours, C. diff may be the reason. […] Severe C. diff can be dangerous, as it can cause rapid dehydration (fluid loss). If you get dehydrated really fast, it can impact your organs and cause your blood pressure to be dangerously low, damage your kidneys and lead to kidney failure.

• #54 Clostridium Difficile (C. diff) │The University of Kansas Health System

  https://www.kansashealthsystem.com/care/conditions/clostridium-difficile

  C. difficile, often called C. diff, is a common bacterial infection and can be aggressive. It infects about 500,000 people in the United States every year and sends hundreds of thousands to the hospital. C. difficile can be fatal, causing 14,000 to 30,000 deaths annually. […] The symptoms of C. difficile include: Abdominal pain, Loss of appetite, Mild to moderate nausea, Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than 2 days. […] In more serious cases, inflammation within the colon can be extensive, even cause bleeding and damage to the intestinal lining. Symptoms of severe infections include: Dehydration, Fever, Severe abdominal pain and intestinal cramping, Watery diarrhea as often as 15 times daily, Weight loss. […] Very severe cases can lead to dehydration, low blood pressure, kidney failure or bowel perforation. […] If you develop diarrhea within a few days of admission to or release from the hospital or within 2 months of taking an antibiotic or have 3 or more bouts of diarrhea in 24 hours, C. difficile could be responsible.

• #55 What Does C. Diff Poop Look Like? 6 Signs To Watch For (VIDEO) | MyCrohnsAndColitisTeam

  https://www.mycrohnsandcolitisteam.com/resources/what-does-c-diff-poop-look-like-6-signs-to-watch-for

  Some people who get severe cases of C. diff see a lot of mucus in their diarrhea. […] Some people with C. diff notice that their poop takes on a greenish tinge. […] Sometimes, C. diff will change the way your poop smells. Some people notice a very strong, bad odor that’s different from normal or worse than they’ve smelled before. Others report that the odor, in addition to being different and strong, is strangely sweet.

• #56 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  Complications can occur with more severe infections. How severe your infection becomes will depend on several factors, including the strain of the bacteria you have and how strong your immune system is. […] Common complications include recurrent infection. As many as 20% of people will experience a relapse within two to eight weeks of completing treatment. As many as 40% will have another relapse after that. […] As toxic damage in your colon progresses, you may have further complications, including fluid leakage. Your colon may begin to leak fluids into your abdominal cavity, causing it to swell. You may also lose proteins from your colon, leading to low albumin which can cause swelling, fatigue and other symptoms. […] Toxic megacolon is rare but serious. It happens when swelling from inflammation is so severe that it disables your colon. It can eventually lead to sepsis.

• #57 Clostridium difficile (C. diff ) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/c-diff-infection

  Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever. […] A C. diff infection causes diarrhea, which can range from mild to severe, and in rare cases, can lead to serious complications. […] When a C. diff infection takes hold, it releases toxins that inflame the lining of the colon, causing symptoms ranging from slightly loose stools to severe diarrhea, as well as fever and abdominal pain. […] Symptoms vary based on how inflamed the colon has become, but can range from slightly loose stools to more than two dozen episodes of diarrhea a day. Abdominal pain and fever can also occur. […] In severe cases, C. diff infection can lead to life-threatening dehydration (from loss of fluids due to diarrhea), low blood pressure, a condition called toxic megacolon (an acutely distended colon that requires surgery), and colon perforation.

• #58 Why Is C. Diff So Dangerous? C. Diff Awareness Month | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/news/why-is-c-diff-so-dangerous-c-diff-awareness-month/

  Severe colitis can lead to a condition called toxic megacolon or toxic colitis. This can cause bleeding, a perforation in the colon wall (perforated bowel) and septic shock. […] According to the Peggy Lillis Foundation, C. diff infections killed almost 30,000 people in the U.S. in 2011, the latest numbers available. […] About 20% of patients see their symptoms disappear just a few days after they stop taking the antibiotic that caused it in the first place. The other 80% need active treatment. […] It may seem odd to treat a condition caused by antibiotics with more antibiotics, but since Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium, antibiotics are the only way to treat the infection. […] If someone is diagnosed with C. diff or you suspect you or a loved one may have one, isolation is important to keep the infection from spreading. […] If you do have a C. diff infection, watch for signs of sepsis. If you think you may have sepsis, seek help immediately by going to your closest emergency room or calling 911.

• #59 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

  The severity of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) symptoms may depend on your age and overall health. Most healthy people are not adversely affected by C. diff. In patients with chronic illness, symptoms may include: […] Watery diarrhea at least three times a day for two days or more […] Fever […] Appetite loss […] Nausea […] Abdominal pain or tenderness […] More severe symptoms can include: […] Rapid heart rate […] Dehydration […] Blood or pus in stool […] Weight loss […] Complications of C. diff infection are sepsis (body-wide response to infection), colitis, bowel perforation (hole), kidney failure and in some cases, death.

• #60 Patient education: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea-caused-by-clostridioides-difficile-beyond-the-basics

  Antibiotic-associated diarrhea refers to diarrhea that develops in a person who is taking or recently took antibiotics. One of the most serious causes of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is infection with a bacterium called Clostridioides difficile. C. difficile infections are common, with approximately 500,000 cases per year in the United States. Infection is most common in people who are hospitalized, producing disease in more than 8 hospitalized patients per 1000 (0.9 percent) in 2008 in the United States. […] Symptoms of C. difficile may begin during antibiotic therapy or 5 to 10 days after the antibiotic is stopped; less commonly, symptoms do not develop until as late as 10 weeks later. The symptoms of C. difficile infection can vary in severity: Some people (called carriers) shed the bacteria in their feces but have no signs or symptoms of the infection and can spread the infection to others. The most common symptoms include diarrhea (three or more unformed bowel movements per day), or diarrhea associated with abdominal cramping. In more severe cases, patients may develop profuse watery diarrhea (up to 10 to 15 times per day), blood or pus in the stool, dehydration, abdominal tenderness and cramping, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Anyone who develops one or more of these symptoms should seek medical care as soon as possible. Life-threatening complications of C. difficile infection develop in a small number of people. Signs and symptoms of severe infection may include abdominal distension, severe abdominal pain, fever (greater than 101°F, or 38.3°C), and profuse diarrhea. In rare cases, the bowels can rupture, potentially leading to a body-wide infection (sepsis), organ failure, or even death.

• #61 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #62 Clostridium Difficile Infection Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/infectious-disease/clostridium-difficile/symptoms

  The severity of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) symptoms may depend on your age and overall health. Most healthy people are not adversely affected by C. diff. In patients with chronic illness, symptoms may include: […] Watery diarrhea at least three times a day for two days or more […] Fever […] Appetite loss […] Nausea […] Abdominal pain or tenderness […] More severe symptoms can include: […] Rapid heart rate […] Dehydration […] Blood or pus in stool […] Weight loss […] Complications of C. diff infection are sepsis (body-wide response to infection), colitis, bowel perforation (hole), kidney failure and in some cases, death.

• #63 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #64 Long-Term Side Effects From C. Diff

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/long-term-problems-c-diff-5218658

  The C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that irritate the digestive system and cause diarrhea. Some people have up to 15 episodes of diarrhea each day. The frequent watery diarrhea can lead to dehydration and even kidney damage. […] The C. diff toxins can irritate the lower part of the intestines, causing colitis. The colon then swells and becomes inflamed. If this gets bad enough, the intestines can rupture. In those cases, the damaged intestines need to be removed in surgery and can leave scars and longer-term gut problems. […] Its estimated that about 25% of people (or one in four) who have a C. diff infection will experience a repeat infection. This usually occurs within four to eight weeks after the end of treatment. […] When recovering from CDI, you may encounter long-term health problems. These can include physical, psychological, and professional problems in addition to financial burdens.

• #65 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  Complications can occur with more severe infections. How severe your infection becomes will depend on several factors, including the strain of the bacteria you have and how strong your immune system is. […] Common complications include recurrent infection. As many as 20% of people will experience a relapse within two to eight weeks of completing treatment. As many as 40% will have another relapse after that. […] As toxic damage in your colon progresses, you may have further complications, including fluid leakage. Your colon may begin to leak fluids into your abdominal cavity, causing it to swell. You may also lose proteins from your colon, leading to low albumin which can cause swelling, fatigue and other symptoms. […] Toxic megacolon is rare but serious. It happens when swelling from inflammation is so severe that it disables your colon. It can eventually lead to sepsis.

• #66 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridium difficile, also known as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #67 Clostridium difficile | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/clostridium-difficile

  C. difficile infections are unpleasant and can sometimes cause serious bowel problems. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration. This may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] Get medical advice if: you have persistent diarrhoea after finishing a course of antibiotics; you have bloody diarrhoea; you have diarrhoea and experience severe tummy pain, a high fever, a rapid heart rate or fainting; you have symptoms of severe dehydration, such as confusion, drowsiness, only passing small amounts of urine or no urine at all. […] Following testing, C. difficile may be treated with an antibiotic, if necessary. Most people usually make a full recovery in a week or two. […] However, the symptoms come back in around one in five cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #68 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #69 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #70 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #71 Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/clostridium-difficile-c-diff

  Infection with Clostridioides difficile (sometimes just called 'C. diff’) most commonly occurs in people who have recently had a course of antibiotics and are in hospital. Symptoms can range from mild diarrhoea to a life-threatening inflammation of the bowel. […] Symptoms of a mild or moderate infection include: Mild or moderate watery diarrhoea. Crampy tummy (abdominal) pains. Feeling of sickness (nausea). A high temperature (fever). […] The symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhoea, which may occur up to 15 times a day. Blood or pus in the stool. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fever. Nausea. Severe loss of fluid from the body (dehydration) may cause dry mouth, headaches, drowsiness, confusion, fainting and a rapid heart rate. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis include: Bloody diarrhoea. Abdominal pain. A distended colon and abdomen. Fever (high temperature). […] Most people with C. difficile infection recover, some even without any treatment. However, the diarrhoea can be unpleasant and, in some cases, can last for several weeks. If needed, treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin gives a good chance of clearing the infection quickly.

• #72 Pseudomembranous colitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudomembranous-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351434

  Pseudomembranous colitis is inflammation of the colon associated with an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) often called C. diff. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may include: Watery diarrhea. Stomach cramps, pain or tenderness. Fever. Pus or mucus in the stool. Nausea. Dehydration. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can begin as soon as 1 to 2 days after you start taking an antibiotic, or as long as several months or longer after you finish taking the antibiotic. […] Even mild to moderate C. difficile infections can quickly progress to fatal disease if not treated quickly.

• #73 Pseudomembranous colitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudomembranous-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351434

  Pseudomembranous colitis is inflammation of the colon associated with an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) often called C. diff. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may include: Watery diarrhea. Stomach cramps, pain or tenderness. Fever. Pus or mucus in the stool. Nausea. Dehydration. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can begin as soon as 1 to 2 days after you start taking an antibiotic, or as long as several months or longer after you finish taking the antibiotic. […] Even mild to moderate C. difficile infections can quickly progress to fatal disease if not treated quickly.

• #74 Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) – IFFGD

  https://iffgd.org/gi-disorders/other-disorders/clostridium-difficile/

  The most common form of CDI seen is either mild colitis, or simple diarrhea. This diarrhea is watery and contains mucus, but generally not blood. […] Severe CDI occurs when the patient has very bad diarrhea and possible dehydration, as well as abnormal lab tests and/or X-rays. […] This is the worst type of CDI and is often seen with very serious complications. […] Patients with this level feel severe lower abdominal pain, diarrhea, high fever with chills, and rapid heartbeat. […] CDI recurrence is the reappearance of diarrhea and other CDI symptoms after treatment ends following an initial improvement or response to the antibiotic used to treat the infection. […] It is estimated that approximately 25% of patients with CDI who receive a standard of care antibiotic therapy will have at least one recurrence. […] Recurrences occur because the antibiotics that we use to treat CDI aren’t effective against the C. Difficile spore.

• #75 Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–Induced Diarrhea – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-induced-diarrhea

  Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely progressing to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, sepsis, and acute abdomen. […] Symptoms of C. difficile induced diarrhea typically begin 5 to 10 days after starting antibiotics but may occur on the first day or up to 2 months later. Diarrhea may be mild and semiformed, frequent and watery, or sometimes bloody. Cramping or pain is common, but nausea and vomiting are rare. The abdomen may be slightly tender. […] Patients with fulminant colitis, which is characterized by severe acute inflammation of the colon and systemic toxicity, have more pain and appear very ill, with tachycardia and abdominal distention and tenderness. If colonic perforation occurs, peritoneal signs are present.

• #76 Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile–Induced Diarrhea – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/anaerobic-bacteria/clostridioides-formerly-clostridium-difficile-induced-diarrhea

  Toxins produced by Clostridioides difficile strains in the gastrointestinal tract cause pseudomembranous colitis, typically after antibiotic use. Symptoms are diarrhea, sometimes bloody, rarely progressing to toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, sepsis, and acute abdomen. […] Symptoms of C. difficile induced diarrhea typically begin 5 to 10 days after starting antibiotics but may occur on the first day or up to 2 months later. Diarrhea may be mild and semiformed, frequent and watery, or sometimes bloody. Cramping or pain is common, but nausea and vomiting are rare. The abdomen may be slightly tender. […] Patients with fulminant colitis, which is characterized by severe acute inflammation of the colon and systemic toxicity, have more pain and appear very ill, with tachycardia and abdominal distention and tenderness. If colonic perforation occurs, peritoneal signs are present.

• #77 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #78 Clostridioides difficile infection – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridioides_difficile_infection

  Symptoms include watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. […] Complications may include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation of the colon, and sepsis. […] Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. […] In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea („new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period”), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 C or 105 F), and a distinctive foul odor to the stool resembling horse manure. […] In children, the most prevalent symptom of a CDI is watery diarrhea with at least three bowel movements a day for two or more days, which may be accompanied by fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and/or abdominal pain. […] Those with a severe infection also may develop serious inflammation of the colon and have little or no diarrhea.

• #79

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6524133/

  Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection is the most frequently identified health care-associated infection in the United States. Clinical illness ranges in severity from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis and death. […] The reported incidence and severity as measured by total mortality and colectomy rates increased steadily between 1993 and 2003. In 2011, there were an estimated 453,000 incident C difficile infections in the United States, at 147.2 cases per 100,000 persons, and an estimated 29,300 associated deaths. […] C difficile infection should be considered in patients who have diarrhea (3 loose stools in 24 hours) with or without abdominal pain, especially if they have a recognized risk factor (including recent antibiotic use, hospitalization, or advanced age) with no obvious alternative diagnosis. Nausea, vomiting, and fever are often but not always present.

• #80 Clostridium difficile | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/infections-and-poisoning/clostridium-difficile/

  Clostridium difficile, also known as C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can infect the bowel and cause diarrhoea. […] Symptoms of a C. difficile infection usually develop when you’re taking antibiotics, or when you’ve finished taking them within the last few weeks. […] The most common symptoms are: watery diarrhoea, which can be bloody; painful tummy cramps; feeling sick; signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, headaches and peeing less often than normal; a high temperature (fever) of above 38C (100.4F); loss of appetite and weight loss. […] In some cases, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the bowel or severe dehydration, which may cause drowsiness, confusion, a rapid heart rate and fainting. […] C. difficile infections usually respond well to treatment, with most people making a full recovery in a week or two. However, the symptoms come back in around 1 in 5 cases and treatment may need to be repeated.

• #81 C. diff

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/c-diff/

  If C. diff grows too much in your bowel, it can cause infection and make you very sick. […] Common symptoms of C. diff infection include: diarrhoea – varies from mild and watery to very severe and sometimes has a very bad smell, feeling sick (nausea), a high temperature (fever), loss of appetite. […] Some people who are very sick can have blood in their poo and get very severe bloating of the abdomen. […] Having diarrhoea while taking antibiotics does not always mean you have a C. diff infection. Diarrhoea can be caused by a number of conditions and is a common side effect of antibiotics. […] Infections usually respond well to treatment. Most people make a full recovery in a week or two. But symptoms can come back for around 1 in 5 people and treatment may need to be repeated. […] A small number of people who receive treatment for C. diff can get repeated C. diff infections. In some cases, a faecal transplant (transfer of poo bugs from someone else) may be needed. […] In rare cases, a serious C. diff infection may require surgery to remove a damaged section of the bowel.

• #82 What Is C. Diff? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/c-diff/guide/

  Clostridioides difficile commonly known as C. difficile or C. diff is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and colitis (inflammation of the colon). Its typically found in feces and can easily contaminate food and surfaces. About half a million people develop C. diff infections in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Many people develop it while theyre hospitalized for surgery or receiving care for other illnesses. C. diff infection most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long-term care facilities and usually results from the use of antibiotics. But research suggests rates of C. diff infection are increasing, and cases are being diagnosed in young, healthy individuals who havent used antibiotics and who havent been in a healthcare facility. Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 10 days after a person starts antibiotic treatment, though they can appear the same day you start antibiotics, or as much as two months later. But typically, those who develop mild to moderate C. diff infection experience the following symptoms: Watery diarrhea three or more times per day for two or more days, Fever above 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), Loss of appetite, Nausea, Abdominal pain and cramps. In severe cases, C. diff infection may cause: Watery diarrhea up to 15 times per day, Dehydration, Swollen abdomen, with severe cramping and pain, Elevated heart rate, Fever, Stool containing blood or pus, Nausea, Loss of appetite or weight loss, Liver or kidney failure, Increased white blood cell count. In general, you should talk to your doctor if youve started antibiotic treatment and experience three or more watery stools a day for more than two days, a new fever, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool. If diagnosed and treated promptly, C. diff usually resolves quickly. The fever that often comes with the infection typically goes away within two days, and diarrhea ends in two to four days. Some C. diff infections can become fatal in certain patients if not treated promptly, because of severe dehydration or damage to the colon or intestines. One in 6 people will get a C. diff infection again. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after a person stops taking antibiotics, but some occur two to three months later. If diagnosed and effectively treated with antibiotics, most cases of C. difficile resolve within two weeks.

• #83 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Once infected with C difficile, the rate of disease recurrence is 20-40% when using metronidazole and vancomycin antibiotics as first-line therapy. […] The NAP1 hypervirulent strain of C difficile is associated with the most serious sequelae of CDI, causing severe and fulminant colitis that is characterized by leukocytosis, renal failure, and toxic megacolon. […] Fulminant colitis is a rare form of CDI, occurring in only 3% of patients but accounting for most of the serious complications. These include toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, and death. […] The presence of all 3 factors resulted in a 57.1% mortality; in the absence of all 3, the mortality was 0%. […] Adverse outcomes from CDI include treatment failure, development of severe or severe-complicated infection, sepsis and the need for admission to the intensive care unit, need for colectomy, increased length of hospital stay, need for hospital admission in patients with community-acquired CDI, and mortality.

• #84 Long-lasting C. diff infections: A threat to the gut – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/long-lasting-c-diff-infections-a-threat-to-the-gut-202311012987

  However, about one in five people will suffer one or more recurrences and with each one, yet another recurrence becomes far likelier, Dr. Allegretti says. A repeat episode may happen because people haven’t disinfected their homes effectively. That leaves them open to reinfection with the same strain of C. diff while still vulnerable. […] When C. diff recurs, fecal microbial transplants (FMT) are considered the gold standard treatment. FMT transplants fecal matter from a healthy donor into a patient’s gut, placing it there using an endoscope, enema, or within an oral capsule.

• #85 Recovery & Support for Clostridium Difficile Infections | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/clostridium-difficile-infections/support

  People with Clostridium difficile infections typically recover within two weeks of starting antibiotic treatment. However, many people become reinfected and need additional therapy. Most recurrences happen one to three weeks after stopping antibiotic therapy, although some occur as long as two or three months later. […] If you experience a recurrence, NYU Langone gastroenterologists and infectious disease specialists offer additional medication to treat C. diff symptoms. […] Tell your doctor if diarrhea doesn’t go away by the time you’re finished with your antibiotic medication.

• #86 Recurrent C. Diff Infections – Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, Treatment

  https://guides.clarahealth.com/recurrent-c-diff-infections/

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon (colitis). C. diff infections are most common in individuals over the age of 65 who have been recently hospitalized or prescribed antibiotics. Recurrence is the greatest barrier to the treatment of C. diff infectionsindividuals who recover from C. diff infection once are much more likely to be infected again. Recurrences are most likely a week or two after successful treatment, but patients can experience recurrence two months or more after completing treatment. […] Symptoms of a repeat C. diff infection will mirror the symptoms of previous infections. Common symptoms: Watery diarrhea (at least 3 loose stools in 24 hours), Fever, Abdominal pain/tenderness, Loss of appetite. […] The rate of repeat infection varies from 5% to 50% among patients with a resolved first infectionthe recurrence rate varies according to risk factors like age, exposure to hospital environments, and an underlying disease like kidney failure. However, the typical recurrence rate among patients is approximately 20%. Among patients who have already experienced a C. diff infection twice, the rate of reinfection is approximately 45% to 65%.

• #87 Recurrent C. Diff Infections – Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, Treatment

  https://guides.clarahealth.com/recurrent-c-diff-infections/

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon (colitis). C. diff infections are most common in individuals over the age of 65 who have been recently hospitalized or prescribed antibiotics. Recurrence is the greatest barrier to the treatment of C. diff infectionsindividuals who recover from C. diff infection once are much more likely to be infected again. Recurrences are most likely a week or two after successful treatment, but patients can experience recurrence two months or more after completing treatment. […] Symptoms of a repeat C. diff infection will mirror the symptoms of previous infections. Common symptoms: Watery diarrhea (at least 3 loose stools in 24 hours), Fever, Abdominal pain/tenderness, Loss of appetite. […] The rate of repeat infection varies from 5% to 50% among patients with a resolved first infectionthe recurrence rate varies according to risk factors like age, exposure to hospital environments, and an underlying disease like kidney failure. However, the typical recurrence rate among patients is approximately 20%. Among patients who have already experienced a C. diff infection twice, the rate of reinfection is approximately 45% to 65%.

• #88 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] Once someone has had a CDI, the problem can keep coming back. Doctors call this recurrent CDI, or rCDI. The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #89 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] Once someone has had a CDI, the problem can keep coming back. Doctors call this recurrent CDI, or rCDI. The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #90 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] Once someone has had a CDI, the problem can keep coming back. Doctors call this recurrent CDI, or rCDI. The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #91 How to Prevent C. Diff Infection from Recurring

  https://www.healthline.com/health/preventing-c-diff-infection-from-recurring

  Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacteria that may lead to severe diarrhea and colon inflammation. Its often associated with taking antibiotics. […] Symptoms of C. diff recurrence are usually similar to your initial C. diff infection, including: diarrhea, abdominal pain or tenderness, nausea, lack of appetite, fever. […] Recurrence rates of C. diff are high. Once youve had a recurrence, your odds of experiencing another one increase. […] Risk factors such as older age, antibiotic use, gastric acid suppression, and a weakened immune system may increase the likelihood of C. diff recurrence.

• #92 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] Once someone has had a CDI, the problem can keep coming back. Doctors call this recurrent CDI, or rCDI. The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #93 How to Prevent C. Diff Infection from Recurring

  https://www.healthline.com/health/preventing-c-diff-infection-from-recurring

  Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacteria that may lead to severe diarrhea and colon inflammation. Its often associated with taking antibiotics. […] Symptoms of C. diff recurrence are usually similar to your initial C. diff infection, including: diarrhea, abdominal pain or tenderness, nausea, lack of appetite, fever. […] Recurrence rates of C. diff are high. Once youve had a recurrence, your odds of experiencing another one increase. […] Risk factors such as older age, antibiotic use, gastric acid suppression, and a weakened immune system may increase the likelihood of C. diff recurrence.

• #94 Recurrent C. diff symptoms: What they are, why it happens, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/signs-that-c-diff-is-coming-back-2

  Some people will get repeat infections from Clostridium difficile (C. diff). They may develop the same symptoms they had before such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. […] C. diff are bacteria that live almost everywhere in the environment. […] Doctors call this a CDI, and the common symptoms include: diarrhea, fever, stomach pain, loss of appetite, feeling sick. […] Someone with rCDI will usually experience the same symptoms they had the first time they had the infection. These may be mild or severe, depending on the person, and will usually include three or more bouts of diarrhea per day. […] C. diff bacteria can produce toxins that damage the gut and lead to various symptoms, including diarrhea and stomach pain. […] Once someone has had a CDI, the problem can keep coming back. Doctors call this recurrent CDI, or rCDI. The symptoms of each episode of CDI will be broadly similar and may include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. […] If a person has symptoms of a CDI, they should contact a doctor.

• #95 How to Prevent C. Diff Infection from Recurring

  https://www.healthline.com/health/preventing-c-diff-infection-from-recurring

  Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacteria that may lead to severe diarrhea and colon inflammation. Its often associated with taking antibiotics. […] Symptoms of C. diff recurrence are usually similar to your initial C. diff infection, including: diarrhea, abdominal pain or tenderness, nausea, lack of appetite, fever. […] Recurrence rates of C. diff are high. Once youve had a recurrence, your odds of experiencing another one increase. […] Risk factors such as older age, antibiotic use, gastric acid suppression, and a weakened immune system may increase the likelihood of C. diff recurrence.

• #96 Long-Term Side Effects From C. Diff

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/long-term-problems-c-diff-5218658

  Long-term problems after an infection with Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) include lingering symptoms and a return of the infection (recurrence). Severe infections cause more damage to the lining of your gut. While your colon takes longer to recover, you’re more likely to experience ongoing symptoms and repeat infections. […] The most common symptoms of a C. diff infection include: Diarrhea (often watery and with a strong odor), Abdominal pain and cramps, Nausea/vomiting, Fever, Belly tenderness or bloating (if severe infection). […] Most people recover from C. diff infection during the first course of treatment, while others may require additional medical interventions. Generally, the long-term effects of C. diff infection can be managed with support from your medical team. […] Even after recovery from CDI, some people continue to experience physical problems. Long-term problems after CDI include persistent symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, and poor sleep.

• #97 Can C. Diff Cause Long Term Problems?

  https://www.swintegrativemedicine.com/blog/can-c.-diff-cause-long-term-problems

  So does C. diff. cause long-term problems? Yes, it can if it’s not eradicated with that first or second round or antibiotics or goes unnoticed. You may have less severe symptoms than initially but it can still be there. […] They found that there’s much higher rates of digestive problems in people whom previously had a C. diff. infection. This lasted for up to 12 months following that original infection. […] There’s also more general digestive issues like IBS symptoms that can persist for even 24 months or possibly even a longer time period. […] It’s the persistence of that microbe and the overall long-term damage that happens from that microbe that creates this increased risk for ongoing problems.

• #98 Can C. Diff Cause Long Term Problems?

  https://www.swintegrativemedicine.com/blog/can-c.-diff-cause-long-term-problems

  So does C. diff. cause long-term problems? Yes, it can if it’s not eradicated with that first or second round or antibiotics or goes unnoticed. You may have less severe symptoms than initially but it can still be there. […] They found that there’s much higher rates of digestive problems in people whom previously had a C. diff. infection. This lasted for up to 12 months following that original infection. […] There’s also more general digestive issues like IBS symptoms that can persist for even 24 months or possibly even a longer time period. […] It’s the persistence of that microbe and the overall long-term damage that happens from that microbe that creates this increased risk for ongoing problems.

• #99 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #100 C. diff Infections | C. difficile | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/cdiffinfections.html

  C. diff is a bacterium that can cause diarrhea and more serious intestinal conditions such as colitis. It causes close to half a million illnesses each year. […] The symptoms of C. diff infections include: Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) or frequent bowel movements for several days, Fever, Stomach tenderness or pain, Loss of appetite, Nausea. […] Severe diarrhea causes you to lose a lot of fluids. This can put you at risk for dehydration.

• #101 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #102 C. diff (Clostridium difficile): Symptoms and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-c-diff

  C. diff is a type of bacteria that can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and tenderness. […] The main symptom of a C. diff infection is diarrhea. Other symptoms include: abdominal pain or cramps, nausea, fever, loss of appetite, dehydration, blood in stool (in severe cases). […] Symptoms of a C. diff infection can range from mild to severe. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends speaking with a doctor as a necessary step if your symptoms do not go away after 2 days. […] Get immediate treatment if you have severe abdominal pain or notice blood in your stool. […] If C. diff goes untreated, it may lead to severe dehydration, which can be life threatening. This is why its important to speak with a doctor about any symptoms you may be experiencing. […] Most C. diff infections respond well to a 10-day course of oral antibiotic treatment. In more severe cases, you may need an IV antibiotic in addition to oral antibiotic therapy.

• #103 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #104 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=custom.ab_clostridiumdifficle_inst_adult

  C. diff is a germ (bacteria) thats found in your surroundings, in soil, water, human or animal waste, or food. It lives in the intestine of some people. This germ can cause diarrhea and inflammation (irritation and swelling) of your intestine. […] Symptoms may include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever. As with any other type of infection some C. diff infections can become serious. […] Call your doctor or healthcare provider if you have: three (3) or more watery stools a day, symptoms last more than 2 days, a new fever, abdominal pain or cramping, blood in your stool.

• #105 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #106 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=custom.ab_clostridiumdifficle_inst_adult

  C. diff is a germ (bacteria) thats found in your surroundings, in soil, water, human or animal waste, or food. It lives in the intestine of some people. This germ can cause diarrhea and inflammation (irritation and swelling) of your intestine. […] Symptoms may include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever. As with any other type of infection some C. diff infections can become serious. […] Call your doctor or healthcare provider if you have: three (3) or more watery stools a day, symptoms last more than 2 days, a new fever, abdominal pain or cramping, blood in your stool.

• #107 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  C. difficile infection that is severe and sudden can cause the colon to become inflamed and get larger, called toxic megacolon. And it can cause a condition called sepsis where the body’s response to an infection damages its own tissues. […] Some people have loose stools during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. This may be caused by C. difficile infection. Make a health care appointment if you have: Three or more watery stools a day. Symptoms lasting more than two days. A new fever. Severe belly pain or cramping. Blood in your stool.

• #108 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) infection

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/Pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=custom.ab_clostridiumdifficle_inst_adult

  C. diff is a germ (bacteria) thats found in your surroundings, in soil, water, human or animal waste, or food. It lives in the intestine of some people. This germ can cause diarrhea and inflammation (irritation and swelling) of your intestine. […] Symptoms may include diarrhea, stomach cramps, and fever. As with any other type of infection some C. diff infections can become serious. […] Call your doctor or healthcare provider if you have: three (3) or more watery stools a day, symptoms last more than 2 days, a new fever, abdominal pain or cramping, blood in your stool.

• #109 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #110 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #111 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #112 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #113 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #114 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #115 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #116 C. diff Infection | Infectious Diseases

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/c-diff-infection

  A C. diff infection can make you very sick, but were here to provide the care you need. […] C. diff causes almost half a million infections each year in the U.S. alone. These infections can cause severe diarrhea and inflammation of your colon, which can be life-threatening. […] C. diff attacks your colon (large intestine), so symptoms are usually related to digestion. […] People who have a C. diff infection may experience: Abdominal (belly) pain, Fever, Nausea, Watery diarrhea three times a day or more. […] C. diff infections can quickly become serious, causing life-threatening dehydration or toxic megacolon (severe colon swelling). Seek emergency medical care if you notice: Bloody diarrhea, Confusion or irritability, Dizziness or fainting, Extreme thirst, Rapid heartbeat, Severe diarrhea that isn’t improving after 24 hours, Severe headache, Urinating much less than usual.

• #117 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) – AGA GI Patient Center

  https://patient-staging.gastro.org/clostridioides-difficile-c-diff/

  Clostridioides difficile, or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea, watery diarrhea, stomach pain and stomach cramps that may be severe. […] The symptoms often start with: Watery diarrhea (very liquid stool) three or more times a day for more than two days. Belly pain and cramps. Mild to moderate nausea. Loss of appetite (not feeling hungry). […] In more serious cases, symptoms may be: Watery diarrhea as often as 15 times per day. Severe belly pain and cramping. Dehydration. Fever. Weight loss. […] Unfortunately about 25% of people with C. diff who are treated correctly with an antibiotic will have a repeat of the same symptoms because the infection has not gone away. Of those people, 45% will get C. diff again. […] If you get diarrhea within a few days of being admitted to, or released from, a hospital, or within two months of taking an antibiotic, and you have had three or more bouts of diarrhea in 24 hours, C. diff may be the reason. […] Severe C. diff can be dangerous, as it can cause rapid dehydration (fluid loss). If you get dehydrated really fast, it can impact your organs and cause your blood pressure to be dangerously low, damage your kidneys and lead to kidney failure.

• #118 C. Diff Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/clostridium-difficile-colitis

  If your diarrhea from C. diff is very severe, get medical help quickly. Severe diarrhea can lead to life-threatening dehydration. […] Clostridioides difficile is a very contagious bacterial infection that causes symptoms such as frequent watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, nausea, fever, blood in your stool, and a rapid heartbeat. C. diff usually occurs after a course of certain antibiotics, known as broad-spectrum antibiotics, which kill good and bad bacteria in your gut and allow C. diff to take over. Severe C. diff can cause serious complications. If you’ve recently taken a course of antibiotics, see your doctor if you have watery diarrhea for more than a couple of days, develop a fever, or have severe cramping and abdominal pain.

• #119 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus that is responsible for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis. C difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage. […] CDI commonly manifests as mild to moderate diarrhea, occasionally with abdominal cramping. Pseudomembranes (adherent, yellowish white plaques on the intestinal mucosa) are occasionally observed. In rare cases, patients with CDI can present with an acute abdomen and fulminant, life-threatening colitis. […] The diagnosis of C difficile colitis should be suspected in any patient with diarrhea who has received antibiotics within the previous 3 months, has been recently hospitalized, and/or has an occurrence of diarrhea 48 hours or more after hospitalization.

• #120 Reddit – The heart of the internet

  https://www.reddit.com/r/cdifficile/comments/emv1rp/so_youve_been_diagnosed_with_c_difficile_what_now/

  Clostridium Difficile (c. diff or c. difficile) is a sporulating bacteria. […] The symptoms of C. diff infection include diarrhea, usually watery with an unusually foul smell, nausea, acid reflux, vomiting, metallic or strange taste in mouth, fever, chills, fatigue, abdominal pain, and blood and/or mucus in stool. […] Some strains are very aggressive and release toxins faster than others. […] When C. diff does germinate, some strains release toxins which cause moderate to severe symptoms. […] The only way to know if you have C. diff is to get tested. C. diff cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. […] If you’re experiencing severe symptoms or cannot stay hydrated, go to the hospital or urgent care clinic and demand a C. diff toxin test. […] The cause is also the cure. Ironically, the first line of treatment for C. diff involves taking antibiotics.

• #121 Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services

  https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/disease/clostridioides-difficile.htm

  C. difficile can affect anyone, but those taking antibiotics are most at risk for infection. […] Some C. difficile infections can be life threatening. […] Symptoms of C. difficile infection include: Diarrhea. Fever. Stomach tenderness or pain. Loss of appetite. Nausea. […] Common complications of C. difficile infection include dehydration and inflammation of the colon. Rarely, C. difficile can cause severe complications including serious intestinal conditions, sepsis, or death. […] A laboratory test is required to diagnose C. difficile infection. Most people with C. difficile infections require a specific type of antibiotic to treat it.

• #122 About C. diff | C. diff | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/about/index.html

  C. diff is a germ that causes diarrhea and colitis (an inflammation of the colon) and can be life-threatening. […] C. diff is estimated to cause almost half a million infections in the United States each year. […] Symptoms include diarrhea, fever, stomach tenderness or pain, loss of appetite, and nausea. […] Developing diarrhea is common while on or after taking antibiotics. Only in a few cases is that diarrhea caused by C. diff infection. […] If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of C. diff infection, contact a healthcare professional. […] Treatment for C. diff infection usually involves taking a specific antibiotic such as vancomycin or fidaxomicin for at least 10 days. […] Some people get C. diff infection over and over again.

• #123 Why Is C. Diff So Dangerous? C. Diff Awareness Month | Sepsis Alliance

  https://www.sepsis.org/news/why-is-c-diff-so-dangerous-c-diff-awareness-month/

  Severe colitis can lead to a condition called toxic megacolon or toxic colitis. This can cause bleeding, a perforation in the colon wall (perforated bowel) and septic shock. […] According to the Peggy Lillis Foundation, C. diff infections killed almost 30,000 people in the U.S. in 2011, the latest numbers available. […] About 20% of patients see their symptoms disappear just a few days after they stop taking the antibiotic that caused it in the first place. The other 80% need active treatment. […] It may seem odd to treat a condition caused by antibiotics with more antibiotics, but since Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium, antibiotics are the only way to treat the infection. […] If someone is diagnosed with C. diff or you suspect you or a loved one may have one, isolation is important to keep the infection from spreading. […] If you do have a C. diff infection, watch for signs of sepsis. If you think you may have sepsis, seek help immediately by going to your closest emergency room or calling 911.

• #124 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by SHEA/IDSA

  https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/clostridium-difficile/

  Patients with suspected CDI should be placed on preemptive contact precautions pending the C. difficile test results if test results cannot be obtained on the same day. […] Continue contact precautions for at least 48 hours after diarrhea has resolved. […] Healthcare personnel must use gloves and gowns on entry to a room of a patient with CDI and while caring for patients with CDI. […] For fulminant CDI, vancomycin administered orally is the regimen of choice. […] If ileus is present, vancomycin can also be administered per rectum. […] For children with an initial episode of severe CDI, oral vancomycin is recommended over metronidazole. […] Fecal microbiota transplantation is recommended for patients with multiple recurrences of CDI who have failed appropriate antibiotic treatments. […] There are insufficient data at this time to recommend extending the length of anti-C. difficile treatment beyond the recommended treatment course or restarting an anti-C. difficile agent empirically for patients who require continued antibiotic therapy directed against the underlying infection or who require retreatment with antibiotics shortly after completion of CDI treatment.

• #125 Long-lasting C. diff infections: A threat to the gut – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/long-lasting-c-diff-infections-a-threat-to-the-gut-202311012987

  However, about one in five people will suffer one or more recurrences and with each one, yet another recurrence becomes far likelier, Dr. Allegretti says. A repeat episode may happen because people haven’t disinfected their homes effectively. That leaves them open to reinfection with the same strain of C. diff while still vulnerable. […] When C. diff recurs, fecal microbial transplants (FMT) are considered the gold standard treatment. FMT transplants fecal matter from a healthy donor into a patient’s gut, placing it there using an endoscope, enema, or within an oral capsule.

• #126 C. difficile infection – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/c-difficile/symptoms-causes/syc-20351691

  Clostridioides difficile (klos-TRID-e-oi-deez dif-uh-SEEL) is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, the longest part of the large intestine. Symptoms can range from diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. […] Symptoms often begin within 5 to 10 days after starting an antibiotic. But symptoms can occur as soon as the first day or up to three months later. […] The most common symptoms of mild to moderate C. difficile infection are: Watery diarrhea three or more times a day for more than one day. Mild belly cramping and tenderness. […] People who have a severe C. difficile infection tend to lose too much bodily fluid, a condition called dehydration. They might need to be treated in a hospital for dehydration. C. difficile infection can cause the colon to become inflamed. It sometimes can form patches of raw tissue that can bleed or make pus. Symptoms of severe infection include: Watery diarrhea as often as 10 to 15 times a day. Belly cramping and pain, which may be severe. Fast heart rate. Loss of fluids, called dehydration. Fever. Nausea. Increased white blood cell count. Kidney failure. Loss of appetite. Swollen belly. Weight loss. Blood or pus in the stool.

• #127 C. diff Infection: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15548-c-diff-infection

  C. diff infection causes watery diarrhea, sometimes bloody. C. diff infection causes frequent diarrhea and related symptoms. The most common symptom, and usually the first to appear, is watery diarrhea. A mild infection will cause diarrhea at least three times a day, often with some abdominal cramping. […] As C. diff infection becomes more severe, diarrhea increases. It may occur as much as 10 to 15 times a day. You may notice traces of blood in your poop or other symptoms, like persistent abdominal pain, swollen, distended abdomen, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and rapid heart rate. […] C. diff symptoms may resemble food poisoning or stomach flu at first. If you’re taking antibiotics, it’s possible to mistake C. diff diarrhea for a normal side effect of medication. […] But sometimes, C. diff infections can occur without diarrhea.

• #128 Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) – AGA GI Patient Center

  https://patient-staging.gastro.org/clostridioides-difficile-c-diff/

  Clostridioides difficile, or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, like nausea, watery diarrhea, stomach pain and stomach cramps that may be severe. […] The symptoms often start with: Watery diarrhea (very liquid stool) three or more times a day for more than two days. Belly pain and cramps. Mild to moderate nausea. Loss of appetite (not feeling hungry). […] In more serious cases, symptoms may be: Watery diarrhea as often as 15 times per day. Severe belly pain and cramping. Dehydration. Fever. Weight loss. […] Unfortunately about 25% of people with C. diff who are treated correctly with an antibiotic will have a repeat of the same symptoms because the infection has not gone away. Of those people, 45% will get C. diff again. […] If you get diarrhea within a few days of being admitted to, or released from, a hospital, or within two months of taking an antibiotic, and you have had three or more bouts of diarrhea in 24 hours, C. diff may be the reason. […] Severe C. diff can be dangerous, as it can cause rapid dehydration (fluid loss). If you get dehydrated really fast, it can impact your organs and cause your blood pressure to be dangerously low, damage your kidneys and lead to kidney failure.

• #129 Clostridioides (Clostridium) Difficile Colitis: Background, Etiology, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186458-overview

  Once infected with C difficile, the rate of disease recurrence is 20-40% when using metronidazole and vancomycin antibiotics as first-line therapy. […] The NAP1 hypervirulent strain of C difficile is associated with the most serious sequelae of CDI, causing severe and fulminant colitis that is characterized by leukocytosis, renal failure, and toxic megacolon. […] Fulminant colitis is a rare form of CDI, occurring in only 3% of patients but accounting for most of the serious complications. These include toxic megacolon, colonic perforation, and death. […] The presence of all 3 factors resulted in a 57.1% mortality; in the absence of all 3, the mortality was 0%. […] Adverse outcomes from CDI include treatment failure, development of severe or severe-complicated infection, sepsis and the need for admission to the intensive care unit, need for colectomy, increased length of hospital stay, need for hospital admission in patients with community-acquired CDI, and mortality.

• #130 Recurrent C. Diff Infections – Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, Treatment

  https://guides.clarahealth.com/recurrent-c-diff-infections/

  C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and inflammation of the colon (colitis). C. diff infections are most common in individuals over the age of 65 who have been recently hospitalized or prescribed antibiotics. Recurrence is the greatest barrier to the treatment of C. diff infectionsindividuals who recover from C. diff infection once are much more likely to be infected again. Recurrences are most likely a week or two after successful treatment, but patients can experience recurrence two months or more after completing treatment. […] Symptoms of a repeat C. diff infection will mirror the symptoms of previous infections. Common symptoms: Watery diarrhea (at least 3 loose stools in 24 hours), Fever, Abdominal pain/tenderness, Loss of appetite. […] The rate of repeat infection varies from 5% to 50% among patients with a resolved first infectionthe recurrence rate varies according to risk factors like age, exposure to hospital environments, and an underlying disease like kidney failure. However, the typical recurrence rate among patients is approximately 20%. Among patients who have already experienced a C. diff infection twice, the rate of reinfection is approximately 45% to 65%.

• #131 Pseudomembranous colitis – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pseudomembranous-colitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351434

  Pseudomembranous colitis is inflammation of the colon associated with an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) often called C. diff. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis may include: Watery diarrhea. Stomach cramps, pain or tenderness. Fever. Pus or mucus in the stool. Nausea. Dehydration. […] Symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis can begin as soon as 1 to 2 days after you start taking an antibiotic, or as long as several months or longer after you finish taking the antibiotic. […] Even mild to moderate C. difficile infections can quickly progress to fatal disease if not treated quickly.