Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nipple Discharge: Color, Causes, What It Means & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21014-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can be normal in women. Its always abnormal in men. Hormones, lactation or sexual arousal can be normal causes for nipple discharge. Abnormal causes could be from tumors, infection or rarely, breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is always abnormal in men. […] Healthcare providers consider nipple discharge abnormal when it occurs spontaneously (not caused by breast stimulation), is bloody or only occurs in one breast. Health conditions that may cause abnormal nipple discharge include: Papilloma (noncancerous breast tumor), Breast infection or abscess, Mammary duct ectasia, Severe underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Pituitary gland tumor, Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast), Cancerous breast tumor (in rare cases), Pagets disease of the breast. […] Yes. There are studies that show stress causes nipple discharge. This is due to increases in the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for lactation.

• #2 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Spontaneous nipple discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding is considered abnormal. In most cases it has a non-cancerous (benign) cause. Spontaneous nipple discharge that is caused by disease (pathology) in the breast is more likely to be from one breast only (unilateral), confined to a single duct, and clear or blood-stained in appearance. […] There are many causes of nipple discharge. These include: […] Duct ectasia is a non-cancerous (benign) condition in which the milk ducts under the nipple enlarge and there is inflammation in the walls of the ducts.

• #3 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #4 Breast Nipple Discharge – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430938/

  Nipple discharge is fluid that leaks from one or both nipples of non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding women. Nipple discharge can at times be a complex diagnostic challenge for clinicians since it can be completely benign and due to excessive nipple stimulation, or can be a manifestation of a wide variety of diseases. […] The majority of all nipple discharges are benign in etiology (97%). […] Causes of Physiologic Nipple Discharge include pregnancy, lactation, postpartum galactorrhea, fibrocystic changes of the breast, hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle, duct ectasia, and intraductal papilloma. […] Causes of Pathologic Nipple Discharge include infection (periductal mastitis), breast abscess, neoplastic process of the breasts, pituitary tumor/prolactinoma, thoracic/breast trauma, systemic disease/endocrinopathies that elevate prolactin level, and a side effect of medications that inhibit dopamine secretion.

• #5 Nipple discharge – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge can be physiological or pathological. Physiological discharge is typically bilateral, multiductal, with a milky appearance; causes include lactation and galactorrhea. Pathological discharge is typically unilateral, uniductal, nonmilky, and spontaneous. Although most causes of pathological nonmilky nipple discharge are benign (e.g., intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia), malignancy is an important consideration. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. […] Lactation: discharge related to pregnancy or breastfeeding. […] Galactorrhea: discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breastfeeding. […] Caused by physiological, pharmacological, pathological or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. […] Benign breast conditions: Intraductal papilloma (most common), Mammary duct ectasia, Fibrocystic breast changes, Breast abscess. […] Malignancy; (515% of cases): most commonly ductal carcinoma in situ. […] Intraductal papilloma is the most common cause of pathological nipple discharge accounting for up to 58% of cases.

• #6 Nipple Discharge Screening

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/713539

  Nipple discharge is a common complaint among women. It is classified as normal or abnormal depending on features such as laterality, cycle variation, quantity, color or presentation (i.e., induced vs spontaneous). It can be related to benign conditions, such as intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, plasma cell mastitis or galactorrhea; or to malignant conditions such as ductal, lobular or papillary carcinoma. […] Although most nipple discharge is due to a benign etiology, approximately 7-15% is due to breast carcinoma. […] Not all nipple discharges are abnormal. Therefore, it is necessary to categorize it as normal (i.e., causally connected to lactation and not related to an underlying histologic abnormality) or abnormal, or to attribute it to galactorrhea according to history and physical examination.

• #7 Breast Nipple Discharge – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430938/

  Nipple discharge is fluid that leaks from one or both nipples of non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding women. Nipple discharge can at times be a complex diagnostic challenge for clinicians since it can be completely benign and due to excessive nipple stimulation, or can be a manifestation of a wide variety of diseases. […] The majority of all nipple discharges are benign in etiology (97%). […] Causes of Physiologic Nipple Discharge include pregnancy, lactation, postpartum galactorrhea, fibrocystic changes of the breast, hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle, duct ectasia, and intraductal papilloma. […] Causes of Pathologic Nipple Discharge include infection (periductal mastitis), breast abscess, neoplastic process of the breasts, pituitary tumor/prolactinoma, thoracic/breast trauma, systemic disease/endocrinopathies that elevate prolactin level, and a side effect of medications that inhibit dopamine secretion.

• #8 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge means any fluid that comes out of a breast nipple. […] Nipple discharge during pregnancy and breast-feeding is typical. At other times, it may not be cause for worry. But it’s good to have a healthcare professional examine your breasts if the nipple discharge is a new symptom. Men who ever have nipple discharge should have a medical exam. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if:

• #9 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Milky-white discharge is often caused by hormonal changes, like pregnancy or stopping breastfeeding. […] Fibrocystic breast changes or blocked ducts sometimes lead to brown nipple discharge. […] Changes in your hormone levels can cause many effects on your body, including nipple discharge. […] Discharge related to hormone changes is sometimes milky-white, but it can also be brown, green or yellow. […] When hormones are the cause, nipple discharge often affects both breasts. […] Many people have changes in their breasts that follow their menstrual cycle. […] Even early in pregnancy, hormone changes in your body may lead to nipple discharge. […] Galactorrhea is a medical term used anytime your breasts are making milk or milky discharge that isnt related to breastfeeding, usually due to higher-than-normal levels of the hormone prolactin.

• #10 Types of Nipple Discharge: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis | Medanta | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/types-of-nipple-discharge-causes-and-symptoms

  Taking hormonal medicines such as sedatives and birth control pills can also cause milk discharge from the nipples. […] In the case of pregnancy, many women are prone to witness a light-yellow colour and thin pre-breast milk discharge from their nipples. […] Normal hormonal variations, such as the change in prolactin levels, and menstruation, can also cause nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge may also result due to breast infection, which can result in a yellow-green colour pus-like discharge. […] Mammary duct ectasia is a medical condition that usually occurs during menopause or perimenopause, which causes blocked milk ducts. […] Though rare and uncommon, it is a type of breast cancer that causes a bloody discharge. […] In some cases, a nipple discharge may be an early warning symptom of breast cancer. […] Galactorrhoea occurs due to an increased prolactin level.

• #11 Causes Of Nipple Discharge In Men And Women

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/causes-nipple-discharge-men-women

  Did you know that unexplained and sudden discharge from the nipple is the third most common reason why women see their primary care professionals for breast related disorders? […] Although discharge from nipple is a common condition that affects both males and females, it does not always indicate an emergency or organic condition. […] Several underlying disorders may present with discharge from nipple; some are physiological, others are pathological. […] Some physiological causes include; Breast feeding: Milky discharge is very common in women who have just started or just stopped breastfeeding. However, some women may experience milky nipple discharge 2-3 years after stopping lactation. […] Pathological Causes Of Nipple Discharge include: Formation of abscess (characterized by accumulation of pus in the tissue pockets), History of trauma or injury to the breasts, Infectious disorders of breast, Some endocrinological disorders, Inflammation of periductal glands (also known as mastitis), Some tumors of pituitary gland (prolactinoma), Thickening and widening of milk duct under the nipple (also known as mammary duct ectasia), Fibrocystic disease of breast (characterized by the formation of irregular cysts), Cancers of breast (such as Paget’s disease of mammary glands), Adverse effect of some contraceptives or birth control pills.

• #12 Hormones and Breast Discharge: Causes of Different Colors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/benign-nipple-discharge-430412

  Nipple discharge is very common and rarely dangerous. […] Hormones can cause normal breast discharge that’s related or unrelated to pregnancy. Common hormonal causes of nipple discharge include: Normal hormonal shifts (e.g., menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, pregnancy loss), Hormonal medication side effects (e.g., birth control pills), Hormone-related health conditions (e.g., pituitary gland problems). […] Common hormonal causes of breast discharge include: Menstrual cycle changes (e.g., during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods of life), Pregnancy and lactation, Galactorrhea, Certain medical conditions that affect hormone levels, Hormonal medications. […] Normal fluctuations in estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle can lead to breast tissue changes and nipple discharge.

• #13 Normal vs. Abnormal Nipple Discharge: Key Differences and Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/women/breast-nipple-discharge

  A nipple discharge in men or those assigned male at birth is more of a concern. If you have this, see your doctor. […] Causes of a normal nipple discharge include: […] A number of noncancerous conditions can cause a nipple discharge. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. […] Galactorrhea. This describes a condition in which you secrete milk or a milky nipple discharge even though you’re not breastfeeding. […] Infection. A nipple discharge that contains pus may mean there’s an infection in your breast. […] Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of an abnormal nipple discharge. […] Intraductal papillomas. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. […] Most nipple discharge is either normal or caused by a benign medical condition. […] One form of breast cancer that may cause a breast discharge is intraductal carcinoma. […] Another rare form of breast cancer that may result in a nipple discharge is Paget’s disease. […] A discharge that’s clear or bloody can be a sign of breast cancer.

• #14 Nipple Discharge | Understanding Clear & Bloody Nipple Discharge

  https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/nipple-discharge

  Liver or kidney disease can cause elevated prolactin, leading to milky nipple discharge. […] Injury, infection, or surgery of the chest wall can cause abnormal signaling that results in high prolactin and nipple discharge. […] Abnormalities, such as growths or blockages, of one or more of the ducts that transport milk to the surface of the nipple can cause discharge. […] An infection can cause nipple discharge filled with pus. […] Rarely, nipple discharge can be a sign of cancer in the breast. […] Hyperprolactinemia means the pituitary gland secretes too much prolactin, the hormone responsible for producing milk in a new mother. […] It can be caused by pregnancy; by an ovulatory disorder; by some psychiatric medications; or by a prolactin-secreting tumor of the pituitary (prolactinoma).

• #15 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Eczema or dermatitis which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breast feeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #16 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #17

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  Nipple discharge is recognized as the third most common breast symptom, following breast pain and lumps. Although it is related to benign diseases mainly, an incidence of 5% to 12% associated with breast carcinoma still occurs. […] The dominating etiology of incurring Pathologic Nipple Discharge (PND) is a benign papilloma, with an incidence of 52%-57%. Duct ectasia is another of the most common benign causes of PND, representing approximately 14%- 33% of the cases, while breast cancers such as Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) take up 5%-15% of cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In addition, breast infections, including periductal mastitis and breast abscess, are also incurring etiologies. […] Pathological Nipple Discharge (PND) is a breast-related diseases most significant aberrant symptom. It is characterized by sanguineous, blood-stained, or serous-like (transparent or colored) fluid secretory production rather than regular milk lactation with the occurrence unilaterally within a single duct orifice of the nipple.

• #18

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  The common etiologies with which it correlates are described below: Intraductal Papilloma (IDP): The benign papillary tumor is the most common cause of PND, especially for non-pregnant or nonpuerperal females with the apparent indications of presenting sanguineous discharge without the palpable mass. […] Duct ectasia: Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is the second most common benign etiology causing PND, which can be present in 15% to 20% of the patients who have suffered from nipple discharge. […] Breast carcinoma: DCIS is a heterogeneous group of intraductal tumors forming neoplastic lesions from the lining of breast mammary ducts and lobules. Sometimes DCIS occurs together with PND. However, it is the least likely incurring cause among the three primary etiologies for PND, and particularly concomitant with a palpable mass, PND may thus be regarded as an alarm sign which is of significance in cancer detection. […] Breast infection: Infectious diseases linked to PND mainly concern breast periductal mastitis and abscess formation. The clinical indications are multi-colored discharge, swelling, redness or tenderness, and even fever in some cases.

• #19

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge may also be due to hormonal changes and fibrocystic breast changes. […] There are many cause of nipple discharge in addition to pregnancy and breastfeeding. They include: breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), abscess or infection, hormone replacement therapy and hormonal birth control, excessive breast stimulation, fibrocystic breast changes, such as breast lumps, breast cysts, and breast pain, injury or trauma to the breast, intraductal papilloma, galactorrhea, hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, medications, mammary duct ectasia, pagets disease of the breast, mastitis and periductal mastitis, prolactinoma. […] Most causes of nipple discharge are benign (non-cancerous). The most common cause of nipple discharge is intraductal papilloma, a small, benign tumor in the milk duct. This condition is likely to cause bloody discharge from the nipple.

• #20

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  Nipple discharge is recognized as the third most common breast symptom, following breast pain and lumps. Although it is related to benign diseases mainly, an incidence of 5% to 12% associated with breast carcinoma still occurs. […] The dominating etiology of incurring Pathologic Nipple Discharge (PND) is a benign papilloma, with an incidence of 52%-57%. Duct ectasia is another of the most common benign causes of PND, representing approximately 14%- 33% of the cases, while breast cancers such as Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) take up 5%-15% of cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In addition, breast infections, including periductal mastitis and breast abscess, are also incurring etiologies. […] Pathological Nipple Discharge (PND) is a breast-related diseases most significant aberrant symptom. It is characterized by sanguineous, blood-stained, or serous-like (transparent or colored) fluid secretory production rather than regular milk lactation with the occurrence unilaterally within a single duct orifice of the nipple.

• #21

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  The common etiologies with which it correlates are described below: Intraductal Papilloma (IDP): The benign papillary tumor is the most common cause of PND, especially for non-pregnant or nonpuerperal females with the apparent indications of presenting sanguineous discharge without the palpable mass. […] Duct ectasia: Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is the second most common benign etiology causing PND, which can be present in 15% to 20% of the patients who have suffered from nipple discharge. […] Breast carcinoma: DCIS is a heterogeneous group of intraductal tumors forming neoplastic lesions from the lining of breast mammary ducts and lobules. Sometimes DCIS occurs together with PND. However, it is the least likely incurring cause among the three primary etiologies for PND, and particularly concomitant with a palpable mass, PND may thus be regarded as an alarm sign which is of significance in cancer detection. […] Breast infection: Infectious diseases linked to PND mainly concern breast periductal mastitis and abscess formation. The clinical indications are multi-colored discharge, swelling, redness or tenderness, and even fever in some cases.

• #22 When nipple discharge is normal and when it isn’t | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/when-nipple-discharge-is-normal-and-when-it-s-not

  Nipple discharge is physiological and completely normal. It is common to have clear, milky or even greenish discharge throughout your reproductive years. […] Most of the time, breast discharge is not serious, but there are times when it can be a sign of breast cancer or that something isn’t as it should be. […] The following are some possible benign (non-cancerous) causes of nipple discharge: Hormone changes: normal changes in hormone levels, such as those that occur during menstruation may cause nipple discharge. […] Dilated milk ducts: ectasia is the term used to describe a condition where the milk ducts in the breast widens and the walls thicken. The duct then becomes blocked and fluid builds up. It most affects women that are nearing menopause and after menopause. This discharge can be green, brown and sometimes even black and very thick.

• #23 Nipple discharge | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/non-cancerous-conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from one or both nipples. It is normal after a woman gives birth because her breasts are making milk for the baby. Nipple discharge may be a concern when it: […] Nipple discharge is usually due to a benign condition. Discharge from one nipple is more likely to be caused by a problem in that breast. Discharge from both nipples is more likely to be caused by something outside of the breast, such as an endocrine gland problem. Have your doctor check any nipple discharge. […] The discharge can look different depending on what causes it. Clear or bloody discharge, often from one nipple, may be caused by a non-cancerous tumour called intraductal papilloma. Thick or sticky discharge that is green, greenish brown or reddish brown may be caused by a non-cancerous condition called mammary duct ectasia. Yellow and foul-smelling pus may be caused by a breast infection. Milky white discharge from both breasts may be caused by some medicines or endocrine gland problems. […] Treatment for nipple discharge will depend on what is causing it. Treatment options may include: medications to treat hormone or endocrine gland problems, antibiotics for breast infections, and draining any pus collecting in the breast (abscess), surgery to remove a duct.

• #24

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  The common etiologies with which it correlates are described below: Intraductal Papilloma (IDP): The benign papillary tumor is the most common cause of PND, especially for non-pregnant or nonpuerperal females with the apparent indications of presenting sanguineous discharge without the palpable mass. […] Duct ectasia: Mammary duct ectasia (MDE) is the second most common benign etiology causing PND, which can be present in 15% to 20% of the patients who have suffered from nipple discharge. […] Breast carcinoma: DCIS is a heterogeneous group of intraductal tumors forming neoplastic lesions from the lining of breast mammary ducts and lobules. Sometimes DCIS occurs together with PND. However, it is the least likely incurring cause among the three primary etiologies for PND, and particularly concomitant with a palpable mass, PND may thus be regarded as an alarm sign which is of significance in cancer detection. […] Breast infection: Infectious diseases linked to PND mainly concern breast periductal mastitis and abscess formation. The clinical indications are multi-colored discharge, swelling, redness or tenderness, and even fever in some cases.

• #25 Normal vs. Abnormal Nipple Discharge: Key Differences and Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/women/breast-nipple-discharge

  A nipple discharge in men or those assigned male at birth is more of a concern. If you have this, see your doctor. […] Causes of a normal nipple discharge include: […] A number of noncancerous conditions can cause a nipple discharge. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. […] Galactorrhea. This describes a condition in which you secrete milk or a milky nipple discharge even though you’re not breastfeeding. […] Infection. A nipple discharge that contains pus may mean there’s an infection in your breast. […] Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of an abnormal nipple discharge. […] Intraductal papillomas. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. […] Most nipple discharge is either normal or caused by a benign medical condition. […] One form of breast cancer that may cause a breast discharge is intraductal carcinoma. […] Another rare form of breast cancer that may result in a nipple discharge is Paget’s disease. […] A discharge that’s clear or bloody can be a sign of breast cancer.

• #26 Types of Nipple Discharge: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis | Medanta | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/types-of-nipple-discharge-causes-and-symptoms

  Nipple discharge can cause a fluid or any other liquid to come out of your nipples. […] In most cases, nipple discharges are not a serious cause of concern, but in some cases, they may even result in breast cancer. […] A blood discharge from the nipples can be caused due to papilloma, which is a type of non-cancerous tumor. It can cause breast irritation, and in rare cases, bloody discharge may also occur due to breast cancer. […] A green-coloured nipple discharge may result due to the presence of a cyst beneath the areola or nipple. […] When a woman is pregnant or is a lactating mother, breast milk is prone to leak causing a nipple discharge. But breast discharge may also occur due to other reasons. […] If you have lumpy or painful breast tissues, it is possibly a sign of fibrocystic breasts or you are about to enter the premenopausal stage.

• #27 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Eczema or dermatitis which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breast feeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #28

  https://www.breastunit.com.au/nipple-discharge

  Duct Papilloma: A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Nipple Eczema: Eczema or dermatitis, or even hydradenitis suppurativa which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast Cancer: Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets Disease of the Nipple: Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Hormonal Causes: Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Drugs and Medication: Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #29 What Causes Nipple Discharge?

  https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/qdtarchive/what-causes-nipple-discharge/

  Trauma and Breast Manipulation: Sometimes trauma to the chest, like a steering wheel injury in a car accident, can injure the milk ducts and produce nipple discharge. […] Lactation and Postpartum: Women who have just given birth–whether or not they are breast feeding–will produce milk. […] Hormonal Abnormalities: Very rarely, thyroid disorders can cause a hormonal imbalance that causes nipple discharge. […] Pituitary Tumor: Another less common cause of nipple discharge is a pituitary tumor. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy itself increases prolactin levels and can cause benign nipple discharge. […] Stress: Believe it or not, there are some studies that show elevated stress levels, whether they are psychologic or physiologic, can cause elevated prolactin. […] Medications: Medications aren’t always without side effects.

• #30 Nipple Discharge | Understanding Clear & Bloody Nipple Discharge

  https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/nipple-discharge

  Liver or kidney disease can cause elevated prolactin, leading to milky nipple discharge. […] Injury, infection, or surgery of the chest wall can cause abnormal signaling that results in high prolactin and nipple discharge. […] Abnormalities, such as growths or blockages, of one or more of the ducts that transport milk to the surface of the nipple can cause discharge. […] An infection can cause nipple discharge filled with pus. […] Rarely, nipple discharge can be a sign of cancer in the breast. […] Hyperprolactinemia means the pituitary gland secretes too much prolactin, the hormone responsible for producing milk in a new mother. […] It can be caused by pregnancy; by an ovulatory disorder; by some psychiatric medications; or by a prolactin-secreting tumor of the pituitary (prolactinoma).

• #31 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea occurs due to high levels of Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which initiates lactation. […] Various health conditions can lead to breast milky discharge. However, in some cases the real cause cant be determined and the condition may resolve on its own. […] Prolactinoma a benign type of tumor that affects the pituitary gland. It is one of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia. […] Head trauma as the pituitary gland is settles in an osseous space on the skull base, it can be easily damaged during head trauma. […] Medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, H2 antagonists, etc. […] Hypothyroidism. […] Liver diseases like liver cirrhosis may increase the levels of prolactin due to poor elimination.

• #32 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #33 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea causes a milk-like discharge to leak from your nipple. It’s unrelated to lactation. […] Galactorrhea sometimes indicates an underlying health condition, but is most often caused by too much prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that triggers milk production. […] The most common cause of galactorrhea is a benign (not cancerous) tumor on your pituitary gland. The tumor causes your pituitary gland to make too much prolactin (hyperprolactinemia). […] Other causes include: Taking medications including birth control pills, blood pressure medicine or antidepressants. […] Galactorrhea is a highly treatable condition. […] If your galactorrhea is caused by a tumor on your pituitary gland, it’s typically a noncancerous tumor that responds well to treatment. […] The milk that leaks from your breasts when you have galactorrhea is considered milk because it’s produced by the same hormone (prolactin) that makes breastmilk in women who’ve just given birth.

• #34 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Eczema or dermatitis which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breast feeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #35 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea causes a milk-like discharge to leak from your nipple. It’s unrelated to lactation. […] Galactorrhea sometimes indicates an underlying health condition, but is most often caused by too much prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that triggers milk production. […] The most common cause of galactorrhea is a benign (not cancerous) tumor on your pituitary gland. The tumor causes your pituitary gland to make too much prolactin (hyperprolactinemia). […] Other causes include: Taking medications including birth control pills, blood pressure medicine or antidepressants. […] Galactorrhea is a highly treatable condition. […] If your galactorrhea is caused by a tumor on your pituitary gland, it’s typically a noncancerous tumor that responds well to treatment. […] The milk that leaks from your breasts when you have galactorrhea is considered milk because it’s produced by the same hormone (prolactin) that makes breastmilk in women who’ve just given birth.

• #36 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea occurs due to high levels of Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which initiates lactation. […] Various health conditions can lead to breast milky discharge. However, in some cases the real cause cant be determined and the condition may resolve on its own. […] Prolactinoma a benign type of tumor that affects the pituitary gland. It is one of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia. […] Head trauma as the pituitary gland is settles in an osseous space on the skull base, it can be easily damaged during head trauma. […] Medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, H2 antagonists, etc. […] Hypothyroidism. […] Liver diseases like liver cirrhosis may increase the levels of prolactin due to poor elimination.

• #37 Nipple Discharge | Understanding Clear & Bloody Nipple Discharge

  https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/nipple-discharge

  Breast discharge can be caused by normal and abnormal hormonal changes. Pregnancy and breastfeeding are normal hormonal changes that can cause milky nipple discharge. Cancerous and non cancerous breast conditions can also cause discharge from the nipples. […] An elevated level of prolactin, the hormone that stimulates lactation, can cause the production of breast milk. […] Certain medical conditions and medications can cause elevated prolactin in the absence of pregnancy or breastfeeding. In addition to causing nipple discharge, high prolactin commonly causes menstruation to stop. […] An abnormally low level of thyroid hormone can indirectly lead to high prolactin levels. […] A tumor in the pituitary gland in the brain can cause increased prolactin levels. […] Certain medications cause a decrease in dopamine, which normally inhibits prolactin. As a result, prolactin increases and stimulates milky nipple discharge.

• #38 Hormones and Breast Discharge: Causes of Different Colors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/benign-nipple-discharge-430412

  Colostrum (the fluid that comes in before breast milk) can start to leak weeks or even months before birth. […] Galactorrhea is a milky nipple discharge that happens when there are high levels of prolactin in the body (hyperprolactinemia). […] Some health conditions can change the levels of certain hormones in your body. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and non-cancerous growths on the pituitary gland can both cause nipple discharge because they can change how much prolactin is in your body. […] Medications such as hormonal contraceptives (e.g., birth control pills) and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) can have a milky nipple discharge as a side effect since they change the levels of hormones (like estrogen) in your body. […] Hormone-related health problems and medications can also cause nipple discharge.

• #39 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea occurs due to high levels of Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which initiates lactation. […] Various health conditions can lead to breast milky discharge. However, in some cases the real cause cant be determined and the condition may resolve on its own. […] Prolactinoma a benign type of tumor that affects the pituitary gland. It is one of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia. […] Head trauma as the pituitary gland is settles in an osseous space on the skull base, it can be easily damaged during head trauma. […] Medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, H2 antagonists, etc. […] Hypothyroidism. […] Liver diseases like liver cirrhosis may increase the levels of prolactin due to poor elimination.

• #40 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Chronic kidney disease also leads to high levels of prolactin due to poor elimination of prolactin through the urine. […] Cocaine or opioid use. […] Birth control pills. […] Damage to the nerves of the chest wall from chest trauma, surgery of the chest or burns. […] Excessive breast stimulation, which may be associated with sexual activity, frequent breast self-exams with nipple manipulation.

• #41 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Chronic kidney disease also leads to high levels of prolactin due to poor elimination of prolactin through the urine. […] Cocaine or opioid use. […] Birth control pills. […] Damage to the nerves of the chest wall from chest trauma, surgery of the chest or burns. […] Excessive breast stimulation, which may be associated with sexual activity, frequent breast self-exams with nipple manipulation.

• #42 Nipple Discharge: Color, Causes, What It Means & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21014-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can be normal in women. Its always abnormal in men. Hormones, lactation or sexual arousal can be normal causes for nipple discharge. Abnormal causes could be from tumors, infection or rarely, breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is always abnormal in men. […] Healthcare providers consider nipple discharge abnormal when it occurs spontaneously (not caused by breast stimulation), is bloody or only occurs in one breast. Health conditions that may cause abnormal nipple discharge include: Papilloma (noncancerous breast tumor), Breast infection or abscess, Mammary duct ectasia, Severe underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Pituitary gland tumor, Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast), Cancerous breast tumor (in rare cases), Pagets disease of the breast. […] Yes. There are studies that show stress causes nipple discharge. This is due to increases in the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for lactation.

• #43 What Causes Nipple Discharge?

  https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/qdtarchive/what-causes-nipple-discharge/

  Trauma and Breast Manipulation: Sometimes trauma to the chest, like a steering wheel injury in a car accident, can injure the milk ducts and produce nipple discharge. […] Lactation and Postpartum: Women who have just given birth–whether or not they are breast feeding–will produce milk. […] Hormonal Abnormalities: Very rarely, thyroid disorders can cause a hormonal imbalance that causes nipple discharge. […] Pituitary Tumor: Another less common cause of nipple discharge is a pituitary tumor. […] Pregnancy: Pregnancy itself increases prolactin levels and can cause benign nipple discharge. […] Stress: Believe it or not, there are some studies that show elevated stress levels, whether they are psychologic or physiologic, can cause elevated prolactin. […] Medications: Medications aren’t always without side effects.

• #44 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #45 Non-Pregnant Breast Discharge Causes | Galactorrhea

  https://www.thewomenschoice.com/non-pregnant-breast-discharge-causes-galactorrhea/

  Galactorrhea occurs due to high levels of Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which initiates lactation. […] Various health conditions can lead to breast milky discharge. However, in some cases the real cause cant be determined and the condition may resolve on its own. […] Prolactinoma a benign type of tumor that affects the pituitary gland. It is one of the most common causes of hyperprolactinemia. […] Head trauma as the pituitary gland is settles in an osseous space on the skull base, it can be easily damaged during head trauma. […] Medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, H2 antagonists, etc. […] Hypothyroidism. […] Liver diseases like liver cirrhosis may increase the levels of prolactin due to poor elimination.

• #46 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #47 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea happens when milk or a milk-like discharge leaks from your nipples. Its different from regular milk secretion that happens during and after pregnancy. While it can affect all sexes, it tends to occur more often in women between the ages of 20 and 35. […] Several things can cause galactorrhea in all sexes. Keep in mind that some people have what doctors call idiopathic galactorrhea. This is galactorrhea without any clear cause. Your breast tissue may simply be more sensitive to certain hormones. […] Galactorrhea is often caused by a prolactinoma. This is a tumor that forms in your pituitary gland. It can press on your pituitary gland, stimulating it to produce more prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone thats largely responsible for lactation. […] Many other conditions can cause you to have too much prolactin. These include: hypothyroidism, which happens when the thyroid gland doesnt work to full capacity; taking certain high blood pressure medications, such as methyldopa (Aldomet); long-term kidney conditions; liver disorders, such as cirrhosis; some types of lung cancer; taking opioid medications, such as oxycodone (Percocet) and fentanyl (Actiq); taking certain antidepressants, such as paroxetine (Paxil) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram (Celexa); using cocaine or marijuana; taking certain herbal supplements, including fennel or anise seed; taking prokinetics for gastrointestinal conditions; using phenothiazines to get rid of parasites.

• #48 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #49 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea happens when milk or a milk-like discharge leaks from your nipples. Its different from regular milk secretion that happens during and after pregnancy. While it can affect all sexes, it tends to occur more often in women between the ages of 20 and 35. […] Several things can cause galactorrhea in all sexes. Keep in mind that some people have what doctors call idiopathic galactorrhea. This is galactorrhea without any clear cause. Your breast tissue may simply be more sensitive to certain hormones. […] Galactorrhea is often caused by a prolactinoma. This is a tumor that forms in your pituitary gland. It can press on your pituitary gland, stimulating it to produce more prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone thats largely responsible for lactation. […] Many other conditions can cause you to have too much prolactin. These include: hypothyroidism, which happens when the thyroid gland doesnt work to full capacity; taking certain high blood pressure medications, such as methyldopa (Aldomet); long-term kidney conditions; liver disorders, such as cirrhosis; some types of lung cancer; taking opioid medications, such as oxycodone (Percocet) and fentanyl (Actiq); taking certain antidepressants, such as paroxetine (Paxil) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram (Celexa); using cocaine or marijuana; taking certain herbal supplements, including fennel or anise seed; taking prokinetics for gastrointestinal conditions; using phenothiazines to get rid of parasites.

• #50 Nipple discharge | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Mastitis or an abscess can cause pus-like nipple discharge. Prolactinoma is a benign pituitary gland tumour that causes over-production of prolactin, which stimulates breast tissue. […] Medicines. Some medicines such as antidepressants, antihypertensives and synthetic hormones can stimulate the pituitary gland to release prolactin and trigger nipple discharge. Women taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy are often affected. […] Breast cancer. A rare type of cancer called Pagets disease of the nipple can cause nipple discharge. Only one breast is usually affected and the nipple discharge may be bloodstained. […] Although nipple discharge is rarely due to a malignant condition, it is always a good idea to have any change in your breasts checked. The majority of causes of nipple discharge are benign and can be treated with medicines or preventative measures.

• #51 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Taking birth control pills impacts different hormone levels, which can cause galactorrhea in some females. […] Male hypogonadism refers to having low testosterone. This is one of the more common causes of galactorrhea in males. It can also cause gynecomastia, which enlarges the breasts. […] Galactorrhea is also often seen in newborns. This can be a result of the mothers heightened estrogen during pregnancy. If it enters the placenta, it can get into a babys blood before birth. This can bring about both enlarged breasts and nipple discharge.

• #52 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #53 What Causes Nipple Discharge?

  https://www.quickanddirtytips.com/qdtarchive/what-causes-nipple-discharge/

  Opiates, such as codeine or morphine, can be a cause of nipple discharge in women. […] If it had been [bloody], I would have had to rule out another cause of nipple discharge–intraductal papilloma, which is a benign non-cancerous tumor that grows into the milk ducts. […] Once your doctor can get to the root of what’s causing your nipple discharge, it can be relatively easy to treat.

• #54 Nipple discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001515.htm

  Nipple discharge is any fluid that comes out of the nipple area in your breast. […] Nipple discharge is most often not due to cancer, but rarely, it can be a sign of breast cancer. It is important to find out what is causing it and to get treatment. Here are some reasons for nipple discharge: Pregnancy, Recent breastfeeding, Rubbing on the area from a bra or t-shirt, Injury to the breast, Breast infection, Inflammation and clogging of the breast ducts, Noncancerous pituitary tumors, Small growth in the breast that is usually not cancer, Severe underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast), Use of certain medicines, such as birth control pills or antidepressants, Use of certain herbs, such as anise, blessed thistle, and fennel, Widening of the milk ducts, Intraductal papilloma (benign tumor in the milk duct), Chronic kidney disease, Illicit drug use, including cocaine, opioids and marijuana. […] Cancers such as Paget disease (a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple) can also cause nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge may be a symptom of breast cancer or a pituitary tumor.

• #55 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea happens when milk or a milk-like discharge leaks from your nipples. Its different from regular milk secretion that happens during and after pregnancy. While it can affect all sexes, it tends to occur more often in women between the ages of 20 and 35. […] Several things can cause galactorrhea in all sexes. Keep in mind that some people have what doctors call idiopathic galactorrhea. This is galactorrhea without any clear cause. Your breast tissue may simply be more sensitive to certain hormones. […] Galactorrhea is often caused by a prolactinoma. This is a tumor that forms in your pituitary gland. It can press on your pituitary gland, stimulating it to produce more prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone thats largely responsible for lactation. […] Many other conditions can cause you to have too much prolactin. These include: hypothyroidism, which happens when the thyroid gland doesnt work to full capacity; taking certain high blood pressure medications, such as methyldopa (Aldomet); long-term kidney conditions; liver disorders, such as cirrhosis; some types of lung cancer; taking opioid medications, such as oxycodone (Percocet) and fentanyl (Actiq); taking certain antidepressants, such as paroxetine (Paxil) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as citalopram (Celexa); using cocaine or marijuana; taking certain herbal supplements, including fennel or anise seed; taking prokinetics for gastrointestinal conditions; using phenothiazines to get rid of parasites.

• #56 Nipple discharge: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001515.htm

  Nipple discharge is any fluid that comes out of the nipple area in your breast. […] Nipple discharge is most often not due to cancer, but rarely, it can be a sign of breast cancer. It is important to find out what is causing it and to get treatment. Here are some reasons for nipple discharge: Pregnancy, Recent breastfeeding, Rubbing on the area from a bra or t-shirt, Injury to the breast, Breast infection, Inflammation and clogging of the breast ducts, Noncancerous pituitary tumors, Small growth in the breast that is usually not cancer, Severe underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast), Use of certain medicines, such as birth control pills or antidepressants, Use of certain herbs, such as anise, blessed thistle, and fennel, Widening of the milk ducts, Intraductal papilloma (benign tumor in the milk duct), Chronic kidney disease, Illicit drug use, including cocaine, opioids and marijuana. […] Cancers such as Paget disease (a rare type of cancer involving the skin of the nipple) can also cause nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge may be a symptom of breast cancer or a pituitary tumor.

• #57 Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) | Midwest Radiology

  https://www.midwestradiology.com/news-and-events/nipple-discharge-non-lactating

  Causes of nipple discharge […] Papillomas (growth inside the milk duct) […] Duct ectasia (widening and hardening of the duct due to age or damage) […] Hormonal imbalance […] Benign tumors (especially of the pituitary gland) […] Chronic kidney disease […] Pregnancy […] Clothes that irritate the breast […] Breast stimulation during sexual activity […] Medications such as hormones, blood pressure medications, antidepressants, marijuana, opiates, drugs that inhibit acid secretion in the stomach (Zantac, Prilosec) […] Herbs such as nettle, fennel and anise. […] Nipple discharge is a concern when […] It is bloody or watery, feels sticky, or is pink, red, or black in color […] It appears spontaneously, without squeezing or irritating the nipple […] It is one-sided and persists […] It is accompanied by acne and growth of hair on the chin or chest […] It is accompanied by menstrual periods that are irregular or absent […] It is accompanied by blurred vision and headache.

• #58 Nipple Discharge: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/nipple-discharge

  Breast cancer can cause nipple discharge, especially ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), an early form of breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts. […] If you do have breast cancer, the discharge will probably come from one breast only. […] Discharge isnt often due to cancer, however. Research on its prevalence is variable, suggesting that cases of nipple discharge turn out to be malignant cancer in about 9% to 21% of cases. […] Its still a good idea to get any breast discharge checked out, especially if its a new symptom for you.

• #59 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #60

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  Nipple discharge is recognized as the third most common breast symptom, following breast pain and lumps. Although it is related to benign diseases mainly, an incidence of 5% to 12% associated with breast carcinoma still occurs. […] The dominating etiology of incurring Pathologic Nipple Discharge (PND) is a benign papilloma, with an incidence of 52%-57%. Duct ectasia is another of the most common benign causes of PND, representing approximately 14%- 33% of the cases, while breast cancers such as Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) take up 5%-15% of cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In addition, breast infections, including periductal mastitis and breast abscess, are also incurring etiologies. […] Pathological Nipple Discharge (PND) is a breast-related diseases most significant aberrant symptom. It is characterized by sanguineous, blood-stained, or serous-like (transparent or colored) fluid secretory production rather than regular milk lactation with the occurrence unilaterally within a single duct orifice of the nipple.

• #61 Nipple Discharge: 6 Causes and How to Deal With Them

  https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is a normal and expected part of pregnancy and breastfeeding. […] But it could also indicate an infection, breast cancer, or another type of tumor. […] Nipple discharge is very common up to 80% of women experience it at some point. […] It is often a harmless symptom caused by breastfeeding or pregnancy. But in some cases, it can be a sign of something more serious like an infection or cancer. […] Breast cancer can cause nipple discharge if the cancerous cells involve the breast ducts near the nipple. […] Unlike with lactation, breast cancer causes discharge to come from only one breast. […] There are two main types of breast cancer that can cause nipple discharge: Ductal carcinoma occurs when a tumor grows in the milk ducts of the breasts. […] Paget’s disease of the nipple is a type of cancer that grows just behind the nipple.

• #62 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #63 Table: Some Causes of Nipple Discharge-MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/multimedia/table/some-causes-of-nipple-discharge

  Sometimes bloody or guaiac-positive discharge […] If breast cancer is suspected, evaluation as for breast mass […] Hyperprolactinemia […] Often bilateral, milky nonbloody discharge with multiple ducts involved and no masses […] If a pituitary lesion is the cause, possibly signs of CNS mass (visual field changes, headache) or other endocrinopathy […] If prolactin or TSH is elevated, MRI of head.

• #64 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Eczema or dermatitis which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breast feeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #65 Nipple discharge | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Mastitis or an abscess can cause pus-like nipple discharge. Prolactinoma is a benign pituitary gland tumour that causes over-production of prolactin, which stimulates breast tissue. […] Medicines. Some medicines such as antidepressants, antihypertensives and synthetic hormones can stimulate the pituitary gland to release prolactin and trigger nipple discharge. Women taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy are often affected. […] Breast cancer. A rare type of cancer called Pagets disease of the nipple can cause nipple discharge. Only one breast is usually affected and the nipple discharge may be bloodstained. […] Although nipple discharge is rarely due to a malignant condition, it is always a good idea to have any change in your breasts checked. The majority of causes of nipple discharge are benign and can be treated with medicines or preventative measures.

• #66 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a growth within a milk duct in the breast, usually near the nipple. […] Eczema or dermatitis which affects the skin of the nipple, particularly if it becomes infected, can cause a weeping, crusty nipple discharge. […] Breast cancer is an uncommon cause of nipple discharge. Less than 5% of women with breast cancer have nipple discharge, and most of these women have other symptoms, such as a lump or newly inverted nipple, as well as the nipple discharge. […] Pagets disease is a particular type of breast cancer which involves the nipple. […] Galactorrhoea is milky nipple discharge not related to pregnancy or breast feeding. It is caused by the abnormal production of a hormone called prolactin. […] Abnormally high prolactin levels can also be caused by some drugs.

• #67

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #68 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #69 Nipple discharge: Causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319539

  Nipple discharge can be a symptom of breast cancer, according to a 2019 study. The same study states that in 5% to 33% of cases, women who report having nipple discharge also have an underlying malignancy. […] Males who experience nipple discharge need to consider talking with their doctor, as it is atypical and could signal an underlying issue. Any person with concerns about their discharge or who experiences bloody discharge needs to seek help. Although rare, it could be a symptom of cancer.

• #70 Nipple Discharge: Colour, Causes & Treatment

  https://birminghambreastgroup.com/concerns/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge can vary in colour, consistency, and volume, ranging from clear or milky to bloody or greenish. […] Common causes of nipple discharge include hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and certain medications. […] Nipple discharge can be a symptom of underlying breast conditions, including intraductal papillomas, ductal ectasia, mastitis, or, in rare cases, breast cancer. […] Intraductal papillomas are noncancerous growths that develop within the milk ducts and can cause nipple discharge, often bloody or clear. […] Ductal ectasia is a condition in which the milk ducts become blocked or widened, leading to inflammation and discharge, typically greenish or blackish in colour. […] Mastitis, an infection of the breast tissue, can also cause nipple discharge, along with redness, swelling, and pain.

• #71 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid comes out from one or both of your nipples. […] If you have any unusual nipple discharge or are experiencing it for the first time, talk with your doctor about your next steps. […] While your nipple discharge may be harmless, it can sometimes indicate a more serious health issue. Discharge colors and their potential causes may include: […] Bloody discharge may happen if you have a papilloma, a harmless wart-like tumor that can grow in the breast. Rarely, this may indicate breast cancer. […] If clear discharge only comes from one breast, it could be a sign of breast cancer, a papilloma or a blocked nipple duct. […] If you notice green discharge, the most common cause is a breast cyst. […] Cloudy, yellow or pus-like discharge is a common sign of a breast infection.

• #72 What color is breast cancer discharge? | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-color-is-breast-cancer-discharge.h00-159624168.html

  Only about 5% of patients report having nipple discharge as one of their breast cancer symptoms. […] Regardless of its type, most nipple discharge is benign, says Refinetti. […] There are many benign causes of nipple discharge, including breastfeeding, pregnancy, hormonal imbalances, medications, and a normal physiological response to stimulation, even if you’re not breastfeeding. […] The second thing to know about nipple discharge is that it can come in many different colors and none of them is considered a definitive sign that you have breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge can be clear or milky, green or yellow, or even bloody, explains Refinetti. […] But we’re always going to want to do a workup on anyone who has bloody or new spontaneous nipple discharge. […] And, bloody nipple discharge should always be investigated, though it can be caused by several benign conditions, including: […] The vast majority of nipple discharges are non-cancerous, notes Refinetti.

• #73 Why Do I Have Black Breast Discharge? Causes, Treatment

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/why_do_i_have_black_liquid_coming_out_of_my_breast/article_em.htm

  Causes of black nipple discharge include a benign (non-cancerous) growth within a milk duct (papilloma), a persistently dilated milk duct (duct ectasia), or a chronic abscess near the nipple. […] A black or brown liquid coming out of the breast may indicate blood is present, which can have several causes, such as a benign (non-cancerous) growth within a milk duct (papilloma), a persistently dilated milk duct (duct ectasia), or a chronic abscess near the nipple. […] There are many causes of abnormal nipple discharge that may be black or other colors, such as: Duct ectasia, Duct papilloma, Nipple eczema or dermatitis that affects the skin of the nipple, Breast cancer, Pagets disease of the nipple, Galactorrhea, Some medications. […] Abnormal nipple discharge alone is rarely associated with breast cancer, but it is important to see a doctor for evaluation and diagnosis if you have black liquid or any abnormal or concerning discharge coming out of your breast.

• #74 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid comes out from one or both of your nipples. […] If you have any unusual nipple discharge or are experiencing it for the first time, talk with your doctor about your next steps. […] While your nipple discharge may be harmless, it can sometimes indicate a more serious health issue. Discharge colors and their potential causes may include: […] Bloody discharge may happen if you have a papilloma, a harmless wart-like tumor that can grow in the breast. Rarely, this may indicate breast cancer. […] If clear discharge only comes from one breast, it could be a sign of breast cancer, a papilloma or a blocked nipple duct. […] If you notice green discharge, the most common cause is a breast cyst. […] Cloudy, yellow or pus-like discharge is a common sign of a breast infection.

• #75 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid comes out from one or both of your nipples. […] If you have any unusual nipple discharge or are experiencing it for the first time, talk with your doctor about your next steps. […] While your nipple discharge may be harmless, it can sometimes indicate a more serious health issue. Discharge colors and their potential causes may include: […] Bloody discharge may happen if you have a papilloma, a harmless wart-like tumor that can grow in the breast. Rarely, this may indicate breast cancer. […] If clear discharge only comes from one breast, it could be a sign of breast cancer, a papilloma or a blocked nipple duct. […] If you notice green discharge, the most common cause is a breast cyst. […] Cloudy, yellow or pus-like discharge is a common sign of a breast infection.

• #76 Normal vs. Abnormal Nipple Discharge: Key Differences and Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/women/breast-nipple-discharge

  A nipple discharge in men or those assigned male at birth is more of a concern. If you have this, see your doctor. […] Causes of a normal nipple discharge include: […] A number of noncancerous conditions can cause a nipple discharge. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. […] Galactorrhea. This describes a condition in which you secrete milk or a milky nipple discharge even though you’re not breastfeeding. […] Infection. A nipple discharge that contains pus may mean there’s an infection in your breast. […] Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of an abnormal nipple discharge. […] Intraductal papillomas. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. […] Most nipple discharge is either normal or caused by a benign medical condition. […] One form of breast cancer that may cause a breast discharge is intraductal carcinoma. […] Another rare form of breast cancer that may result in a nipple discharge is Paget’s disease. […] A discharge that’s clear or bloody can be a sign of breast cancer.

• #77 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid comes out from one or both of your nipples. […] If you have any unusual nipple discharge or are experiencing it for the first time, talk with your doctor about your next steps. […] While your nipple discharge may be harmless, it can sometimes indicate a more serious health issue. Discharge colors and their potential causes may include: […] Bloody discharge may happen if you have a papilloma, a harmless wart-like tumor that can grow in the breast. Rarely, this may indicate breast cancer. […] If clear discharge only comes from one breast, it could be a sign of breast cancer, a papilloma or a blocked nipple duct. […] If you notice green discharge, the most common cause is a breast cyst. […] Cloudy, yellow or pus-like discharge is a common sign of a breast infection.

• #78 Nipple discharge | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/non-cancerous-conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from one or both nipples. It is normal after a woman gives birth because her breasts are making milk for the baby. Nipple discharge may be a concern when it: […] Nipple discharge is usually due to a benign condition. Discharge from one nipple is more likely to be caused by a problem in that breast. Discharge from both nipples is more likely to be caused by something outside of the breast, such as an endocrine gland problem. Have your doctor check any nipple discharge. […] The discharge can look different depending on what causes it. Clear or bloody discharge, often from one nipple, may be caused by a non-cancerous tumour called intraductal papilloma. Thick or sticky discharge that is green, greenish brown or reddish brown may be caused by a non-cancerous condition called mammary duct ectasia. Yellow and foul-smelling pus may be caused by a breast infection. Milky white discharge from both breasts may be caused by some medicines or endocrine gland problems. […] Treatment for nipple discharge will depend on what is causing it. Treatment options may include: medications to treat hormone or endocrine gland problems, antibiotics for breast infections, and draining any pus collecting in the breast (abscess), surgery to remove a duct.

• #79 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid comes out from one or both of your nipples. […] If you have any unusual nipple discharge or are experiencing it for the first time, talk with your doctor about your next steps. […] While your nipple discharge may be harmless, it can sometimes indicate a more serious health issue. Discharge colors and their potential causes may include: […] Bloody discharge may happen if you have a papilloma, a harmless wart-like tumor that can grow in the breast. Rarely, this may indicate breast cancer. […] If clear discharge only comes from one breast, it could be a sign of breast cancer, a papilloma or a blocked nipple duct. […] If you notice green discharge, the most common cause is a breast cyst. […] Cloudy, yellow or pus-like discharge is a common sign of a breast infection.

• #80 Nipple discharge | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/non-cancerous-conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from one or both nipples. It is normal after a woman gives birth because her breasts are making milk for the baby. Nipple discharge may be a concern when it: […] Nipple discharge is usually due to a benign condition. Discharge from one nipple is more likely to be caused by a problem in that breast. Discharge from both nipples is more likely to be caused by something outside of the breast, such as an endocrine gland problem. Have your doctor check any nipple discharge. […] The discharge can look different depending on what causes it. Clear or bloody discharge, often from one nipple, may be caused by a non-cancerous tumour called intraductal papilloma. Thick or sticky discharge that is green, greenish brown or reddish brown may be caused by a non-cancerous condition called mammary duct ectasia. Yellow and foul-smelling pus may be caused by a breast infection. Milky white discharge from both breasts may be caused by some medicines or endocrine gland problems. […] Treatment for nipple discharge will depend on what is causing it. Treatment options may include: medications to treat hormone or endocrine gland problems, antibiotics for breast infections, and draining any pus collecting in the breast (abscess), surgery to remove a duct.

• #81 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Milky-white discharge is often caused by hormonal changes, like pregnancy or stopping breastfeeding. […] Fibrocystic breast changes or blocked ducts sometimes lead to brown nipple discharge. […] Changes in your hormone levels can cause many effects on your body, including nipple discharge. […] Discharge related to hormone changes is sometimes milky-white, but it can also be brown, green or yellow. […] When hormones are the cause, nipple discharge often affects both breasts. […] Many people have changes in their breasts that follow their menstrual cycle. […] Even early in pregnancy, hormone changes in your body may lead to nipple discharge. […] Galactorrhea is a medical term used anytime your breasts are making milk or milky discharge that isnt related to breastfeeding, usually due to higher-than-normal levels of the hormone prolactin.

• #82 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  Galactorrhea causes a milk-like discharge to leak from your nipple. It’s unrelated to lactation. […] Galactorrhea sometimes indicates an underlying health condition, but is most often caused by too much prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that triggers milk production. […] The most common cause of galactorrhea is a benign (not cancerous) tumor on your pituitary gland. The tumor causes your pituitary gland to make too much prolactin (hyperprolactinemia). […] Other causes include: Taking medications including birth control pills, blood pressure medicine or antidepressants. […] Galactorrhea is a highly treatable condition. […] If your galactorrhea is caused by a tumor on your pituitary gland, it’s typically a noncancerous tumor that responds well to treatment. […] The milk that leaks from your breasts when you have galactorrhea is considered milk because it’s produced by the same hormone (prolactin) that makes breastmilk in women who’ve just given birth.

• #83 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Milky-white discharge is often caused by hormonal changes, like pregnancy or stopping breastfeeding. […] Fibrocystic breast changes or blocked ducts sometimes lead to brown nipple discharge. […] Changes in your hormone levels can cause many effects on your body, including nipple discharge. […] Discharge related to hormone changes is sometimes milky-white, but it can also be brown, green or yellow. […] When hormones are the cause, nipple discharge often affects both breasts. […] Many people have changes in their breasts that follow their menstrual cycle. […] Even early in pregnancy, hormone changes in your body may lead to nipple discharge. […] Galactorrhea is a medical term used anytime your breasts are making milk or milky discharge that isnt related to breastfeeding, usually due to higher-than-normal levels of the hormone prolactin.

• #84 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #85 Nipple Discharge | Understanding Clear & Bloody Nipple Discharge

  https://www.buoyhealth.com/learn/nipple-discharge

  Several medical conditions can cause milk production when you are not pregnant or breastfeeding. These include hypothyroidism (low levels of thyroid hormone), pituitary tumors, and liver or kidney disease. Some medications can also cause milk production as a side effect. […] Discharge from only one nipple is likely caused by a process occurring only in that breast. Possible causes include a breast infection, blockage of a duct, or a type of benign growth called intraductal papilloma. Rarely, discharge from just one nipple can be a sign of breast cancer.

• #86 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Spontaneous nipple discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding is considered abnormal. In most cases it has a non-cancerous (benign) cause. Spontaneous nipple discharge that is caused by disease (pathology) in the breast is more likely to be from one breast only (unilateral), confined to a single duct, and clear or blood-stained in appearance. […] There are many causes of nipple discharge. These include: […] Duct ectasia is a non-cancerous (benign) condition in which the milk ducts under the nipple enlarge and there is inflammation in the walls of the ducts.

• #87 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #88 Nipple discharge | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/non-cancerous-conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from one or both nipples. It is normal after a woman gives birth because her breasts are making milk for the baby. Nipple discharge may be a concern when it: […] Nipple discharge is usually due to a benign condition. Discharge from one nipple is more likely to be caused by a problem in that breast. Discharge from both nipples is more likely to be caused by something outside of the breast, such as an endocrine gland problem. Have your doctor check any nipple discharge. […] The discharge can look different depending on what causes it. Clear or bloody discharge, often from one nipple, may be caused by a non-cancerous tumour called intraductal papilloma. Thick or sticky discharge that is green, greenish brown or reddish brown may be caused by a non-cancerous condition called mammary duct ectasia. Yellow and foul-smelling pus may be caused by a breast infection. Milky white discharge from both breasts may be caused by some medicines or endocrine gland problems. […] Treatment for nipple discharge will depend on what is causing it. Treatment options may include: medications to treat hormone or endocrine gland problems, antibiotics for breast infections, and draining any pus collecting in the breast (abscess), surgery to remove a duct.

• #89 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #90 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  http://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Spontaneous nipple discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding is considered abnormal. In most cases it has a non-cancerous (benign) cause. Spontaneous nipple discharge that is caused by disease (pathology) in the breast is more likely to be from one breast only (unilateral), confined to a single duct, and clear or blood-stained in appearance. […] There are many causes of nipple discharge. These include: […] Duct ectasia is a non-cancerous (benign) condition in which the milk ducts under the nipple enlarge and there is inflammation in the walls of the ducts.

• #91

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #92

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #93 Types of Nipple Discharge: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis | Medanta | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/types-of-nipple-discharge-causes-and-symptoms

  Taking hormonal medicines such as sedatives and birth control pills can also cause milk discharge from the nipples. […] In the case of pregnancy, many women are prone to witness a light-yellow colour and thin pre-breast milk discharge from their nipples. […] Normal hormonal variations, such as the change in prolactin levels, and menstruation, can also cause nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge may also result due to breast infection, which can result in a yellow-green colour pus-like discharge. […] Mammary duct ectasia is a medical condition that usually occurs during menopause or perimenopause, which causes blocked milk ducts. […] Though rare and uncommon, it is a type of breast cancer that causes a bloody discharge. […] In some cases, a nipple discharge may be an early warning symptom of breast cancer. […] Galactorrhoea occurs due to an increased prolactin level.

• #94 Nipple Discharge: Know Its Meaning, Types, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.novaivffertility.com/fertility-help/what-is-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge may not mean anything in some cases, but it can be an indicator of a serious underlying condition, such as breast cancer or breast cyst. Thus, it must never be ignored. […] Normal nipple discharge can be caused due to the following: Pregnancy, Stopping Breastfeeding, Stimulation, Medication, Stress. […] The following are some of the usual characteristics of abnormal nipple discharge: Discharge is bloody, Discharge occurs on its own, Discharge happens from only 1 breast, Discharge accompanies pain, redness, or swelling in and around the nipples or changes in the shape of the nipples. […] Other possible nipple discharge reasons include the following: Abscess, Breast cancer, Infection in the breast, Endocrine diseases, Galactorrhoea, Birth control medication, Injury or trauma to the breast, Pagets disease, Mammary duct ectasia, Intraductal papilloma, Fibrocystic breasts, Hormonal changes.

• #95 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge means any fluid that comes out of a breast nipple. […] Nipple discharge during pregnancy and breast-feeding is typical. At other times, it may not be cause for worry. But it’s good to have a healthcare professional examine your breasts if the nipple discharge is a new symptom. Men who ever have nipple discharge should have a medical exam. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if:

• #96 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #97 Nipple Discharge – Causes, Symptoms and When To Worry | Breast Care Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/nipple-discharge-causes-symptoms-and-when-to-worry/

  Moreover, discharge that comes out of the breasts can also be a side effect of birth control pills. […] Men can also experience nipple discharge if they have: […] The condition is not very common in men, so patients should immediately see their doctor if they notice a discharge coming out of their nipples. […] Although discharge is rarely a symptom of breast cancer, it can be a warning sign when it is in its preinvasive stage, especially in individuals who are over 40. […] That said, it is best to see a physician to evaluate your symptoms and determine the causes of nipple discharge that you might have. […] Patients who have discharge that comes out of the breasts rarely receive a breast cancer diagnosis, but it could be a sign of another condition that requires treatment. […] You should see a doctor if you’re menstruating and your nipples still have discharge after your next menstrual cycle. […] In addition, it is best to see a physician if you meet any of the following criteria: […] Having a bloody nipple discharge. […] Discharge that comes out on its own, without stimulation. […] Having other symptoms such as pain, redness, or swelling.

• #98

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #99 Should I be concerned about nipple discharge? | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/womens-health/should-i-be-concerned-about-nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge refers to fluid that leaks out of the nipple when you are not breastfeeding. This fluid can vary in colour from clear or milky to yellow, green, brown, grey or bloody. […] In most cases, nipple discharge in women is not serious; however, in 215% of cases, it can be a sign of breast cancer, which is why it is important to have any new nipple discharge investigated by a doctor. […] In some cases, nipple discharge is caused by an underlying health condition. […] This refers to milky discharge produced from both breasts without being pregnant and when not breastfeeding or having finished breastfeeding for at least a year. […] Consequently, galactorrhea can be caused by a non-cancerous tumour on your pituitary gland. […] This refers to widening of one or more mammary ducts.

• #100 Nipple discharge | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/sym-20050946/

  Fluid leaking from the nipples isnt often a sign of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Breast cancer […] Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment.

• #101 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment. […] If you’re past menopause and you have nipple discharge that happens on its own, is clear or bloody and from a single duct in one breast only, see your healthcare professional right away.

• #102

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #103 Nipple Discharge – Causes, Symptoms and When To Worry | Breast Care Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/nipple-discharge-causes-symptoms-and-when-to-worry/

  Moreover, discharge that comes out of the breasts can also be a side effect of birth control pills. […] Men can also experience nipple discharge if they have: […] The condition is not very common in men, so patients should immediately see their doctor if they notice a discharge coming out of their nipples. […] Although discharge is rarely a symptom of breast cancer, it can be a warning sign when it is in its preinvasive stage, especially in individuals who are over 40. […] That said, it is best to see a physician to evaluate your symptoms and determine the causes of nipple discharge that you might have. […] Patients who have discharge that comes out of the breasts rarely receive a breast cancer diagnosis, but it could be a sign of another condition that requires treatment. […] You should see a doctor if you’re menstruating and your nipples still have discharge after your next menstrual cycle. […] In addition, it is best to see a physician if you meet any of the following criteria: […] Having a bloody nipple discharge. […] Discharge that comes out on its own, without stimulation. […] Having other symptoms such as pain, redness, or swelling.

• #104 Normal vs. Abnormal Nipple Discharge: Key Differences and Causes

  https://www.webmd.com/women/breast-nipple-discharge

  A nipple discharge in men or those assigned male at birth is more of a concern. If you have this, see your doctor. […] Causes of a normal nipple discharge include: […] A number of noncancerous conditions can cause a nipple discharge. […] Fibrocystic breast changes. Fibrocystic refers to the presence or development of fibrous tissue and cysts. […] Galactorrhea. This describes a condition in which you secrete milk or a milky nipple discharge even though you’re not breastfeeding. […] Infection. A nipple discharge that contains pus may mean there’s an infection in your breast. […] Mammary duct ectasia. This is the second most common cause of an abnormal nipple discharge. […] Intraductal papillomas. These are noncancerous growths in the ducts of the breast. […] Most nipple discharge is either normal or caused by a benign medical condition. […] One form of breast cancer that may cause a breast discharge is intraductal carcinoma. […] Another rare form of breast cancer that may result in a nipple discharge is Paget’s disease. […] A discharge that’s clear or bloody can be a sign of breast cancer.

• #105 Nipple discharge | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/sym-20050946/

  Fluid leaking from the nipples isnt often a sign of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Breast cancer […] Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment.

• #106 Nipple discharge | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/sym-20050946/

  Fluid leaking from the nipples isnt often a sign of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Breast cancer […] Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment.

• #107 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge means any fluid that comes out of a breast nipple. […] Nipple discharge during pregnancy and breast-feeding is typical. At other times, it may not be cause for worry. But it’s good to have a healthcare professional examine your breasts if the nipple discharge is a new symptom. Men who ever have nipple discharge should have a medical exam. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if:

• #108 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #109 Nipple Discharge – Causes, Symptoms and When To Worry | Breast Care Center

  https://www.toplinemd.com/breast-care-center-of-miami/blog/nipple-discharge-causes-symptoms-and-when-to-worry/

  Moreover, discharge that comes out of the breasts can also be a side effect of birth control pills. […] Men can also experience nipple discharge if they have: […] The condition is not very common in men, so patients should immediately see their doctor if they notice a discharge coming out of their nipples. […] Although discharge is rarely a symptom of breast cancer, it can be a warning sign when it is in its preinvasive stage, especially in individuals who are over 40. […] That said, it is best to see a physician to evaluate your symptoms and determine the causes of nipple discharge that you might have. […] Patients who have discharge that comes out of the breasts rarely receive a breast cancer diagnosis, but it could be a sign of another condition that requires treatment. […] You should see a doctor if you’re menstruating and your nipples still have discharge after your next menstrual cycle. […] In addition, it is best to see a physician if you meet any of the following criteria: […] Having a bloody nipple discharge. […] Discharge that comes out on its own, without stimulation. […] Having other symptoms such as pain, redness, or swelling.

• #110 Nipple discharge | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/sym-20050946/

  Fluid leaking from the nipples isnt often a sign of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Breast cancer […] Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment.

• #111

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #112 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #113

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #114 Nipple Discharge: Color, Causes, What It Means & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21014-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can be normal in women. Its always abnormal in men. Hormones, lactation or sexual arousal can be normal causes for nipple discharge. Abnormal causes could be from tumors, infection or rarely, breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is always abnormal in men. […] Healthcare providers consider nipple discharge abnormal when it occurs spontaneously (not caused by breast stimulation), is bloody or only occurs in one breast. Health conditions that may cause abnormal nipple discharge include: Papilloma (noncancerous breast tumor), Breast infection or abscess, Mammary duct ectasia, Severe underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism), Pituitary gland tumor, Fibrocystic breast (normal lumpiness in the breast), Cancerous breast tumor (in rare cases), Pagets disease of the breast. […] Yes. There are studies that show stress causes nipple discharge. This is due to increases in the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for lactation.

• #115 Nipple discharge: Causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319539

  Nipple discharge can be a symptom of breast cancer, according to a 2019 study. The same study states that in 5% to 33% of cases, women who report having nipple discharge also have an underlying malignancy. […] Males who experience nipple discharge need to consider talking with their doctor, as it is atypical and could signal an underlying issue. Any person with concerns about their discharge or who experiences bloody discharge needs to seek help. Although rare, it could be a symptom of cancer.

• #116 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Pagets disease is a rare cause of nipple discharge. […] Any male nipple discharge needs to be checked by a doctor. […] If youre experiencing nipple discharge, a visit to the doctor can give you the answers you need. […] To diagnose the cause behind your nipple discharge or other related symptoms, your doctor will likely ask you questions about your medical history and perform an exam. […] Your care team will work with you to create a care plan to treat your nipple discharge. […] If a medication or underlying medical condition is the cause, then your doctor will guide you through your options.

• #117 Causes Of Nipple Discharge In Men And Women

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/causes-nipple-discharge-men-women

  It is noteworthy that a lot of men also experience nipple discharge, but due to reluctance or shame, most men tend to ignore the symptoms. […] Listed below are the most common causes of nipple discharge in men: Hormonal disorders: Deficiency of key male hormones like testosterone often presents with nipple discharge, Gynecomastia: Excessive growth of breast tissue in males is regarded as gynecomastia. It is often associated with nipple discharge due to excessive glandular growth, Tumors of pituitary glands: Anterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that are responsible for milk secretion. Excessive secretion of certain hormones such as prolactin can also lead to discharge from nipple, Organic malignancies of breast are also associated with this condition.

• #118 Galactorrhea: Symptoms, Causes in Men and Women, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/galactorrhea

  Taking birth control pills impacts different hormone levels, which can cause galactorrhea in some females. […] Male hypogonadism refers to having low testosterone. This is one of the more common causes of galactorrhea in males. It can also cause gynecomastia, which enlarges the breasts. […] Galactorrhea is also often seen in newborns. This can be a result of the mothers heightened estrogen during pregnancy. If it enters the placenta, it can get into a babys blood before birth. This can bring about both enlarged breasts and nipple discharge.

• #119 Causes Of Nipple Discharge In Men And Women

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/causes-nipple-discharge-men-women

  It is noteworthy that a lot of men also experience nipple discharge, but due to reluctance or shame, most men tend to ignore the symptoms. […] Listed below are the most common causes of nipple discharge in men: Hormonal disorders: Deficiency of key male hormones like testosterone often presents with nipple discharge, Gynecomastia: Excessive growth of breast tissue in males is regarded as gynecomastia. It is often associated with nipple discharge due to excessive glandular growth, Tumors of pituitary glands: Anterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that are responsible for milk secretion. Excessive secretion of certain hormones such as prolactin can also lead to discharge from nipple, Organic malignancies of breast are also associated with this condition.

• #120 Galactorrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17924-galactorrhea

  Yes, men can get galactorrhea. It’s sometimes seen in people with gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue) or low testosterone (hypogonadism). […] Treatment for galactorrhea varies depending on the cause of the condition. […] In cases where a pituitary tumor causes galactorrhea, the tumor is usually benign (not cancerous). […] Some medicines used to treat galactorrhea may involve complications including infertility and vision problems. […] Galactorrhea often goes away without treatment. […] If a pituitary tumor is causing the condition, your healthcare provider may want you to have a yearly CT or MRI to look for signs of growth.

• #121 Causes Of Nipple Discharge In Men And Women

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/causes-nipple-discharge-men-women

  It is noteworthy that a lot of men also experience nipple discharge, but due to reluctance or shame, most men tend to ignore the symptoms. […] Listed below are the most common causes of nipple discharge in men: Hormonal disorders: Deficiency of key male hormones like testosterone often presents with nipple discharge, Gynecomastia: Excessive growth of breast tissue in males is regarded as gynecomastia. It is often associated with nipple discharge due to excessive glandular growth, Tumors of pituitary glands: Anterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that are responsible for milk secretion. Excessive secretion of certain hormones such as prolactin can also lead to discharge from nipple, Organic malignancies of breast are also associated with this condition.

• #122 Causes Of Nipple Discharge In Men And Women

  https://www.drelist.com/blog/causes-nipple-discharge-men-women

  It is noteworthy that a lot of men also experience nipple discharge, but due to reluctance or shame, most men tend to ignore the symptoms. […] Listed below are the most common causes of nipple discharge in men: Hormonal disorders: Deficiency of key male hormones like testosterone often presents with nipple discharge, Gynecomastia: Excessive growth of breast tissue in males is regarded as gynecomastia. It is often associated with nipple discharge due to excessive glandular growth, Tumors of pituitary glands: Anterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting hormones that are responsible for milk secretion. Excessive secretion of certain hormones such as prolactin can also lead to discharge from nipple, Organic malignancies of breast are also associated with this condition.

• #123 Nipple Discharge – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/how-work-up-patient-with/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge in women is usually due to benign pathologies including ductal ectasia in 6-59% of cases, and papillomas in 35-56% of cases. Papillomas resulting in nipple discharge are often excised, and surgical excision of papillomas with atypical features have an upgrade rate of malignancy on excision of 21-38%. Nipple discharge is associated with a 5-23% risk of malignancy in women, typically DCIS. Any discharge in a man is suspicious and associated with breast cancer in 25-57% of cases. […] Galactography or ductography had previously been considered the gold standard for evaluation of nipple discharge, however in recent years this modality is falling out of favor, as there are several disadvantages, such as difficulty with duct catheterization resulting in procedure failure, and procedural risks including contrast extravasation, iodinated contrast allergy, and mastitis. In addition, ductography cannot differentiate malignant from benign lesions. More recent studies show that MRI is much more sensitive than ductography (98% for MRI, versus 49% for ductography). Another advantage of MRI is that it evaluates more of the breast parenchyma, however this may also be considered a disadvantage as it results in a high false positive rate.

• #124 Nipple discharge

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge may be nothing serious, but sometimes it can be a sign of an underlying condition, including a breast cyst or breast cancer. You should always get it checked. […] Nipple discharge has many possible causes. […] Common causes include: pregnancy or breastfeeding, which can lead to leaking from your nipples, non-cancerous changes in the breast that happen with age (duct ectasia), a blocked or enlarged milk duct, a small, non-cancerous lump in the breast (papilloma), a breast infection (mastitis), a side effect of a medicine, including the contraceptive pill. […] Nipple discharge can sometimes be a sign of breast cancer, so it’s important to get it checked.

• #125 When nipple discharge is normal and when it isn’t | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/when-nipple-discharge-is-normal-and-when-it-s-not

  Pregnancy: nipple discharge can occur both during and after pregnancy. Colostrum is the first breastmilk produced in mid-pregnancy and continues for a few days after the birth of your baby. It can appear as thin and light-yellow in colour at first and then become thicker and milkier. […] Very rarely; however, when it is, it’s a sign of very early cancer which is known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is when the cells that line the milk ducts become cancer. As it is a very early form of cancer, it is easily treatable and curable. […] If nipple discharge is associated with an underlying lump, or other nipple changes like indrawing of nipple, then this can be more suspicious. […] The treatment depends on the findings. Most benign cases don’t need any treatment as most will clear up alone.

• #126 When nipple discharge is normal and when it isn’t | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/when-nipple-discharge-is-normal-and-when-it-s-not

  Pregnancy: nipple discharge can occur both during and after pregnancy. Colostrum is the first breastmilk produced in mid-pregnancy and continues for a few days after the birth of your baby. It can appear as thin and light-yellow in colour at first and then become thicker and milkier. […] Very rarely; however, when it is, it’s a sign of very early cancer which is known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is when the cells that line the milk ducts become cancer. As it is a very early form of cancer, it is easily treatable and curable. […] If nipple discharge is associated with an underlying lump, or other nipple changes like indrawing of nipple, then this can be more suspicious. […] The treatment depends on the findings. Most benign cases don’t need any treatment as most will clear up alone.

• #127 Types of Nipple Discharge: Causes, Symptoms and Diagnosis | Medanta | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/types-of-nipple-discharge-causes-and-symptoms

  Taking hormonal medicines such as sedatives and birth control pills can also cause milk discharge from the nipples. […] In the case of pregnancy, many women are prone to witness a light-yellow colour and thin pre-breast milk discharge from their nipples. […] Normal hormonal variations, such as the change in prolactin levels, and menstruation, can also cause nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge may also result due to breast infection, which can result in a yellow-green colour pus-like discharge. […] Mammary duct ectasia is a medical condition that usually occurs during menopause or perimenopause, which causes blocked milk ducts. […] Though rare and uncommon, it is a type of breast cancer that causes a bloody discharge. […] In some cases, a nipple discharge may be an early warning symptom of breast cancer. […] Galactorrhoea occurs due to an increased prolactin level.

• #128 Nipple discharge: Causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319539

  Nipple discharge can be natural for females, especially if they are pregnant or breastfeeding. Other reasons for discharge from nipples include infection, arousal, or hormone imbalance. It rarely indicates cancer. However, in males, nipple discharge can suggest a health issue. […] Most cases of nipple discharge are benign and rarely relate to breast cancer. […] Common causes of nipple discharge include: breast infections, endocrine, or hormone, disorders, excessive nipple stimulation, fibrocystic, or irregular cysts, on breasts, injury or trauma history to the breasts, mammary duct ectasia, where the milk duct under the nipple thickens and becomes wide, periductal mastitis, a chronic inflammation of the breast, prolactinoma, a hormone disorder due to a tumor in the pituitary gland, side effects of medications.

• #129 Nipple Discharge

  https://fpnotebook.com/Gyn/Sx/NplDschrg.htm

  Galactorrhea is normal during pregnancy and for up to one year after cessation of Lactation. […] Bloody Nipple Discharge is NOT synonymous with cancer. However bloody Nipple Discharge carries a higher risk of cancer. […] Galactorrhea: See Hyperprolactinemia Causes. See Medication Causes of Hyperprolactinemia. […] Bloody Nipple Discharge Etiologies: Intraductal Papilloma (most common), Duct ectasia (Benign Breast duct tortuosity), Breast Cancer (represents 3%).

• #130 When nipple discharge is normal and when it isn’t | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/when-nipple-discharge-is-normal-and-when-it-s-not

  Nipple discharge is physiological and completely normal. It is common to have clear, milky or even greenish discharge throughout your reproductive years. […] Most of the time, breast discharge is not serious, but there are times when it can be a sign of breast cancer or that something isn’t as it should be. […] The following are some possible benign (non-cancerous) causes of nipple discharge: Hormone changes: normal changes in hormone levels, such as those that occur during menstruation may cause nipple discharge. […] Dilated milk ducts: ectasia is the term used to describe a condition where the milk ducts in the breast widens and the walls thicken. The duct then becomes blocked and fluid builds up. It most affects women that are nearing menopause and after menopause. This discharge can be green, brown and sometimes even black and very thick.

• #131 Nipple discharge | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is common in women of child-bearing age, even when they are not pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Although nipple discharge is rarely a sign of a serious illness, unexplained discharge can be distressing. […] Many different factors can cause a spontaneous and persistent nipple discharge in women. It usually occurs in response to hormonal changes, for example it is normal to have clear, milky-white or yellow nipple discharge during early and late pregnancy which may persist afterwards. […] Some of the most common causes of nipple discharge in women include: Intraductal papilloma. This is a wart-like growth that grows in the milk duct of the breast and is the most common cause of single duct bloodstained nipple discharge, usually in just one breast. […] Duct ectasia. With age, the milk ducts in the breasts become shorter, wider and harder. Duct ectasia is the most common cause of multi-duct thick, bloodstained or clear nipple discharge in women reaching the menopause.

• #132 When nipple discharge is normal and when it isn’t | Top Doctors

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/when-nipple-discharge-is-normal-and-when-it-s-not

  Nipple discharge is physiological and completely normal. It is common to have clear, milky or even greenish discharge throughout your reproductive years. […] Most of the time, breast discharge is not serious, but there are times when it can be a sign of breast cancer or that something isn’t as it should be. […] The following are some possible benign (non-cancerous) causes of nipple discharge: Hormone changes: normal changes in hormone levels, such as those that occur during menstruation may cause nipple discharge. […] Dilated milk ducts: ectasia is the term used to describe a condition where the milk ducts in the breast widens and the walls thicken. The duct then becomes blocked and fluid builds up. It most affects women that are nearing menopause and after menopause. This discharge can be green, brown and sometimes even black and very thick.

• #133 Nipple discharge | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is common in women of child-bearing age, even when they are not pregnant or breastfeeding. […] Although nipple discharge is rarely a sign of a serious illness, unexplained discharge can be distressing. […] Many different factors can cause a spontaneous and persistent nipple discharge in women. It usually occurs in response to hormonal changes, for example it is normal to have clear, milky-white or yellow nipple discharge during early and late pregnancy which may persist afterwards. […] Some of the most common causes of nipple discharge in women include: Intraductal papilloma. This is a wart-like growth that grows in the milk duct of the breast and is the most common cause of single duct bloodstained nipple discharge, usually in just one breast. […] Duct ectasia. With age, the milk ducts in the breasts become shorter, wider and harder. Duct ectasia is the most common cause of multi-duct thick, bloodstained or clear nipple discharge in women reaching the menopause.

• #134 Hormones and Breast Discharge: Causes of Different Colors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/benign-nipple-discharge-430412

  Nipple discharge is very common and rarely dangerous. […] Hormones can cause normal breast discharge that’s related or unrelated to pregnancy. Common hormonal causes of nipple discharge include: Normal hormonal shifts (e.g., menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, pregnancy loss), Hormonal medication side effects (e.g., birth control pills), Hormone-related health conditions (e.g., pituitary gland problems). […] Common hormonal causes of breast discharge include: Menstrual cycle changes (e.g., during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods of life), Pregnancy and lactation, Galactorrhea, Certain medical conditions that affect hormone levels, Hormonal medications. […] Normal fluctuations in estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle can lead to breast tissue changes and nipple discharge.

• #135 Nipple discharge | The London Clinic

  https://www.thelondonclinic.co.uk/services/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Mastitis or an abscess can cause pus-like nipple discharge. Prolactinoma is a benign pituitary gland tumour that causes over-production of prolactin, which stimulates breast tissue. […] Medicines. Some medicines such as antidepressants, antihypertensives and synthetic hormones can stimulate the pituitary gland to release prolactin and trigger nipple discharge. Women taking oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy are often affected. […] Breast cancer. A rare type of cancer called Pagets disease of the nipple can cause nipple discharge. Only one breast is usually affected and the nipple discharge may be bloodstained. […] Although nipple discharge is rarely due to a malignant condition, it is always a good idea to have any change in your breasts checked. The majority of causes of nipple discharge are benign and can be treated with medicines or preventative measures.

• #136 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #137 Nipple Discharge: Causes, Treatment, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/symptoms-and-conditions/nipple-discharge

  The color and texture of the discharge can offer clues as to what is causing them. […] Treatment for nipple discharge depends on its cause. […] Discharge from the nipple is a potential sign of breast cancer. […] If the discharge co-occurs with a lump, accompanies pain, or only comes from one nipple, it may indicate breast cancer.

• #138 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #139 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #140 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #141 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] The etiology of galactorrhea can be classified in terms of prolactin abnormalities. […] Common drugs interfering with prolactin inhibition are psychotropic drugs (butyrophenones, phenothiazines), antihypertensives (reserpine, alpha-methyldopa), cannabinoids and opiates (marijuana, morphine, heroin), contraceptives, and metoclopropamide. […] Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with galactorrhea: pure prolactin-secreting tumors (micro- or macroadenoma), mixed tumors that secrete both growth hormone and prolactin, and chromophobe adenomas. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #142 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #143 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #144 Nipple Discharge – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/how-work-up-patient-with/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge in women is usually due to benign pathologies including ductal ectasia in 6-59% of cases, and papillomas in 35-56% of cases. Papillomas resulting in nipple discharge are often excised, and surgical excision of papillomas with atypical features have an upgrade rate of malignancy on excision of 21-38%. Nipple discharge is associated with a 5-23% risk of malignancy in women, typically DCIS. Any discharge in a man is suspicious and associated with breast cancer in 25-57% of cases. […] Galactography or ductography had previously been considered the gold standard for evaluation of nipple discharge, however in recent years this modality is falling out of favor, as there are several disadvantages, such as difficulty with duct catheterization resulting in procedure failure, and procedural risks including contrast extravasation, iodinated contrast allergy, and mastitis. In addition, ductography cannot differentiate malignant from benign lesions. More recent studies show that MRI is much more sensitive than ductography (98% for MRI, versus 49% for ductography). Another advantage of MRI is that it evaluates more of the breast parenchyma, however this may also be considered a disadvantage as it results in a high false positive rate.

• #145 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #146 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #147 Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) | Midwest Radiology

  https://www.midwestradiology.com/news-and-events/nipple-discharge-non-lactating

  Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) […] The function of breasts is to produce milk. Sometimes a woman makes milk even when she is not breast-feeding. This nipple discharge is called galactorrhea. Women are more prone to nipple discharge at puberty and just prior to menopause. A woman with inverted nipples may have a discharge caused by dried sweat and/or debris becoming trapped in the nipple. Just by squeezing the nipple, the hormone prolactin is activated and can initiate or increase a discharge. Breast discharge in men is uncommon and should be checked by a doctor. If a mass is found, your physician may order additional imaging. […] Diagnosis […] A sample of the discharge may be collected by your doctor or a surgeon. The fluid discharge is often examined under a microscope to detect abnormal cells. A mammogram is typically performed to screen for any signs of cancer or abnormalities and ultrasound may be used to evaluate the ductal system around the nipple. The radiologist may also examine the duct system with a procedure called a ductogram, which can identify the most common causes of nipple discharge.

• #148 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #149 Nipple Discharge – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/how-work-up-patient-with/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge in women is usually due to benign pathologies including ductal ectasia in 6-59% of cases, and papillomas in 35-56% of cases. Papillomas resulting in nipple discharge are often excised, and surgical excision of papillomas with atypical features have an upgrade rate of malignancy on excision of 21-38%. Nipple discharge is associated with a 5-23% risk of malignancy in women, typically DCIS. Any discharge in a man is suspicious and associated with breast cancer in 25-57% of cases. […] Galactography or ductography had previously been considered the gold standard for evaluation of nipple discharge, however in recent years this modality is falling out of favor, as there are several disadvantages, such as difficulty with duct catheterization resulting in procedure failure, and procedural risks including contrast extravasation, iodinated contrast allergy, and mastitis. In addition, ductography cannot differentiate malignant from benign lesions. More recent studies show that MRI is much more sensitive than ductography (98% for MRI, versus 49% for ductography). Another advantage of MRI is that it evaluates more of the breast parenchyma, however this may also be considered a disadvantage as it results in a high false positive rate.

• #150 Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) | Midwest Radiology

  https://www.midwestradiology.com/news-and-events/nipple-discharge-non-lactating

  Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) […] The function of breasts is to produce milk. Sometimes a woman makes milk even when she is not breast-feeding. This nipple discharge is called galactorrhea. Women are more prone to nipple discharge at puberty and just prior to menopause. A woman with inverted nipples may have a discharge caused by dried sweat and/or debris becoming trapped in the nipple. Just by squeezing the nipple, the hormone prolactin is activated and can initiate or increase a discharge. Breast discharge in men is uncommon and should be checked by a doctor. If a mass is found, your physician may order additional imaging. […] Diagnosis […] A sample of the discharge may be collected by your doctor or a surgeon. The fluid discharge is often examined under a microscope to detect abnormal cells. A mammogram is typically performed to screen for any signs of cancer or abnormalities and ultrasound may be used to evaluate the ductal system around the nipple. The radiologist may also examine the duct system with a procedure called a ductogram, which can identify the most common causes of nipple discharge.

• #151 Nipple Discharge – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/how-work-up-patient-with/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge in women is usually due to benign pathologies including ductal ectasia in 6-59% of cases, and papillomas in 35-56% of cases. Papillomas resulting in nipple discharge are often excised, and surgical excision of papillomas with atypical features have an upgrade rate of malignancy on excision of 21-38%. Nipple discharge is associated with a 5-23% risk of malignancy in women, typically DCIS. Any discharge in a man is suspicious and associated with breast cancer in 25-57% of cases. […] Galactography or ductography had previously been considered the gold standard for evaluation of nipple discharge, however in recent years this modality is falling out of favor, as there are several disadvantages, such as difficulty with duct catheterization resulting in procedure failure, and procedural risks including contrast extravasation, iodinated contrast allergy, and mastitis. In addition, ductography cannot differentiate malignant from benign lesions. More recent studies show that MRI is much more sensitive than ductography (98% for MRI, versus 49% for ductography). Another advantage of MRI is that it evaluates more of the breast parenchyma, however this may also be considered a disadvantage as it results in a high false positive rate.

• #152 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #153 Should I be concerned about Nipple Discharge? – Breast Cancer Research Centre WA

  https://bcrc-wa.com.au/patient_resources/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a benign growth of the cells lining of a milk duct. It may cause no symptoms, or cause nipple discharge. […] The great majority of nipple discharge is not associated with breast cancer. However, a small proportion of women with breast cancer may have nipple discharge as the initial symptom. […] An underlying cancer is more of a concern if the discharge is from one breast only, arising from a single milk duct, blood-stained in colour, and associated with other symptoms such as a breast lump or inverted nipple. […] Prolactin and thyroid hormone levels are checked if discharge is bilateral, multi-duct and white. […] If the investigations reveal an underlying breast condition such as a papilloma, Pagets disease or breast cancer, then surgery may be required. […] Nipple discharge is a common breast symptom. While it is usually benign and requires no specific treatment, it can indicate a more serious underlying condition.

• #154 Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) | Midwest Radiology

  https://www.midwestradiology.com/news-and-events/nipple-discharge-non-lactating

  Nipple Discharge (Non-Lactating) […] The function of breasts is to produce milk. Sometimes a woman makes milk even when she is not breast-feeding. This nipple discharge is called galactorrhea. Women are more prone to nipple discharge at puberty and just prior to menopause. A woman with inverted nipples may have a discharge caused by dried sweat and/or debris becoming trapped in the nipple. Just by squeezing the nipple, the hormone prolactin is activated and can initiate or increase a discharge. Breast discharge in men is uncommon and should be checked by a doctor. If a mass is found, your physician may order additional imaging. […] Diagnosis […] A sample of the discharge may be collected by your doctor or a surgeon. The fluid discharge is often examined under a microscope to detect abnormal cells. A mammogram is typically performed to screen for any signs of cancer or abnormalities and ultrasound may be used to evaluate the ductal system around the nipple. The radiologist may also examine the duct system with a procedure called a ductogram, which can identify the most common causes of nipple discharge.

• #155 Should I be concerned about Nipple Discharge? – Breast Cancer Research Centre WA

  https://bcrc-wa.com.au/patient_resources/nipple-discharge/

  A duct papilloma is a benign growth of the cells lining of a milk duct. It may cause no symptoms, or cause nipple discharge. […] The great majority of nipple discharge is not associated with breast cancer. However, a small proportion of women with breast cancer may have nipple discharge as the initial symptom. […] An underlying cancer is more of a concern if the discharge is from one breast only, arising from a single milk duct, blood-stained in colour, and associated with other symptoms such as a breast lump or inverted nipple. […] Prolactin and thyroid hormone levels are checked if discharge is bilateral, multi-duct and white. […] If the investigations reveal an underlying breast condition such as a papilloma, Pagets disease or breast cancer, then surgery may be required. […] Nipple discharge is a common breast symptom. While it is usually benign and requires no specific treatment, it can indicate a more serious underlying condition.

• #156 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #157 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #158 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  Patients with PND who should still undergo surgical excision include those with imaging abnormalities, a personal or family history of breast cancer, BRCA1/2 mutations, or PND that persists for over 2 years. In these patients, and in patients who desire cessation of the discharge, ductal excision is typically both diagnostic and therapeutic.

• #159 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #160 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  Patients with PND who should still undergo surgical excision include those with imaging abnormalities, a personal or family history of breast cancer, BRCA1/2 mutations, or PND that persists for over 2 years. In these patients, and in patients who desire cessation of the discharge, ductal excision is typically both diagnostic and therapeutic.

• #161 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  Patients with PND who should still undergo surgical excision include those with imaging abnormalities, a personal or family history of breast cancer, BRCA1/2 mutations, or PND that persists for over 2 years. In these patients, and in patients who desire cessation of the discharge, ductal excision is typically both diagnostic and therapeutic.

• #162

  http://www.journalononcology.org/articles/joo-v3-1112.html

  Nipple discharge is recognized as the third most common breast symptom, following breast pain and lumps. Although it is related to benign diseases mainly, an incidence of 5% to 12% associated with breast carcinoma still occurs. […] The dominating etiology of incurring Pathologic Nipple Discharge (PND) is a benign papilloma, with an incidence of 52%-57%. Duct ectasia is another of the most common benign causes of PND, representing approximately 14%- 33% of the cases, while breast cancers such as Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) take up 5%-15% of cases of pathologic nipple discharge. In addition, breast infections, including periductal mastitis and breast abscess, are also incurring etiologies. […] Pathological Nipple Discharge (PND) is a breast-related diseases most significant aberrant symptom. It is characterized by sanguineous, blood-stained, or serous-like (transparent or colored) fluid secretory production rather than regular milk lactation with the occurrence unilaterally within a single duct orifice of the nipple.

• #163 Nipple Discharge Screening

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/713539

  Nipple discharge is a common complaint among women. It is classified as normal or abnormal depending on features such as laterality, cycle variation, quantity, color or presentation (i.e., induced vs spontaneous). It can be related to benign conditions, such as intraductal papilloma, duct ectasia, plasma cell mastitis or galactorrhea; or to malignant conditions such as ductal, lobular or papillary carcinoma. […] Although most nipple discharge is due to a benign etiology, approximately 7-15% is due to breast carcinoma. […] Not all nipple discharges are abnormal. Therefore, it is necessary to categorize it as normal (i.e., causally connected to lactation and not related to an underlying histologic abnormality) or abnormal, or to attribute it to galactorrhea according to history and physical examination.

• #164 Nipple Discharge – Gynecology and Obstetrics – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/breast-disorders/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge can occur in women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding, especially during the reproductive years. […] Most frequently, nipple discharge has a benign cause (see table Some Causes of Nipple Discharge). Cancer (usually intraductal carcinoma or invasive ductal carcinoma) causes 10% of cases. The rest result from benign ductal disorders (eg, intraductal papilloma, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes), endocrine disorders (eg, pituitary tumor), liver disorders, breast abscesses or infections, or use of certain drugs. Of these causes, intraductal papilloma is probably the most common; it is also the most common cause of a bloody nipple discharge without a breast mass. […] Bilateral, multiductal, guaiac-negative discharge is usually benign and has an endocrine etiology. […] Spontaneous, unilateral discharge requires diagnostic testing; this type of discharge may be cancer, particularly if it is bloody (or guaiac-positive).

• #165

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. Most causes of nipple discharge are not cancer. In fact, about 90 percent of people who experience abnormal nipple discharge do not have cancer. However, if you have other signs and symptoms of breast cancer along with nipple discharge, your chances of having breast cancer are increased. Some of those signs and symptoms to look for are: a lump in the breast, nipple discharge is only from one breast, bloody or pink discharge, the nipple discharge is spontaneous (it happens without nipple stimulation) and persistent (it happens regularly). […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if it occurs in women over 40 or it occurs in men or boys.

• #166 Nipple Discharge | Dr. Farid Meybodi, Breast & Endocrine Surgeon, Westmead Bella Vista NSW

  https://www.drfaridmeybodi.com.au/nipple-discharge.html

  You need to seek immediate medical attention from your doctor for nipple discharge if it is accompanied with any of these: Pain, redness, swelling, or lump in the breasts, Foul-smelling or blood-stained discharge, Changes in nipple such as inward turning, dimpling, scaling, itching, or change in colour, Change in size, shape, and consistency of breast, A discharge that comes from only one breast, A discharge that seeps out without any pressure on your breasts, You are no longer breast feeding yet notice a discharge, The discharge is not a one-off episode and is regularly occurring, You are over the age of 50. […] Some of the tests and procedures involved with the diagnosis of nipple discharge include: A review of your medical history to check for any previous history of breast conditions, A clinical breast examination to check for any lumps, nipple abnormalities, tenderness, or changes in the appearance of the breasts, Mammogram an X-ray examination of the breast to check for subtle changes not detected during physical exam, Ultrasound scan use of high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of breast tissue to differentiate between a fluid-filled cyst and a solid mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) use of radio wave and strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of breast tissue to detect cancerous lesions, Breast biopsy surgical removal of a sample of breast tissue or cells and fluid from a suspicious area for microscopic analysis, Blood tests to look for hormonal abnormalities.

• #167 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge means any fluid that comes out of a breast nipple. […] Nipple discharge during pregnancy and breast-feeding is typical. At other times, it may not be cause for worry. But it’s good to have a healthcare professional examine your breasts if the nipple discharge is a new symptom. Men who ever have nipple discharge should have a medical exam. […] Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. […] Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if:

• #168 Nipple discharge: Causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319539

  Nipple discharge can be a symptom of breast cancer, according to a 2019 study. The same study states that in 5% to 33% of cases, women who report having nipple discharge also have an underlying malignancy. […] Males who experience nipple discharge need to consider talking with their doctor, as it is atypical and could signal an underlying issue. Any person with concerns about their discharge or who experiences bloody discharge needs to seek help. Although rare, it could be a symptom of cancer.

• #169 Nipple Discharge | Baylor Scott & White Health

  https://www.bswhealth.com/conditions/nipple-discharge

  Pagets disease is a rare cause of nipple discharge. […] Any male nipple discharge needs to be checked by a doctor. […] If youre experiencing nipple discharge, a visit to the doctor can give you the answers you need. […] To diagnose the cause behind your nipple discharge or other related symptoms, your doctor will likely ask you questions about your medical history and perform an exam. […] Your care team will work with you to create a care plan to treat your nipple discharge. […] If a medication or underlying medical condition is the cause, then your doctor will guide you through your options.

• #170 Nipple Discharge: Colour, Causes & Treatment

  https://birminghambreastgroup.com/concerns/nipple-discharge/

  These tests can help determine the cause of the nipple discharge and rule out any underlying malignancy. […] The approach to treating nipple discharge depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. […] Treatment options for nipple discharge may include medications to alleviate inflammation or infection, surgical excision of intraductal papillomas or other benign growths, or, in rare cases, mastectomy for more severe or recurrent conditions. […] In conclusion, nipple discharge can be a distressing symptom that warrants thorough evaluation to rule out underlying breast conditions, including breast cancer.

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