Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Nipple discharge – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint, after breast pain and breast mass. During their reproductive years, up to 80 percent of women will have an episode of nipple discharge. […] Most nipple discharge is of benign origin. The primary goals of evaluation and management are to differentiate patients with benign nipple discharge from those who have an underlying papilloma, high-risk lesion, or malignancy and to manage patients with underlying pathologic nipple discharge. […] The types of nipple discharge and how to evaluate and manage this common problem will be reviewed here. […] Nipple discharge is categorized as normal milk production (lactation), physiologic nipple discharge (galactorrhea), or pathologic (suspicious) nipple discharge based on the characteristics of presentation.

• #2 Nipple discharge – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint, after breast pain and breast mass. During their reproductive years, up to 80 percent of women will have an episode of nipple discharge. […] Most nipple discharge is of benign origin. The primary goals of evaluation and management are to differentiate patients with benign nipple discharge from those who have an underlying papilloma, high-risk lesion, or malignancy and to manage patients with underlying pathologic nipple discharge. […] The types of nipple discharge and how to evaluate and manage this common problem will be reviewed here. […] Nipple discharge is categorized as normal milk production (lactation), physiologic nipple discharge (galactorrhea), or pathologic (suspicious) nipple discharge based on the characteristics of presentation.

• #3 Surgical management of pathologic nipple discharge – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/surgical-management-of-pathologic-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint, after breast pain and breast mass. During their reproductive years, up to 80 percent of women will have an episode of nipple discharge, and 6.8 percent of women referred to a surgeon because of symptoms of a breast disorder have nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge is categorized as normal milk production (lactation), physiologic nipple discharge (galactorrhea), or pathologic (suspicious) nipple discharge. The most common causes of pathologic nipple discharge are benign intraductal papilloma (35 to 48 percent), ductal ectasia (17 to 36 percent), and carcinoma (5 to 21 percent). […] The surgical evaluation and management of pathologic nipple discharge is discussed here. […] Pathologic nipple discharge, defined as secretory production of fluids other than milk due to pathological process in the breast, should be suspected by the presence of one or more of the following: Unilateral nipple discharge.

• #4 Nipple Discharge Causes and Treatment | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/nipple-discharge-causes-and-treatment

  Nipple discharge is a common concern for many individuals, especially women. While it is often harmless, understanding the various causes and potential treatments is essential for maintaining good breast health. […] Nipple discharge refers to any fluid that comes from the nipple, whether spontaneous or expressed. Discharge may vary in colour, consistency, and odour. Some common colours include clear, milky, yellow, green, or even bloody. The consistency can range from thin and watery to thick and sticky. In most cases, nipple discharge is normal and harmless, but it is essential to be aware of potential issues that may require medical attention. […] If you see any of the following symptoms, it is crucial to consult a doctor for further evaluation: […] Remember that early evaluation can significantly impact treatment outcomes and improve the chances of recovery.

• #5 Nipple Discharge: Color, Causes, What It Means & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21014-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from your nipple in one or both breasts. Its important to have a healthcare provider examine your breasts and determine the cause of any nipple discharge. […] Healthcare providers consider nipple discharge abnormal when it occurs spontaneously (not caused by breast stimulation), is bloody or only occurs in one breast. […] Its always best to check with a healthcare provider so they can rule out any serious conditions causing nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge is concerning when: […] Contact a healthcare provider about any nipple discharge thats new, that lasts longer than a few weeks or if the discharge: […] Nipple discharge is usually not a cause for worry, but its a good idea to get it checked out. Symptoms like the color of the discharge, frequency of discharge and if it comes from one or both breasts can help a healthcare provider determine a cause. A healthcare provider will examine your breasts and run any imaging tests that may be necessary. Its rarely a sign of breast cancer, but it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. In most cases, nipple discharge in women happens due to hormones, a blocked milk duct or a noncancerous lump or tumor. Nipple discharge in men is almost always abnormal.

• #6 Nipple Discharge – Clinical Methods – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284/

  Nipple discharge is the passage of liquid material through the nipple either spontaneously or with manipulation of breast tissue. […] Important history to elicit from the patient is bilaterality or unilaterality of the discharge and association with other symptoms, such as mass, pain, skin or nipple changes. […] Discharge from the breast is an abnormal finding except in late pregnancy or the postpartum period. There are seven basic types of nipple discharge, each of which can be associated with specific clinical conditions. […] In patients with acute puerperal mastitis, chronic lactation mastitis, central breast abscesses, or plasma cell mastitis, pus can be discharged, usually unilaterally. […] The most common cause of these discharges is intraductal papillomas, but fibrocystic disease, advanced duct ectasia, cancer of the breast, and vascular engorgement in near-term pregnancy can also be causative.

• #7 Nipple discharge – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint, after breast pain and breast mass. During their reproductive years, up to 80 percent of women will have an episode of nipple discharge. […] Most nipple discharge is of benign origin. The primary goals of evaluation and management are to differentiate patients with benign nipple discharge from those who have an underlying papilloma, high-risk lesion, or malignancy and to manage patients with underlying pathologic nipple discharge. […] The types of nipple discharge and how to evaluate and manage this common problem will be reviewed here. […] Nipple discharge is categorized as normal milk production (lactation), physiologic nipple discharge (galactorrhea), or pathologic (suspicious) nipple discharge based on the characteristics of presentation.

• #8 Nipple Discharge Not Usually Concerning, But Worth Mentioning to Your Doctor – Lakeland Regional Health

  https://www.mylrh.org/nipple-discharge-not-usually-concerning-but-worth-mentioning-to-your-doctor/

  Nipple discharge, one of the most common breast complaints in women, is defined by fluid that leaks out of the nipple of the breast. […] Up to 50%-80% of women experience small quantities (drops) of nipple discharge at some point during their reproductive years. […] Nipple discharge normally occurs during pregnancy and while breastfeeding due to hormonal changes. […] Nipple discharge in non-pregnant women is often benign and can be caused by a multitude of factors, but should be evaluated. […] Nipple discharge in a man, however, is never normal and requires additional evaluation. […] There are three types of nipple discharge: lactation, physiologic and pathologic (suspicious) discharge. […] If you are experiencing nipple discharge, talk to your doctor. He or she may refer you to a Breast Surgeon for further evaluation.

• #9 Nipple Problems and Discharge | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/health-information/health-and-wellness-library/article/adult-diseases-and-conditions-v0/nipple-problems-and-discharge

  Nipple discharge that is due to a noncancer breast condition may be treated by keeping the nipple clean, among other treatments. […] Nipple discharge can be different colors and textures. Your healthcare provider may take a sample of the discharge and have it checked in a lab to confirm a diagnosis.

• #10 Breast Discharge: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://www.mmclinic.com/333/breast-discharge

  Based on your medical evaluation, your doctor will determine whether your nipple discharge is normal (physiologic) or abnormal (pathologic). Even if your doctor determines your breast discharge is abnormal, keep in mind that most pathological conditions that cause nipple discharge are not serious and are easily treated. […] Some causes of normal nipple discharge include: Pregnancy: In the early stages of pregnancy, some women notice clear breast discharge coming from their nipples. At later stages of pregnancy, this discharge may take on a watery, milky appearance. […] A number of non-cancerous conditions can cause nipple discharge. […] If your initial medical evaluation indicates the discharge is abnormal, your doctor may ask for more tests. The tests will help determine the underlying condition that’s causing the problem and may include one or more of the following: Laboratory analysis of the discharge, Blood tests, Mammogram and/or ultrasound of one or both breasts, A brain scan, Surgical excision and analysis of one or more ducts in your nipple.

• #11 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is very common. Fluid can be obtained from the nipples of approximately 50-70% of normal women when special techniques, massage, or devices such as breast pumps are used. This discharge of fluid from a normal breast is referred to as physiological discharge. […] This discharge is usually yellow, milky, or green in appearance, it does not happen spontaneously, and it can often be seen to be coming from more than one duct. Physiological nipple discharge is no cause for concern.

• #12 Nipple Discharge Treatment Sydney | Nipple Discharge Surgery North Sydney NSW

  https://www.surgicaloncology.com.au/nipple-discharge-breast-surgeon-north-sydney-nsw.html

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. […] Nipple discharge is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. […] Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is very common. Fluid can be obtained from the nipples of approximately 50-70% of normal women when special techniques, massage, or devices such as breast pumps are used. This discharge of fluid from a normal breast is referred to as physiological discharge. […] This discharge is usually yellow, milky, or green in appearance, it does not happen spontaneously, and it can often be seen to be coming from more than one duct. Physiological nipple discharge is no cause for concern.

• #13 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is very common. Fluid can be obtained from the nipples of approximately 50-70% of normal women when special techniques, massage, or devices such as breast pumps are used. This discharge of fluid from a normal breast is referred to as physiological discharge. […] This discharge is usually yellow, milky, or green in appearance, it does not happen spontaneously, and it can often be seen to be coming from more than one duct. Physiological nipple discharge is no cause for concern.

• #14 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is a very common breast symptom and in most cases is part of the normal function of the breast rather than being caused by a problem. Nipple discharge alone (without a lump or other nipple change) is a very uncommon symptom of breast cancer. […] Nipple discharge is very common. Fluid can be obtained from the nipples of approximately 50-70% of normal women when special techniques, massage, or devices such as breast pumps are used. This discharge of fluid from a normal breast is referred to as physiological discharge. […] This discharge is usually yellow, milky, or green in appearance, it does not happen spontaneously, and it can often be seen to be coming from more than one duct. Physiological nipple discharge is no cause for concern.

• #15 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Spontaneous nipple discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding is considered abnormal. In most cases it has a non-cancerous (benign) cause. Spontaneous nipple discharge that is caused by disease (pathology) in the breast is more likely to be from one breast only (unilateral), confined to a single duct, and clear or blood-stained in appearance. […] Nipple discharge that is associated with other symptoms such as a lump in the breast or ulceration or inversion of the nipple needs prompt investigation, even if it is not spontaneous or blood-stained. […] Nipple discharge diagnosed as physiological discharge requires no treatment. It is important to stop expressing, or squeezing the nipple and breast, as this causes more fluid to be made. […] Nipple discharge that is spontaneous, blood-stained, persistent, and unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding needs to be investigated further. This investigation will include clinical examination by a doctor, and imaging of the breast with a mammogram and/or breast ultrasound. […] Surgery for nipple discharge is sometimes warranted. This is usually reserved for cases where a significant abnormality, such as a papilloma or breast cancer is suspected.

• #16 Common Breast Problems | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0415/p505.html

  Nipple discharge is classified as pathologic if it is spontaneous, bloody, unilateral, or associated with a breast mass. […] Patients with pathologic discharge should undergo diagnostic imaging. […] The initial workup includes a comprehensive history and physical examination, with the primary aim of distinguishing between normal lactation, nonpuerperal galactorrhea, and pathologic discharge. […] If discharge is deemed pathologic, age-appropriate diagnostic imaging with mammography and/or ultrasonography is indicated. […] The clinical utility of cytology is limited because of its high rate of false-negative findings. […] Imaging results of BI-RADS 4 or 5 require tissue biopsy. […] Duct excision, potentially localized by ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ductography, is preferred to rule out malignancy.

• #17 Common Breast Problems | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0415/p505.html

  Nipple discharge is classified as pathologic if it is spontaneous, bloody, unilateral, or associated with a breast mass. […] Patients with pathologic discharge should undergo diagnostic imaging. […] The initial workup includes a comprehensive history and physical examination, with the primary aim of distinguishing between normal lactation, nonpuerperal galactorrhea, and pathologic discharge. […] If discharge is deemed pathologic, age-appropriate diagnostic imaging with mammography and/or ultrasonography is indicated. […] The clinical utility of cytology is limited because of its high rate of false-negative findings. […] Imaging results of BI-RADS 4 or 5 require tissue biopsy. […] Duct excision, potentially localized by ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ductography, is preferred to rule out malignancy.

• #18 Nipple discharge | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/what-is-breast-cancer/non-cancerous-conditions/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from one or both nipples. It is normal after a woman gives birth because her breasts are making milk for the baby. Nipple discharge may be a concern when it: […] Nipple discharge is usually due to a benign condition. Discharge from one nipple is more likely to be caused by a problem in that breast. Discharge from both nipples is more likely to be caused by something outside of the breast, such as an endocrine gland problem. Have your doctor check any nipple discharge. […] If you have nipple discharge, your doctor may ask about any medications that you are taking. The following tests may be used for diagnosis. […] Treatment for nipple discharge will depend on what is causing it. Treatment options may include: medications to treat hormone or endocrine gland problems, antibiotics for breast infections, and draining any pus collecting in the breast (abscess), surgery to remove a duct.

• #19 Nipple Discharge: Causes and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is common and usually not serious, but it may be a symptom of an underlying condition. Its always a good idea to discuss any new discharge with a healthcare professional. […] Discharge is usually not serious. Still, it can be a sign of breast cancer, so its worth talking about with a doctor. […] If you do have breast cancer, the discharge will probably come from one breast only. You may have a lump in your breast, too. […] Its still a good idea to get any breast discharge checked out, especially if its a new symptom for you. […] Nipple discharge is usually nothing to worry about. Still, because it can be a sign of breast cancer, its worth having a doctor check it out. Its especially important to see a doctor if: […] Your doctor will start by asking questions about the discharge, including: […] The doctor will do a clinical exam to check your breasts for lumps or other signs of cancer. You may also have one or more of these tests: […] Your doctor may treat discharge from other causes based on the condition.

• #20 Abnormal Nipple Discharge Birmingham, Maddux | Breast Treatments Alabama

  https://www.breastcarecenterofbirmingham.com/abnormal-nipple-discharge-dr-april-maddux-alabama.html

  This symptom involves abnormal discharge from the nipple(s) […] The likelihood of nipple discharge increases with age and number of pregnancies. […] While a milky nipple discharge is rare in men and in women who have never been pregnant, it does occur. […] It is relatively common in women who have had at least one pregnancy. […] The nature of the discharge can range in color, consistency, composition, and may occur on one side or both sides. […] Other nipple discharges can be bloody or purulent (containing pus), depending on the cause. […] Follow provider-prescribed therapy. […] If there is any abnormal nipple discharge, call your health care provider. […] The physical examination will include examination of the breasts for lumps or other abnormality.

• #21 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  PND is a clinical diagnosis that warrants a thorough work-up, not only because of the risk of malignancy, but also because of the concern it causes patients. […] Mammography should be the initial study in women 40 years of age or older and men 25 years of age or older. […] While all patients previously underwent surgical intervention, conservative management with close follow-up, biannual US, and yearly mammogram can now be considered in select patients. […] Patients with PND who should still undergo surgical excision include those with imaging abnormalities, a personal or family history of breast cancer, BRCA1/2 mutations, or PND that persists for over 2 years. […] In these patients, and in patients who desire cessation of the discharge, ductal excision is typically both diagnostic and therapeutic.

• #22 Nipple Discharge – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/how-work-up-patient-with/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is the third leading breast complaint after lumps and pain, with a prevalence of 5-10% in women. Nipple discharge can be categorized as follows: galactorrhea, discharge in pregnant women, purulent discharge, multiple pore discharge, and single or pauci-pore discharge. […] Characteristics of suspicious nipple discharge include unilateral/single pore, spontaneous, persistent, and clear, serous or bloody discharge. Any nipple discharge with an associated palpable abnormality or new nipple inversion should be considered suspicious. […] Nipple discharge in women is usually due to benign pathologies including ductal ectasia in 6-59% of cases, and papillomas in 35-56% of cases. […] Nipple discharge is associated with a 5-23% risk of malignancy in women, typically DCIS. […] Mammography and ultrasound should be used as first line imaging modalities in evaluating suspicious nipple discharge.

• #23 I am a 21-year-old female, having nipple discharge. Please help.

  https://www.icliniq.com/qa/nipple-discharge/what-is-the-treatment-for-nipple-discharge-from-both-breasts

  The most common causes for nipple discharge are hypothyroidism or increased prolactin levels. […] The most probable diagnosis is galactorrhea. […] First, you have to be sure that you are not pregnant. […] I suggest you to do a few laboratory tests: […] Serum prolactin levels are responsible for nipple discharge. […] Follow up report as soon as possible. We will require a complete evaluation to know the cause of the discharge, as it is not normal.

• #24 Nipple Symptoms – RefHelp

  https://apps.nhslothian.scot/refhelp/guidelines/breastdisease/nipplesymptoms/

  If less than 50 years of age, and multiple ducts, then watchful waiting unless any of the above factors are present. If persistent then can REFER. […] If the discharge is profuse and milky then check prolactin level before referring. A prolactin level of 1000mU/L is significant. […] Women who can be managed, at least initially, by their GP include: […] Women under 50 who have nipple discharge that is from more than one duct, or where the discharge is intermittent and is neither bloodstained or troublesome. […] To check for occult blood staining discharge can be checked using urinalysis dipstick. […] If the discharge is profuse and milky then check prolactin level before referring. A prolactin level of 1000mU/L is significant.

• #25 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946

  Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: You have a lump in your breast. The discharge comes from only one breast. The discharge is bloody or clear. The discharge happens on its own and is ongoing. You can see that the discharge is coming from a single duct. […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Abscess. Birth control pills. Breast cancer. Breast infection. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Endocrine conditions. Fibrocystic breasts. Galactorrhea. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Injury or trauma to the breast. Intraductal papilloma. Mammary duct ectasia. Medicines. Menstrual cycle hormone changes. Paget’s disease of the breast. Periductal mastitis. Pregnancy and breast-feeding. Prolactinoma. Too much handling of the breast or pressure on the breast. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #26 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946

  Nipple discharge is a typical part of how the breast works during pregnancy or breast-feeding. It also can be linked to menstrual hormone changes and common changes in breast tissue, called fibrocystic breast. The milky discharge after breast-feeding most often affects both breasts. It can continue for up to one year or more after giving birth or stopping nursing. […] A papilloma is a noncancerous, also called benign, tumor in a milk duct. A papilloma can be linked to bloody discharge. The discharge linked with a papilloma often happens spontaneously and involves a single duct. […] The bloody discharge may clear up on its own. But your healthcare professional is likely to want a diagnostic mammogram and a breast ultrasound to see what’s causing the discharge. […] You also may need a biopsy to confirm that it’s a papilloma or to rule out a cancer. If the biopsy shows a papilloma, a member of your healthcare team will refer you to a surgeon to talk about treatment options.

• #27 Hormones and Breast Discharge: Causes of Different Colors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/benign-nipple-discharge-430412

  Nipple discharge is very common and rarely dangerous. […] Hormones can cause normal breast discharge that’s related or unrelated to pregnancy. Common hormonal causes of nipple discharge include: Normal hormonal shifts (e.g., menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, pregnancy loss), Hormonal medication side effects (e.g., birth control pills), Hormone-related health conditions (e.g., pituitary gland problems). […] This article describes the different types of hormone-related nipple discharge, their symptoms, and what causes them. It also explains how to stop nipple discharge and what may be causing this if not hormonal changes. […] Common hormonal causes of breast discharge include: Menstrual cycle changes (e.g., during premenopausal and postmenopausal periods of life), Pregnancy and lactation, Galactorrhea, Certain medical conditions that affect hormone levels, Hormonal medications.

• #28 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/causes/sym-20050946

  Often, a harmless condition causes nipple discharge. However, the discharge might mean breast cancer, especially if: You have a lump in your breast. The discharge comes from only one breast. The discharge is bloody or clear. The discharge happens on its own and is ongoing. You can see that the discharge is coming from a single duct. […] Possible causes of nipple discharge include: Abscess. Birth control pills. Breast cancer. Breast infection. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Endocrine conditions. Fibrocystic breasts. Galactorrhea. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Injury or trauma to the breast. Intraductal papilloma. Mammary duct ectasia. Medicines. Menstrual cycle hormone changes. Paget’s disease of the breast. Periductal mastitis. Pregnancy and breast-feeding. Prolactinoma. Too much handling of the breast or pressure on the breast. […] Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

• #29 Nipple discharge: Causes and treatments

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319539

  Nipple discharge can be a symptom of breast cancer, according to a 2019 study. […] For most females, this means that nipple discharge is not cancerous. If cancer is causing the nipple discharge, it might be ductal carcinoma in situ or papillary carcinoma. […] The treatment options depend on the cause and type of the discharge. Nipple discharge due to a physiological response does not usually require any treatment. […] Any person with concerns about their discharge or who experiences bloody discharge needs to seek help. Although rare, it could be a symptom of cancer.

• #30

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2678

  Fluid leaking from one or both nipples when you are not breastfeeding is called nipple discharge. Clear, cloudy, or white discharge that appears only when you press on your nipple is usually normal. The more the nipple is pressed or stimulated, the more fluid appears. Yellow, green, or brown discharge is not normal and may be a symptom of an infection or other problem. […] Spontaneous discharge appears without pressing or stimulating the nipple. This is not normal unless you are pregnant or breastfeeding. It may be a side effect of a medicine, or it may be caused by other health problems. The treatment of spontaneous nipple discharge depends on what is causing it. You may need additional tests to find out what is causing the nipple discharge. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take.

• #31 Hormones and Breast Discharge: Causes of Different Colors

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/benign-nipple-discharge-430412

  Normal fluctuations in estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle can lead to breast tissue changes and nipple discharge. […] Colostrum (the fluid that comes in before breast milk) can start to leak weeks or even months before birth. […] Galactorrhea is a milky nipple discharge that happens when there are high levels of prolactin in the body (hyperprolactinemia). […] Some health conditions can change the levels of certain hormones in your body. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and non-cancerous growths on the pituitary gland can both cause nipple discharge because they can change how much prolactin is in your body. […] Medications such as hormonal contraceptives (e.g., birth control pills) and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) can have a milky nipple discharge as a side effect since they change the levels of hormones (like estrogen) in your body.

• #32 Nipple Discharge Causes and Treatment | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/nipple-discharge-causes-and-treatment

  Nipple discharge treatment depends on the underlying cause. Some common nipple discharge treatment approaches include: […] In addition to medical treatments, there are several home remedies and self-care measures that can help manage nipple discharge: […] While it may not be possible to prevent all cases of nipple discharge, there are several steps you can take to promote breast health: […] Being aware of the various nipple discharge causes and treatments is essential for maintaining good breast health. Don’t hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional if you have any concerns or experience symptoms that may indicate a problem. Early intervention is key to ensuring the best possible outcomes and preserving your breast health.

• #33 Nipple Discharge Fact Sheet | Westmead BCI

  https://www.bci.org.au/breast-cancer-information/fact-sheets/nipple-discharge/

  Spontaneous nipple discharge unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding is considered abnormal. In most cases it has a non-cancerous (benign) cause. Spontaneous nipple discharge that is caused by disease (pathology) in the breast is more likely to be from one breast only (unilateral), confined to a single duct, and clear or blood-stained in appearance. […] Nipple discharge that is associated with other symptoms such as a lump in the breast or ulceration or inversion of the nipple needs prompt investigation, even if it is not spontaneous or blood-stained. […] Nipple discharge diagnosed as physiological discharge requires no treatment. It is important to stop expressing, or squeezing the nipple and breast, as this causes more fluid to be made. […] Nipple discharge that is spontaneous, blood-stained, persistent, and unrelated to pregnancy or breast feeding needs to be investigated further. This investigation will include clinical examination by a doctor, and imaging of the breast with a mammogram and/or breast ultrasound. […] Surgery for nipple discharge is sometimes warranted. This is usually reserved for cases where a significant abnormality, such as a papilloma or breast cancer is suspected.

• #34 Nipple Discharge and Papillomas — The Breast Care Centre | Breast Cancer Surgeon Sydney | A/Prof Cindy Mak & Dr Susannah Graham

  https://www.thebreastcarecentre.com.au/nipple-discharge-papillomas

  Nipple discharge diagnosed as physiological discharge requires no treatment. It is important to stop expressing, or squeezing the nipple and breast, as this causes more fluid to be made. […] Surgery for nipple discharge is sometimes warranted. This is usually reserved for cases where a significant abnormality, such as a papilloma or breast cancer is suspected.

• #35 Breast Nipple Discharge | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18591

  The treatment of breast discharge depends on the etiology. A physiological discharge does not require any treatment. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families.

• #36 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  PND is a clinical diagnosis that warrants a thorough work-up, not only because of the risk of malignancy, but also because of the concern it causes patients. […] Mammography should be the initial study in women 40 years of age or older and men 25 years of age or older. […] While all patients previously underwent surgical intervention, conservative management with close follow-up, biannual US, and yearly mammogram can now be considered in select patients. […] Patients with PND who should still undergo surgical excision include those with imaging abnormalities, a personal or family history of breast cancer, BRCA1/2 mutations, or PND that persists for over 2 years. […] In these patients, and in patients who desire cessation of the discharge, ductal excision is typically both diagnostic and therapeutic.

• #37 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  Surgical intervention for PND is comprised of either total subareolar duct excision or selective duct excision of the affected duct. […] While surgery was once considered the primary course of treatment for PND a transition in management is occurring. […] Surgical resection is no longer recommended in patients with PND, normal imaging (mammography, US, and MRI), and no other suspicious findings. […] Patients with PND for whom surgical intervention is still recommended include those with abnormal imaging findings and personal history or family history of breast cancer.

• #38 Dr Chantel Thornton > Symptoms & Conditions > Nipple Changes

  https://www.breastcancerspecialist.com.au/symptoms-conditions/nipple-changes

  Microdochectomy (single duct excision) is the only procedure that will confirm a definitive histological diagnosis in a patient that presents with single duct discharge. […] Spontaneous single duct or bloodstained discharge requires a full set of breast imaging in the form of ultrasound and mammogram (for patients over age of 35).

• #39 Workup and treatment of nipple discharge—a practical review – Stafford – Annals of Breast Surgery

  https://abs.amegroups.org/article/view/6921/html

  Surgical intervention for PND is comprised of either total subareolar duct excision or selective duct excision of the affected duct. […] While surgery was once considered the primary course of treatment for PND a transition in management is occurring. […] Surgical resection is no longer recommended in patients with PND, normal imaging (mammography, US, and MRI), and no other suspicious findings. […] Patients with PND for whom surgical intervention is still recommended include those with abnormal imaging findings and personal history or family history of breast cancer.

• #40 Breast Nipple Discharge – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430938/

  Nipple discharge is fluid that leaks from one or both nipples of non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding women. […] Thus, clinicians must be knowledgeable regarding the best practices for evaluating nipple discharge. This activity reviews the causes of nipple discharge and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its workup and management. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families. […] The nurse should communicate with other members of the interprofessional team to ensure the optimal standard of care to their patients.

• #41 Breast Nipple Discharge | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18591

  The treatment of breast discharge depends on the etiology. A physiological discharge does not require any treatment. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families.

• #42 14. Is Nipple Discharge Breast Cancer? – Radiology Ltd.Radiology Ltd.OpenCloseShow SearchClose SearchCallRadiology Ltd.FacebookTwitterYouTube

  https://radltd.com/nipple-discharge-is-it-cancer/

  Nipple discharge is any fluid that comes out of the milk ducts through the nipple. This is a normal and expected occurrence during breastfeeding but may be alarming at any other time. […] Most nipple discharge is physiologic discharge and is NOT related to cancer. […] No matter the type, all patients with nipple discharge should discuss their symptoms with their primary care provider. […] Although it is important to go through these steps to ensure that the discharge is not caused by a benign mass or cancer, most often nipple discharge is not something to be overly concerned about. We encourage you to discuss any new or changing breast symptoms with your primary care provider so that all breast symptoms may be thoroughly evaluated.

• #43 Nipple Discharge | Springer Publishing

  https://connect.springerpub.com/content/book/978-0-8261-5223-7/chapter/ch49

  Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint in female patients. Approximately 50% of women in their reproductive years experience physiologic nipple discharge. Physiologic discharge is characterized as bilateral, green, yellow, or milky fluid expressed from multiple duct openings and often associated with nipple stimulation. […] The advanced practice provider (APP) performs the assessment and physical examination on the patient and finds the following data: expressed small amount of a milky discharge from nipple bilateral on exam, recent intake of high-dose cimetidine OTC. The APP recommends to the patient that she discontinue the OTC cimetidine and trial use of OTC omeprazole. Encouraged patient to return for further evaluation if nipple discharge does not subside or worsens after ending OTC cimetidine.

• #44 Breast Nipple Discharge – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430938/

  Nipple discharge is fluid that leaks from one or both nipples of non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding women. […] Thus, clinicians must be knowledgeable regarding the best practices for evaluating nipple discharge. This activity reviews the causes of nipple discharge and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its workup and management. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families. […] The nurse should communicate with other members of the interprofessional team to ensure the optimal standard of care to their patients.

• #45 Breast Discharge Scared – Ask our Nurses your questions – Breast Cancer Now forum

  https://forum.breastcancernow.org/t/breast-discharge-scared/121069

  Discharge from one or both nipples can happen either spontaneously or when the nipples or breasts are squeezed. Squeezing the nipple to check for discharge can worsen the problem so is best avoided. […] Its understandable you are worried about the nipple discharge you are experiencing. […] Your general surgeon will be able to explain this to you in more detail and what the results mean for you. […] Please do call our helpline if you would like to talk this through or have any further questions. The helpline team have time to listen, talk things through and signpost you to more support and information if necessary.

• #46

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=uh2678

  If your doctor gave you medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor or nurse advice line if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Avoid stimulating your breast until you have your follow-up appointment. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if you have symptoms of a breast infection, such as: Increased pain, swelling, redness, or warmth around a breast. Red streaks extending from the breast. Pus draining from a breast. A fever. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if you notice any changes in your breast or discharge. You do not get better as expected.

• #47 Nipple Discharge: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.nipple-discharge-care-instructions.uh2678

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] If your doctor gave you medicine, take it exactly as prescribed. Call your doctor if you think you are having a problem with your medicine. […] Avoid stimulating your breast until you have your follow-up appointment. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new changes in your breast, such as: New nipple discharge. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #48 Breast Nipple Discharge – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK430938/

  Nipple discharge is fluid that leaks from one or both nipples of non-pregnant and non-breastfeeding women. […] Thus, clinicians must be knowledgeable regarding the best practices for evaluating nipple discharge. This activity reviews the causes of nipple discharge and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in its workup and management. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families. […] The nurse should communicate with other members of the interprofessional team to ensure the optimal standard of care to their patients.

• #49 Breast Nipple Discharge | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/18591

  The treatment of breast discharge depends on the etiology. A physiological discharge does not require any treatment. […] The nurse, the clinician, and the pharmacist play a pivotal role in educating patients with nipple discharge and their families about their condition. […] Nipple discharge is best managed by an interprofessional team, including nurse practitioners. […] The nurse has a crucial role in addressing the concerns of patients with women discharge, as this diagnosis could carry a tremendous negative emotional impact on patients and their families.

• #50 Nipple Discharge: Color, Causes, What It Means & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21014-nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is when fluid leaks from your nipple in one or both breasts. Its important to have a healthcare provider examine your breasts and determine the cause of any nipple discharge. […] Healthcare providers consider nipple discharge abnormal when it occurs spontaneously (not caused by breast stimulation), is bloody or only occurs in one breast. […] Its always best to check with a healthcare provider so they can rule out any serious conditions causing nipple discharge. […] Nipple discharge is concerning when: […] Contact a healthcare provider about any nipple discharge thats new, that lasts longer than a few weeks or if the discharge: […] Nipple discharge is usually not a cause for worry, but its a good idea to get it checked out. Symptoms like the color of the discharge, frequency of discharge and if it comes from one or both breasts can help a healthcare provider determine a cause. A healthcare provider will examine your breasts and run any imaging tests that may be necessary. Its rarely a sign of breast cancer, but it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. In most cases, nipple discharge in women happens due to hormones, a blocked milk duct or a noncancerous lump or tumor. Nipple discharge in men is almost always abnormal.

• #51

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is any fluid that leaks from one or both nipples. […] All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if: it occurs in women over 40, it occurs in men or boys. […] If you have nipple discharge outside of pregnancy and breastfeeding and it lasts for more than four weeks or you have any of the above symptoms, you should see your doctor within a week. […] If you have signs of infection along with the nipple discharge, such as redness, swelling, pus-like discharge, or a fever, you should be evaluated within a day or two at most.

• #52 Nipple discharge

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/nipple-discharge/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050946?p=1

  Nipple discharge means any fluid that comes out of a breast nipple. […] Nipple discharge during pregnancy and breast-feeding is typical. At other times, it may not be cause for worry. But it’s good to have a healthcare professional examine your breasts if the nipple discharge is a new symptom. Men who ever have nipple discharge should have a medical exam. […] Nipple discharge is rarely a sign of breast cancer. But it might be a sign of a condition that needs treatment. […] If you still have menstrual periods and your nipple discharge doesn’t clear up on its own after your next menstrual cycle, make an appointment with your healthcare professional. […] If you’re past menopause and you have nipple discharge that happens on its own, is clear or bloody and from a single duct in one breast only, see your healthcare professional right away. […] In the meantime, don’t massage your nipples or handle your breasts, even to check for discharge. Handling your nipples or friction from clothing can cause ongoing discharge.

• #53

  https://www.beaumont.org/services/womens-services/breast-care-services/nipple-discharge

  Nipple discharge is any fluid that leaks from one or both nipples. […] All nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy or breastfeeding should be evaluated by a doctor. […] Nipple discharge should also be evaluated if: it occurs in women over 40, it occurs in men or boys. […] If you have nipple discharge outside of pregnancy and breastfeeding and it lasts for more than four weeks or you have any of the above symptoms, you should see your doctor within a week. […] If you have signs of infection along with the nipple discharge, such as redness, swelling, pus-like discharge, or a fever, you should be evaluated within a day or two at most.

• #54

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=2743918&Journal_ID=54012&Issue_ID=2743736

  Nipple discharge is a common primary care finding in female patients. The nurse practitioner must possess the skills and knowledge to correctly and safely manage this clinical finding. […] The following is a review of the etiology of nipple discharge, the differential diagnoses, and treatment modalities.

• #55

  https://journals.lww.com/tnpj/fulltext/2015/03000/primary_care_management_of_the_female_patient.12.aspx

  Nipple discharge is a common primary care finding in female patients. The nurse practitioner must possess the skills and knowledge to correctly and safely manage this clinical finding. The following is a review of the etiology of nipple discharge, the differential diagnoses, and treatment modalities.

• #56 Best practice guidelines in the management of nipple discharge – ecancer

  https://ecancer.org/en/video/7637-best-practice-guidelines-in-the-management-of-nipple-discharge

  If there is bilateral milky nipple discharge or discharge on expressing then typically it is not a sign for concern. So this is one factor that the patient needs to understand. […] There is a big role for contrast enhanced breast MRI in these cases and thats exactly what we spoke about in these talks. […] Typically by doing procedures such as this we are able to identify cancers and of all the suspicious nipple discharges that exist, about 5-21% of these cases will have cancerous or precancerous lesions. […] Traditionally only nipple cytology used to be done for evaluation of nipple discharges but if the cytology is negative then that does not definitely exclude cancer but there are certain centres or certain smaller regions where high end procedures may not be done, like contrast enhanced MRI. […] So facilities have to be made so that those patients can be referred to university hospitals or proper centres where all these tests can be done. […] At the end of the day we are all physicians, were not here just to treat disease but to give health to our patients.

Zobacz więcej