Wstrząs mózgu
Charakterystyka, pielęgnacja i opieka

Wstrząs mózgu (mTBI) to łagodna forma urazowego uszkodzenia mózgu, powstająca w wyniku mechanicznego działania na głowę i szyję, prowadząca do uszkodzenia włókien nerwowych i kryzysu metabolicznego w mózgu. Objawy są zróżnicowane i mogą pojawić się z opóźnieniem, obejmując m.in. ból głowy, zawroty, nudności, zaburzenia widzenia, zmęczenie, problemy poznawcze i emocjonalne. Diagnostyka opiera się na dokładnej ocenie neurologicznej, monitorowaniu parametrów życiowych oraz funkcji poznawczych, a badania obrazowe (CT, MRI) zwykle nie wykazują zmian strukturalnych. Kluczowe jest rozpoznanie i monitorowanie ryzyka powikłań, takich jak wzrost ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego, zaburzenia mobilności czy deficyty poznawcze.

Wstrząs mózgu – definicja i charakterystyka

Wstrząs mózgu (ang. Concussion) to łagodna forma urazowego uszkodzenia mózgu (mTBI – mild Traumatic Brain Injury), która powstaje w wyniku uderzenia, wstrząśnięcia lub gwałtownego ruchu głowy i szyi, powodującego przemieszczanie się mózgu wewnątrz czaszki12. Podczas wstrząsu mózgu dochodzi do uszkodzenia włókien nerwowych, co wpływa na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie mózgu, choć zazwyczaj nie obserwuje się zmian strukturalnych widocznych w badaniach obrazowych, takich jak tomografia komputerowa (CT) czy rezonans magnetyczny (MRI)12. Jest to uraz metaboliczny, powodujący kryzys energetyczny w mózgu, obejmujący depolaryzację neuronów, uwalnianie pobudzających neuroprzekaźników, zmiany jonowe, zaburzenia metabolizmu glukozy, zmieniony przepływ krwi mózgowej i upośledzenie funkcji aksonalnych3.

Objawy wstrząsu mózgu

Objawy wstrząsu mózgu są zróżnicowane i mogą nie pojawić się natychmiast po urazie – czasami rozwijają się dopiero po kilku dniach lub tygodniach1. Do najczęstszych objawów należą:

  • Ból głowy lub uczucie ucisku w głowie
  • Zawroty głowy i problemy z równowagą
  • Nudności i wymioty
  • Podwójne lub niewyraźne widzenie
  • Nadwrażliwość na światło i hałas
  • Zmęczenie i niska energia
  • „Mgła mózgowa” i trudności z koncentracją
  • Problemy z pamięcią
  • Spowolnienie myślenia
  • Smutek lub drażliwość
  • Zaburzenia snu
  • Dezorientacja i problemy z równowagą
  • Dzwonienie w uszach123

Warto podkreślić, że objawy wstrząsu mózgu są unikalne dla każdego pacjenta. Nawet jeśli osoba doświadczyła wcześniej wstrząsu mózgu, kolejny uraz może powodować inne objawy niż poprzednio1.

Ocena pielęgniarska wstrząsu mózgu

Pierwszym etapem opieki pielęgniarskiej jest ocena pielęgniarska, podczas której pielęgniarka gromadzi dane fizyczne, psychospołeczne, emocjonalne i diagnostyczne1. Dokładna ocena neurologiczna i prawidłowa diagnoza są kluczowe dla skutecznego leczenia.

Badanie pielęgniarskie

Kompleksowa ocena pielęgniarska pacjenta z podejrzeniem wstrząsu mózgu powinna obejmować:

  • Ocenę stanu neurologicznego (poziom świadomości, reakcja źrenic, napięcie mięśniowe)
  • Monitoring parametrów życiowych (ciśnienie tętnicze, tętno, oddech)
  • Ocenę równowagi i koordynacji ruchowej
  • Badanie funkcji poznawczych (pamięć, koncentracja, rozwiązywanie problemów)
  • Ocenę bólu (lokalizacja, intensywność, charakter)
  • Ocenę nudności i zawrotów głowy
  • Monitorowanie reakcji niepożądanych lub powikłań
  • Obserwację podaży i wydalania płynów
  • Ocenę reakcji na leczenie123

Diagnozy pielęgniarskie

Na podstawie zebranych danych pielęgniarka ustala diagnozy pielęgniarskie, które mogą obejmować:

  • Ryzyko nieskutecznej perfuzji tkanki mózgowej związane z urazem głowy i potencjalnym wzrostem ciśnienia wewnątrzczaszkowego1
  • Zaburzenia mobilności związane z zaburzeniami równowagi i koordynacji1
  • Ból ostry związany z urazem głowy
  • Deficyt wiedzy dotyczący stanu zdrowia i procesu leczenia
  • Lęk związany z niepewnością co do wyników leczenia
  • Zaburzenia poznawcze związane z funkcjonowaniem mózgu po urazie
  • Zaburzenia snu wynikające z urazu mózgu12

Po zidentyfikowaniu diagnoz pielęgniarskich dla wstrząsu mózgu, plany opieki pielęgniarskiej pomagają ustalić priorytety w zakresie oceny i interwencji zarówno dla krótko-, jak i długoterminowych celów opieki1.

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w opiece nad pacjentem z wstrząsem mózgu

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w leczeniu i rehabilitacji pacjentów z wstrząsem mózgu. Ich odpowiedzialność obejmuje ocenę funkcji neurologicznych, koordynację i komunikację w zakresie opieki, wsparcie emocjonalne, rzecznictwo pacjenta oraz edukację w zakresie profilaktyki1.

Bezpośrednia opieka pielęgniarska

Interwencje pielęgniarskie w bezpośredniej opiece nad pacjentem obejmują:

  • Monitorowanie stanu neurologicznego – regularna ocena poziomu świadomości, reakcji źrenic i parametrów życiowych w celu wczesnego wykrycia potencjalnych powikłań12
  • Podawanie leków – zgodnie ze zleceniem lekarskim, w tym leków przeciwbólowych i stosowanie niefarmakologicznych metod łagodzenia bólu1
  • Zapewnienie odpowiedniego odpoczynku – zarówno fizycznego, jak i poznawczego, szczególnie w pierwszych 24-48 godzinach po urazie12
  • Utrzymanie spokojnego środowiska – ograniczenie bodźców zewnętrznych, takich jak hałas i jasne światło1
  • Zapewnienie odpowiedniego nawodnienia – monitorowanie podaży i wydalania płynów1
  • Wdrażanie środków bezpieczeństwa – zapobieganie upadkom i kolejnym urazom1
  • Reorientacja pacjenta – w razie potrzeby, przypominanie o czasie i miejscu1
  • Zachęcanie pacjenta do wyrażania uczuć i komunikacjiwsparcie psychologiczne1

Edukacja pacjenta i rodziny

Edukacja pacjenta i jego opiekunów jest nieodłącznym elementem opieki pielęgniarskiej. Powinna obejmować:

  • Informacje o wstrząsie mózgu – wyjaśnienie czym jest wstrząs mózgu, jego przyczyn, objawów i przebiegu leczenia1
  • Znaczenie odpoczynku – podkreślenie konieczności odpoczynku zarówno fizycznego, jak i poznawczego w procesie zdrowienia1
  • Stopniowy powrót do aktywności – instrukcje dotyczące bezpiecznego powrotu do nauki, pracy i aktywności fizycznej1
  • Informacje o lekach – wyjaśnienie zasad przyjmowania zaleconych leków i potencjalnych skutków ubocznych1
  • Rozpoznawanie objawów alarmowych – nauka rozpoznawania objawów, które wymagają natychmiastowej konsultacji lekarskiej (utrata przytomności, wymioty, nasilający się ból głowy)1
  • Profilaktyka – informacje o noszeniu odpowiedniego sprzętu ochronnego podczas uprawiania sportów kontaktowych1
  • Unikanie aspiryny – informowanie o konieczności unikania aspiryny i innych niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych, które mogą zwiększać ryzyko krwawienia12

Należy przekazywać informacje zarówno w formie pisemnej, jak i ustnej, aby zapewnić ich lepsze zrozumienie i zapamiętanie1.

Zasady leczenia wstrząsu mózgu

Leczenie wstrząsu mózgu jest przede wszystkim leczeniem wspomagającym. Podstawą jest odpoczynek zarówno fizyczny, jak i poznawczy, a następnie stopniowy powrót do wcześniejszego poziomu aktywności1.

Odpoczynek i stopniowy powrót do aktywności

Odpoczynek jest najważniejszym elementem leczenia wstrząsu mózgu, szczególnie w początkowej fazie:

  • Krótkotrwały odpoczynek fizyczny i poznawczy (24-48 godzin) bezpośrednio po urazie12
  • Stopniowe zwiększanie aktywności w tempie dostosowanym do indywidualnych potrzeb pacjenta, pod warunkiem, że nie powoduje to nasilenia objawów1
  • Zindywidualizowane podejście do powrotu do aktywności, zamiast sztywnych wytycznych1
  • Wczesna lekka aktywność fizyczna (np. aerobowe ćwiczenia poniżej progu objawowego) może wspierać proces zdrowienia12

Istotne jest, aby zdawać sobie sprawę, że „odpoczynek dla kogoś z wstrząsem mózgu nie oznacza całkowitej bezczynności”. Lekka aktywność fizyczna i korzystanie z mózgu w sposób, który nie pogarsza objawów, może pomóc w szybszym powrocie do zdrowia1.

Farmakoterapia

W leczeniu wstrząsu mózgu stosuje się leki głównie w celu łagodzenia objawów:

  • Paracetamol (Tylenol i inne) może łagodzić ból głowy1
  • Należy unikać aspiryny i niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych (takich jak ibuprofen – Advil, Motrin IB i inne), gdyż mogą zwiększać ryzyko krwawienia12
  • W przypadku przewlekłych objawów mogą być stosowane leki na chroniczny ból głowy, depresję i problemy ze snem1

Ważne jest, aby nie przyjmować żadnych leków przeciwbólowych dostępnych bez recepty, jeśli podejrzewa się wstrząs mózgu, przed konsultacją z lekarzem1.

Specjalistyczna terapia rehabilitacyjna

W zależności od utrzymujących się objawów, pacjent może wymagać różnych form terapii:

  • Fizjoterapia – pomaga w przywróceniu równowagi, koordynacji i siły mięśniowej12
  • Terapia zajęciowa – wspiera powrót do codziennych aktywności1
  • Terapia mowy i języka – adresuje problemy z komunikacją i funkcjami poznawczymi1
  • Terapia przedsionkowa – ułatwia powrót do równowagi i zmniejsza zawroty głowy12
  • Rehabilitacja wzrokowa – pomaga w leczeniu problemów z widzeniem1
  • Neuropsychologia – ocenia funkcje poznawcze i opracowuje strategie kompensacyjne1

Programy rehabilitacyjne powinny być zindywidualizowane i uwzględniać specyficzne potrzeby każdego pacjenta1.

Powrót do codziennej aktywności

Proces powrotu do normalnej aktywności po wstrząsie mózgu powinien być stopniowy i nadzorowany przez specjalistów ochrony zdrowia1.

Powrót do szkoły i pracy

Większość osób może wrócić do szkoły w ciągu 1-2 dni po wstrząsie mózgu, jednak ważne jest odpowiednie dostosowanie obciążeń:

  • Skrócone dni szkolne/robocze – lekarz może zalecić skrócenie czasu spędzanego w szkole lub pracy1
  • Regularne przerwy – planowanie przerw w ciągu dnia, aby zapobiec nasileniu objawów1
  • Modyfikacja obciążeń – zmniejszenie ilości pracy szkolnej lub zawodowej podczas zdrowienia12
  • Unikanie zajęć wymagających dużego wysiłku poznawczego – ograniczenie czasu spędzanego przy komputerze, czytaniu czy pisaniu1
  • Współpraca z pracodawcami, nauczycielami i trenerami – aby zapewnić odpowiednie dostosowanie środowiska1

Większość osób wraca do pewnego zakresu pracy lub szkoły w ciągu kilku dni, a do pełnego wymiaru w ciągu kilku tygodni. Mogą jednak odczuwać zmęczenie, więc powinny dostosować okresy odpoczynku do swoich potrzeb1.

Powrót do aktywności sportowej

Powrót do sportu po wstrząsie mózgu wymaga szczególnej ostrożności:

  • Nigdy nie wracać do gry w dniu urazu – eksperci zalecają, aby dorośli, dzieci i nastoletni sportowcy z wstrząsem mózgu nie wracali do gry w dniu doznania urazu1
  • Stopniowy powrót do aktywności fizycznej – pod nadzorem lekarza1
  • Unikanie sportów kontaktowych do czasu całkowitego wyzdrowienia1
  • 5-fazowy program powrotu do sportu, z co najmniej 24-godzinnym okresem bez objawów przed przejściem do kolejnego etapu1
  • Bardziej ostrożne podejście w przypadku dzieci i młodzieży1

Dzieci i młodzież nie powinny wracać do sportu, dopóki nie powrócą bezpiecznie do szkoły1. Szczególnie ważne jest przestrzeganie zaleceń lekarskich dotyczących powrotu do aktywności sportowej, aby zapobiec syndromowi drugiego urazu, który może być katastrofalny w skutkach1.

Zapobieganie powikłaniom i edukacja profilaktyczna

Zapobieganie powikłaniom po wstrząsie mózgu oraz edukacja profilaktyczna są istotnymi elementami opieki pielęgniarskiej1.

Zapobieganie ponownemu urazowi

Ponowny uraz głowy przed pełnym wyzdrowieniem z pierwszego wstrząsu mózgu może prowadzić do poważnych konsekwencji:

  • Unikanie aktywności związanych z ryzykiem urazu głowy – sport, jazda na rowerze, hulajnodze czy zabawa na placu zabaw1
  • Noszenie odpowiedniego sprzętu ochronnego podczas uprawiania sportów kontaktowych1
  • Unikanie prowadzenia pojazdów do czasu uzyskania zgody lekarza1
  • Edukacja pacjentów i opiekunów o ryzyku związanym z ponownym urazem1

Powtórny wstrząs mózgu, który wystąpi przed wyleczeniem pierwszego urazu (w ciągu godzin, dni lub tygodni), może spowolnić proces zdrowienia lub zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia długotrwałych problemów1.

Rola pielęgniarki w edukacji profilaktycznej

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w edukacji profilaktycznej dotyczącej wstrząsu mózgu:

  • Edukacja pacjentów, rodzin i społeczności o rozpoznawaniu objawów wstrząsu mózgu1
  • Promocja noszenia kasków i innego sprzętu ochronnego podczas uprawiania sportów1
  • Podnoszenie świadomości wśród trenerów, nauczycieli i rodziców o znaczeniu wczesnego rozpoznania i leczenia wstrząsu mózgu1
  • Współpraca z zespołami interdyscyplinarnymi – pielęgniarki powinny angażować rodziny, trenerów, nauczycieli i innych pracowników ochrony zdrowia w proces opieki nad pacjentem1
  • Rzecznictwo na rzecz zwiększonego rozpoznawania i standaryzacji leczenia wstrząsu mózgu1

Pielęgniarki w szkołach mogą odgrywać wiodącą rolę w rozpoznawaniu wstrząsu mózgu, opiece i kierowaniu pacjentów do specjalistów, a także w koordynowaniu i monitorowaniu odpowiedniego odpoczynku poznawczego i dostosowań akademickich1.

Specjalistyczna opieka nad pacjentem z wstrząsem mózgu

W przypadku niektórych pacjentów, szczególnie tych z przedłużającymi się objawami, konieczna może być specjalistyczna opieka multidyscyplinarna1.

Podejście multidyscyplinarne

Kompleksowa opieka nad pacjentem z wstrząsem mózgu często wymaga współpracy specjalistów z różnych dziedzin:

  • Lekarze specjaliści – neurolodzy, specjaliści medycyny sportu, lekarze rehabilitacji medycznej1
  • Fizjoterapeuci – pomagają w przywróceniu równowagi, siły i koordynacji1
  • Terapeuci zajęciowi – wspierają powrót do codziennych aktywności1
  • Logopedzi – zajmują się problemami z komunikacją i funkcjami poznawczymi1
  • Neuropsycholodzy – oceniają funkcje poznawcze i opracowują strategie kompensacyjne1
  • Psycholodzy i psychiatrzy – pomagają w radzeniu sobie z emocjonalnymi skutkami urazu1
  • Trenerzy sportowi – wspierają bezpieczny powrót do aktywności sportowej1
  • Pracownicy socjalni – współpracują ze szkołami w celu zaplanowania niezbędnych dostosowań1

Zarządzanie wstrząsem mózgu wymaga podejścia zespołowego, angażującego pacjenta, członków rodziny, trenerów, terapeutów, trenerów sportowych i personel medyczny1.

Monitorowanie i dostosowywanie planu opieki

Dynamiczny charakter zdrowienia po wstrząsie mózgu wymaga regularnego monitorowania i dostosowywania planu opieki:

  • Regularna ocena objawów – obserwacja nowych, utrzymujących się lub nasilających się objawów1
  • Powtarzane badania neuropsychologiczne – aby śledzić postępy w powrocie do zdrowia1
  • Dostosowywanie planu leczenia – w oparciu o postępy i pojawiające się objawy1
  • Harmonogram wizyt kontrolnych – regularne wizyty u specjalisty podczas fazy zdrowienia1
  • Komunikacja z zespołem interdyscyplinarnym – aby zapewnić spójne podejście do leczenia1

Ciągłe monitorowanie i ocena objawów oraz stanu funkcjonalnego są niezbędne do dostosowania planu postępowania w miarę potrzeb, zapewniając jego zgodność z celami pacjenta1.

Specyfika opieki nad dziećmi i młodzieżą z wstrząsem mózgu

Opieka nad dziećmi i młodzieżą z wstrząsem mózgu wymaga szczególnego podejścia, uwzględniającego specyfikę tej grupy wiekowej1.

Różnice w opiece nad dziećmi

Dzieci i młodzież wymagają bardziej ostrożnego podejścia w leczeniu wstrząsu mózgu:

  • Dzieci i młodzież powinni być badani przez personel medyczny przeszkolony w ocenie i leczeniu wstrząsów mózgu u pacjentów pediatrycznych1
  • Bardziej konserwatywne podejście – dłuższe oczekiwanie na powrót do aktywności i częstsze wizyty kontrolne1
  • Powrót do szkoły przed powrotem do sportu – dzieci i młodzież nie powinni wracać do uprawiania sportu, dopóki nie poradzą sobie z powrotem do szkoły1
  • Ścisła współpraca z rodzicami i opiekunami – kluczowa rola rodziców w monitorowaniu objawów i wspieraniu procesu zdrowienia1
  • Współpraca ze szkołą – zapewnienie odpowiednich dostosowań akademickich1

Większość dzieci z wstrząsem mózgu czuje się lepiej w ciągu 2-4 tygodni1.

Wsparcie rodziców i opiekunów

Rodzice i opiekunowie odgrywają kluczową rolę w procesie zdrowienia dziecka:

  • Edukacja rodziców o objawach wstrząsu mózgu i procesie zdrowienia1
  • Wskazówki dotyczące monitorowania objawów – rodzice powinni być uczuleni na nowe, utrzymujące się lub nasilające się objawy1
  • Wsparcie w procesie stopniowego powrotu do aktywności – pomoc dziecku w bezpiecznym powrocie do codziennych zajęć1
  • Komunikacja ze szkołą i trenerami – zapewnienie, że wszyscy są świadomi stanu dziecka i potrzebnych dostosowań1
  • Przestrzeganie zaleceń lekarskich – nie pozwalanie dziecku na powrót do sportu przed uzyskaniem zgody lekarza1

Dziecko potrzebuje wsparcia podczas zdrowienia po wstrząsie mózgu. Rodzice powinni pomagać w stopniowym wprowadzaniu rozsądnych aktywności, ale także rozpoznawać, kiedy organizm i mózg potrzebują więcej czasu na regenerację1.

Podsumowanie roli pielęgniarskiej w opiece nad pacjentem z wstrząsem mózgu

Pielęgniarki odgrywają kluczową rolę w opiece nad pacjentami z wstrząsem mózgu, uczestnicząc w każdym etapie procesu leczenia i rehabilitacji12.

Holistyczne podejście do opieki

Pielęgniarki zapewniają kompleksową opiekę, obejmującą aspekty fizyczne, poznawcze i emocjonalne:

  • Ocena i monitorowanie – regularna ocena stanu neurologicznego, parametrów życiowych i postępów w leczeniu1
  • Planowanie opieki – opracowanie zindywidualizowanych planów opieki w oparciu o zidentyfikowane diagnozy pielęgniarskie1
  • Realizacja interwencji – podawanie leków, zapewnienie odpoczynku, monitorowanie objawów1
  • Edukacja – przekazywanie informacji pacjentom i ich rodzinom o wstrząsie mózgu i procesie zdrowienia1
  • Wsparcie emocjonalne – pomoc pacjentom w radzeniu sobie z emocjonalnymi skutkami urazu1
  • Koordynacja opieki – współpraca z innymi członkami zespołu interdyscyplinarnego1
  • Rzecznictwo – reprezentowanie interesów pacjenta w systemie opieki zdrowotnej1

Pielęgniarki są kluczowymi graczami w dążeniu do zwiększenia rozpoznawalności i standaryzacji leczenia, wywierając znaczący wpływ na zapobieganie, rozpoznawanie i opiekę powypadkową u młodych sportowców1.

Znaczenie ciągłości opieki

Zapewnienie ciągłości opieki jest istotnym aspektem pielęgniarstwa w leczeniu wstrząsu mózgu:

  • Edukacja przy wypisie – przekazanie jasnych instrukcji dotyczących opieki domowej1
  • Planowanie wizyt kontrolnych – zapewnienie, że pacjent będzie regularnie monitorowany1
  • Koordynacja opieki ambulatoryjnej – współpraca z lekarzami, fizjoterapeutami i innymi specjalistami1
  • Wsparcie w powrocie do codziennych aktywności – pomoc w stopniowym powrocie do szkoły, pracy i aktywności fizycznej1
  • Monitorowanie długoterminowych skutków – obserwacja potencjalnych długoterminowych konsekwencji wstrząsu mózgu1

Pielęgniarki w szkole mogą odgrywać wiodącą rolę w rozpoznawaniu wstrząsu mózgu, opiece i kierowaniu pacjentów, a także w koordynowaniu i monitorowaniu odpowiedniego odpoczynku poznawczego i dostosowań akademickich1.

Podsumowując, pielęgniarki mają wiele obowiązków w leczeniu i rehabilitacji pacjentów z wstrząsem mózgu, w tym ocenę funkcji neurologicznych, koordynację i komunikację w zakresie opieki, wsparcie emocjonalne, rzecznictwo pacjenta i edukację w zakresie profilaktyki1. Ich rola jest nieoceniona w zapewnieniu optymalnej opieki i wsparcia pacjentom w procesie zdrowienia po wstrząsie mózgu.

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

  1. 16.04.2026
  2. www.leksykon.com.pl

Materiały źródłowe

  • #1 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult
    A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury. It happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull from a hit (blow) to your head or when your head and neck jerk when your body is hit. […] With a concussion, your brains nerve fibers get injured, which affects how your brain normally works. In most cases, you cannot see this injury on tests such as a CT scan or MRI. […] Have someone stay with you for the first 24 hours after the concussion, and use the advice below to manage your symptoms, be safe, and start recovering. […] Rest for the first 24 hours. It’s one of the best things to help your brain recover. Its okay to sleep if you want. […] Take acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) for pain. Talk to your doctor about using products with ASA or NSAIDs in them (such as Aspirin) or ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin), as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
  • #1 Concussion – Brain Injuries | Ohio State Medical Center
    https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/brain-spine-neuro/brain-injuries/concussion
    A concussion is a type of brain injury. Its the most minor form. Technically, a concussion is a short loss of normal brain function in response to a head injury. […] Symptoms of a concussion are varied and may not start right away; they may start days or weeks after the injury. […] Rest is very important after a concussion because it helps the brain to heal. […] Ohio State has a specialized concussion clinic devoted entirely to the evaluation and treatment of concussions in both children and adults. […] Physical rest and cognitive rest (taking a break from thinking and problem-solving) are part of the healing process. […] Most people have a full recovery after one to two weeks. For the 15 to 25 percent of people who continue to have cognitive or memory issues beyond that, or symptoms such as dizziness or double vision, we specialize in treating post-concussive syndrome. […] Your treatment team may recommend a variety of other rehab services, including: […] Rehabilitation Psychology focuses on behavioral and psychological treatment for patients and families coping with chronic illness, chronic pain and disability.
  • #1 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-care-instructions.uf7532
    A concussion is a kind of injury to the brain. It happens when the head or body receives a hard blow. The impact can jar or shake the brain inside the skull. This interrupts the brain’s normal activities. Although you may have cuts or bruises on your head or face, you may have no other visible signs of a brain injury. In most cases, damage to the brain from a concussion can’t be seen in tests such as a CT or MRI scan. […] You may have low energy, dizziness, trouble sleeping, a headache, ringing in your ears, or nausea. You may also feel anxious, grumpy, or depressed. You may have problems with memory and concentration. These symptoms are common after a concussion. They should slowly improve over time. They may last for days, weeks, or even months or longer following the injury. How long they last depends on how severe the concussion is.
  • #1 Concussion/Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU
    https://www.chrichmond.org/services/neurosciences/conditions-we-treat/concussion-and-traumatic-brain-injury/
    A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury caused by a bump, blow or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. Concussions may be described as a „mild” brain injury, but the effects can be very serious. Whether the brain injury is mild or severe, a child can experience long term effects from the damage to the brain. […] Concussion symptoms are unique to everyone. Even if your child has had a concussion before, their second concussion can present with different symptoms than the first. […] While concussions are often associated with playing sports, your child can sustain a concussion off the playing field as well. Other common causes of injury include falling, motor vehicle crashes, and physical altercations. In fact a concussion may occur from any forceful bump, blow or jolt to the head, neck or body that causes the brain to move rapidly inside the skull regardless of the activity.
  • #1 Concussion: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/concussion-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Nurses have multiple responsibilities in the treatment and recovery of patients with concussions, which include assessment of neurological functioning, coordination and communication of care, emotional support, patient advocacy, and prevention education. […] The first step of nursing care is the nursing assessment, during which the nurse will gather physical, psychosocial, emotional, and diagnostic data. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. […] Once the nurse identifies nursing diagnoses for concussion, nursing care plans help prioritize assessments and interventions for both short and long-term goals of care. […] Concussions may lead to bleeding in or around the brain, causing symptoms such as prolonged drowsiness and confusion. […] A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that affects brain function and may cause memory loss.
  • #1 Concussion: Nursing Diagnosis & Interventions | Nurse.com
    https://www.nurse.com/clinical-guides/concussion/?srsltid=AfmBOoqoYa_C91ukWU0xRH-YRf1lG7P3Omw_1EBMQipLt1jIPt4iHk9q
    Use the nursing process to develop a plan of care for individuals. The nursing assessment (with common findings listed), diagnosis, interventions, expected outcomes, and education for individuals with concussions are listed below […] Administer medications, as ordered, as well as pain medications and non-pharmacological pain relief measures […] Encourage individual to express feelings and communicate […] Reorient individual to time and place as needed […] Maintain the following: Adequate hydration, Calm environment, Safety precautions […] Monitor the following: Adverse reaction or complications, Input and output, Neurological status, Pain assessment, Treatment response, Vital signs […] Individual/Caregiver Education: Avoid aspirin. Avoid contact sports until full recovery. Discuss diagnosis and further treatment. Discuss medications and potential side effects. Call if loss of consciousness, projectile and/or persistent vomiting, or signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure occur. Wear protective equipment while engaging in contact sports.
  • #1 Nursing Care Plan for Head Injury – Made For Medical
    https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-head-injury/
    Head injuries can range from mild concussions to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and require careful assessment, management, and support. As a nurse, your role is crucial in providing immediate and ongoing care to patients with head injuries. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and support patients with head injuries. […] The patient may report symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or confusion. […] Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion related to head trauma and potential increased intracranial pressure (ICP). […] Monitor the patients level of consciousness, pupillary response, and vital signs regularly. […] Provide emotional support and reassurance to the patient and family/caregivers, addressing their concerns and providing information about the patients condition and treatment plan.
  • #1 Concussion: Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether
    https://www.nursetogether.com/concussion-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/
    Mobility, including coordination and balance, can be affected following a concussion. […] Nausea may be a symptom following a concussion due to cranial nerve disruption. […] Patients who perform contact or high-risk sports are at an increased risk for a concussion. Children are also at increased risk for head injuries. After sustaining a concussion, preventing further injury is a priority.
  • #1 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-care-instructions.uf7532
    Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Rest can help you recover from a concussion. You need to rest your body and your brain: Get plenty of sleep at night. And take rest breaks during the day. […] Avoid activities that take a lot of physical or mental work. This includes housework, exercise, schoolwork, video games, text messaging, and using the computer. […] You may need to change your school or work schedule while you recover. […] Avoid drinking alcohol or using drugs. […] Avoid activities that could lead to another concussion. Follow your doctor’s instructions for a gradual return to activity and sports.
  • #1 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html
    After an initial brief rest period, individuals with concussion should be encouraged to gradually return to normal daily routines, such as school, work, and leisure activities, as tolerated. […] A more conservative approach, including waiting longer for return to activity/return to play and more frequent follow-up, is recommended for children and adolescents with concussions. […] Children and adolescents should not return to play in sport until they have successfully tolerated returning to school. […] Management of concussion is summarized in Table 4. […] Patient education, reassurance, and written instructions of when and how to seek medical attention are required at discharge. […] Education regarding basic facts of concussion, in written form and reinforced verbally, and reassurance that complete recovery is expected are among the most important aspects of concussion care.
  • #1 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion
    Concussions are common injuries, especially among young athletes. Most people recover without long-term effects, but its important not to rush your recovery. […] Rest is the most important part of treating a concussion, especially at first. Your brain and body need time to heal. […] Most people need at least a few days of little or no activity. But everyones needs are different, and everyones brains heal at different rates. Your provider will recommend how long to rest, and when its safe to slowly resume physical or mentally challenging activities. […] Learn to recognize the triggers that bring on concussion symptoms. Start adding activities back to your daily routine slowly, in small amounts. […] Pace yourself. Dont push your body to do things that make you feel worse its OK to take the time you need to rest and heal. Limit any activities that worsen your symptoms.
  • #1 Concussion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355600
    Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your concussion-related health concerns […] After a diagnosis of a concussion, you or your child may need to be hospitalized overnight for observation. […] Your healthcare professional may recommend that you have shortened school days or workdays. You may need to take breaks during the day, or have modified or reduced school workloads or work assignments as you recover. […] Your healthcare professional also may recommend different therapies. You may need rehabilitation for symptoms related to vision, balance, or thinking and memory. […] Gradually resume your usual daily activities, including screen time, as you’re able to tolerate them without worsening symptoms. […] If you have a headache, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may ease the pain. Don’t take other pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) if you suspect you’ve had a concussion. These may increase the risk of bleeding.
  • #1 Concussion – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537017/
    A concussion is a „traumatically induced transient disturbance of brain function.” Concussions are a subset of the neurologic injuries known as traumatic brain injuries. […] The prognosis is usually good, and most patients experience complete resolution of symptoms. This activity reviews the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management of concussions and reviews the interprofessional team’s role in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing the condition. […] Treatment of a concussion is primarily supportive. Supportive care for concussion centers around the initial physical and cognitive activity limitation, followed by a gradual return to previous activity levels. […] An athlete diagnosed with a concussion should be forbidden to return to play until cleared by a medical provider. […] Management of a concussion requires an interprofessional team approach involving the patient, family members, coaches, therapists, athletic trainers, and medical providers (clinicians, mid-level practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists).
  • #1 Concussion Care Pathway
    https://www.ccgi-research.com/concussion-care-pathway/home
    A multidisciplinary approach may be necessary depending on symptom complexity, involving coordination among healthcare professionals such as primary care physicians, chiropractors, physiotherapists, psychologists, and neurologists. […] After providing a report of findings and obtaining written informed consent. […] Education and reassurance: Provide information on recovery process and the importance of gradually resuming activities. […] Rest and gradual return: Emphasize short-term physical and cognitive rest (24-48 hours), followed by a gradual increase in activity levels as tolerated (e.g., work, school, driving, sports), incorporating early light physical activity (e.g., sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise). […] Promote self-care: Encourage exercise, proper nutrition, sleep hygiene, stress management, maintaining a healthy body weight, avoiding smoking/substance abuse.
  • #1 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-care-instructions.uf7532
    Your return to activity can begin after 1 or 2 days of physical and mental rest. After resting, you can gradually increase your activity as long as it does not cause new symptoms or worsen your symptoms. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.
  • #1 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html
    Mild traumatic brain injury, also known as concussion, is common in adults and youth and is a major health concern. […] Concussion can affect a variety of clinical domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional or behavioral. […] Initial management involves patient education and reassurance and symptom management. […] Individuals recover from concussion differently; therefore, rigid guidelines have been abandoned in favor of an individualized approach. […] Brief cognitive and physical rest are key components of initial management. […] Early patient education and reassurance are a cornerstone of concussion management. […] Initial management of concussion includes brief cognitive and physical rest. […] An individualized approach to the gradual return to activity after concussion is favored over rigid guidelines, and most algorithms allow for patients to progress at various rates.
  • #1 Caring for Concussions | NIH News in Health
    https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/caring-concussions
    Drugs dont yet exist to treat concussion itself. But we have plenty of drugs and interventions for the side effects of traumatic brain injury, he says. These include medications to help with chronic headache, depression, and sleep problems. […] After a concussion, the brain needs some rest. Research has shown that both children and adults benefit from reducing their mental and physical activity for a short time and should return to those activities gradually. […] People who have experienced a head injury shouldnt feel frustrated if it takes up to a month to feel normal, she adds. Rest for someone with a concussion doesnt mean doing nothing at all, Master says. Doing light physical activity and using your brain in ways that dont make concussion symptoms worse can help you heal faster. […] Physical rehabilitation programs can also help those with longer-lasting symptoms, explains Master. Talk with your doctor about how to return to your normal activity after a concussion. If symptoms persist, ask about physical therapy.
  • #1 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion
    Your provider may recommend that you take time off work, or that your child stay home for school for a few days. Theyll tell you when its okay to gradually ease back into working or doing schoolwork based on how long it takes the symptoms to get better. […] Yes, sleep is an extremely important part of recovering from a concussion. […] You shouldnt take any over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications if you think you have a concussion before you see a healthcare provider. […] Your provider will tell you which medications are safe to take while you recover. […] Concussions are injuries that happen suddenly. Because you cant plan for them, you may not always be able to prevent one. […] Talk to your provider before resuming your usual daily routine. […] Recovery doesnt always happen in a way that wed expect it might take more or less time at certain stages. Be honest with yourself and your healthcare providers as you recover. […] Most people can recover with no long-term effects or complications. Dont rush your recovery the best thing for your brain is to give it all the time it naturally needs to heal itself.
  • #1 Post Concussion Rehabilitation | MaineHealth
    https://www.mainehealth.org/care-services/rehabilitation-care/post-concussion-rehabilitation
    At MaineHealth, our doctors, specialists and rehabilitation therapists make up the team that evaluates and treats patients with a concussion or head injury. We focus on providing complete care to patients of all ages who have had a mild traumatic brain injury. […] Post-concussion care helps people regain function and return to a normal life. […] Your doctor or neurologist may refer you to a rehabilitation program for therapy. Therapy may include occupational therapy, physical therapy and speech therapy. […] Patients can get help with the following symptoms: Vision disorders/impairments, Dizziness, Fatigue, Weakness, Balance, Memory problems, Difficulty with concentration, Decreased function with daily tasks, Speech, Sensitivity to light and noise, Social aspects of concussion, Agitation/changes in emotion.
  • #1 Concussion Treatment – Brain Injury Care | Hospital for Special Care
    https://hfsc.org/specialties/brain-injury-care/concussion-management-clinic/
    Occupational, speech and language, and physical therapy are provided to improve balance, weakness, ability to complete daily activities, memory loss, cognition and more. […] Education for you and your family teaches prevention strategies, what to expect during recovery and how to maintain skills learned after discharge. […] We serve as an educational resource for our community. We offer training sessions and workshops throughout the year as well as “Concussion and Recovery” educational sessions for patients and family members.
  • #1 Sports Concussion | Orthopedic Specialty | TCO
    https://tcomn.com/specialties/sports-concussion/
    Concussions should never be taken lightly. Ignoring symptoms can or delaying treatment can lead to a longer recovery process which impacts participation in physical, academic, and social activities. Our premier sports concussion program offers comprehensive care to help athletes return to sport. […] At our clinics across the metro, including Minnesota’s most advanced concussion center at TCO Eden Prairie, we create personalized-treatment plans tailored to each athlete’s specific needs. Using the latest, and most innovative technology, we are dedicated to helping athletes recover, regain their confidence, and return to peak performance. […] For patients needing a formal rehabilitation plan, we have sub-specialized physical therapists at multiple locations that provide: Vestibular Therapy – Helps address issues with dizziness, balance, and other symptoms; Ocular Motor Rehabilitation – Helps address issues with vision, focus, and other symptoms; Exertion Therapy and Functional Training – Helps in the overall recovery of concussion injuries; Cervical Spine Treatment – Helps address neck pain and stiffness, which are commonly associated with concussion injuries.
  • #1 Concussion | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/concussion
    The UR Medicine Neurology and Orthopaedics Rehabilitation teams work together to deliver the latest in medical and surgical care to prevent, evaluate, treat, and rehabilitate concussions. […] We also have physical therapists who can help you return to your normal lifestyle. Every concussion is unique, so our physical therapists will work closely with you to determine the best exercises and activities for your recovery. […] A Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) will assess how a concussion has affected: Attention and focus, Memory and recall, Problem-solving and decision-making (executive functioning), Language and communication skills, Visuospatial processing. […] The Integrative Cognitive Rehabilitation Program (ICRP) at UR Medicine is a specialized, multidisciplinary program designed to help individuals recover from mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), concussion, and other cognitive impairments. […] For sports concussions, UR Medicine Athletic trainers work closely with local high schools and colleges to provide immediate care for injuries during practices or games. They also triage concussions and work with UR Medicine physicians to coordinate care for the athletes.
  • #1 Concussion Center | NYU Langone Health
    https://nyulangone.org/care-services/concussion-center
    If youve experienced a concussion, getting the right treatment can help you recover quickly and more completely. […] To help coordinate your care, we have a clinical coordinator and program manager dedicated to answering your questions and guiding your clinical care, and also help you make appointments and access services in a timely manner. […] We are at the forefront of concussion research. Current research focuses on the impact of a concussion on vision and brain processing, rapid sideline screening, group therapy treatments, and better ways to use imaging to understand the pathology of concussion. Our researchers are working to establish a standardized approach to treating children and adults with head injuries that is firmly grounded in evidence-based research. […] Our experts in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and sports medicine work together to create personalized care plans.
  • #1 Concussion – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/symptoms-causes/syc-20355594
    Concussion care at Mayo Clinic […] Children and adolescents need to see a healthcare professional trained in evaluating and managing pediatric concussions. […] Never return to play or vigorous activity immediately following a concussion. Experts recommend that adult, child and adolescent athletes with concussions not return to play on the same day as the injury. […] Gradual return to learning and physical activity is individual and depends on the symptoms. It should always be supervised by a healthcare professional.
  • #1 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html
    Initial management after concussion includes a brief period of rest, followed by gradual return to activity. […] The ideal amount or duration of rest is supported only by limited data, but most guidelines suggest at least 24 to 48 hours. […] A multidisciplinary approach should be considered for those with prolonged symptoms, including referral to a physician experienced in concussion management and for formal neuropsychiatric testing. […] Interaction with employers, teachers, or coaches may be necessary to ensure appropriate accommodations.
  • #1 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult
    A concussion can affect your concentration and reaction time. Ask your doctor when its safe for you to drive or operate heavy equipment. […] Stay away from activities that could cause another head injury (like sports), until the doctor says its okay. A second blow to the head can cause more damage to the brain. […] Most people go back to some amount of work or school within a few days and go back full time in a few weeks. You will likely feel tired, so adjust your rest periods as needed. […] Most people with concussion have a good recovery. Managing your symptoms well can help you recover faster. […] Pacing and planning activity is the best way to recover from a concussion. You need to rest and gradually return to your daily activities. Do not try to do too much a once. […] Talk to your doctor if your symptoms havent improved after a few weeks.
  • #1 What to do After a Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/guidelines/recovery-from-concussion.html
    A child should only return to sports practices after a concussion with approval of their health care provider. […] Watch your child closely for new, ongoing, or worsening symptoms. Tell your child’s health care provider if you notice their symptoms are getting worse and don’t go away. […] Here’s a list of quick tips on what to do and not do while your child is recovering from a concussion. […] Support your child’s individual recovery process, which is different for every child. Most children have a good recovery after a concussion.
  • #1 UT Health Austin | Concussion Care
    https://uthealthaustin.org/clinics/musculoskeletal-institute/sports-and-injury-clinic/concussion-care
    Once the individual returns to a pre-concussion baseline level of symptoms, balance, concentration, and cognitive function, a stepwise progression for return-to-play will occur. Each step requires at least 24 hours of being symptom-free before advancing to the next step. If symptoms occur during the stepwise progression, the individual will return to the previous level during which no symptoms were experienced.
  • #1 Concussion Care | Summa Health | Proudly Serving Northeast Ohio
    https://www.summahealth.org/orthopedic/patient-education/concussion-management-program/concussion-care
    Its important for parents to have the concussion discussion with their child. Talk to your athlete about the dangers of ignoring a possible concussion. Make it clear that: Playing with a concussion is dangerous it is not a sign of courage or toughness, Concealing symptoms increases the risk of a life-threatening brain injury, Physician instructions and return-to-play guidelines exist to protect not impede the athlete and should be followed, Its important to avoid sustaining a second concussion before the first injury has healed. […] In second injury syndrome, because of the reduced blood flow caused by the first concussion, a seemingly minor second impact can be catastrophic, causing blood flow regulation in the brain to go haywire that can result in serious brain damage or even death.
  • #1 Concussion: Prevention, assessment, and management
    https://www.myamericannurse.com/concussion-prevention-management/
    Early recognition is the first step to proper care. […] Preventing concussions is the cornerstone of care. […] Recognition and proper care of concussion is a priority to prevent injury and promote wellness in the pediatric population. […] Nurses are key players in the push to increase recognition and standardize treatment, making a significant impact on the prevention, recognition, and post-concussion care of youth athletes. […] The role of prevention can’t be overstated. […] School nurses can play a leadership role in concussion recognition, care, and referral, and in coordinating and monitoring proper cognitive rest and academic accommodations. […] Nurses in school, acute care, and primary care settings are in key positions to involve interdisciplinary teams, which includes families, coaches, educators, and other healthcare providers. […] Nurses also can advocate for increased recognition and standardized treatment, making a significant impact on the health of young athletes.
  • #1 Concussion in Toddlers & Babies: Symptoms & Treatment | Lurie Children’s
    https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/concussion-prevention-recognition-in-little-ones/
    While your child is recovering from a concussion, it is important that they do not have a second additional head injury. Your child should avoid rough-play and the possibility of additional injuries/falls. They should have NO play with balls, running, wrestling, climbing, playground equipment, scooters, bikes, or trampolines. […] Most children will recover within 2-4 weeks and go back to their normal activities without the return of symptoms. Your child’s doctor can help decide when it is safe for them to return to their normal activities. If your child continues to have difficulties beyond one month, ask your doctor if you should meet with a concussion specialist.
  • #1 Head injuries and concussion | Better Health Channel
    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/head-injuries-and-concussion
    Always seek medical attention for a head injury. […] Anyone suspected of having concussion should be assessed by a doctor. […] Be guided by your doctor, but self-care suggestions include: […] There is no specific treatment for mild head injury other than plenty of rest and not overdoing things. […] It can take some time for the brain to recover from a head injury. During this time, headaches, dizziness and mild cognitive (thought) problems are common. […] It is best to wait until you are feeling better before you go back to your normal activities. […] Don’t go to work or school until you have fully recovered. […] If you have another head injury before you have fully recovered, this may be even worse than the first head injury. […] A second concussion that occurs before your brain recovers from the first usually within a short period of time (hours, days or weeks) can slow recovery or increase the likelihood of having long-term problems.
  • #1 Concussion Treatment and Recovery | University of Michigan Health
    https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/brain-neurological-conditions/concussion-treatment-and-recovery
    Recovery from concussion is a complex and dynamic process. […] Management of recovery should be individualized and directed by a health care provider with expertise in concussion care and who has ready access to treatment resources. […] A specialist should direct care for recovery from concussion. […] During the recovery phase factors that are causing symptoms should be sought and treatment plans put in place for their resolution. […] Continued follow up at a clinic with expertise in management of concussion during the recovery phase allows for an individualized recovery plan including, a prescription for exercise and referrals to optimize recovery. […] The dynamic nature of concussion recovery requires follow-up with tailored management during each phase of concussion.
  • #1 Concussion and Related Neurotrauma
    https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/concussion-and-related-neurotrauma
    The need for follow-up care depends on your childs injury and symptoms. Some kids might work with specialists in speech-language pathology, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. Your child also might undergo evaluations with psychologists, psychiatrists, and neuropsychologists, if needed. Clinical social workers and psychologists can work with schools to plan any necessary accommodations. […] If your child or teen experiences a concussion, the Gillette Neurotrauma Clinic provides specialty evaluations and outpatient follow-up. We also offer evaluations and treatments specially designed for infants and toddlers. Our services also include administering ImPACT for children 5 and older. […] To treat a concussion, your child might work with specialists in: […] When children age 15 and under experience a severe brain injury, Gillette provides pediatric intensive care (critical care) and comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation care. Our goal is to help your child make a full recovery, while reducing risk of long-term injury. […] Your family will work closely with our highly trained specialists, who will offer guidance and support as you help your child return to normal activities.
  • #1
    https://atriumhealth.org/medical-services/specialty-care/rehabilitation/concussion-care
    We use neuropsychological testing to help develop a personalized treatment plan and repeat testing to track your progress. […] They help you develop a safe, gradual return to exercise and help you reduce dizziness after a concussion. […] They help you better understand if your concussion has impacted how you think and offer ways to fix and manage these difficulties. […] They also evaluate vision problems such as your ability to see, move your eyes and process visual information.
  • #1 Concussion Care Pathway
    https://www.ccgi-research.com/concussion-care-pathway/home
    Multidisciplinary care may be required especially for persistent symptoms. […] Continuous Monitoring: Regularly reassess symptoms, cognitive function, balance, etc. using SCAT6/SCOAT6. Adjust the treatment plan based on progress and emerging symptoms, ensuring it aligns with the patients evolving goals, feedback, and clinical judgement. […] Discharge when milestones are achieved (e.g., symptom resolution, cognitive and physical recovery, return to symptom-free normal activities), progress plateaus, or initial goals are met.
  • #1 Concussion Care
    https://www.uoc.com/specialties/concussion-care
    We are committed to keeping in touch with your family members, athletic trainers, and coaching staff to ensure that your concussion is healing as expected and your return to sport is appropriately timed. […] Concussion awareness continues to become widespread. […] At UOC, we remain committed to helping coaches, school administrators, teachers, and medical providers recognize the signs and symptoms of a sports-related concussion.
  • #1 Concussion Care Pathway
    https://www.ccgi-research.com/concussion-care-pathway/home
    Effective management of concussion is multifaceted, requiring a personalized approach tailored to the individual’s specific symptoms and needs. Appropriate management strategies are ethical, evidence-driven, transparent, flexible, and responsive to the person’s needs. […] Initial essential interventions include: Short-term physical and cognitive rest immediately after the injury, followed by a gradual return to daily activities as tolerated; education about the condition; reassurance regarding the typical recovery process; addressing psychosocial factors, and promoting self-care practices. […] Continuous monitoring and assessment of symptoms and functional status are essential to adjust the management plan as needed, ensuring alignment with patient goals. […] Effective management may be supported through in-person, virtual or hybrid care models to enhance accessibility and support recovery.
  • #1 Concussions (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth
    https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/concussions.html
    A concussion is a brain injury that affects the way the brain works and can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and confusion. […] Healing from a mild concussion involves a gradual return to activities that finds a balance between doing too much and too little. […] Keep your child out of all sports and any activities that could lead to head injury (like rough play, or riding a bike or skateboard) until their symptoms are completely gone and they’re cleared by a health care provider. […] Someone healing from a concussion should: Ease back into activities as symptoms get better. Get plenty of sleep. Not go back to sports until cleared by their health care provider. […] Your child needs your support as they heal from the concussion. Help them add reasonable activities but also recognize when the body and brain need more time to heal. Never tell your child to tough it out if they have trouble with an activity. This can slow their recovery and may make the concussion symptoms worse. […] Don’t let your child go back to sports before they’re cleared to do so by a health care provider. Getting another head injury before the concussion is healed can be very dangerous.
  • #1 Resources For School Nurses — Concussion Alliance
    https://www.concussionalliance.org/resources-for-school-nurses
    If symptoms persist, tell parents it is important to seek targeted care: In the first 10 days after concussion, sleep disturbance is associated with increased risk of persisting symptoms and may warrant further evaluation and treatment. […] If headaches, dizziness, and/or neck pain last longer than 10 days, advise parents to seek rehabilitative care. […] If symptoms last longer than 4 weeks, further treatment including collaborative care is recommended. […] Return to school within a week with the help of adjustments or accommodations. […] It is important that the latest guidelines are followed to help get the student on track for a return to school.
  • #1 What to do After a Concussion | HEADS UP | CDC
    https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/guidelines/recovery-from-concussion.html
    Caring for a child with a possible concussion might feel stressful or scary. You’re already doing the right thing by learning how to get them checked out and to care for your child during this time. The good news is most children with concussion feel better with the right care. […] A child with a possible concussion needs to be seen by a health care provider. A health care provider can tell them if they have a concussion. […] If your child is diagnosed with a concussion, their health care provider should: Give you instructions to help with their recovery, including how to manage and monitor concussion symptoms. […] Most children can return to school within 1 to 2 days of a concussion. […] Most children with a concussion feel better within 2 to 4 weeks. […] Recovery from a concussion is when your child is able to do all of their regular activities without experiencing any symptoms.
  • #1 Concussion/Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU
    https://www.chrichmond.org/services/neurosciences/conditions-we-treat/concussion-and-traumatic-brain-injury/
    If you suspect your child or teen has a concussion or brain injury, follow these steps: Seek medical attention right away by calling 804-628-4878 or 855-742-4878 (toll-free). Keep your child out of play. Ask us for written instructions on helping your child return to school. You can give the instructions to your child’s school nurse and teacher(s) and return-to-play instructions to the coach and/or athletic trainer.
  • #2 Concussion (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury): Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente
    https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.concussion-mild-traumatic-brain-injury-care-instructions.uf7532
    A concussion is a kind of injury to the brain. It happens when the head or body receives a hard blow. The impact can jar or shake the brain inside the skull. This interrupts the brain’s normal activities. Although you may have cuts or bruises on your head or face, you may have no other visible signs of a brain injury. In most cases, damage to the brain from a concussion can’t be seen in tests such as a CT or MRI scan. […] You may have low energy, dizziness, trouble sleeping, a headache, ringing in your ears, or nausea. You may also feel anxious, grumpy, or depressed. You may have problems with memory and concentration. These symptoms are common after a concussion. They should slowly improve over time. They may last for days, weeks, or even months or longer following the injury. How long they last depends on how severe the concussion is.
  • #2 Caring for Concussions | NIH News in Health
    https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/caring-concussions
    Some people may briefly lose consciousness right after a jolt to the head. Later symptoms can include headache, nausea, confusion, dizziness, or memory problems. Some people may also have sensitivity to light or noise, feel groggy or slow, or have changes to their sleep patterns. […] Doctors have become much better at diagnosing concussions over the last decade, says Dr. Christina Master, an NIH-funded researcher studying children with traumatic brain injury at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. To diagnose a concussion, your doctor will ask how the injury happened and about your symptoms. They may also evaluate your balance, vision, and eye movements. […] People with a concussion also need follow-up care. But Manley and others found in a recent study that fewer than half of people diagnosed with concussion in the ER receive such care. This lack of follow-up can prevent people from getting treatment that could improve their quality of life, Manley explains.
  • #2 Nursing Care Plan for Head Injury – Made For Medical
    https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-head-injury/
    Head injuries can range from mild concussions to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), and require careful assessment, management, and support. As a nurse, your role is crucial in providing immediate and ongoing care to patients with head injuries. This nursing care plan aims to outline evidence-based interventions to assess, manage, and support patients with head injuries. […] The patient may report symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or confusion. […] Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion related to head trauma and potential increased intracranial pressure (ICP). […] Monitor the patients level of consciousness, pupillary response, and vital signs regularly. […] Provide emotional support and reassurance to the patient and family/caregivers, addressing their concerns and providing information about the patients condition and treatment plan.
  • #2 Nursing Care Plan for Head Injury – Made For Medical
    https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-head-injury/
    Monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, frequently to assess for changes that may indicate increased ICP. […] Provide education to the patient and family/caregivers about signs and symptoms of increased ICP and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention if these occur. […] Assess the patients pain level using a pain scale and ask about the location, intensity, and quality of the pain. […] The patients neurological function remains stable or shows signs of improvement, with no new deficits observed. […] Regularly document the patients vital signs, neurologic assessments, mobility status, communication assessments, sensory responses, educational interventions, and the patients response to treatment.
  • #2 Concussion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic
    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/concussion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355600
    Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your concussion-related health concerns […] After a diagnosis of a concussion, you or your child may need to be hospitalized overnight for observation. […] Your healthcare professional may recommend that you have shortened school days or workdays. You may need to take breaks during the day, or have modified or reduced school workloads or work assignments as you recover. […] Your healthcare professional also may recommend different therapies. You may need rehabilitation for symptoms related to vision, balance, or thinking and memory. […] Gradually resume your usual daily activities, including screen time, as you’re able to tolerate them without worsening symptoms. […] If you have a headache, acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may ease the pain. Don’t take other pain relievers such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) if you suspect you’ve had a concussion. These may increase the risk of bleeding.
  • #2 Concussion – Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
    https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=custom.ab_concussion_ac_adult
    A concussion, also called a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury. It happens when your brain gets shaken inside your skull from a hit (blow) to your head or when your head and neck jerk when your body is hit. […] With a concussion, your brains nerve fibers get injured, which affects how your brain normally works. In most cases, you cannot see this injury on tests such as a CT scan or MRI. […] Have someone stay with you for the first 24 hours after the concussion, and use the advice below to manage your symptoms, be safe, and start recovering. […] Rest for the first 24 hours. It’s one of the best things to help your brain recover. Its okay to sleep if you want. […] Take acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) for pain. Talk to your doctor about using products with ASA or NSAIDs in them (such as Aspirin) or ibuprofen (such as Advil or Motrin), as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
  • #2 Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management | AAFP
    https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2019/0401/p426.html
    Initial management after concussion includes a brief period of rest, followed by gradual return to activity. […] The ideal amount or duration of rest is supported only by limited data, but most guidelines suggest at least 24 to 48 hours. […] A multidisciplinary approach should be considered for those with prolonged symptoms, including referral to a physician experienced in concussion management and for formal neuropsychiatric testing. […] Interaction with employers, teachers, or coaches may be necessary to ensure appropriate accommodations.
  • #2 Caring for Concussions | NIH News in Health
    https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/05/caring-concussions
    Drugs dont yet exist to treat concussion itself. But we have plenty of drugs and interventions for the side effects of traumatic brain injury, he says. These include medications to help with chronic headache, depression, and sleep problems. […] After a concussion, the brain needs some rest. Research has shown that both children and adults benefit from reducing their mental and physical activity for a short time and should return to those activities gradually. […] People who have experienced a head injury shouldnt feel frustrated if it takes up to a month to feel normal, she adds. Rest for someone with a concussion doesnt mean doing nothing at all, Master says. Doing light physical activity and using your brain in ways that dont make concussion symptoms worse can help you heal faster. […] Physical rehabilitation programs can also help those with longer-lasting symptoms, explains Master. Talk with your doctor about how to return to your normal activity after a concussion. If symptoms persist, ask about physical therapy.
  • #2 Concussion | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine
    https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/concussion
    The UR Medicine Neurology and Orthopaedics Rehabilitation teams work together to deliver the latest in medical and surgical care to prevent, evaluate, treat, and rehabilitate concussions. […] We also have physical therapists who can help you return to your normal lifestyle. Every concussion is unique, so our physical therapists will work closely with you to determine the best exercises and activities for your recovery. […] A Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) will assess how a concussion has affected: Attention and focus, Memory and recall, Problem-solving and decision-making (executive functioning), Language and communication skills, Visuospatial processing. […] The Integrative Cognitive Rehabilitation Program (ICRP) at UR Medicine is a specialized, multidisciplinary program designed to help individuals recover from mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), concussion, and other cognitive impairments. […] For sports concussions, UR Medicine Athletic trainers work closely with local high schools and colleges to provide immediate care for injuries during practices or games. They also triage concussions and work with UR Medicine physicians to coordinate care for the athletes.
  • #2 Sports Concussion | Orthopedic Specialty | TCO
    https://tcomn.com/specialties/sports-concussion/
    Concussions should never be taken lightly. Ignoring symptoms can or delaying treatment can lead to a longer recovery process which impacts participation in physical, academic, and social activities. Our premier sports concussion program offers comprehensive care to help athletes return to sport. […] At our clinics across the metro, including Minnesota’s most advanced concussion center at TCO Eden Prairie, we create personalized-treatment plans tailored to each athlete’s specific needs. Using the latest, and most innovative technology, we are dedicated to helping athletes recover, regain their confidence, and return to peak performance. […] For patients needing a formal rehabilitation plan, we have sub-specialized physical therapists at multiple locations that provide: Vestibular Therapy – Helps address issues with dizziness, balance, and other symptoms; Ocular Motor Rehabilitation – Helps address issues with vision, focus, and other symptoms; Exertion Therapy and Functional Training – Helps in the overall recovery of concussion injuries; Cervical Spine Treatment – Helps address neck pain and stiffness, which are commonly associated with concussion injuries.
  • #2 Concussion: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes & Treatments
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15038-concussion
    Your provider may recommend that you take time off work, or that your child stay home for school for a few days. Theyll tell you when its okay to gradually ease back into working or doing schoolwork based on how long it takes the symptoms to get better. […] Yes, sleep is an extremely important part of recovering from a concussion. […] You shouldnt take any over-the-counter (OTC) pain medications if you think you have a concussion before you see a healthcare provider. […] Your provider will tell you which medications are safe to take while you recover. […] Concussions are injuries that happen suddenly. Because you cant plan for them, you may not always be able to prevent one. […] Talk to your provider before resuming your usual daily routine. […] Recovery doesnt always happen in a way that wed expect it might take more or less time at certain stages. Be honest with yourself and your healthcare providers as you recover. […] Most people can recover with no long-term effects or complications. Dont rush your recovery the best thing for your brain is to give it all the time it naturally needs to heal itself.
  • #2 Concussion: Prevention, assessment, and management
    https://www.myamericannurse.com/concussion-prevention-management/
    Early recognition is the first step to proper care. […] Preventing concussions is the cornerstone of care. […] Recognition and proper care of concussion is a priority to prevent injury and promote wellness in the pediatric population. […] Nurses are key players in the push to increase recognition and standardize treatment, making a significant impact on the prevention, recognition, and post-concussion care of youth athletes. […] The role of prevention can’t be overstated. […] School nurses can play a leadership role in concussion recognition, care, and referral, and in coordinating and monitoring proper cognitive rest and academic accommodations. […] Nurses in school, acute care, and primary care settings are in key positions to involve interdisciplinary teams, which includes families, coaches, educators, and other healthcare providers. […] Nurses also can advocate for increased recognition and standardized treatment, making a significant impact on the health of young athletes.
  • #3 Concussion Care Beyond Athletics | ImPACT Applications
    https://impacttest.com/concussion-care-beyond-athletics/
    Concussions are not limited to sports injuries – they can happen anywhere, at any time. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), falls are the #1 cause of concussions. Some of the other common non-athletic causes of concussions include workplace accidents, motor vehicle accidents, and assault / domestic abuse. There are a few distinctions between athletic and non-athletic concussions to be aware of. […] Concussion education is especially important for non-athletic populations who may not have the same baseline level of concussion knowledge as athletes. Explain to patients that concussion is a metabolic injury rather than a structural injury, and therefore no special tests or imaging will definitely show a concussion. Concussion doesn’t cause bleeding, swelling, or bruising in the brain. Rather, concussion is an energy crisis in the brain which includes neuronal depolarization, release of excitatory neurotransmitters, ionic shifts, changes in glucose metabolism, altered cerebral blood flow, and impaired axonal function. Because the spread of misinformation has created a lot of hysteria around concussion, patients may be feeling uneasy or fearful about their recovery. It’s important to reassure patients that concussion is a treatable injury and to set realistic expectations for the course of symptoms and length of recovery process. One way to make sure patients are informed about concussions is to refute some of the common myths.
  • #3 Concussion Program – SCORE | Children’s National Hospital
    https://www.childrensnational.org/get-care/departments/safe-concussion-outcome-recovery-education-score-program
    The program uses specialized state-of-the-art testing and symptom assessments, which are sensitive to detecting concussion-related dysfunction. […] Clinicians in the SCORE program use these findings to make detailed recommendations to patients about returning to school, play and work via the ACE Care Plan. […] The SCORE program aims to improve the knowledge and skill of people in the medical, educational and athletic community regarding the specific needs of individuals with concussion/mild TBI. […] Through research investigation, the SCORE program aims to increase knowledge, skills and instrumentation in the evaluation and treatment of children, adolescents and young adults with concussion/mild TBI. […] Parents of children experiencing initial symptoms of a concussion should call 202-476-2429 to make an appointment. An appointment should be made if a child is experiencing the following: Headache or pressure in head, Dizziness or balance problems, Double or blurred vision, Sensitivity to light, Fatigue, Mental fogginess, Difficulty concentrating, Memory problems, Feeling slowed down, Sadness or irritability, Sleep disruption. […] Emergency Department referral is recommended for children with sudden onset, within the first 1-2 days after injury, of any of the following „danger” signs of possible neurological deterioration.
  • #3 Nursing Care Plan for Head Injury – Made For Medical
    https://www.madeformedical.com/nursing-care-plan-for-head-injury/
    Monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate, frequently to assess for changes that may indicate increased ICP. […] Provide education to the patient and family/caregivers about signs and symptoms of increased ICP and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention if these occur. […] Assess the patients pain level using a pain scale and ask about the location, intensity, and quality of the pain. […] The patients neurological function remains stable or shows signs of improvement, with no new deficits observed. […] Regularly document the patients vital signs, neurologic assessments, mobility status, communication assessments, sensory responses, educational interventions, and the patients response to treatment.