Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The pathology and clinical features of „glue ear”: a review – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10993548/

  The clinical entity known as „glue ear” is synonymous with mucoid otitis media and represents the most common cause of hearing loss in children. […] This review considers the current state of our knowledge of mucoid otitis media, discussing definition and terminology, pathology, etiology and microbiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment. […] Otitis Media with Effusion / pathology*

• #2 Otitis Media With Effusion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538293/

  Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition in which there is fluid in the middle ear but no signs of acute infection. As fluid builds up in the middle ear and Eustachian tube, it places pressure on the tympanic membrane. The pressure prevents the tympanic membrane from vibrating properly, decreases sound conduction, and therefore results in decreased hearing. […] After an acute otitis media in children, fluid builds up in the middle ear, inhibiting vibration of the tympanic membrane and subsequent transmission of sound into the inner ear. With this deficit, children may have a decreased ability to communicate in noisy environments. The child may show signs of inattention or decreased academic performance. […] In patients with large adenoids, the adenoids can obstruct the Eustachian tube resulting in a poorly ventilated middle ear. This type of blockage may result in OME. Because the adenoids are a lymphatic structure, it is possible that they can transmit bacteria into the Eustachian tube and allow the growth of biofilms. Such bacterial growth can cause inflammation that would also facilitate blockage and fluid build-up within the middle ear.

• #3 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  Otitis media with effusion (OME) can occur during the resolution of acute otitis media (AOM) once the acute inflammation has resolved. Among children who have had an episode of acute otitis media, as many as 45% have persistent effusion after 1 month, but this number decreases to 10% after 3 months. […] The classic explanation proposes that eustachian tube dysfunction is the necessary precursor. The eustachian tube has been traditionally described to provide 3 main functions: equilibration of pressure between the middle and external ears, clearance of secretions, and protection of the middle ear. Its dysfunction can be caused by any number of circumstances from anatomic blockage to inflammation secondary to allergies, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), or trauma. […] If eustachian tube dysfunction is persistent, a negative pressure develops within the middle ear from the absorption and/or diffusion of nitrogen and oxygen into the middle ear mucosal cells. If present for long enough and with appropriate magnitude, the negative pressure elicits a transudate from the mucosa, leading to the eventual accumulation of a serous, essentially sterile effusion.

• #4 Glue ear — julianhamann.com

  https://www.julianhamann.com/ear-balance-dizziness/glue-ear

  The area known as the middle ear is an air-containing space on the inside of the ear drum. It contains the small bones of hearing (the ossicles). Air is puffed into the middle ear through the Eustachian tube, which runs from the middle ear to the back of the nose. […] If the Eustachian tube isnt working properly, then as the air in the middle ear is absorbed by the lining (which happens continuously), a vacuum forms in the middle ear. Cells in the lining of the middle ear then proceed to produce mucus. In this environment, the ossicles are unable to transmit sound properly, and hearing is impaired.

• #5 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, happens when fluid collects in your childs middle ear. […] Glue ear can affect one or both of your childs ears. […] When your childs Eustachian tubes have a blockage, air cant enter their middle ears. When this occurs, the cells lining their middle ears start to make a thick, sticky fluid. This is where the name glue ear came from. […] Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesnt always occur due to ear infections. A blockage in your childs Eustachian tubes can cause the condition for many reasons. […] If enlarged adenoids are the cause of your childs glue ear, their specialist may perform an adenoidectomy. […] Glue ear often goes away naturally without treatment. […] Most cases of glue ear go away on their own within two to three weeks. Sometimes, the condition persists for several months. If it hasnt resolved on its own within three months, speak with your childs healthcare provider about appropriate treatment.

• #6 Glue Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/hearing-problems/glue-ear

  Glue ear is a condition where the middle ear fills with glue-like fluid instead of air. This causes dulled hearing. […] The cause is probably due to the eustachian tube not working properly. The balance of fluid and air in the middle ear may become altered if the eustachian tube is narrow, blocked, or does not open properly. Air in the middle ear may gradually pass into the nearby cells if it is not replaced by air coming up the eustachian tube. A vacuum may then develop in the middle ear. This may cause fluid to seep into the middle ear from the nearby cells. […] Some children develop glue ear after a cough, cold, or ear infection when extra mucus is made. The mucus may build up in the middle ear and not drain well down the eustachian tube. However, in many cases glue ear does not begin with an ear infection. […] Children are particularly prone to glue ear due to the shape and position of their eustachian tubes. In adults, the eustachian tubes are wide with a steeper angle but in children they are narrow and more horizontal so they do not drain as effectively as in adults.

• #7 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  Otitis media with effusion (OME) can occur during the resolution of acute otitis media (AOM) once the acute inflammation has resolved. Among children who have had an episode of acute otitis media, as many as 45% have persistent effusion after 1 month, but this number decreases to 10% after 3 months. […] The classic explanation proposes that eustachian tube dysfunction is the necessary precursor. The eustachian tube has been traditionally described to provide 3 main functions: equilibration of pressure between the middle and external ears, clearance of secretions, and protection of the middle ear. Its dysfunction can be caused by any number of circumstances from anatomic blockage to inflammation secondary to allergies, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), or trauma. […] If eustachian tube dysfunction is persistent, a negative pressure develops within the middle ear from the absorption and/or diffusion of nitrogen and oxygen into the middle ear mucosal cells. If present for long enough and with appropriate magnitude, the negative pressure elicits a transudate from the mucosa, leading to the eventual accumulation of a serous, essentially sterile effusion.

• #8

  http://entdoctor.org.uk/html/glue_ear.html

  Glue ear is a condition where there is a build up of fluid in the middle ear. […] The main aetiological factors are thought to be Eustachian tube dysfunction, infection or a combination of these factors. Eustachian tube dysfunction may be due to palatal defects such as cleft palate, where the pull of the tensor palati muscle is deficient and this is thought to result in impaired eustachian tube opening. […] Two main mechanisms are postulated for the persistent presence of middle ear fluid. The vacuum theory assumes that a prolonged negative middle ear pressure leads to a transudate of fluid from the mucosal lining of the middle ear. […] An alternative theory proposes that subacute middle ear infection may produce an exudates of fluid into the middle ear. Infection may also cause oedema of middle ear and eustachian tube mucosa leading to obstruction of the eustachian tube and hence impaired drainage of the middle ear fluid. Both theories may be partially correct.

• #9 Eustachian tube dysfunction is not the primary causative mechanism in

  https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/03/eustachian-tube-dysfunction-not-primary-causative-mechanism-glue-ear

  Eustachian tube dysfunction is not the primary causative mechanism in „glue ear”. […] Although they recognise that the cause is poorly understood they go on to state „it arises from eustachian tube dysfunction, causing chronically low pressure in the middle ear”. […] This „hydrops ex-vacuo” theory was formulated by Politzer nearly 150 years ago, and although stated sometimes even in contemporary literature, it is unsubstantiated. […] Abnormal opening or closing pressure („function”) of the eustachian tube is demonstrated in some children when OME is present, but probably reflects a narrowing of the lumen of the eustachian tube by mucosal inflammation: an effect rather than a cause of OME. […] However, in children who have had a first episode of OME, eustachian tube function does not correlate to disease recurrence, nor explain the success of surgical treatment.

• #10 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  The newer models describe the primary event as inflammation of the middle ear mucosa caused by a reaction to bacteria already present in the middle ear. […] The inflammatory mediators released as a result of bacterial antigenic challenge induce the upregulation of mucin genes. The production of a mucin-rich effusion then provides an ample medium for the proliferation of bacteria and resultant acute otitis media. […] Regardless of the cause of acute otitis media, eustachian tube dysfunction is nearly universal in otitis media with effusion. […] Otitis media with effusion does not necessarily follow acute otitis media. Theories to explain the development of middle ear effusion in this case include the secretion of fluid from inflamed middle ear mucosa. […] Otitis media with effusion is ubiquitous in children who have a cleft palate. The cause is simply the lack of proper insertion of the tensor veli palatini muscle in the soft palate.

• #11 Eustachian tube dysfunction is not the primary causative mechanism in

  https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/03/eustachian-tube-dysfunction-not-primary-causative-mechanism-glue-ear

  Instead onset of OME reflects a complex interplay between the nasopharyngeal microbiome and mucosal immunology, and with poorly understood factors that cause progression from acute to chronic inflammatory signaling. […] However, the duration of effusion in OME is known to have high heritability, and so future dissection of host genetics may prove a fruitful strategy in understanding pathobiology.

• #12 Glue Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/hearing-problems/glue-ear

  Glue ear is a condition where the middle ear fills with glue-like fluid instead of air. This causes dulled hearing. […] The cause is probably due to the eustachian tube not working properly. The balance of fluid and air in the middle ear may become altered if the eustachian tube is narrow, blocked, or does not open properly. Air in the middle ear may gradually pass into the nearby cells if it is not replaced by air coming up the eustachian tube. A vacuum may then develop in the middle ear. This may cause fluid to seep into the middle ear from the nearby cells. […] Some children develop glue ear after a cough, cold, or ear infection when extra mucus is made. The mucus may build up in the middle ear and not drain well down the eustachian tube. However, in many cases glue ear does not begin with an ear infection. […] Children are particularly prone to glue ear due to the shape and position of their eustachian tubes. In adults, the eustachian tubes are wide with a steeper angle but in children they are narrow and more horizontal so they do not drain as effectively as in adults.

• #13 Ear infection (middle ear) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616

  Swollen eustachian tubes can become blocked, causing fluids to build up in the middle ear. This fluid can become infected and cause the symptoms of an ear infection. […] In young children, these tubes are narrower and more level than adults’ are. As a result, they’re harder to drain and more likely to get clogged. […] Swelling of the adenoids can block the tubes. This can lead to middle ear infection, especially in children.

• #14 Otitis Media With Effusion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538293/

  Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition in which there is fluid in the middle ear but no signs of acute infection. As fluid builds up in the middle ear and Eustachian tube, it places pressure on the tympanic membrane. The pressure prevents the tympanic membrane from vibrating properly, decreases sound conduction, and therefore results in decreased hearing. […] After an acute otitis media in children, fluid builds up in the middle ear, inhibiting vibration of the tympanic membrane and subsequent transmission of sound into the inner ear. With this deficit, children may have a decreased ability to communicate in noisy environments. The child may show signs of inattention or decreased academic performance. […] In patients with large adenoids, the adenoids can obstruct the Eustachian tube resulting in a poorly ventilated middle ear. This type of blockage may result in OME. Because the adenoids are a lymphatic structure, it is possible that they can transmit bacteria into the Eustachian tube and allow the growth of biofilms. Such bacterial growth can cause inflammation that would also facilitate blockage and fluid build-up within the middle ear.

• #15 Ear infection (middle ear) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616

  Swollen eustachian tubes can become blocked, causing fluids to build up in the middle ear. This fluid can become infected and cause the symptoms of an ear infection. […] In young children, these tubes are narrower and more level than adults’ are. As a result, they’re harder to drain and more likely to get clogged. […] Swelling of the adenoids can block the tubes. This can lead to middle ear infection, especially in children.

• #16 Otitis Media With Effusion – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538293/

  Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition in which there is fluid in the middle ear but no signs of acute infection. As fluid builds up in the middle ear and Eustachian tube, it places pressure on the tympanic membrane. The pressure prevents the tympanic membrane from vibrating properly, decreases sound conduction, and therefore results in decreased hearing. […] After an acute otitis media in children, fluid builds up in the middle ear, inhibiting vibration of the tympanic membrane and subsequent transmission of sound into the inner ear. With this deficit, children may have a decreased ability to communicate in noisy environments. The child may show signs of inattention or decreased academic performance. […] In patients with large adenoids, the adenoids can obstruct the Eustachian tube resulting in a poorly ventilated middle ear. This type of blockage may result in OME. Because the adenoids are a lymphatic structure, it is possible that they can transmit bacteria into the Eustachian tube and allow the growth of biofilms. Such bacterial growth can cause inflammation that would also facilitate blockage and fluid build-up within the middle ear.

• #17 Glue Ear – Symptoms and Treatment – Otovent

  https://www.otovent.co.uk/glue-ear-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Glue ear occurs when the middle ear fills with a sticky, glue-like fluid instead of air. This fluid dampens the vibrations made by sound waves as they travel through the eardrum and ossicles. The cochlea in turn receives dampened vibrations, and so the ‘volume’ of hearing is essentially ‘turned down’. […] A major cause of glue ear is thought to be due to the Eustachian tubes (which link the pharynx to the middle ear) not working correctly. If the Eustachian tube is narrow, blocked, or does not open properly, the balance of fluid and air in the middle ear may be altered. Once air gradually makes its way through the middle of the ear and passes into the nearby cells a vacuum will develop if the air is not replaced in the Eustachian tube. Additionally, fluid may also seep into the middle ear from nearby cells.

• #18 Ear Infection – Chronic Otitis Media and Glue Ear – ENT Clinic

  https://ent-surgery.com.au/ent-resources/ear/ear-infection-chronic-otitis-media-and-glue-ear/

  Glue ear is fluid in the middle ear, behind the ear drum. […] Otitis media and glue ear cause the eardrum to stop working properly causing hearing problems. […] The reason this build up of fluid affects your child’s hearing is that the tiny bones of hearing and the ear drum cannot move freely because of the thick fluid. […] This is called a conductive hearing loss. […] All children with middle ear infection or fluid have some degree of hearing loss. […] The average hearing loss in ears with fluid is 24 decibels – equivalent to wearing ear plugs. […] Thicker fluid can cause much more loss, up to 45 decibels (the sound level of conversational speech). […] Essentially, a child experiencing hearing loss from middle ear infections will hear muffled sounds and misunderstand speech rather than incur a complete hearing loss – the consequences can be significant including delay in learning important speech and language skills.

• #19 Ear Infection – Chronic Otitis Media and Glue Ear – ENT Clinic

  https://ent-surgery.com.au/ent-resources/ear/ear-infection-chronic-otitis-media-and-glue-ear/

  Glue ear is fluid in the middle ear, behind the ear drum. […] Otitis media and glue ear cause the eardrum to stop working properly causing hearing problems. […] The reason this build up of fluid affects your child’s hearing is that the tiny bones of hearing and the ear drum cannot move freely because of the thick fluid. […] This is called a conductive hearing loss. […] All children with middle ear infection or fluid have some degree of hearing loss. […] The average hearing loss in ears with fluid is 24 decibels – equivalent to wearing ear plugs. […] Thicker fluid can cause much more loss, up to 45 decibels (the sound level of conversational speech). […] Essentially, a child experiencing hearing loss from middle ear infections will hear muffled sounds and misunderstand speech rather than incur a complete hearing loss – the consequences can be significant including delay in learning important speech and language skills.

• #20 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  The newer models describe the primary event as inflammation of the middle ear mucosa caused by a reaction to bacteria already present in the middle ear. […] The inflammatory mediators released as a result of bacterial antigenic challenge induce the upregulation of mucin genes. The production of a mucin-rich effusion then provides an ample medium for the proliferation of bacteria and resultant acute otitis media. […] Regardless of the cause of acute otitis media, eustachian tube dysfunction is nearly universal in otitis media with effusion. […] Otitis media with effusion does not necessarily follow acute otitis media. Theories to explain the development of middle ear effusion in this case include the secretion of fluid from inflamed middle ear mucosa. […] Otitis media with effusion is ubiquitous in children who have a cleft palate. The cause is simply the lack of proper insertion of the tensor veli palatini muscle in the soft palate.

• #21 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Glue ear is caused when fluid builds up in the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum. This happens when the Eustachian tube, a small tube that connects your middle ear to the back of your nose and throat, gets blocked. […] Normally, this tube allows air to enter the middle ear and lets fluid drain out. When it’s blocked, fluid builds up and affects your hearing. […] Factors that increase your risk of glue ear include: ear infections or respiratory infections, colds, allergies, such as hay fever, exposure to cigarette smoke. […] Glue ear can happen at any age but is most common in children between 1 and 6 years old. This is because their Eustachian tube is smaller and more likely to get blocked. […] If glue ear does not resolve on its own, there are a few treatment options your doctor may suggest: hearing aids if glue ear persists and affects hearing, grommets (ventilation tubes) if the fluid doesn’t go away and is causing hearing loss. These are inserted into the eardrums during a minor surgical procedure to help drain the fluid.

• #22 OME | aarontrinidade

  https://www.aarontrinidade.com/ome

  Yes, children with Down syndrome and cleft palate are more prone to developing both glue ear due to an abnormality in the structure and function of their Eustachian tubes. […] The majority of cases (approximately 75%) will spontaneously resolve with a wait and see approach, which is usually undertaken for approximately 3 months. […] During this time, an Otovent device can be tried. This is a special balloon that the child blows up with their nose in an attempt to force air up the Eustachian tubes and encourage a resolution of the fluid collection in the middle ear. […] For children who do not recover naturally after a 3-month period of watchful waiting and still have evidence of glue in both ears, ventilation tubes (grommets) can be inserted. These tubes allow ventilation of the middle ear by bypassing the dysfunctional Eustachian tube, and prevent the build up of fluid or pus behind the ear drum.

• #23 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Untreated glue ear can cause complications that may affect your or your child’s hearing and development, including: hearing loss fluid build-up can cause temporary hearing loss, and in rare cases, it may cause permanent damage to the ear, leading to long-term hearing loss, speech and language delays hearing loss in young children can delay their speech and language development, balance problems fluid build-up can affect the ear’s balance system, leading to coordination issues or dizziness, frequent ear infections glue ear can increase your risk of frequent ear infections (otitis media).

• #24 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Untreated glue ear can cause complications that may affect your or your child’s hearing and development, including: hearing loss fluid build-up can cause temporary hearing loss, and in rare cases, it may cause permanent damage to the ear, leading to long-term hearing loss, speech and language delays hearing loss in young children can delay their speech and language development, balance problems fluid build-up can affect the ear’s balance system, leading to coordination issues or dizziness, frequent ear infections glue ear can increase your risk of frequent ear infections (otitis media).

• #25 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Untreated glue ear can cause complications that may affect your or your child’s hearing and development, including: hearing loss fluid build-up can cause temporary hearing loss, and in rare cases, it may cause permanent damage to the ear, leading to long-term hearing loss, speech and language delays hearing loss in young children can delay their speech and language development, balance problems fluid build-up can affect the ear’s balance system, leading to coordination issues or dizziness, frequent ear infections glue ear can increase your risk of frequent ear infections (otitis media).

• #26 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Untreated glue ear can cause complications that may affect your or your child’s hearing and development, including: hearing loss fluid build-up can cause temporary hearing loss, and in rare cases, it may cause permanent damage to the ear, leading to long-term hearing loss, speech and language delays hearing loss in young children can delay their speech and language development, balance problems fluid build-up can affect the ear’s balance system, leading to coordination issues or dizziness, frequent ear infections glue ear can increase your risk of frequent ear infections (otitis media).

• #27 Vincent Cumberworth – Glue Ear Information

  https://www.ops4ent.com/information/glue-ear/

  Long term Eustachian tube problems can be associated with thinning and atrophy of the drum head, even adhesive otitis media, where the drum remnant is adherent to the medial wall of the middle ear and can partially or completely obliterate the middle ear space. This occurs due to a loss of tensile strength of the middle (fibrous) layer of the eardrum. […] The presence of Downs Syndrome, Cleft Palate, immune deficiency syndromes, sinusitis, adenoiditis or passive smoke inhalation increases the risk of recurrence of glue ear and the possible need to reinsert grommets.

• #28 Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/glue-ear/

  Glue ear happens when the middle ear (behind the eardrum) becomes filled with sticky fluid. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the medical name for glue ear. […] If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, air cannot enter the middle ear. When this happens, the cells lining the middle ear begin to produce fluid. This is a runny liquid which can get thicker as it fills the middle ear. […] Many things can contribute to glue ear, such as colds and flu, allergies and passive smoking. Its often but not always linked with ear infections. […] Research suggests that allergy may be related to persistent glue ear in some children. […] Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) can cause temporary deafness and a prolonged period of time with reduced hearing can affect children’s speech and language development, for example, parts of words may not be pronounced clearly.

• #29 What is glue ear? | Hearing Aid UK

  https://www.hearingaid.org.uk/hearing-loss-awareness/what-is-glue-ear

  Glue ear can be a result of allergies, infections, or even just the way our ears are shaped. However, dysfunction of the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat, is one of the main causes of glue ear in adults. […] Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis are other causes that can lead to inflammation and swelling of the eustachian tube, impairing fluid drainage from the middle ear and contributing to glue ear. […] Similarly, structural abnormalities of the eustachian tube or middle ear, such as a deviated septum or enlarged adenoids, can also cause eustachian tube dysfunction and glue ear in adults.

• #30 Glue ear | Healthylife

  https://www.healthylife.com.au/learn/glue-ear?srsltid=AfmBOoquFlZA-6m-b91AcnVqojZ65Ulsl4O-b5hwkPO3ZlhiPh4LyC48

  Gastric reflux disease. There may be a link to chronic OME and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease thought due to inflammation, oedema and ulceration resulting in dysfunction of the Eustachian tube from exposure to gastric juices. […] Allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with otitis media effusion occurring in children over the ages of 6 years. Allergy may not only be responsible for inflammation of the middle ear, it can also increase susceptibility to infection of the respiratory tract and middle ear. […] Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM), is a stubborn form of otitis media with the presents of highly viscous (glue-like) yellow effusion in which eosinophils are present. EOM is a condition found to affect asthmatics but easily resolved when asthma is well managed with the right treatment.

• #31 Glue ear | Healthylife

  https://www.healthylife.com.au/learn/glue-ear?srsltid=AfmBOoquFlZA-6m-b91AcnVqojZ65Ulsl4O-b5hwkPO3ZlhiPh4LyC48

  Gastric reflux disease. There may be a link to chronic OME and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease thought due to inflammation, oedema and ulceration resulting in dysfunction of the Eustachian tube from exposure to gastric juices. […] Allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with otitis media effusion occurring in children over the ages of 6 years. Allergy may not only be responsible for inflammation of the middle ear, it can also increase susceptibility to infection of the respiratory tract and middle ear. […] Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM), is a stubborn form of otitis media with the presents of highly viscous (glue-like) yellow effusion in which eosinophils are present. EOM is a condition found to affect asthmatics but easily resolved when asthma is well managed with the right treatment.

• #32 Glue ear | Healthylife

  https://www.healthylife.com.au/learn/glue-ear?srsltid=AfmBOoquFlZA-6m-b91AcnVqojZ65Ulsl4O-b5hwkPO3ZlhiPh4LyC48

  Gastric reflux disease. There may be a link to chronic OME and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease thought due to inflammation, oedema and ulceration resulting in dysfunction of the Eustachian tube from exposure to gastric juices. […] Allergic rhinitis was found to be associated with otitis media effusion occurring in children over the ages of 6 years. Allergy may not only be responsible for inflammation of the middle ear, it can also increase susceptibility to infection of the respiratory tract and middle ear. […] Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM), is a stubborn form of otitis media with the presents of highly viscous (glue-like) yellow effusion in which eosinophils are present. EOM is a condition found to affect asthmatics but easily resolved when asthma is well managed with the right treatment.

• #33 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, happens when fluid collects in your childs middle ear. […] Glue ear can affect one or both of your childs ears. […] When your childs Eustachian tubes have a blockage, air cant enter their middle ears. When this occurs, the cells lining their middle ears start to make a thick, sticky fluid. This is where the name glue ear came from. […] Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesnt always occur due to ear infections. A blockage in your childs Eustachian tubes can cause the condition for many reasons. […] If enlarged adenoids are the cause of your childs glue ear, their specialist may perform an adenoidectomy. […] Glue ear often goes away naturally without treatment. […] Most cases of glue ear go away on their own within two to three weeks. Sometimes, the condition persists for several months. If it hasnt resolved on its own within three months, speak with your childs healthcare provider about appropriate treatment.

• #34 Glue Ear – Zero To Finals

  https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/ent/glueear/

  Glue ear is also known as otitis media with effusion. The middle ear becomes full of fluid, causing a loss of hearing in that ear. […] The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. It helps drain secretions from the middle ear. When it becomes blocked, this causes middle ear secretions (fluid) to build up in the middle ear space. […] The main symptom of glue ear is a reduction in hearing in that ear. The main complication of glue ear is infection (otitis media). […] Otoscopy can show a dull tympanic membrane with air bubbles or a visible fluid level, although it can look normal.

• #35 Glue Ear in Adults

  https://www.gluear.co.uk/glue-ear-in-adults/

  When the Eustachian tube becomes blocked – often due to a common cold – the middle ear fills with fluid rather than air. The condition derives its name from the fluid becoming sticky or ‘glue’ like over time. […] Grommet surgery is difficult to obtain via the NHS, it is carried out under general anaesthetic and takes about fifteen minutes. A small plastic tube is inserted into the ear drum maintaining the correct pressure and allowing the fluid associated with glue ear to drain. Grommets typically stay in place for 6 – 12 months but in approximately ⅓ of cases can fall out prior to the glue ear being resolved. Repeat surgery can result in ear drum scarring.

• #36 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion, happens when fluid collects in your childs middle ear. […] Glue ear can affect one or both of your childs ears. […] When your childs Eustachian tubes have a blockage, air cant enter their middle ears. When this occurs, the cells lining their middle ears start to make a thick, sticky fluid. This is where the name glue ear came from. […] Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesnt always occur due to ear infections. A blockage in your childs Eustachian tubes can cause the condition for many reasons. […] If enlarged adenoids are the cause of your childs glue ear, their specialist may perform an adenoidectomy. […] Glue ear often goes away naturally without treatment. […] Most cases of glue ear go away on their own within two to three weeks. Sometimes, the condition persists for several months. If it hasnt resolved on its own within three months, speak with your childs healthcare provider about appropriate treatment.

• #37 Otitis Media in Adults | Balloon Treatment for Glue Ear in Adults

  https://www.otovent.co.uk/what-is-otovent-for/glue-ear-in-adults/

  Glue Ear (otherwise known as Otitis Media with Effusion or Serous Otitis Media) is a common medical condition which affects hearing. This can result in communication challenges at work and social difficulties. […] The condition occurs when the Eustachian tube fills with fluid rather than air, usually due to a common cold. After a while the fluid can become thick and glue like affecting your hearing. […] The sticky glue-like fluid associated with the condition dampens the vibrations made by soundwaves causing a reduction in hearing volume. […] The dulled hearing caused by glue ear can result in communication challenges at work and social difficulties. […] The wait for a diagnosis can be very frustrating. The desire for treatment is of course made especially urgent if your work and social life are suffering. […] Otovent is the only clinically effective drug-free treatment for Glue Ear. […] Grommet surgery is a fifteen-minute operation carried out under general anaesthetic. A small plastic tube is inserted into the ear drum to drain fluid and maintain the correct pressure.

• #38 Glue Ear – ENT Consultant – ENT Surgery – London – Essex

  https://www.bajaj.org.uk/glue-ear

  Glue ear is common. The medical name for glue ear is otitis media with effusion. Doctors are not sure about all the causes of glue ear. Sometimes it follows after an ear infection, but many children with glue ear have never had an ear infection. The adenoid in the back of the nose may become infected with coughs and colds and the bacteria spread into the ear causing inflammation. The fluid (or glue) probably forms in the ear as a result of this inflammation. […] The evidence is that neither medical treatments such as antibiotics or antihistamines nor alternative treatments such as cranial osteopathy are any better than waiting for a period of three months to see if the glue ear clears on its own. […] Doctors do not really know if any damage occurs to the ear or hearing if the glue ear is not treated. We usually advise treating the problem if it does not clear up on its own to avoid the risk of long-term damage to the ear and hearing or problems in later life with language skills.

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