Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesn’t always occur due to ear infections. A blockage in your child’s Eustachian tubes can cause the condition for many reasons. Blockages may occur due to: […] Glue ear is a common condition that occurs when fluid builds up in your child’s middle ear, which is the space behind their eardrum. The medical terms for glue ear are otitis media with effusion (OME) or secretory otitis media. Glue ear can affect one or both of your child’s ears. It often follows an ear infection, but it can happen for other reasons. […] Ear wax buildup doesn’t cause glue ear. Getting water in your ear while showering or swimming doesn’t cause the condition either.

• #1 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Glue ear is caused when fluid builds up in the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum. This happens when the Eustachian tube, a small tube that connects your middle ear to the back of your nose and throat, gets blocked. […] Factors that increase your risk of glue ear include: ear infections or respiratory infections, colds, allergies, such as hay fever, exposure to cigarette smoke. […] Glue ear can happen at any age but is most common in children between 1 and 6 years old. This is because their Eustachian tube is smaller and more likely to get blocked. […] Children are more likely to develop glue ear if they have a cleft palate, have Down syndrome, go to childcare or are exposed to many other children. […] Adults can also develop glue ear, especially after respiratory infections or if they have allergies.

• #1 Glue Ear: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

  https://www.healthline.com/health/glue-ear

  Glue ear happens when thick fluid builds up inside your middle ear. […] This is because the eustachian tubes deep inside the ear are narrower than an adults and more prone to becoming clogged. […] Normally, the space behind the middle ear is only filled with air. But sometimes fluid can build up in the space as a result of an illness, such as a cold or virus. […] Severe allergies may also cause such issues inside the middle ear. In such cases, the eustachian tubes can become swollen and constricted, leading to fluid buildup. […] Other risk factors for glue ear include: age, especially under age 2; being bottle-fed; daycare settings, due to a higher risk of germ exposure; seasonal allergies; poor air quality; tobacco smoke exposure.

• #1 Glue ear | nidirect

  https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/conditions/glue-ear

  The exact cause of glue ear is unknown, but over half of all cases are thought to follow an acute ear infection (otitis media). […] It’s thought that problems with the Eustachian tube may be caused by things like a previous ear infection, smoke irritation or allergies. […] Other factors that are also thought to increase the risk of getting glue ear include: growing up in a household where adults smoke, being bottle-fed rather than breastfed as a baby, having siblings (brothers and sisters) who’ve had the condition.

• #1 Ear infection (middle ear) – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616

  A bacterium or virus in the middle ear causes an ear infection. This infection often comes from another illness, such as a cold, flu or allergy. These can cause the inside the nose, throat and ears to be swollen and stuffy. […] Swollen eustachian tubes can become blocked, causing fluids to build up in the middle ear. This fluid can become infected and cause the symptoms of an ear infection. […] Adenoids are near the opening of the eustachian tubes. Swelling of the adenoids can block the tubes. This can lead to middle ear infection, especially in children.

• #1 Otitis media – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media

  The common cause of all forms of otitis media is dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. This is usually due to inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nasopharynx, which can be caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), strep throat, or possibly by allergies. […] By reflux or aspiration of unwanted secretions from the nasopharynx into the normally sterile middle-ear space, the fluid may then become infected usually with bacteria. The virus that caused the initial upper respiratory infection can itself be identified as the pathogen causing the infection. […] Early-onset OME is associated with feeding of infants while lying down, early entry into group child care, parental smoking, lack or too short a period of breastfeeding, and greater amounts of time spent in group child care, particularly those with a large number of children. These risk factors increase the incidence and duration of OME during the first two years of life.

• #1 Glue Ear

  https://earsandhearinguk.com/ear/conditions/ear-problems-glue_ear/

  Glue ear is thought to be due to a problem with the Eustachian tube. […] If the Eustachian tube doesn’t work, in other words it doesn’t open as often as it should, then the lining of the middle ear becomes unhealthy and produces more mucus and a negative middle ear pressure develops which draws the mucus into the middle ear space. […] Glue ear can occur at any age but is much more common in children especially around the ages or 2-6 yrs old. […] When you get a cold the virus infects the lining of the nose and sometimes the Eustachian tube lining can also be affected and swell and become blocked. […] As with a cold the thing you are allergic to can irritate the Eustachian tube lining as well as the nose lining and cause it to swell and block. […] If you have sinusitis infected mucus from the sinuses can flow over the openings of the Eustachian tubes irritating the lining and causing it to swell and possibly block the Eustachian tube. […] If your Eustachian tube does not open then the pressure in the middle ear space becomes negative. […] Tumours in the back of the nose are rare. […] If the adenoids are very large they may block the Eustachian tubes and stop them from opening effectively.

• #1 Glue Ear , ENT Consultant London MR Kiran Jumani – Ear nose and throat specialist

  https://www.entconsultantlondon.co.uk/symptoms/ear-problems/glue-ear/

  Glue ear means that the middle ear is filled with fluid that looks like glue. […] The cause is probably due to the Eustachian tube not working properly. The balance of fluid and air in the middle ear may become altered if the Eustachian tube is narrow, blocked, or does not open properly. […] Some children develop glue ear after a cough, cold, or ear infection when extra mucus is made. The mucus may build up in the middle ear and not drain well down the Eustachian tube. However, in many cases glue ear does not begin with an ear infection. […] The cause of glue ear is not fully understood, and there is no way of preventing most cases. However, the risk of developing glue ear is less in children who live in homes free of cigarette smoke, and who are breast fed.

• #1 What Is the Relationship Between Allergies and Glue Ear? | ENT of Georgia North | Blog

  https://www.entofga.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-allergies-and-glue-ear/

  Glue ear, or otitis media with effusion (OME), is a common condition arising when fluid builds up in the space behind the eardrum. […] Allergies (allergic rhinitis) are one of the most common causes of Eustachian tube dysfunction. When you encounter an allergen youre sensitive to, your sinuses and Eustachian tubes inflame, leading to mucus buildup and blockage. When your Eustachian tubes are blocked, they cannot effectively drain fluid from the middle ear, leading to glue ear.

• #1 What is glue ear? | Hearing Aid UK

  https://www.hearingaid.org.uk/hearing-loss-awareness/what-is-glue-ear

  Glue ear can be a result of allergies, infections, or even just the way our ears are shaped. However, dysfunction of the eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat, is one of the main causes of glue ear in adults. […] Allergic rhinitis or sinusitis are other causes that can lead to inflammation and swelling of the eustachian tube, impairing fluid drainage from the middle ear and contributing to glue ear. […] Similarly, structural abnormalities of the eustachian tube or middle ear, such as a deviated septum or enlarged adenoids, can also cause eustachian tube dysfunction and glue ear in adults.

• #1 Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/glue-ear/

  Glue ear is a condition that affects 8 out of 10 children in the UK. […] Glue ear is one of the most common childhood illnesses, and occurs when the middle ear becomes filled with sticky fluid. […] Many things can contribute to glue ear, such as colds and flu, allergies and passive smoking. Its often but not always linked with ear infections. […] Children with cleft palate, or with genetic conditions such as Down’s syndrome, may be more likely to get glue ear as they often have smaller eustachian tubes that dont function well. […] Research suggests that allergy may be related to persistent glue ear in some children.

• #1 Otitis Media – Glue Ear – Advanced Functional Medicine

  https://advancedfunctionalmedicine.com.au/otitis-media-glue-ear-symptoms-causes-natural-treatment/

  Chronic otitis media also known as glue ear occurs when fluid accumulates in the middle ear as a result of poor drainage of the Eustachian tubes. […] Glue ear affects 20-40% of children under 6 and is often associated with food or environmental allergies (85-93% of these children have allergies). […] Glue ear is more common in children due to anatomy of Eustachian tubes, which is narrower and more horizontal than in adults. […] Causes / Risk factors of Glue ear: Recurrent episodes acute otitis media, Food or environmental allergies, Gut dysbiosis / bacterial overgrowth, Poor weaning early introduction of wheat and dairy, Recurrent antibiotic use, Early entry into child care, Eustachian tube dysfunction: may be caused by recurrent sinus infections. […] Most children and adults with chronic ear infections and sinus problems have underlying issues with their gut and digestive system. Nearly all have food sensitivities and issues with intestinal permeability. […] Investigating and treating these underlying causes while being mindful of diet and lifestyle is required to heal and prevent future recurrent episodes.

• #1 The aetiology of glue ear–a case-control study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4040897/

  A case-control study was carried out to investigate many of the proposed causes of glue ear in childhood. […] Of the 5 factors which were found to increase the risk of a child undergoing surgery for glue ear, only one of these is thought to be related to the development of the condition, rather than to the chances of its detection. This factor was parental smoking (RR 1.64). […] The 4 other risk factors appear to influence the chance of glue ear being detected, diagnosed and referred for surgical treatment – the child’s mother being employed outside the home, but only if the father is employed in non-manual work (RR 3.0); attending pre-school day-care (RR 2.00); having an older sibling who had been diagnosed as suffering from glue ear (RR 1.84); and having been born locally (in Oxfordshire) (RR 1.89). Possible explanations for these social and behavioural factors are discussed.

• #1 Glue ear — julianhamann.com

  https://www.julianhamann.com/ear-balance-dizziness/glue-ear

  The most common symptom of glue ear is poor hearing. It sometimes follows a middle ear infection (acute otitis media), although it may occur spontaneously. […] What causes glue ear? […] If the Eustachian tube isnt working properly, then as the air in the middle ear is absorbed by the lining (which happens continuously), a vacuum forms in the middle ear. Cells in the lining of the middle ear then proceed to produce mucus. […] Adenoidectomy: the adenoids are sometimes involved in the development of glue ear. […] avoid exposure to tobacco smoke. It is thought that the smoke from tobacco may cause irritation and inflammation of the Eustachian tube, increasing the risk of glue ear. […] children in daycare settings are more at risk of glue ear. This may be because they are more exposed to upper respiratory tract infections, which in turn increase the likelihood of glue ear. […] Children with other congenital problems such as cleft palate and Downs syndrome are also at greater risk of developing glue ear.

• #1 Glue ear: A guide for parents | Aussie Deaf Kids

  https://www.aussiedeafkids.org.au/about-hearing-loss/causes-of-hearing-loss/glue-ear-a-guide-for-parents/

  Glue ear is often, but not always, linked with ear infections. […] There are many different things that can contribute to glue ear. These include colds and flu, allergies and passive smoking. Children with cleft lip and palate, or with genetic conditions, such as Downs syndrome, may be more likely to get glue ear as they may have smaller Eustachian tubes. […] Research suggests that breast-feeding may reduce the risks of babies and young children developing glue ear. […] Research carried out by the Department of Health has shown that all children are more likely to get ear infections and glue ear if they are often in a smoky environment.

• #1 Glue ear — Mr Daniel Tweedie – Consultant Paediatric ENT Surgeon, London

  https://www.danieltweedie.com/glue-ear

  Glue ear (also known as otitis media with effusion, or OME) is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the middle ear: the area behind the ear drum. […] Risk factors for glue ear are: young age (especially under six), winter months, regular day care with many other children (at nursery or school), a family history of glue ear (in siblings and parents) and passive smoking. Nasal allergies and acid reflux may also be involved in some cases. […] Children with certain conditions such as Downs syndrome or cleft palate are also commonly affected, and their glue ear tends to be more persistent. […] The Eustachian tube (which connects the back of the nose to the middle ear) normally plays an important role in maintaining equal air pressure between the outside and inside of the middle ear. […] In children the Eustachian tube is more horizontal and smaller than in adults, which is one of the reasons why glue ear is relatively common in children.

• #1 Cause of Glue Ear | MESHGuides

  https://www.meshguides.org/guides/node/1110

  Breastfeeding reduces the risk of Glue Ear. The reasons are unclear, but it is possible that proteins contained in breast milk reduce Eustachian tube inflammation. […] Many children with Downs syndrome have smaller Eustachian tubes and are more likely to get Glue Ear and an associated hearing loss. […] Children with a cleft palate are more likely to have Glue Ear. For children under the age of one with cleft palate, 92-97% will have Glue Ear (Kubba et al. 2000). The high incidence of Glue Ear in cleft palate is thought to be due to Eustachian tube dysfunction.

• #1 Glue ear — Mr Daniel Tweedie – Consultant Paediatric ENT Surgeon, London

  https://www.danieltweedie.com/glue-ear

  The chance of having glue ear reduces as children get older. […] Grommets, also known as ventilation tubes (VTs) have been used as a treatment for glue ear for many years. […] Very large adenoids may physically block the tubes, making glue ear more likely, but even small adenoids may reduce the effectiveness of the Eustachian tubes. […] The NICE Guidelines also look at children with Down Syndrome or cleft palate who are at particular risk of glue ear- most likely as a result of reduced effectiveness of the Eustachian tubes.

• #1 Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/otitis-media-with-effusion

  Anatomical blockage: Severe nasal septal deviation with an obstructed airway. […] The presence of tonsils and adenoids with obstruction to Eustachian tubes. […] A nasopharyngeal tumour near Eustachian tube openings. […] Radiation to the head and neck following cancer treatments. […] Radical head and neck surgery, on maxillary sinuses and/or palate, that transects the Eustachian tube. […] Secondary inflammation from allergic rhinitis. […] Frequent upper respiratory infection. Some viruses may directly damage the Eustachian tube lining, decreasing ciliary clearance. […] Adults with otitis media with effusion should therefore be fully evaluated, including use of flexible nasal endoscopy, for underlying conditions. […] Paranasal sinus disease is the main underlying cause of OME in adults, accounting for two thirds of cases in one series. However, other causes include head and neck tumours.

• #1 Glue ear in adults: symptoms and cures of effusive otitis media

  https://www.earpros.com/uk/blog/glue-ear-in-adults-symptoms-causes-remedies

  Glue ear in adults, or otitis media with effusion (OME), occurs when thick, sticky fluid accumulates behind the eardrum in the middle ear, impeding normal hearing. While this condition is more common in children, it can also affect adults for various reasons. Understanding the glue ear causes can help in identifying risk factors and seeking appropriate treatment. One primary cause of ear glue in adults is a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat and helps to equalize pressure in the ear. When the Eustachian tube does not open or close properly, it can create a vacuum in the middle ear, leading to fluid buildup. This dysfunction can occur due to chronic sinusitis, allergies, or upper respiratory infections that cause swelling and block the tube. Allergies are another significant factor in glue ear causes for adults. Allergic reactions can lead to inflammation in the nasal passages and throat, affecting the Eustachian tube’s function and contributing to fluid retention in the middle ear. Adults with seasonal allergies, like hayfever, or asthma may be at higher risk. Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is also associated with ear glue in adults. The irritants in smoke can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes, leading to Eustachian tube dysfunction and increased fluid in the middle ear. Studies have shown that those who smoke are more likely to develop conditions like glue ear compared to non-smokers. Other potential glue ear causes include changes in air pressure, such as those experienced during air travel or diving. These changes can lead to pressure imbalances that trap fluid in the middle ear. Additionally, adults with a history of frequent ear infections or those who had glue ear as children may be more prone to developing the condition later in life. Addressing these underlying causes is essential for effective management, and seeking medical advice can help adults understand their risk factors and explore treatment options.

• #1

  https://verifiedhearing.com/glue-ear/

  Glue ear, also known as otitis media with effusion (OME), is a condition where thick, sticky fluid accumulates in the middle ear behind the eardrum. This fluid buildup can affect the normal functioning of the middle ear, including the vibration of the eardrum and the transmission of sound to the inner ear, which can result in hearing loss or other symptoms. […] Glue ear often occurs after an upper respiratory tract infection, such as a cold, and can be more common in children. […] The exact cause of glue ear is not fully understood. However, several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These can include: […] Dysfunction of the Eustachian tube: The Eustachian tube is responsible for equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the back of the throat. When the Eustachian tube doesn’t work properly, such as being blocked or not opening and closing properly, it can disrupt the normal drainage of fluid from the middle ear, leading to the accumulation of fluid and the development of glue ear.

• #1

  https://healthhub.hif.com.au/general-medical/glue-ear-in-adults-and-kids-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Glue ear occurs when the middle ear fills with thick and sticky fluid, like glue. […] Excess fluid and glue ear can occur after a cold or the flu virus irritates the ear. Seasonal and year-round allergies can cause excess fluid. Ear infections can occur due to smoking or being around second hand smoke. […] The back of the nose and middle ear is connected by the Eustachian tube which opens only when we swallow or yawn. While the tube is open, air enters the middle ear and excess liquid empties. When a person is suffering from a common cold or allergic rhinitis (nasal allergy), the Eustachian tube may become swollen and blocked. When the fluid doesn’t empty, it accumulates and thickens until it is the consistency of glue, making it susceptible to infections. […] While glue ear isn’t an infection, it often follows an ear infection or a cold. If there is no treatment for an ear infection and the fluid builds in the middle ear, glue ear can result.

• #1 Glue ear in adults: symptoms and cures of effusive otitis media

  https://www.earpros.com/uk/blog/glue-ear-in-adults-symptoms-causes-remedies

  Glue ear in adults can cause dizziness. Glue ear, also known as otitis media with effusion, involves fluid buildup in the middle ear, which can interfere with normal hearing and balance functions. The inner ear plays a crucial role in balance; when fluid accumulates in the middle ear due to Eustachian tube dysfunction, it can disrupt the transmission of sound and pressure, potentially leading to balance issues and a sensation of dizziness or vertigo. […] If glue ear in adults is left untreated, several complications can arise, impacting hearing and overall ear health. Here are some potential consequences of untreated glue ear: Persistent fluid in the middle ear can reduce hearing clarity. Over time, untreated hearing loss may affect communication, social interactions, and quality of life. The trapped fluid creates a favorable environment for bacteria, which can lead to recurrent or chronic middle ear infections, causing pain and additional hearing issues. Since the middle ear also affects balance, ongoing fluid buildup can lead to dizziness or unsteady sensations, particularly during movement. Long-term fluid retention can place pressure on the eardrum and other structures in the middle ear. In severe cases, this may lead to structural damage, such as a retracted eardrum or cholesteatoma (abnormal skin growth in the middle ear). For adults, untreated hearing issues can interfere with daily communication, potentially leading to cognitive strain and mental fatigue from trying to compensate.

• #1 Glue ear in children: risk factors, symptoms and treatment | Spire Healthcare

  https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/ear-nose-and-throat/glue-ear-in-children-risk-factors-symptoms-and-treatment/

  If your child is diagnosed with persistent glue ear, they will be referred to an ENT surgeon to discuss their treatment options. […] Grommet surgery involves placing a tiny, hollow, plastic tube inside the ear drum. This allows air to circulate into the middle part of the ear. […] Around 70% of children who have grommet surgery are cured of glue ear by the time the grommet falls out. […] Even in the minority of glue ear cases that persist for three months or more, it will eventually get better on its own. However, this can take years, during which time your child’s learning and development will be negatively affected. […] It is, therefore, important to see your GP if you suspect your child has persistent glue ear.

• #2 Otitis media – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media

  The common cause of all forms of otitis media is dysfunction of the Eustachian tube. This is usually due to inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nasopharynx, which can be caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), strep throat, or possibly by allergies. […] By reflux or aspiration of unwanted secretions from the nasopharynx into the normally sterile middle-ear space, the fluid may then become infected usually with bacteria. The virus that caused the initial upper respiratory infection can itself be identified as the pathogen causing the infection. […] Early-onset OME is associated with feeding of infants while lying down, early entry into group child care, parental smoking, lack or too short a period of breastfeeding, and greater amounts of time spent in group child care, particularly those with a large number of children. These risk factors increase the incidence and duration of OME during the first two years of life.

• #2 Glue Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/hearing-problems/glue-ear

  Glue ear is a condition where the middle ear fills with glue-like fluid instead of air. This causes dulled hearing. […] The cause is probably due to the eustachian tube not working properly. […] The balance of fluid and air in the middle ear may become altered if the eustachian tube is narrow, blocked, or does not open properly. […] Some children develop glue ear after a cough, cold, or ear infection when extra mucus is made. […] Children are particularly prone to glue ear due to the shape and position of their eustachian tubes. […] The cause of glue ear is not fully understood and there is no way of preventing most cases.

• #2 Middle ear effusion or glue ear in adults: an overview — Hearing Institute | Tinnitus specialists

  https://hearinginstitute.co.nz/learn/middle-ear-effusion-in-adults

  Middle ear effusion, also known as „glue ear,” is a condition that affects the middle ear and can lead to hearing difficulties. […] Middle ear effusion can occur due to several different factors. Some of the most common causes include: […] Eustachian tube dysfunction: The eustachian tubes are small tubes that run from the middle ear to the back of the throat and sinus. They help to regulate the pressure in the middle ear and allow for the drainage of any fluid that may accumulate. When these tubes become blocked or are not functioning properly, fluid can build up in the middle ear, causing effusion. […] Allergies can cause inflammation in the eustachian tubes, leading to blockage and fluid buildup in the middle ear. […] Infections, such as colds, sinusitis, or ear infections, can cause fluid to build up in the middle ear. […] Certain structural issues, such as a deviated septum or enlarged adenoids, can cause blockages in the eustachian tubes and result in fluid buildup in the middle ear.

• #2 Ear infections and glue ear

  https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/ear_infections_and_otitis_media/

  Glue ear is not an infection, but usually follows one or more middle ear infections. […] Glue ear is caused by fluid that collects behind the eardrum, in the middle ear. It usually clears on its own with no treatment, but sometimes requires surgery to insert grommets for drainage. […] Hearing and speech development can be affected if glue ear is persistent.

• #2 Glue Ear | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment | THCP

  https://www.thcp.co.uk/articles/glue-ear

  Glue ear occurs when the middle ear, behind the eardrum, becomes filled with fluid. […] Explain that many factors can lead to glue ear, including colds and flu, allergies, and passive smoking. It is commonly, but not always, associated with ear infections. […] The causes of glue ear are wide and varied. It is commonly associated with ear infections but that’s not the only cause. […] The common causes of glue ear include: Eustachian tube dysfunction, infections, allergies, anatomical factors, environmental factors, cleft palate, family history, and health conditions.

• #2 Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/otitis-media-with-effusion

  Otitis media with effusion (OME), also called glue ear, is characterised by a collection of fluid in the middle-ear cleft. There is chronic inflammation without signs of acute inflammation. […] OME is the most common cause of hearing impairment (and the most common reason for elective surgery) in childhood, where it usually follows an episode of acute otitis media (AOM). It is uncommon in adults, in whom Eustachian tube dysfunction is the predominant cause and suspicious aetiologies should be considered. […] Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is the main aetiological factor in adults. Causes of ETD include: […] Infection/inflammation: Severe nasopharyngeal infection (eg, sinusitis) inflames the Eustachian tube openings, resulting in ETD. […] Severe or chronic allergy may produce the same effect.

• #2 Glue Ear – Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

  https://www.entuk.org/patients/conditions/4/glue_ear_otitis_media_with_effusion_ome/

  Glue ear can develop for a number of reasons. […] Glue ear can come after an ear infection. Not every child with glue ear has had an ear infection. […] Sometimes bacteria can travel up the tubes that connect the back of the nose to the ears, which are known as the Eustachian tubes. When bacteria travel up through these tubes from the nose to the ear, they can cause painful swelling behind the eardrum. This swelling can also cause fluid to form. […] Glue ear can develop when there is not enough air getting to the middle ear. Sometimes, the Eustachian tubes do not work well in children. This tube brings air into the middle ear. […] Glue ear is uncommon in adults. You might get glue ear after a bad cold or another infection of the ear, nose, or sinuses. […] Rarely, extra tissue in the back of the nose can block the tube connecting the nose to the ear. […] Your doctor will usually advise treating your child’s glue ear if it does not clear up on its own. This reduces the chance of long-term damage to the ear. Treatment also reduces the chance of your child having problems with hearing and language later in life.

• #2 Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/glue-ear/

  Glue ear is a condition that affects 8 out of 10 children in the UK. […] Glue ear is one of the most common childhood illnesses, and occurs when the middle ear becomes filled with sticky fluid. […] Many things can contribute to glue ear, such as colds and flu, allergies and passive smoking. Its often but not always linked with ear infections. […] Children with cleft palate, or with genetic conditions such as Down’s syndrome, may be more likely to get glue ear as they often have smaller eustachian tubes that dont function well. […] Research suggests that allergy may be related to persistent glue ear in some children.

• #2 Ear infections, earache and glue ear – HE1414

  https://healthed.govt.nz/products/ear-infections-earache-and-glue-ear

  Glue ear is a condition where the middle ear, which normally contains air, is filled with a glue-like fluid. The small tubes (Eustachian tubes) that connect the ear to the back of the nose and throat get blocked, and fluid builds up. A blocked nose, a cold, swollen adenoids, allergies or tobacco smoke that irritates the nasal cavity may cause the tubes to get blocked and so cause glue ear. Glue ear usually gets better without treatment but sometimes can cause mild to moderate hearing loss. […] There are no medicines which effectively treat or prevent glue ear, but vaccination with the pneumococcal vaccine can help prevent ear infections and glue ear.

• #2 Glue Ear | OneWelbeck

  https://onewelbeck.com/conditions/glue-ear/

  Glue ear, medically known as otitis media with effusion, is a condition where fluid builds up behind the eardrum in the middle ear. This fluid can cause muffled hearing and a feeling of fullness in the ear. Glue ear is most commonly found in children between ages 2-7 but can also effect adults. […] The exact cause of glue ear is often unknown. However, it is often associated with: Upper respiratory infections: Colds, flu, and other infections can lead to inflammation and blockage of the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. This can prevent fluid from draining properly. […] Allergies can contribute to inflammation and congestion in the Eustachian tubes. […] Enlarged adenoids, located at the back of the throat, can block the Eustachian tubes. […] Exposure to second-hand smoke can irritate the Eustachian tubes.

• #2 Glue Ear: Causes, symptoms and treatments – angli-EAR Hearing

  https://angliearhearing.co.uk/advice/glue-ear/

  Glue Ear can be caused by conditions such as colds, allergies, ear infections and passive smoking. […] It is also very common in children with genetic conditions such as Downs Syndrome due to a smaller Eustachian Tube size, or in children with a cleft palate. It can also run in families.

• #2 Glue Ear (otitis media with effusion) – Ear, Balance and Eustachian Tube

  https://earandbalance.co.uk/glue-ear-otitis-media-with-effusion/

  Glue ear may cause no noticeable symptoms. […] The middle ear often becomes infected in young children. This usually resolves completely but occasionally after the infection has gone some fluid remains in the middle ear (glue ear). Enlarged adenoids can also cause glue ear. Other factors which make glue ear more likely are: exposure to tobacco smoke (passive smoking), family history of glue ear, attendance at a nursery and repeated colds and flu. Glue ear is also more common in conditions such as Downs syndrome and cleft palate. In adults can develop glue ear after a cold or flu. Other causes include nasal allergy, nasal polyps and occasionally serious problems such as vasculitis or nasopharyngeal cancer. It is important therefore that the back of the nose is examined in adults developing glue ear.

• #2 Glue Ear

  https://earsandhearinguk.com/ear/conditions/ear-problems-glue_ear/

  Glue ear is thought to be due to a problem with the Eustachian tube. […] If the Eustachian tube doesn’t work, in other words it doesn’t open as often as it should, then the lining of the middle ear becomes unhealthy and produces more mucus and a negative middle ear pressure develops which draws the mucus into the middle ear space. […] Glue ear can occur at any age but is much more common in children especially around the ages or 2-6 yrs old. […] When you get a cold the virus infects the lining of the nose and sometimes the Eustachian tube lining can also be affected and swell and become blocked. […] As with a cold the thing you are allergic to can irritate the Eustachian tube lining as well as the nose lining and cause it to swell and block. […] If you have sinusitis infected mucus from the sinuses can flow over the openings of the Eustachian tubes irritating the lining and causing it to swell and possibly block the Eustachian tube. […] If your Eustachian tube does not open then the pressure in the middle ear space becomes negative. […] Tumours in the back of the nose are rare. […] If the adenoids are very large they may block the Eustachian tubes and stop them from opening effectively.

• #2 Glue Ear – Dr Dharambir S Sethi

  https://drsethi.com.sg/glue-ear/

  Glue ear is a condition in which the middle ear becomes filled with fluid. […] Exactly what causes this build-up of fluid is unclear, although it seems to be related to a problem with the tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat (Eustachian tube). […] Its thought that problems with the Eustachian tube may be caused by things like a previous ear infection, smoke irritation or allergies. […] In adults, a glue ear particularly if it unilateral (only affects one ear), may be due to a growth in the nasopharynx obstructing or effacing the Eustachian tube. […] A unilateral glue ear, particularly among the Chinese may be due nose cancer (Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma). […] Other causes of middle ear include a dysfunctional Eustachian tube or barotrauma.

• #2

  https://contenidos.bupasalud.com/en/health-and-wellness/bupa-life/glue-ear

  Glue ear is very common in children approximately four out of five children will have had the condition at least once by the time they are four years old. The medical name for glue ear is otitis media with effusion. […] Glue ear occurs when fluid and mucus collect in the middle ear behind the ear drum. This often happens after a middle ear infection or other condition that causes inflammation there. […] Over half of all children with glue ear get it as a result of a bout of inflammation of the middle ear (acute otitis media). If your child has nasal allergies to pets or dust, or has hay fever, he or she may be more likely to develop glue ear. Inflammation caused by the allergic reaction may cause their eustachian tube to swell and become blocked more easily. This may be the cause of glue ear if your child keeps getting it, even after he or she has had treatment. Glue ear may also be caused by enlarged adenoids these are two lumps of tissue at the back of the nose where it meets the throat.

• #2 Glue ear in adults: symptoms and cures of effusive otitis media

  https://www.earpros.com/uk/blog/glue-ear-in-adults-symptoms-causes-remedies

  Glue ear in adults, or otitis media with effusion (OME), occurs when thick, sticky fluid accumulates behind the eardrum in the middle ear, impeding normal hearing. While this condition is more common in children, it can also affect adults for various reasons. Understanding the glue ear causes can help in identifying risk factors and seeking appropriate treatment. One primary cause of ear glue in adults is a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat and helps to equalize pressure in the ear. When the Eustachian tube does not open or close properly, it can create a vacuum in the middle ear, leading to fluid buildup. This dysfunction can occur due to chronic sinusitis, allergies, or upper respiratory infections that cause swelling and block the tube. Allergies are another significant factor in glue ear causes for adults. Allergic reactions can lead to inflammation in the nasal passages and throat, affecting the Eustachian tube’s function and contributing to fluid retention in the middle ear. Adults with seasonal allergies, like hayfever, or asthma may be at higher risk. Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke is also associated with ear glue in adults. The irritants in smoke can cause inflammation of the mucous membranes, leading to Eustachian tube dysfunction and increased fluid in the middle ear. Studies have shown that those who smoke are more likely to develop conditions like glue ear compared to non-smokers. Other potential glue ear causes include changes in air pressure, such as those experienced during air travel or diving. These changes can lead to pressure imbalances that trap fluid in the middle ear. Additionally, adults with a history of frequent ear infections or those who had glue ear as children may be more prone to developing the condition later in life. Addressing these underlying causes is essential for effective management, and seeking medical advice can help adults understand their risk factors and explore treatment options.

• #2

  https://verifiedhearing.com/glue-ear/

  Adenoid enlargement: The adenoids are lymphoid tissue located near the opening of the Eustachian tube in the back of the nasal cavity. When the adenoids become enlarged, they can block or partially obstruct the Eustachian tube, leading to fluid buildup in the middle ear and the development of glue ear. […] Upper respiratory tract infections: Frequent colds or other respiratory infections can cause inflammation and swelling in the Eustachian tube, impairing its normal function and leading to glue ear. […] Allergies: Allergic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, can cause inflammation in the nasal passages and Eustachian tube, which can contribute to the development of glue ear. […] Secondhand smoke exposure: Exposure to secondhand smoke, especially in children, has been shown to increase the risk of developing glue ear. […] Genetic predisposition: There may be a genetic component to glue ear, as it tends to run in families, suggesting a possible genetic predisposition.

• #2 Cause of Glue Ear | MESHGuides

  https://www.meshguides.org/guides/node/1110

  Pressure in the middle ear is regulated by the Eustachian tube, a narrow tube which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and throat. […] Fluid in the middle ear can occur with Eustachian tube dysfunction. The fluid build up is called an effusion and it is much more likely to occur in children due to the anatomy of their Eustachian tube. […] If the Eustachian tube closes, fresh air can no longer reach the middle ear and the pressure falls. The lining of the middle ear secretes a fluid, which can be thin and watery or a thicker glue-like substance. […] Ear infections can cause middle ear fluid/Glue Ear but most cases aren’t due to infection. […] Studies have shown that Glue Ear is less likely to clear when a child is exposed to smoke from one or both parents (Maw et al.1992). There is an increased risk of middle ear infections with both prenatal and postnatal smoking (Royal College of Physicians 2010).

• #2 Glue Ear In Children | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/glue-ear

  tamariki (children) with glue ear have sticky fluid in their middle ear (the space behind the ear drum) […] glue ear can affect one or both ears […] Glue ear happens when your child’s middle ear is filled with fluid. The fluid is thick and sticky, like glue. Glue ear can affect one or both ears. It often follows an ear infection or can happen on its own. The risk factors for glue ear are the same as for ear infections. […] The medical name for glue ear is OME (otitis media with effusion) or secretory otitis media. […] For tamariki to hear normally, their middle ear needs to be full of air. When there is fluid instead of air, it is harder for the ear drum to vibrate and carry the noise vibrations to the inner ear. This makes it harder for your child to hear. If both ears contain fluid, your child’s hearing can be significantly reduced.

• #2 Ear infections and glue ear factsheet | The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network

  https://www.schn.health.nsw.gov.au/ear-infections-and-glue-ear-factsheet

  Glue ear is a condition where the liquid made by the middle ear becomes thick and sticky, like glue. […] When the liquid becomes too thick, it cannot drain through the eustachian tube properly and builds up in the middle ear. This can cause infection and hearing loss. […] Glue ear can be caused by: previous and reoccurring ear infections, colds and other upper respiratory infections, exposure to cigarette smoke. […] Glue ear will usually get better on its own. Your child’s doctor may recommend grommet treatment if it lasts over three months. […] Early treatment of glue ear is important, as it can lead to hearing loss and issues with learning, communication, and development.

• #3 Glue Ear (otitis media with effusion) – Ear, Balance and Eustachian Tube

  https://earandbalance.co.uk/glue-ear-otitis-media-with-effusion/

  Glue ear may cause no noticeable symptoms. […] The middle ear often becomes infected in young children. This usually resolves completely but occasionally after the infection has gone some fluid remains in the middle ear (glue ear). Enlarged adenoids can also cause glue ear. Other factors which make glue ear more likely are: exposure to tobacco smoke (passive smoking), family history of glue ear, attendance at a nursery and repeated colds and flu. Glue ear is also more common in conditions such as Downs syndrome and cleft palate. In adults can develop glue ear after a cold or flu. Other causes include nasal allergy, nasal polyps and occasionally serious problems such as vasculitis or nasopharyngeal cancer. It is important therefore that the back of the nose is examined in adults developing glue ear.

• #3

  https://contenidos.bupasalud.com/en/health-and-wellness/bupa-life/glue-ear

  Other reasons why your child may be more likely to develop glue ear include: smoking in the house or in the car that is used to transport him or her, repeated colds and throat infections, having brothers or sisters with glue ear, bottle-feeding. […] Your child is also at an increased risk if he or she has a lot of contact with other children, for example at a nursery or playschool. In addition, children who are born with a cleft lip or palate, or who have Down’s syndrome are more likely to get middle ear infections and so are more susceptible to glue ear.

• #3

  https://healthhub.hif.com.au/general-medical/glue-ear-in-adults-and-kids-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Glue ear occurs when the middle ear fills with thick and sticky fluid, like glue. […] Excess fluid and glue ear can occur after a cold or the flu virus irritates the ear. Seasonal and year-round allergies can cause excess fluid. Ear infections can occur due to smoking or being around second hand smoke. […] The back of the nose and middle ear is connected by the Eustachian tube which opens only when we swallow or yawn. While the tube is open, air enters the middle ear and excess liquid empties. When a person is suffering from a common cold or allergic rhinitis (nasal allergy), the Eustachian tube may become swollen and blocked. When the fluid doesn’t empty, it accumulates and thickens until it is the consistency of glue, making it susceptible to infections. […] While glue ear isn’t an infection, it often follows an ear infection or a cold. If there is no treatment for an ear infection and the fluid builds in the middle ear, glue ear can result.

• #3 Glue Ear In Children | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/glue-ear

  Young tamariki who have hearing loss for long periods can have problems with their speech and language development. […] If your child has fluid in the middle ear for more than 3 months, there are some treatment options. […] Some tamariki with glue ear may need grommets. If your child does need grommets, your health professional may recommend an appointment with an ENT (ear, nose and throat) specialist. […] Longer courses of antibiotics have been used in the past as treatment for glue ear. But, antibiotics only have a small temporary effect on clearing fluid from the middle ear. Because of this and concerns about the complications of long courses of antibiotics (including the development of antibiotic resistance, allergic reactions, diarrhoea and thrush), they are no longer a common treatment for glue ear.

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