Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear) | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/otitis-media-with-effusion

  Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of acquired hearing loss in childhood. […] It is more common between the ages of 6 months to 4 years. […] More than 50% of children will experience otitis media with effusion in the first year of life. […] 1 in 8 primary school children (5-6 years) have fluid in one, or both ears at any one time. […] In children with Down’s syndrome, cleft palate or other craniofacial anomalies, the prevalence is 60-85%. […] It is most common in the winter months. […] It is much less common in adults. […] Otitis media with effusion has a lower prevalence in adults and is frequently associated with other underlying diagnoses. […] Unilateral OME in an adult is a suspicious finding. […] Paranasal sinus disease is the main underlying cause of OME in adults, accounting for two thirds of cases in one series. […] Adults with otitis media with effusion should therefore be fully evaluated, including use of flexible nasal endoscopy, for underlying conditions.

• #2 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear is a very common childhood condition. One in every five preschool-aged children may have glue ear at any one time. About eight out of every 10 children will develop the condition some time before they turn 10 years old. […] Glue ear is most common in babies and children younger than 6 years old. But glue ear can occur in adults too. […] Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesn’t always occur due to ear infections. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will examine your child’s ears to diagnose glue ear. They’ll use a small scope to look for fluid in your child’s ears. […] If your child’s symptoms continue for several months, they’ll recommend you return for testing and treatment.

• #3 Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/glue-ear/

  Glue ear is a condition that affects 8 out of 10 children in the UK. […] Glue ear is one of the most common childhood illnesses, and occurs when the middle ear becomes filled with sticky fluid. […] Its very common 1 in 5 pre-school children have glue ear at any one time and 8 out of 10 children will experience glue ear before the age of 10. […] Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) can cause temporary deafness and a prolonged period of time with reduced hearing can affect childrens speech and language development, for example, parts of words may not be pronounced clearly. […] Research has shown that children who have been breastfed from birth are less likely to get glue ear at a young age. […] Research carried out by the Department of Health has shown that all children are more likely to get ear infections and glue ear if theyre often in a smoky environment.

• #4 Glue ear | enteducationswansea

  https://www.enteducationswansea.org/glue-ear

  The prevalence of glue ear is highest in children (40% at two years) and steadily falls so that is uncommon in teenagers (1% at age 11). […] It is also higher in winter, boys, cleft palate, Down’s syndrome, bottle fed babies and in children who’s parents smoke. […] Generally glue ear resolves spontaneously. Over a three month period 50% of children with glue ear will resolve. Ultimately 90% will settle without treatment.

• #5 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  In the United States, middle ear infections are the most common medical problem in infants and children of preschool age, and they are the most frequent primary diagnoses in children younger than 15 years who are examined at physicians’ offices. […] Clinical guidelines from a joint commission of specialties document that screening surveys of healthy children between infancy and age 5 years show a 15-40% point prevalence in middle ear effusion (MEE). Furthermore, among children examined at regular intervals for 1 year, 50-60% of child care attendees and 25% of school-aged children were found to have a middle ear effusion at some point during the examination period, with peak incidence during the winter months. […] Between 84% and 93% of all children experience at least 1 episode of acute otitis media (AOM). Furthermore, approximately 80% of children have had an episode of otitis media with effusion (OME) when younger than 10 years. At any given time, 5% of children aged 2-4 years have hearing loss due to a middle ear effusion that lasts 3 months or longer. The prevalence of otitis media with effusion is highest in those aged 2 years or younger, and it sharply declines in children older than 6 years.

• #6 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  A 7-year study of otitis media conducted in the greater Boston area revealed the frequency of acute otitis media. In children younger than 1 year, 62% had at least 1 episode of acute otitis media, and 17% had 3 or more episodes. In children younger than 3 years, 83% had at least 1 episode of acute otitis media, and 46% had 3 or more episodes. […] In another study, 12.8 million episodes of otitis media occurred in children younger than 5 years. Of children younger than 2 years, 17% had recurrent disease. Because at least 30% and as many as 45% of children with acute otitis media had otitis media with effusion after 30 days, and 10% had otitis media with effusion after 90 days, at least 3.84 million episodes of otitis media with effusion occurred the year studied; of these, 1.28 million episodes persisted at least 3 months.

• #7 Otitis Media With Effusion: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858990-overview

  The prevalence of otitis media with effusion is higher in Native Americans, particularly Navajo and Inuit peoples, than in other races. The reason for the higher frequency in these populations has been attributed to a number of factors, but no findings have confirmed the most likely etiologies. No difference in prevalence rates between white and black populations exists. […] Although no statistically significant difference exists between the sexes in terms of incidence or prevalence, some findings suggest that males may have a slightly higher frequency.

• #8 Otitis media – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media

  Acute otitis media is very common in childhood. It is the most common condition for which medical care is provided in children under five years of age in the US. Acute otitis media affects 11% of people each year (709 million cases) with half occurring in those below five years. Chronic suppurative otitis media affects about 5% or 31 million of these cases with 22.6% of cases occurring annually under the age of five years. Otitis media resulted in 2,400 deaths in 2013 down from 4,900 deaths in 1990. […] Australian Aboriginals experience a high level of conductive hearing loss largely due to the massive incidence of middle ear disease among the young in Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal children experience middle ear disease for two and a half years on average during childhood compared with three months for non indigenous children. If untreated it can leave a permanent legacy of hearing loss. The higher incidence of deafness in turn contributes to poor social, educational and emotional outcomes for the children concerned. Such children as they grow into adults are also more likely to experience employment difficulties and find themselves caught up in the criminal justice system. Research in 2012 revealed that nine out of ten Aboriginal prison inmates in the Northern Territory suffer from significant hearing loss.

• #9 Innovation dedicated to researching and helping children with Glue Ear.    – NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme

  https://nhscep.com/2023/11/13/innovation-dedicated-to-researching-and-helping-children-with-glue-ear/

  Innovation dedicated to researching and helping children with Glue Ear. […] Glue ear is caused by a build-up of fluid and mucous in the middle ear, causing varying levels of hearing impairment for varying amounts of time and affects 1 out of 10 children in the UK or Europe and up to 7 of 10 children in some other countries. […] 1 in 10 children under 5 years of age have middle ear hearing loss and, in some countries, this increased as high as 7/8 in 10*. […] Current UK practices were: Watchful waiting- Waiting for self-resolution. Grommet operations- Grommet operations can take place 1 to 2 years after the child first reports or has a diagnosis of hearing loss. Conventional behind-the-ear hearing aids- Which often do not work well for children with Glue Ear as their hearing fluctuates.

• #10 Glue Ear: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/hearing-problems/glue-ear

  Glue ear is common. By 10 years of age, 8 out of 10 children will have had at least one case of glue ear. It is most common between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Boys are more commonly affected than girls. Most cases occur in winter. […] Glue ear is characterised by a collection of fluid in the middle ear space (behind the ear drum), without any signs or symptoms of inflammation. The fluid may be present in the middle ear for several weeks, especially in children. […] A referral to an audiologist or an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist may be advised at some point. This may be straightaway for babies who have hearing loss. […] Hearing tests are also performed routinely in many areas of the UK when children enter school (in state education settings), although this is not universal.

• #11 About the LittleEARS website

  https://www.littleears.soton.ac.uk/book/export/html/58

  Glue ear is extremely common, especially in children aged between 1 and 6 years, although it can develop at any age. […] One in five children will be affected by glue ear in the first year of primary school and 80% of children will have at least one episode by the age of 10 years old. […] Glue ear is just as common in boys as in girls. […] It is more common in the winter months when there are lots of coughs and colds.

• #12 Glue ear — julianhamann.com

  https://www.julianhamann.com/ear-balance-dizziness/glue-ear

  The most common symptom of glue ear is poor hearing. It is common in childhood, with four out of five children developing it at some stage. It is most prevalent in children aged between 6 to 11 months. The incidence gradually decreases, until at age 11, only 1% of children will suffer from glue ear. […] Glue ear often occurs in autumn and winter. As it most commonly affects young children, it is often parents and teachers who become aware that a child’s hearing has deteriorated. […] An ENT surgeon, such as Mr Julian Hamann, will diagnose glue ear by taking a clinical history, and by examining the ear. […] Studies in California and Finland found that children immunized with the pneumococcal vaccination were significantly less likely to need grommets. […] Children with other congenital problems such as cleft palate and Downs syndrome are also at greater risk of developing glue ear.

• #13 Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/glue-ear

  Glue ear (also known as 'otitis media with effusion’) is a condition where fluid builds up in the middle ear. […] Glue ear can happen at any age but is most common in children between 1 and 6 years old. This is because their Eustachian tube is smaller and more likely to get blocked. […] Untreated glue ear can cause complications that may affect your or your child’s hearing and development, including: hearing loss fluid build-up can cause temporary hearing loss, and in rare cases, it may cause permanent damage to the ear, leading to long-term hearing loss. […] While glue ear can be caused by ear infections, it’s hard to prevent colds that can lead to ear infections. Good hygiene can help lower your chance of catching a cold.

• #14

  https://scitemed.com/article/2501/Glue-Ear-in-Children-with-Cleft-Lip-and-Palate-An-Update

  Cleft lip/palate (CLP) is a congenital orofacial anomaly that is debilitating for patients and psychologically stressful for family members. […] Otitis media with effusion (OME), also called serous/secretory otitis media or glue ear, is a collection of non-purulent fluid within the middle ear space. OME is a common condition among infants and children between the ages of 1 and 3 years. […] Compared to healthy children, children with CLP are more susceptible to OME. […] Even though the vast majority of patients (approximately 80%) do not have OME at birth, statistics have shown that OME occurs at least once before the first birthday in up to 90% of the infants born with CLP. […] Furthermore, as many as 97% of the infants born with CLP suffer concurrent OME within the first two years of life.

• #15

  https://scitemed.com/article/2501/Glue-Ear-in-Children-with-Cleft-Lip-and-Palate-An-Update

  The clinical significance of OME is often overlooked and very few studies have explored this condition in depth, despite the fact that it is commonly associated with CLP. […] Up to 90% of infants born with CLP suffer from OME before their first birthday; therefore, it is recommended that otologic tests be conducted as soon as possible after birth to ascertain whether fluid has collected in the middle ear. […] Many researchers have recommended watchful waiting as the treatment of choice for OME among children with CLP, particularly when parents prefer to avoid or postpone surgery. […] Previous studies have shown that at least 90% of children who undergo palatoplasty for CLP continue to suffer recurrent OME, indicative of poor Eustachian tube function after repair surgery. […] A significant proportion (53.2% to 98%) of CLP children with OME require VTI, with an average of between 0.55 to 2.2 VTIs per patient in the first 7 years of observation.

• #16 Gene Linked to ‘Glue Ear’ Identified | The Hearing Review

  https://hearingreview.com/inside-hearing/research/gene-linked-to-glue-ear-identified

  Researchers identified the DYRK1A gene as a key driver of susceptibility to glue ear in individuals with Down syndrome, paving the way for targeted therapies to address hearing loss. […] The work highlights the role of the gene DYRK1A in increasing susceptibility to otitis media with effusion (OME), a type of middle ear condition commonly known as glue ear in people with Down syndrome. […] Around 50% of children with Down syndrome have hearing loss due to OME, which can impact skills such as the acquisition of language. […] Despite the prevalence of OME in people with Down syndrome, the genetic basis of the condition has remained unclear. […] The identification of DYRK1A as a driver of OME opens the door for potentially less invasive therapeutic interventions than the currently used tympanostomy tubes. […] Therefore, suppressing the activity of DYRK1A by localized delivery of inhibitors such as this to the middle ear cavity in Down syndrome patients should be explored in further studies.

• #17 The aetiology of glue ear–a case-control study – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4040897/

  A case-control study was carried out to investigate many of the proposed causes of glue ear in childhood. One hundred and fifty cases with two matched controls were found to be remarkably similar in nearly all medical and social aspects of their past and present lives, thus providing no support for many of the currently held views on the aetiology of glue ear. […] Of the 5 factors which were found to increase the risk of a child undergoing surgery for glue ear, only one of these is thought to be related to the development of the condition, rather than to the chances of its detection. This factor was parental smoking (RR 1.64). […] The 4 other risk factors appear to influence the chance of glue ear being detected, diagnosed and referred for surgical treatment – the child’s mother being employed outside the home, but only if the father is employed in non-manual work (RR 3.0); attending pre-school day-care (RR 2.00); having an older sibling who had been diagnosed as suffering from glue ear (RR 1.84); and having been born locally (in Oxfordshire) (RR 1.89). Possible explanations for these social and behavioural factors are discussed.

• #18 What Is the Relationship Between Allergies and Glue Ear? | ENT of Georgia North | Blog

  https://www.entofga.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-allergies-and-glue-ear/

  Young children are the most likely to develop glue ear, with approximately eight out of 10 children experiencing the condition before age 10. […] Allergies (allergic rhinitis) are one of the most common causes of Eustachian tube dysfunction. […] In addition to managing allergies, your provider may recommend ear tubes to reduce the likelihood of ear infections.

• #19 Glue Ear, Hearing Loss and IQ: An Association Moderated by the Child’s Home Environment | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0087021

  Glue ear or otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in children and may be associated with hearing loss (HL). […] The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between episodes of OME and hearing loss over the first 4 to 5 years of life and IQ at ages 4 and 8 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). […] The cognitive development of children from homes with lower levels of cognitive stimulation is susceptible to the effects of glue ear and hearing loss. […] Several prospective studies of OME, hearing loss and cognition have shown associations between measures of early OME and hearing history and IQ. […] The current study identified a group of children within the population, those from home environments with lower levels of cognitive stimulation, who are more vulnerable to the effects of OME and hearing loss.

• #20 Surgery for glue ear: the English epidemic wanes – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7629456/

  Objectives: To describe the progress of the epidemic of surgery for glue ear since 1983 and trends in the use of different operative procedures. […] Results: The rate of surgery for glue ear reached a peak in 1986 since when it has declined by 12.6%. The rate peaked in all 13 districts but at different times over a six year period (1984-1989/90). Following the peak, district rates plateaued in eight districts and declined in five. […] Conclusions: The previously reported epidemic of surgery for glue ear is waning. This seems to be a result of changes in the clinical judgment of general practitioners and surgeons as to its use and possibly of a reduced demand from parents.

• #21 Surgery for glue ear: the English epidemic wanes. | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

  https://jech.bmj.com/content/49/3/234

  OBJECTIVES–To describe the progress of the epidemic of surgery for glue ear since 1983 and trends in the use of different operative procedures. […] RESULTS–The rate of surgery for glue ear reached a peak in 1986 since when it has declined by 12.6%. […] CONCLUSIONS–The previously reported epidemic of surgery for glue ear is waning. This seems to be a result of changes in the clinical judgment of general practitioners and surgeons as to its use and possibly of a reduced demand from parents.

• #22 Glue Ear SURVEILLANCE — Tolbecs Ear Centre – Hamilton | Ear Clinic | Microsuctioning | Treatment for infection | Online bookings

  https://tolbecs.co.nz/new-page-5

  Glue ear is a term used when thick fluid is trapped behind the eardrum. This results in hearing loss and can lead to delayed learning and language development in children. […] Regular check ups for 3 months (called the watchful wait period) are very important to get a clear picture whether the fluid build up is constant or intermittent. In most people the fluid should clear up within 12 weeks, however when the fluid remains in the middle ear for more than 3 months, this is called glue ear. […] Our Ear Nurses can see the eardrum 10 times more magnified than your doctor, making it easier for them to notice any fluid or abnormal appearances of the eardrum. They will also perform a small pressure test called tympanometry to confirm normal or abnormal middle ear pressure.

• #23 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear often goes away naturally without treatment. Your child’s healthcare provider will usually wait several months to see if the fluid clears up on its own. If your child’s symptoms don’t improve naturally, treatment options may include: […] Glue ear is a very common condition that usually resolves on its own. But if symptoms continue for several months, your child may experience hearing loss. This can affect their speech and language development. […] Most cases of glue ear go away on their own within two to three weeks. Sometimes, the condition persists for several months. If it hasn’t resolved on its own within three months, speak with your child’s healthcare provider about appropriate treatment.

• #23 Glue Ear (Otitis Media with Effusion): Symptoms & Causes

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23523-glue-ear

  Glue ear is a very common childhood condition. One in every five preschool-aged children may have glue ear at any one time. About eight out of every 10 children will develop the condition some time before they turn 10 years old. […] Glue ear is most common in babies and children younger than 6 years old. But glue ear can occur in adults too. […] Glue ear frequently occurs after ear infections. This happens when fluid that built up during the infection remains after it has cleared. But glue ear doesn’t always occur due to ear infections. […] Your child’s healthcare provider will examine your child’s ears to diagnose glue ear. They’ll use a small scope to look for fluid in your child’s ears. […] If your child’s symptoms continue for several months, they’ll recommend you return for testing and treatment.

• #24 Oral steroids do not help hearing for children with glue ear

  http://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/oral-steroids-do-not-help-hearing-for-children-with-glue-ear/

  Oral steroids do not improve hearing, symptoms, or quality of life in children with glue ear. This NIHR-funded trial compared oral steroids with placebo for 389 children with glue ear, also called otitis media with effusion, and found no significant effect on those outcomes. […] Glue ear is a common problem in childhood that can need an operation. It would be very useful to families and the NHS if a drug could help children to improve without needing surgery. […] Most previously identified studies were small and of poor quality. So this trial aimed to recruit a large number of children and to see if a well-designed trial could resolve the question of whether oral steroids could improve hearing outcomes for children who have lived with glue ear for at least three months and have documented hearing loss.

• #25 Oral steroids do not help hearing for children with glue ear

  http://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/oral-steroids-do-not-help-hearing-for-children-with-glue-ear/

  NICEs 2008 guideline on otitis media with effusion in under 12s covers management of children who have glue ear in both ears and persistent hearing loss. It recommends against the use of topical or oral steroids for managing otitis media with effusion. […] The findings confirm the high rate of spontaneous resolution of glue ear at six months and one year. The small seven percentage point increase in acceptable hearing at five weeks was not statistically significant or clinically important and suggests that steroids do not have a worthwhile effect on hearing. Quality of life did not differ between groups, and this supports current guidance that oral steroids should not be prescribed for glue ear in children.

• #26 Glue ear — Mr Daniel Tweedie – Consultant Paediatric ENT Surgeon, London

  https://www.danieltweedie.com/glue-ear

  Glue ear (also known as otitis media with effusion, or OME) is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the middle ear: the area behind the ear drum. […] It is the commonest cause of partial deafness in young children. It is estimated that one in four children are affected with glue ear at some stage of their lives. […] The NICE Guidelines also look at children with Down Syndrome or cleft palate who are at particular risk of glue ear- most likely as a result of reduced effectiveness of the Eustachian tubes. As such, these children are likely to have more persistent glue ear, often lasting on and off into adolescence. […] A review of the evidence by NICE has demonstrated that the treatments below have no strong evidence to support them and as such are not recommended for the management of glue ear: antibiotics, topical or systemic antihistamines, topical or systemic decongestants, topical or systemic steroids, homeopathy, cranial osteopathy, acupuncture, dietary modification, including probiotics, immunostimulants, massage.

• #27 Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion (’glue ear’) in children | Cochrane

  https://www.cochrane.org/CD009163/ENT_antibiotics-otitis-media-effusion-glue-ear-children

  Glue ear is one of the most common conditions of early childhood. […] In total 25 studies (3663 children) were eligible for inclusion. […] We found moderate quality evidence (six trials including 484 children) that children treated with oral antibiotics are more likely to have glue ear resolved two to three months after the treatment was started than those allocated to control treatment. […] Moderate quality evidence is available that children with glue ear do benefit from oral antibiotics in terms of resolving glue ear at various time points and reducing acute otitis media episodes during follow-up compared with control treatment. […] This review presents evidence of both benefits and harms associated with the use of oral antibiotics to treat children up to 16 years with OME. […] Even in situations where clear and relevant benefits of oral antibiotics have been demonstrated, these must always be carefully balanced against adverse effects and the emergence of bacterial resistance.

• #28

  https://scitemed.com/article/2501/Glue-Ear-in-Children-with-Cleft-Lip-and-Palate-An-Update

  Compared with a conservative approach, early VTI has been shown to improve hearing, and this improvement was maintained in more than half of the CLP children for a period of 5-15 years after surgery. […] Nonetheless, VTI does not necessarily lead to improvements in speech or language development in CLP children, and CLP children with VTI were shown to face a higher risk of complications than did those without.

• #29 My child has glue ear – what do I do?

  https://theconversation.com/my-child-has-glue-ear-what-do-i-do-83815

  Around one in four Australian children will have recurrent ear infections in their first three years of life. […] But by the time children start school, one in ten will still have glue ear, which could have a significant impact on their early learning. […] Glue ear is a form of ear infection also known as otitis media with effusion. […] The impacts on a child’s development stretch well into adulthood. […] The exact cause is poorly understood, but bacteria and viruses associated with coughs and colds are often the initial cause of ear infections. […] Together these increase the ability of glue ear to persist or re-occur. This results in longer periods of hearing loss and leaves children at a greater risk of developmental problems. […] A recent parliamentary inquiry into hearing health has suggested all children be screened for hearing loss during their first year of school.

• #30 My child has glue ear – what do I do?

  https://theconversation.com/my-child-has-glue-ear-what-do-i-do-83815

  Aboriginal children experience more ear infections, longer periods of glue ear, and more severe hearing losses than other children. […] Initiatives to provide early identification and treatment for ear infections and glue ear, such as the Nyoongar Djarli Waakinj ear health program at the Telethon Kids Institute in Perth, the WA Child Ear Health Strategy and other programs like Deadly Ears, are helping to reduce the developmental impact of otitis media and close the gap for ear health in Aboriginal children.

• #31 The information – glue ear – Pulse Today

  https://www.pulsetoday.co.uk/clinical-feature/clinical-areas/ear-nose-throat-ophthamology/the-information-glue-ear/

  Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) is the most common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Prevalence peaks at around two years, and again at around five years of age. By the age of 10, about 80% of children will have had glue ear. […] A child with a history and new diagnosis of glue ear should be referred for hearing assessment and active monitoring. Most children will have to wait about three months to be seen. Referral does not imply the need for surgical treatment, but to document the hearing thresholds and middle ear tympanometry, repeating these over a three-month period, after which persistent glue ear might require intervention. […] Children with some conditions, such as Downs syndrome and cleft palate, are more likely to develop persistent, recurrent glue ear. These children are usually under surveillance by a developmental paediatrician or in a regional cleft service. If not, early referral is recommended. For children where persistent glue ear is predictable, hearing aids are a helpful option to avoid repeated operations. […] NICE guidance advises that after three months of bilateral hearing loss, confirmed on audiometry and tympanometry, the effective treatment is ventilation of the middle ear with grommets.

• #32 ENTchild: glue ear

  https://www.entchild.com/glue-ear

  Glue Ear, or Otitis Media with Effusion (OME), is fluid in the middle ear, behind the ear drum. […] The main problem with Glue Ear is hearing loss. […] Children’s Eustachian tube is shorter and flatter than in adults, that’s why children are more likely to get middle ear disease related to poor Eustachian tube function than adults. […] Glue Ear management is based on recommended guidelines such as those from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

• #33 Grommets for glue ear in children – EBI

  https://ebi.aomrc.org.uk/interventions/grommets-for-glue-ear-in-children/

  Glue ear is a very common childhood problem (4 out of 5 children will have had an episode by age 10), and in most cases it clears up without treatment within a few weeks. […] Often, when the hearing loss is affecting both ears it can cause language, educational and behavioural problems. […] The NHS should only commission the surgical management of glue ear in children aged under 12 when these criteria are met: […] The NHS should only commission this surgery when the NICE criteria are met, as performing the surgery outside of these criteria is unlikely to derive any clinical benefit. […] Glue ear is a very common childhood problem that affects about four in five children by the age of ten. In most cases, it clears up without treatment in a few weeks. Common symptoms can include earache and a reduction in hearing. If the hearing loss is affecting both ears it can cause language, educational and behavioural problems. The procedure generally should only be considered if your child has at least three months of persistent hearing loss in both ears.

• #34 glue ear | MESHGuides

  https://www.meshguides.org/guides/taxonomy/term/108

  Epidemiology studies for Glue Ear took place in the 1980s and 90s and the high incidence of Glue Ear in the early years was well documented. […] More recent studies in the UK have confirmed these findings and the seasonal variation of Glue Ear is evidenced in research and attendance at hearing assessment clinics. […] The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) is an independent organisation, which provides national guidelines to promote good health. The NICE guidelines for Glue Ear are based on research and professional advice.

• #35 Causes of glue ear | Information about glue ear

  https://www.ndcs.org.uk/information-and-support/childhood-deafness/causes-of-deafness/glue-ear/

  Research suggests that allergy may be related to persistent glue ear in some children. […] Childrens hearing can be affected for long periods of time while waiting to see if the glue ear clears up naturally or while on the waiting list to have the grommet operation or hearing aids. […] If your childs glue ear is likely to, or has, lasted for at least 12 months, without clearing up, then your child may be regarded as having a disability under the Equality Act.

• #36 Ear Infection – Chronic Otitis Media and Glue Ear – ENT Clinic

  https://ent-surgery.com.au/ent-resources/ear/ear-infection-chronic-otitis-media-and-glue-ear/

  Otitis media is the most frequent diagnosis recorded for children who visit physicians for illness – it is also the most common cause of hearing loss in children. […] Glue ear is fluid in the middle ear, behind the ear drum. […] Otitis media and glue ear cause the eardrum to stop working properly causing hearing problems. […] All children with middle ear infection or fluid have some degree of hearing loss. […] The average hearing loss in ears with fluid is 24 decibels – equivalent to wearing ear plugs. […] Essentially, a child experiencing hearing loss from middle ear infections will hear muffled sounds and misunderstand speech rather than incur a complete hearing loss – the consequences can be significant including delay in learning important speech and language skills. […] Without proper treatment, damage from an ear infection can cause chronic or permanent hearing loss – contact your ENT doctor if you have any questions.

• #37 Glue Ear Treatment and Information – Dr. Gillian Dunlop

  https://www.drgilliandunlop.com.au/glue-ear/

  With each episode of ear infection fluid accumulates in the middle ear. If the fluid persists it is known as glue ear, the name reflecting the thick sticky nature of the fluid. The peak incidence of glue ear is between three and six years old though it can occur as early as in the first year of life. […] The presence of fluid can cause problems such as a 10-40 decibel loss of hearing leading to poor speech development, inattention, bad behaviour, imbalance in toddlers and poor progress at school. […] There is good evidence to show that children with glue ear left untreated at a young age do not score as highly as disease free children five years later when measured for literary and numeracy IQ.

• #38 Innovation dedicated to researching and helping children with Glue Ear.    – NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme

  https://nhscep.com/2023/11/13/innovation-dedicated-to-researching-and-helping-children-with-glue-ear/

  Over 5% of the worlds population or 430 million people require rehabilitation to address their disabling hearing loss*. […] Dr Holland Brown found that Malawi, in East Africa, only had one ear, nose, and throat surgeon and roughly four audiologists to support their whole population of 19.89 million. Research showed that childhood hearing loss is high* in this area and one of the largest barriers families faced was that accessing hearing aids was challenging and if they could, the batteries were difficult to source and needed to be changed regularly, which was not affordable. […] The app progressed to become a class 1 medical device, with a CE Mark and was reviewed by ORCHA, the world-leading health app evaluators, and was awarded a score of 82%.

• #39 Blowing balloons treats glue ear — Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford

  https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/news/blowing-balloons-treats-glue-ear

  Glue ear (otitis media with effusion) is a common middle-ear problem and affects about 200,000 children per year. There is a four in five chance a child will get an ear effusion in the first 10 years of their life. […] Children receiving autoinflation were more likely than those in the control group to have normal middle-ear pressure at both one month (47.3 per cent and 35.6 per cent, respectively) and three months (49.6 per cent and 38.3 per cent, respectively) and have fewer days with symptoms. […] Writing in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), the authors suggest this treatment should be used more widely in children over the age of four to manage OME and help treat the associated hearing loss. […] We have found use of autoinflation in young, school-aged children with otitis media with effusion to be feasible, safe and effective in clearing effusions, and in improving important ear symptoms, concerns and related quality of life over a three-month watch-and-wait period.

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