Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10947-cleft-lip-cleft-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are separations in the upper lip and mouth that occur while a fetus develops in the uterus. Treating cleft lip and palate involves surgery and may include speech therapy and dental work. A cleft lip is an opening or split in the upper lip that occurs during fetal development. A cleft lip and cleft palate are openings in a baby’s upper lip or roof of their mouth (palate). They’re congenital abnormalities (birth defects) that form while a fetus develops in the uterus. Cleft lips and cleft palates happen when tissues of the upper lip and roof of the mouth don’t join together properly during fetal development. Surgery can repair a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. […] A cleft lip happens when the tissues that make the lips don’t join completely. As a result, an opening or gap forms between the two sides of the upper lip. The cleft can range from a small indentation to a large gap that reaches the nose. This separation can include the gums or the palate (roof of the mouth). A cleft palate is a split or opening in the roof of your mouth that forms during fetal development. A cleft palate can include the hard palate (the bony front portion of the roof of the mouth) and/or the soft palate (the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth).

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985

  A cleft lip is an opening or split in the upper lip that doesn’t close fully when an unborn baby is developing in the womb. Cleft lip may happen only on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral). A baby with a cleft lip also may have a cleft in the roof of the mouth called a cleft palate. […] A cleft palate is an opening or split in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the tissue doesn’t close fully during development in the womb before birth. A cleft palate often includes a split in the upper lip (cleft lip), but it can occur without affecting the lip. […] Cleft lip and cleft palate are openings or splits in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (palate) or both. Cleft lip and cleft palate occur when an unborn baby’s face and mouth are developing and the upper lip and palate don’t close fully.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate – Seattle Children’s

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/cleft-lip-palate/

  Cleft lip and cleft palate happen when part of the lip or roof of the mouth (palate) does not form properly. This leaves a gap (cleft). These birth defects happen in early pregnancy. […] Cleft lip is an upper lip that is not completely formed. It affects how the lip works. […] In cleft palate, a baby is born with a gap in the roof of their mouth (palate). Cleft palate affects speech and feeding because the muscles at the back of the palate are not formed properly. These muscles are needed to close off the mouth from the nose during feeding and speaking. […] How a cleft looks depends on where it is and how severe it is. […] Cleft lips range from mild to severe. A mild form of cleft lip would be a small notch in the red part of the upper lip (microform cleft lip). An example of a severe cleft lip would be 2 wide gaps in the upper lip and a collapsed and stretched nose (complete bilateral cleft lip).

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate: Symptoms & Causes | NewYork-Presbyterian

  https://www.nyp.org/pediatrics/craniofacial-centers/cleft-lip-palate

  A cleft (split) in the lip and/or palate is usually noticed at birth. Cleft lip and cleft palate may include: […] A split in the lip on one or both sides of the face might look like a small gap in the lip or might be a larger gap from the lip to the bottom of the nose. […] A split in the roof of the mouth (palate) that doesnt affect the appearance of the face. […] A split in the lip on one or both sides of the face with a split in the roof of the mouth.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic Conditions We Treat | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/departments/cleft-lip-and-palate-clinic/conditions-we-treat

  Cleft lip and palate is the result of abnormal fusion of the facial structures during pregnancy. Patients are diagnosed at birth by the presence of a gap or crack of the lip and/or palate. The range of severity for this defect can be quite wide. Cleft lip and/or palate occurs in approximately 1 in 1000 births. […] In addition to cosmetic problems, these children can have difficulty with feeding and development of speech. Early referral to a craniofacial clinic is needed to ensure the best outcomes for these children. […] Clefts can be considered complete or incomplete. […] Complete cleft lips are clefts that extend up and into the nostril and will involve the tooth bearing structures in the mouth (known as the alveolus). […] A submucous cleft palate is a unique type. Although the roof of the mouth appears structurally intact, the muscles of the submucous cleft palate are not in the correct position or orientation. This may contribute to speech problems as a child grows.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate | UPMC Children’s Pittsburgh

  https://www.chp.edu/our-services/plastic-surgery/conditions/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/symptoms-causes/syc-20370985

  Usually, a split (cleft) in the lip or roof of the mouth (palate) can be seen right away at birth. It may be found before birth during a prenatal ultrasound. Cleft lip and cleft palate may look like: A split in the lip and palate that affects one or both sides of the face. A split in the lip that appears as only a small notch in the lip or extends from the lip through the upper gum and palate into the bottom of the nose. A split in the roof of the mouth that doesn’t affect how the face looks. […] Less often, a cleft occurs only in the muscles of the soft palate, which are at the back of the mouth and covered by the mouth’s lining. This is called a submucous cleft palate. This type of cleft may not be seen at birth and may not be diagnosed until later when signs arise, such as: Having a hard time feeding. Nasal speaking voice. Constant ear infections. Rarely, having a hard time swallowing. Liquids or foods may come out of the nose. […] A cleft lip and cleft palate may be seen at birth or may be found on ultrasound before birth. Your healthcare professional can start coordinating care at that time. If your baby has symptoms of a submucous cleft palate, make an appointment with your child’s healthcare professional.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Children: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate-in-children-care-instructions.ut3193

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are fairly common birth defects that often occur together. Cleft lip happens when the tissues of the upper jaw and nose don’t join properly as a baby develops. This causes a split (cleft) in the lip. In most cases, a cleft lip does not cause feeding problems or other health problems. Cleft palate happens when the roof of the mouth (palate) doesn’t develop normally during pregnancy. This leaves an opening that may go through to the nasal cavity. It may affect any part of the palate, including the front part of the roof of the mouth (hard palate) or the small tag of tissue that hangs down from the soft palate (uvula). Some babies with cleft palates have problems sucking and swallowing, so feeding may be a challenge. […] If a cleft lip occurs with a cleft palate, it is sometimes linked with another health condition. For this reason, it’s important for children to be tested for other conditions starting at birth, especially if a baby has other symptoms. Some children with cleft lips may need other tests too, such as tests for speech and hearing problems.

• #1 Submucous Cleft Palate: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/submucous-cleft-palate

  An SMCP can include any, or all, of the following signs: […] A very wide or split (bifid) uvula […] Translucency of the tissue along the middle of the soft palate […] A notch in the back of the hard palate. […] In some cases, an infant may struggle with feeding or display leakage of breastmilk or formula through the nose. […] In other cases, feeding may progress without difficulty, but the child may develop chronic ear infections and effusions (fluid in the middle ear space), often requiring placement of ventilation tubes. […] Finally, an SMCP may be identified when a child’s speech has a nasal quality (hypernasality), either occurring on its own or following adenoidectomy. […] If the speech evaluation confirms the presence of hypernasality or nasal air emission, specialized imaging, such as nasopharyngoscopy, may be recommended to evaluate velopharyngeal (VP) closure.

• #1 Cleft Palate & Cleft Lip in Babies: Signs, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/first-year/cleft-lip-and-palate.aspx

  Cleft lips and/or palates can make it harder for a child to eat efficiently or speak clearly. Theyre also tied to teeth and hearing problems and can increase the risk for frequent ear infections. […] Orofacial clefts, especially lip clefts, can often be detected through a routine ultrasound as early as 13 weeks. If a cleft isnt seen before a baby is born, its usually apparent at birth. Depending on the size and location of the cleft, you may see: […] Babies with cleft lips and/or palates can have other symptoms as well, including: […] Sometimes cleft palates towards the back of the mouth may be harder to spot at birth, especially if the split is covered by the mouths lining. Called submucous cleft palates, these clefts dont typically affect a babys appearance. But they can still cause feeding and ear problems and cause a childs voice to sound nasal.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/cleft-lip-and-palate/?srsltid=AfmBOooa1xUSTsDp9n73kPjuCekn92KnmxAodnZn4f5FQFoHsqX0qGVK

  The signs and symptoms associated with clefting depend on a variety of factors, including type (i.e., cleft lip, cleft palate, or both) and severity of the cleft and whether the cleft is associated with a craniofacial syndrome. Individuals with cleft lip and palate may experience difficulties in one or more of the areas listed below. […] Feeding deficits can vary considerably in infants with clefting, depending on the type and severity of the cleft. In most cases, infants with clefts who are otherwise typically developing have normal pharyngeal swallowing function; once the milk reaches the oropharynx, the swallow is initiated with normal airway protection. […] Babies with cleft palate with or without cleft lip may have more significant feeding difficulty. They are unable to separate the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and, therefore, cannot create the negative pressure necessary for sucking. In addition, they may have difficulty compressing the nipple to express milk because the palatal surface is not intact.

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/cleft-lip-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate vary in severity and appearance. Cleft lip and cleft palate affect the way that children’s mouths look: Cleft lip is a gap in the upper lip, which might go up through the gum and into the nose. Cleft palate is a gap in the palate, which creates a connection between the mouth and the nose. Cleft lip and cleft palate is a gap in both the lip and roof of the mouth. […] Babies with cleft palate might have significant trouble feeding. This is because they find it difficult or impossible to suck, even though they have no problems swallowing. […] Babies with a cleft palate might get glue ear. This is when fluid builds up behind the ear drum. Glue ear can lead to hearing difficulties. […] Children who have cleft lip and palate might also have problems with teeth and gums. For example, they might have missing teeth, extra teeth or teeth coming out in the wrong place or the wrong direction. This can affect baby teeth and/or adult teeth.

• #1 Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate: Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10947-cleft-lip-cleft-palate

  Problems with eating, hearing and speech are common in children with clefts. Children may also have issues with their teeth or self-esteem. With a separation or opening in the palate, food and liquids can pass from your child’s mouth back through their nose. Some babies have difficulty breastfeeding or taking a bottle because they can’t create enough suction. Children with cleft palate are more prone to fluid buildup in their middle ears (glue ear). If left untreated, this causes hearing loss. Children with cleft palate may have trouble speaking. Their voices may not carry well, and their speech may be difficult to understand. […] Children with clefts may be self-conscious or embarrassed about their appearance, even at a young age. This can cause emotional, social or behavioral problems at school and lead to issues with their confidence.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate

  https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/cleft-lip-and-palate/?srsltid=AfmBOooa1xUSTsDp9n73kPjuCekn92KnmxAodnZn4f5FQFoHsqX0qGVK

  Potential deficits associated with feeding difficulties include fatigue due to excessive energy expended during feeding; poor weight gain due to inadequate nutritional intake; excessive air intake; and nasal regurgitation. […] Infants with cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies associated with genetic syndromes or sequences may have more significant feeding and swallowing difficulties. […] The occurrence rate of orofacial clefts varies by population. In the United States, surveillance program data from the U.S. Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research Program found higher rates in American Indian or Alaskan Native, White, and Asian or Pacific Islander populations and lower rates in Hispanic and Black, non-Hispanic populations.

• #1 Cleft lip and palate: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001051.htm

  Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. […] A child may have one or more birth defects and the severity can vary significantly. A cleft lip may be just a small notch in the lip. It may also be a complete split in the lip that goes all the way to the base of the nose. A cleft palate can be on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. It may go the full length of the palate. […] Other symptoms include: Change in nose shape (how much the shape changes varies), Poorly aligned teeth. […] Problems that may be present because of a cleft lip or palate are: Failure to gain weight, Feeding problems, Flow of milk through nasal passages during feeding, Poor growth, Repeated ear infections, Speech difficulties. […] Hearing problems are common in children with cleft lip or palate. Your child should have a hearing test at an early age, and it should be repeated over time. […] Your child may still have problems with speech after the surgery. This is caused by muscle problems in the palate. Speech therapy will help your child.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate

  https://www.marshallhealth.org/services/cleft-lip-and-palate/

  A cleft lip and cleft palate can be diagnosed during pregnancy during a routine ultrasound exam. Or, they may be seen during the first exam by your baby’s healthcare provider. […] Both cleft lip and cleft palate can be fixed with surgery. The first surgery for cleft lip is usually done before a baby is 1 year old, but as early as possible. The first surgery for cleft palate is usually done within the first 18 months after birth, but again as early as possible. […] Beyond the appearance of a cleft lip, other possible complications include: Feeding trouble. Feeding trouble happens more with cleft palate defects. Your baby may not be able to suck properly because the roof of the mouth is not formed completely. Most babies with cleft palate are not able to breastfeed. But they can be fed breast milk with special nipples and bottles. Ear infections and hearing loss. Ear infections are often caused by problems with the tubes that connect the middle ear to the throat (eustachian tubes). Infections that come back again and again can then lead to hearing loss. Speech and language delay. Muscles involved with speech may not work well. This can lead to a delay in speech or odd speech. Talk with your child’s healthcare provider about seeing a speech therapist. Dental problems. The child may have problems with his or her teeth. Your child may need to see an orthodontist. This is a dentist with special training to treat teeth that are out of line and problems with the jaw. […] A baby with just a cleft lip usually does not have trouble feeding. A baby with a cleft palate will need extra support with feeding.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate – ENT Health

  https://www.enthealth.org/conditions/cleft-palate/

  A cleft means a split or separation. A cleft palate refers to the roof of your mouth with or without the lip being split as well. Oral clefts are one of the most common birth defects. […] Symptoms of cleft lip/palate include: A tiny notch in the upper lip, or up to a split that extends into the nose (cleft in the lip) […] Small malformation that results in minimal problems, up to a large separation of the palate that interferes with eating, leaking into the nose, speaking with a nasal-sounding voice, and even breathing (cleft palate) […] The complications of cleft lip and cleft palate can vary greatly depending on the degree and location of the cleft. They can include some or all the following: BreathingWhen the palate and jaw are malformed, breathing becomes difficult. […] FeedingProblems with feeding are more common in cleft children.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-cleft-lip-and-palate.aspx

  Commonly babies with cleft palate may gag, choke, or aspirate the milk while sucking. […] Babies with cleft palates are at higher risk of infections of the middle ear. The clefts lead to building up of fluid in the middle ear leading to loss of hearing. […] Permanent hearing loss may be avoided by appropriate timing of surgical correction of the clefts. […] Children with cleft lips may or may not have too much difficulty with speech. However those with cleft palates may have difficulty in pronouncing certain sounds and have speech and language delays. […] Certain consonants like p, b, t, d, k, g, f, v, s, z, sh, ch are especially difficult to pronounce for these children. In these children the words might sound nasal. […] After cleft-palate repair, most children eventually develop normal speech, although some need speech therapy or additional surgery.

• #1

  https://www.advocatechildrenshospital.com/services/fetal-care/conditions-we-treat/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Signs of a cleft lip or cleft palate include: […] Split on one or both sides of the upper lip, ranging from a notch to a complete separation […] Split on one or both sides of the roof of the mouth. […] In some cases, a baby may have a submucous cleft palate, which is frequently hard to see. The split occurs in the muscles of the soft palate, with the mouths lining covering the cleft. Signs and symptoms of a submucous cleft palate include: […] Bifid (split) uvula, a small piece of tissue that hangs in the back of the throat […] Difficulty swallowing and feeding, with foods or liquids coming out the nose […] Frequent ear infections. […] Cleft lip and palate can cause challenges because of unusual bone and tissue development in the mouth. Repairs can ease these issues but may not completely relieve them.

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/birth/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects in a babys lip and mouth. Babies and children with cleft lip and cleft palate may have feeding, speech, hearing and dental problems. Cleft lip and cleft palate happen very early in pregnancy. Your babys lips form between 4 and 7 weeks of pregnancy, and the palate forms between 6 and 9 weeks of pregnancy. A cleft palate can affect the soft palate (the soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth) or the hard palate (the bony front part of the roof of the mouth). In some babies with cleft palate, both the front and back parts of the palate are open. In other babies, only part of the palate is open. Babies and children with cleft lip or cleft palate may have: Dental problems […] Ear infections and hearing problems […] Feeding problems […] Speech problems. If your baby has either, or both of these conditions, it may be more difficult to breastfeed. Babies with a cleft lip may need some extra time to get started with breastfeeding. Babies with a cleft palate have more trouble sucking and swallowing so they most likely cant feed from the breast. However, you can still feed your baby pumped breast milk from a bottle. In most cases, your baby can have surgery to repair oral clefts. Each baby is different, but its usually best if a baby has surgery for cleft lip before theyre 1 year old and surgery for cleft palate by the time theyre 18 months old. Surgery can help improve the look of a childs face, and it may help with breathing, hearing and speech and language development. Many children need more surgeries for oral clefts as they grow. They also may need care from several providers, like dentists, doctors, speech therapists and surgeons who specialize in taking care of babies with problems caused by cleft lip and palate. With treatment, most children with clefts do well and lead a healthy life.

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_cleft_palate

  Individuals with cleft also face many middle ear infections which may eventually lead to hearing loss. The Eustachian tubes and external ear canals may be angled or tortuous, leading to food or other contamination of a part of the body that is normally self-cleaning. Hearing is related to learning to speak. Babies with palatal clefts may have compromised hearing and therefore, if the baby cannot hear, it cannot try to mimic the sounds of speech. […] Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) can occur as a result of an unrepaired or repaired cleft lip and palate. VPI is the inability of the soft palate to close tightly against the back of the throat during speech, resulting in incomplete velopharyngeal closure. In turn, this results in speech abnormalities. Velopharyngeal closure is necessary during speech because it forms a seal between the nose and mouth, allowing the production of normal speech sounds. VPI can cause hypernasality (excessive nasal resonance), hyponasality (reduced nasal resonance), or a mixed nasal resonance, which is when hypernasality and hyponasality occur simultaneously.

• #1 Submucous Cleft Palate: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24042-submucous-cleft-palate

  Not everyone experiences symptoms of a submucous cleft palate, but it does make your child more at risk for speech problems, ear infections and difficulty feeding as an infant. […] Some of the most common signs and symptoms in a child with a submucous cleft palate are: Feeding problems in infancy, like taking a long time to finish a bottle or nurse, or milk and formula coming out their nose. Frequent ear infections. Trouble making or pronouncing certain sounds. Nasally sounding speech. Air coming out of your child’s nose when they talk. […] Nasally sounding speech and air coming out of their nose are signs of velopharyngeal dysfunction. It happens because the soft palate doesn’t close during speech. This lets air and sound escape through the nose. Not everyone with a submucous cleft palate has velopharyngeal dysfunction, but it’s the most common effect on speech. […] If your child has speech problems, frequent ear infections or had difficulty breast or bottle feeding as an infant, they may have a submucous cleft palate. It’s often hard to spot but can cause symptoms in some children.

• #1 Cleft Lip & Palate | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/cleft-lip-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate can cause problems with: Feeding. Most babies with cleft lip do not have trouble feeding. However, those who have cleft palate—or both cleft lip and cleft palate—often do have trouble feeding. A cleft in the roof of the mouth makes it difficult for the baby to suck forcefully enough to draw milk through a nipple. […] Hearing. Babies with cleft palate are especially vulnerable to frequent ear infections and hearing issues due to the buildup of fluid in the middle ear. This fluid can block sound, making it difficult for the baby to hear. The hearing loss should not be permanent if it is treated properly during infancy and childhood. […] Speech. Children with cleft lip typically have normal or near normal speech. However, children with cleft palate may develop speech a bit more slowly than other children. Before the palate is repaired, the structure of the child’s mouth can make it difficult to form some sounds and words normally. […] Tooth development and alignment. Children with clefts may have problems with dental hygiene and tooth alignment. The number, size, shape and position of both the baby teeth and the adult (permanent) teeth can be affected by the cleft.

• #1 Cleft Palate – Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/cleft-palate-causes-symptoms-complications-and-treatment/

  Cleft Palate/ lip usually occurs when the tissues of the lip/mouth are not formed properly during the early years of the baby. A connection between the nasal cavity and the mouth is observed in the form of a hole, which is known as the cleft palate. […] If it is only a cleft lip, then the baby will not suffer any speech difficulties and feeding. However, if it is a cleft palate, the baby might have to undergo surgery to avoid speech difficulty or any feeding difficulty. […] About 20% of kids who have a cleft palate require further surgeries to help improve their speech. But in the long run, speech generally improves with time. There might be a few cases when kids can develop speech problems even after the palate has been treated. […] Some children with a cleft palate will have speech difficulties due to the structure of the palate. This usually improves with surgery. However, some children might need continuous speech therapy.

• #1 Cleft Lip & Palate Association

  https://www.clapa.com/news-item/research-summary-physical-wellbeing-in-adults-born-with-a-cleft/

  48% of those who completed our survey reported that they were experiencing difficulties with breathing, and 54% of people reported that they snore. […] 61% of people who completed our survey reported waking up with a dry mouth more than 3 days a week, while 17% woke up regularly with headaches and 16% with light-headedness – these all are indicators of sub-optimal breathing. 45% reported feeling excessively tired on a regular basis. […] 45% of our sample reported difficulties with their hearing, which is considerably higher than the UK average of 17%. […] While 35% reported no speech concerns, 51% reported resonance disorders (which is either having too much air (hypernasality) or too little air (hyponasality) coming through the nose when talking), and 11% reported having a voice disorder.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cleft-lip-and-palate/

  A cleft lip and cleft palate can cause a number of issues, particularly in the first few months after birth, before surgery is done. […] Problems can include: difficulty feeding a baby with a cleft lip and palate may be unable to breastfeed or feed from a normal bottle because they cannot form a good seal with their mouth […] hearing problems some babies with a cleft palate are more vulnerable to ear infections and a build-up of fluid in their ears (glue ear), which may affect their hearing […] dental problems a cleft lip and palate can mean a child’s teeth do not develop correctly and they may be at a higher risk of tooth decay […] speech problems if a cleft palate is not repaired, it can lead to speech problems such as unclear or nasal-sounding speech when a child is older. […] Most of these problems will improve after surgery and with treatments such as speech and language therapy. […] The majority of children treated for cleft lip or palate grow up to have completely normal lives. […] Most affected children will not have any other serious medical problems and treatment can usually improve the appearance of the face and problems with feeding and speech.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate | Conditions | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/cleft-lip-palate

  Symptoms of cleft lip and palate may include: […] Crooked, poorly shaped or missing teeth […] Misalignment of teeth and jaw […] Deformities of the upper jaw (maxilla) […] Speech problems […] Unrepaired oronasal fistulae, which is a hole between the mouth and nose cavity […] Alveolar clefts, which are defects in the bone that supports the teeth.

• #1 Cleft Palate And Lip: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cleft-lip-and-palate

  In most cases, the split in the lip that is characteristic of a cleft is the most noticeable sign of the defect. […] Milk may come out of your babys nose while feeding because the barrier between the mouth and nose is abnormal. […] Its also possible for children with a cleft to have dental problems, such as missing teeth or having extra teeth. […] A cleft palate can also trigger frequent middle ear infections and problems with your childs Eustachian tubes. […] Your child may also have problems with speech. This is more common in cases of cleft palate than in cases of cleft lip. Speech problems caused by a cleft are usually characterized by a nasal quality in the voice.

• #1 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  The plastic surgeon repairs the cleft lip shortly after birth, usually at 1 to 6 months of age and repairs the cleft palate by 12 months of age, prior to the child’s first spoken words. Many children with clefts develop hearing problems as a result of chronic ear infections. This problem will require the attention of a pediatric otolaryngologist. […] Each child’s speech development is routinely assessed by the speech and language pathologist. If treatment is needed, the speech pathologist works with the parent, the child and a local speech pathologist. Sometimes additional surgery is needed when speech therapy alone does not improve the child’s ability to speak normally. […] Surgery involves improving the function of the palate and pharynx (throat) where the air needed for sound is directed. Before the child begins school, any significant residual cleft deformities involving the lip and nose are surgically corrected to help minimize the psychological effects of the cleft deformity. Pediatric dental and orthodontic services begin to play a more important role with the development of teeth during the later years of childhood. Surgery to restore the residual cleft in the dental arch is frequently done at this age.

• #1 Cleft Palate – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563128/

  A cleft palate is a common congenital craniofacial condition characterized by an opening or split in the roof of the mouth due to incomplete tissue fusion during fetal development. This condition can affect infants’ feeding and breathing and children’s speech, as the anomaly impairs the separation between the nasal and oral cavities. Infants with a cleft palate often struggle with nasal reflux, forming a secure latch for feeding, and may tire easily during feeding due to increased effort. […] Cleft lip and palate, one of the most common congenital craniofacial abnormalities, is characterized by failure of normal fusion of the palate and lip during development, resulting in a clinically evident discontinuity of the lip or palate at birth. Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CPO) are not only cosmetic deformities but have significant functional morbidity for the newborn without adequate management. CL/P impacts the newborn’s ability to feed in multiple ways, including increased nasal reflux, inability to form an adequate latch, and increased work of feeding, leading to fatigue.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=ut3193

  Watch your baby for problems with choking, gagging, or milk coming out through the nose while feeding. You may be able to use a small plastic plate that fits into the roof of the baby’s mouth while feeding. This blocks the opening so the baby can suck properly. […] Be alert for signs of dehydration. This can develop if your baby is not getting enough breast milk or formula. These signs include fewer wet diapers, sunken eyes with few tears, and a dry mouth with little or no spit.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate: Causes, Types, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/cleft-lip-and-palate

  Cleft lip (a separation in the upper lip) and cleft palate (a split in the roof of the mouth) are the most common types of conditions that affect the skull and face. Each year, the conditions affect one in every 700 babies born in the United States, according to Cleftline. […] Beyond affecting how your child looks, clefts might cause other complications, including: […] If your infant has a cleft lip, you might need to use a special bottle or nipple, or get special instructions for breastfeeding. If your infant has a cleft palate, sucking to eat might be a challenge—your baby might gag, choke, or breathe liquid into their lungs (aspirate) while feeding. […] If your baby has a cleft palate, ear infections and hearing loss are possible because fluid can build up in the middle ear. Getting your child proper treatment when they are an infant or young child can help avoid permanent hearing loss.

• #1 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  While nearly all children with clefts will need braces (orthodontia), a smaller number of children will need orthognatic (jaw) surgery. In these children, the growth of the upper jaw remains behind the lower jaw and the face develops a sunken appearance as the child grows into adolescence. The surgery involves repositioning the jaws to improve the child’s bite and appearance. The oral maxillofacial surgeon carefully plans the surgery with other dental specialists (dentist, orthodontist and prosthodontist) to achieve the best results. Once the facial bones are in correct relationship to each other, the final nose and lip surgeries are completed. […] No single surgery can correct all of your child’s medical conditions. […] Surgical reconstruction of the lip, nose, gum and palate must be timed with the child’s development.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate: Causes, Types, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/cleft-lip-and-palate

  If your child has a cleft lip, you can expect they’ll generally develop normal or near-normal speech by kindergarten or early elementary school. […] If your child has a cleft palate, they might develop speech more slowly. A cleft palate impacts speech because the palate may not function properly to touch the back of the throat when speaking; therefore, air escapes and the voice sounds nasally. Your child might have difficulty producing some consonant sounds. After cleft-palate repair, most children eventually develop normal speech, although some need speech therapy or additional surgery. […] If your child’s cleft extends into the upper gums (which contain the teeth), some primary and permanent teeth might be missing, abnormally shaped, or out of position. Some children with cleft palates also lack teeth. Dental and orthodontic care can help most children who have cleft palates.

• #1 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  The need for further correction is dependent upon how your child’s face develops. Additional surgeries may be needed over time to modify the changes that occur with growth. […] Children may need dental, orthodontic and/or speech therapy. Each of the specialties play an important role during different periods of the child’s growth. Children with clefts will need to be followed from infancy through adolescence.

• #1

  https://www.advocatechildrenshospital.com/services/fetal-care/conditions-we-treat/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Your child may need treatment and therapies for challenges such as: […] Dental problems […] Difficulty forming sounds for speech […] Hearing loss […] Nasal tone of voice […] Social, behavioral and emotional issues due to difficulty coping with a cleft. […] Treatment for clefts includes surgery to close the opening and improve your childs ability to speak, eat and swallow. […] We typically recommend surgeries at certain ages: […] Cleft lip repair from three months of age to six months […] Cleft palate repair before age one. […] We offer therapies to help with complications of cleft lip and cleft palate. Your child can receive these treatments anytime from age two through their late teens.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Surgery | UVA Health Children’s

  https://childrens.uvahealth.com/services/pediatric-plastic-surgery/cleft-palate-cleft-lip

  Oral-Facial Clefts need to be treated to prevent potential complications. Some of the complications include: Feeding problems, especially for a child with cleft palate, Problems with speech development, Dental problems, including missing teeth, especially when cleft lip extends to the upper gum area, Symptoms of middle ear infections, Hearing problems, Symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate Care for Children at Emory Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

  https://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/oral-maxillofacial-surgery/treatments-and-services/cleft-palate-surgery

  Cleft lip and palate can affect a childs appearance and cause frustrating symptoms, such as difficulty with: […] Breathing […] Drinking […] Eating […] Ear infections […] Hearing […] LanguageSpeech […] Teeth.

• #1 Early Signs and Symptoms of Cleft Palate, 3 Types & 3 Stages

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/early_signs_types_and_stages_of_cleft_palate/article_em.htm

  Cleft palate signs and symptoms include speech problems, ear infections, and psychological and social problems. […] A cleft palate is usually visible at birth and may appear as a split in the lip and roof of the mouth (hard palate). It may affect one or both sides of a baby’s face, or not affect the appearance of the face at all. It may also be incomplete with some portion of the bone left intact. […] Signs and symptoms of submucous cleft palate include: Trouble nursing or drinking from a bottle in newborns and babies, Problems swallowing, Ear infections/temporary hearing loss, Nasal speaking voice, Problems with tooth development (small teeth, missing or extra teeth, and crooked teeth), Speech difficulties. […] Cleft palate defects may also result in psychological and social problems for an affected child. The appearance of the cleft palate and associated problems such as speech difficulties may lead to a poor self-image, low self-confidence, depression, anxiety, and difficulty making friends.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are abnormal facial and oral formation that causes openings or splits in the upper lip, palate, or both. An opening or a split in the lip or palate can be identified at birth. They may appear as: A cleft in the lip or palate affecting one or both sides of the face […] Another kind of cleft palate called submucous cleft palate is unnoticeable at birth but as its signs and symptoms develop. The signs and symptoms of submucous cleft palate may include: Feeding problems […] Swallowing problems, such as liquids or food coming out from the nose […] Voice of nasal speaking […] Chronic infections in the ear.

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Usually, a split (cleft) in the lip or roof of the mouth (palate) can be seen right away at birth. It may be found before birth during a prenatal ultrasound. Cleft lip and cleft palate may look like: […] Less often, a cleft occurs only in the muscles of the soft palate, which are at the back of the mouth and covered by the mouth’s lining. This is called a submucous cleft palate. This type of cleft may not be seen at birth and may not be diagnosed until later when signs arise, such as: […] A cleft lip and cleft palate may be seen at birth or may be found on ultrasound before birth. Your healthcare professional can start coordinating care at that time. If your baby has symptoms of a submucous cleft palate, make an appointment with your child’s healthcare professional. […] Having a hard time feeding. […] Nasal speaking voice. […] Constant ear infections. […] Rarely, having a hard time swallowing. Liquids or foods may come out of the nose.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate: Signs and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/lifespan-living/cleft-lip-and-palate-signs-and-treatment

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common birth defects involving the head and neck, and the second most common overall. In the United States, up to 20,000 babies are born with cleft lip or cleft palate each year. […] Babies born with these conditions can live normal and healthy lives. Treatment of these conditions is best when started at a young age. However, it is never too late to seek care. Even older adults can have their clefts repaired. […] Babies born with cleft palate in particular can initially have difficulty with breast feeding. Later, they may have difficulties with speech as well. Ear problems are also common. […] If not treated appropriately, these issues can turn into permanent problems with speech and hearing. […] The good news is that with appropriate care, children with cleft lip and/or palate can expect to have completely normal lives with a good facial appearance and speech.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate: Signs and Treatment | Brown University Health

  https://www.brownhealth.org/lifespan-living/cleft-lip-and-palate-signs-and-treatment

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are treated with surgeries that happen at a very early age. […] Cleft lip repair typically happens before the baby is six months old, and cleft palate repair is done between 12 and 18 months. […] It is also good to know that someone is never too old to have surgery for a cleft disorder.

• #1 Cleft Lip and Palate Diagnosis, Causes, Treatment | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

  https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/cleft-lip-palate

  Surgery is often used to close the lip and palate. Cleft lip surgery is usually done before a babys first birthday, and cleft palate surgery is done before 18 months. If there are other problems as they get older, a child may need additional surgeries, dental and orthodontic care, and speech therapy. With treatment, most children with cleft lip or palate do well and lead a healthy life.

• #1 Cleft lip and cleft palate – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cleft-palate/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370990

  Surgery to correct a cleft lip and cleft palate is based on your child’s situation. Following the initial cleft repair, your healthcare professional may recommend follow-up surgeries to make speech better or make the lip and nose look better. […] Cleft lip and cleft palate surgery takes place in a hospital. Your child will get medicine to go to sleep and not feel pain or be awake during surgery. […] Surgery can improve your child’s quality of life and make your child eat, breathe and talk better. Possible risks of surgery include bleeding, infection, poor healing, widening or raised scars, and short- or long-term damage to other structures. […] Your healthcare professional may recommend more treatment for other functional and structural changes that cleft lip and cleft palate cause, such as: Feeding strategies, such as using a special bottle nipple or feeder. Speech therapy to make it easier to speak. Orthodontic adjustments to the teeth and bite, such as having braces. Monitoring by a pediatric dentist for tooth development and oral health from an early age. Monitoring and treatment for ear infections, which may include ear tubes. Monitoring hearing and providing hearing aids or other devices to a child with hearing loss. Therapy with a psychologist to help the child cope with the stress of repeated medical procedures or other concerns. Regular screening and treatment for health problems is mostly limited to the first two decades of life, but lifelong monitoring may be needed depending on your child’s individual health problems.

• #2 Cleft Lip & Palate | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/cleft-lip-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common birth defects affecting the face. Cleft lip is a separation of the lip, and cleft palate is an opening in the roof of the mouth. Approximately 1 in 600 newborns in the United States has cleft lip and/or cleft palate. […] Cleft lip and cleft palate each have specific symptoms. In cleft lip, the cleft can be a small notch in the lip or a complete separation of not only the lip but also the gumline (alveolar ridge) and the floor of the nose. A cleft can affect one or both sides of the lip. Some children with cleft lip also have a nasal (related to the nose) deformity. […] Like cleft lip, cleft palate varies in how it affects children. A cleft palate is an opening in the roof of the mouth that occurs when the two sides of the palate do not join together before birth. In some cases, the cleft involves only the uvula (the small U-shaped portion of the back of the palate that hangs down into the throat). In other cases, the cleft extends the entire length of the palate from the uvula to the gumline.

• #2 Cleft palate and cleft lip | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/cleft-palate-and-cleft-lip

  A cleft palate or cleft lip (or both) is a birth condition in which parts of the mouth do not join up during early fetal development. […] Cleft conditions vary in severity and extent. […] A cleft lip or cleft palate can be repaired through surgery. […] A baby with a cleft palate needs a specialised approach to support feeding. […] A cleft lip is often detected on ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation, however a cleft palate can be more difficult to detect at this time. […] A thorough examination of a babys face and mouth at birth is required to diagnose the type and severity of the cleft. […] The causes of cleft lip and cleft palate (or both) are unknown, although hereditary (genetic) factors sometimes play a small role. […] A cleft lip or cleft palate (or both) is not caused by anything the parents did or did not do during the pregnancy.

• #2 Cleft Palate – Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/cleft-palate-causes-symptoms-complications-and-treatment/

  Generally, a split (separated) on the lip or the feeling of taste is quickly recognized during childbirth. Cleft palate and lip may show up as: A split in the head of the mouth and the lip (feeling of taste) that impacts one or different sides of the face. […] A split in the head of the mouth that doesn’t impact the presence of the face. […] This sort of split habitually goes unnoticed during the birth and is not observed till the signs appear. Some of the symptoms of submucous cleft palate include: Issue with feedings, Inconvenience in swallowing anything, which might result in liquids or food coming out of the nasal area, Chronic ear disease. […] The following signs are a few symptoms which might be a signal for you to go for surgery for the cleft palate- If a child has a continuous fever above 101.4F (38.5C), If he/she has long-lasting pain or any sense of discomfort, If the child is bleeding heavily from the mouth or nose, If he/she refuses to drink any fluids, If they aren’t wetting their diapers.

• #2

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cleft-lip-and-palate/

  A cleft lip and cleft palate can cause a number of issues, particularly in the first few months after birth, before surgery is done. […] Problems can include: difficulty feeding a baby with a cleft lip and palate may be unable to breastfeed or feed from a normal bottle because they cannot form a good seal with their mouth […] hearing problems some babies with a cleft palate are more vulnerable to ear infections and a build-up of fluid in their ears (glue ear), which may affect their hearing […] dental problems a cleft lip and palate can mean a child’s teeth do not develop correctly and they may be at a higher risk of tooth decay […] speech problems if a cleft palate is not repaired, it can lead to speech problems such as unclear or nasal-sounding speech when a child is older. […] Most of these problems will improve after surgery and with treatments such as speech and language therapy. […] The majority of children treated for cleft lip or palate grow up to have completely normal lives. […] Most affected children will not have any other serious medical problems and treatment can usually improve the appearance of the face and problems with feeding and speech.

• #2 Cleft Palate – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563128/

  A cleft palate is a common congenital craniofacial condition characterized by an opening or split in the roof of the mouth due to incomplete tissue fusion during fetal development. This condition can affect infants’ feeding and breathing and children’s speech, as the anomaly impairs the separation between the nasal and oral cavities. Infants with a cleft palate often struggle with nasal reflux, forming a secure latch for feeding, and may tire easily during feeding due to increased effort. […] Cleft lip and palate, one of the most common congenital craniofacial abnormalities, is characterized by failure of normal fusion of the palate and lip during development, resulting in a clinically evident discontinuity of the lip or palate at birth. Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CPO) are not only cosmetic deformities but have significant functional morbidity for the newborn without adequate management. CL/P impacts the newborn’s ability to feed in multiple ways, including increased nasal reflux, inability to form an adequate latch, and increased work of feeding, leading to fatigue.

• #2 Cleft Palate And Lip: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/cleft-lip-and-palate

  In most cases, the split in the lip that is characteristic of a cleft is the most noticeable sign of the defect. […] Milk may come out of your babys nose while feeding because the barrier between the mouth and nose is abnormal. […] Its also possible for children with a cleft to have dental problems, such as missing teeth or having extra teeth. […] A cleft palate can also trigger frequent middle ear infections and problems with your childs Eustachian tubes. […] Your child may also have problems with speech. This is more common in cases of cleft palate than in cases of cleft lip. Speech problems caused by a cleft are usually characterized by a nasal quality in the voice.

• #2 Cleft Lip & Palate | Riley Children’s Health

  https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/cleft-lip-palate

  Cleft lip and cleft palate can cause problems with: Feeding. Most babies with cleft lip do not have trouble feeding. However, those who have cleft palate—or both cleft lip and cleft palate—often do have trouble feeding. A cleft in the roof of the mouth makes it difficult for the baby to suck forcefully enough to draw milk through a nipple. […] Hearing. Babies with cleft palate are especially vulnerable to frequent ear infections and hearing issues due to the buildup of fluid in the middle ear. This fluid can block sound, making it difficult for the baby to hear. The hearing loss should not be permanent if it is treated properly during infancy and childhood. […] Speech. Children with cleft lip typically have normal or near normal speech. However, children with cleft palate may develop speech a bit more slowly than other children. Before the palate is repaired, the structure of the child’s mouth can make it difficult to form some sounds and words normally. […] Tooth development and alignment. Children with clefts may have problems with dental hygiene and tooth alignment. The number, size, shape and position of both the baby teeth and the adult (permanent) teeth can be affected by the cleft.

• #2 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  The need for further correction is dependent upon how your child’s face develops. Additional surgeries may be needed over time to modify the changes that occur with growth. […] Children may need dental, orthodontic and/or speech therapy. Each of the specialties play an important role during different periods of the child’s growth. Children with clefts will need to be followed from infancy through adolescence.

• #2 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  The plastic surgeon repairs the cleft lip shortly after birth, usually at 1 to 6 months of age and repairs the cleft palate by 12 months of age, prior to the child’s first spoken words. Many children with clefts develop hearing problems as a result of chronic ear infections. This problem will require the attention of a pediatric otolaryngologist. […] Each child’s speech development is routinely assessed by the speech and language pathologist. If treatment is needed, the speech pathologist works with the parent, the child and a local speech pathologist. Sometimes additional surgery is needed when speech therapy alone does not improve the child’s ability to speak normally. […] Surgery involves improving the function of the palate and pharynx (throat) where the air needed for sound is directed. Before the child begins school, any significant residual cleft deformities involving the lip and nose are surgically corrected to help minimize the psychological effects of the cleft deformity. Pediatric dental and orthodontic services begin to play a more important role with the development of teeth during the later years of childhood. Surgery to restore the residual cleft in the dental arch is frequently done at this age.

• #2 Stages of Cleft Lip and Palate Care

  https://www.massgeneral.org/children/cleft-lip-and-palate/stages-of-cleft-lip-and-palate-care

  While nearly all children with clefts will need braces (orthodontia), a smaller number of children will need orthognatic (jaw) surgery. In these children, the growth of the upper jaw remains behind the lower jaw and the face develops a sunken appearance as the child grows into adolescence. The surgery involves repositioning the jaws to improve the child’s bite and appearance. The oral maxillofacial surgeon carefully plans the surgery with other dental specialists (dentist, orthodontist and prosthodontist) to achieve the best results. Once the facial bones are in correct relationship to each other, the final nose and lip surgeries are completed. […] No single surgery can correct all of your child’s medical conditions. […] Surgical reconstruction of the lip, nose, gum and palate must be timed with the child’s development.

• #2 Cleft Palate – Causes, Symptoms, Complications and Treatment | Apollo Hospitals

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/cleft-palate-causes-symptoms-complications-and-treatment/

  Many children might need additional surgeries when they grow up. These additional surgeries can improve the appearance of the face and might also improve hearing, breathing, and speech and language pattern. […] A child might have other health problems, which might include: Breathing problem, Frequent ear infections, Trouble during feeding, A rare chance of hearing loss, Eye problems, Speech difficulties.

• #2 Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Nearly all babies with cleft lip and cleft palate are diagnosed at birth (or even before, through prenatal ultrasound) because the defects are readily apparent. […] In rare cases, a child may have a cleft palate that only involves her soft palate (the fleshy tissue at the back of her mouth) and isn’t evident on an initial visual exam. The first sign of a problem in these babies is usually difficulty feeding (an inability to latch on to the breast or bottle nipple, or to use consistent suction while nursing).

• #2 Submucous Cleft Palate: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/submucous-cleft-palate

  An SMCP can include any, or all, of the following signs: […] A very wide or split (bifid) uvula […] Translucency of the tissue along the middle of the soft palate […] A notch in the back of the hard palate. […] In some cases, an infant may struggle with feeding or display leakage of breastmilk or formula through the nose. […] In other cases, feeding may progress without difficulty, but the child may develop chronic ear infections and effusions (fluid in the middle ear space), often requiring placement of ventilation tubes. […] Finally, an SMCP may be identified when a child’s speech has a nasal quality (hypernasality), either occurring on its own or following adenoidectomy. […] If the speech evaluation confirms the presence of hypernasality or nasal air emission, specialized imaging, such as nasopharyngoscopy, may be recommended to evaluate velopharyngeal (VP) closure.

• #2 Cleft lip and cleft palate | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/cleft-lip-and-cleft-palate

  Usually, a split (cleft) in the lip or roof of the mouth (palate) can be seen right away at birth. It may be found before birth during a prenatal ultrasound. Cleft lip and cleft palate may look like: […] Less often, a cleft occurs only in the muscles of the soft palate, which are at the back of the mouth and covered by the mouth’s lining. This is called a submucous cleft palate. This type of cleft may not be seen at birth and may not be diagnosed until later when signs arise, such as: […] A cleft lip and cleft palate may be seen at birth or may be found on ultrasound before birth. Your healthcare professional can start coordinating care at that time. If your baby has symptoms of a submucous cleft palate, make an appointment with your child’s healthcare professional. […] Having a hard time feeding. […] Nasal speaking voice. […] Constant ear infections. […] Rarely, having a hard time swallowing. Liquids or foods may come out of the nose.

• #2 Cleft Palate With Cleft Lip (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cleft-palate-cleft-lip.html

  Cleft palate repair requires general anesthesia and takes about 2-3 hours. Most babies can go home after 1 or 2 days in the hospital. […] A child with a cleft lip and palate can sometimes have other health problems, such as: fluid buildup behind the ear, trouble feeding, hearing loss, dental problems, speech problems. […] Most kids with cleft lip and palate are treated successfully with no lasting problems.

• #2 Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate | Birth Defects | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/cleft-lip-cleft-palate.html

  Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when a baby’s lip or mouth don’t form properly. […] A cleft lip happens if the tissue making up the upper lip doesn’t join completely before birth, leaving an opening. The opening can be small, or it can go through the lip into the nose. […] A cleft palate happens if the tissue that makes up the palate doesn’t join together completely. For some babies, both the front and back parts of the palate are open. For other babies, only part of the palate is open. […] If the orofacial clefts are not surgically repaired, children with these conditions have problems with feeding and speaking clearly. They may also more often have ear infections and hearing problems, or problems with their teeth. […] Surgery to repair a cleft lip usually occurs in the first few months of life. It is recommended within the first 12 months of life. Surgery to repair a cleft palate is recommended within the first 18 months of life, or earlier if possible. […] Surgical repair can help restore function to the lips and mouth. It may help improve breathing, hearing, and speech and language development.

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