Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lung-cancer-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the US. In 2020, an estimated 228,820 persons were diagnosed with lung cancer, and 135,720 persons died of the disease. […] The most important risk factor for lung cancer is smoking. Smoking is estimated to account for about 90% of all lung cancer cases, with a relative risk of lung cancer approximately 20-fold higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. […] The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes with moderate certainty that annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT has a moderate net benefit in persons at high risk of lung cancer based on age, total cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, and years since quitting smoking.

• #2

  https://scholars.duke.edu/individual/pub1624225

  Lung cancer mortality has been declining since the 1990s largely due to decreases in smoking, yet it remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. […] While effective screening tests have been available for the three other cancers with highest mortality in the United States, specifically breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, lung cancer screening (LCS) has become available only in recent years. […] The National Lung Screening Trial was the first prospective randomized trial to demonstrate that screening individuals at high risk for lung cancer with LDCT could decrease mortality. […] In 2013, the US Preventative Services Task Force provided a grade B recommendation for annual screening for lung cancer using LDCT in adults aged 55 to 80 years with a 30 pack-year smoking history, who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years. […] Ongoing work to refine LCS screening algorithms, identify individuals most likely to benefit from screening, and increase adoption of screening will likely improve its future utility.

• #3 Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. […] The USPSTF recommends using age and smoking history to determine screening eligibility rather than more elaborate risk prediction models because there is insufficient evidence to assess whether risk prediction model-based screening would improve outcomes relative to using the risk factors of age and smoking history for broad implementation in primary care.

• #4 Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lung-cancer-screening

  This recommendation applies to adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. […] The USPSTF recommends screening for lung cancer with annual LDCT in this population. […] The USPSTF recommends using age and smoking history to determine screening eligibility rather than more elaborate risk prediction models because there is insufficient evidence to assess whether risk prediction model-based screening would improve outcomes relative to using the risk factors of age and smoking history for broad implementation in primary care. […] The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years.

• #5 Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. […] The USPSTF recommends using age and smoking history to determine screening eligibility rather than more elaborate risk prediction models because there is insufficient evidence to assess whether risk prediction model-based screening would improve outcomes relative to using the risk factors of age and smoking history for broad implementation in primary care.

• #6 Lung Cancer Screening (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq

  Two randomized trials have reported statistically significant reductions in lung cancer mortality associated with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. One trial reported that screening higher-risk individuals (30+ pack-years and either current smokers or quit within the past 15 years) aged 55 to 74 years three times, once annually, with LDCT reduced lung cancer mortality by 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.8%26.7%; P = .004) and all-cause mortality by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2%13.6%; P = .02) over screening with chest radiographs. […] The other trial reported that among high-risk current and former smokers, men who were randomly assigned to four rounds of LDCT screening had a 24% reduction (95% CI, 6%39%) in lung cancer mortality, compared with men who were randomly assigned to no screening.

• #7 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  If you live in the United States, you can get more information about which areas are most likely to have the potential for elevated radon levels at the following web site: www.epa.gov/radon/epa-map-radon-zones. […] LUNG CANCER SCREENING TESTS […] Researchers have studied, and continue to study, different tests for lung cancer screening. […] Low-dose CT scan — A large, randomized trial (the National Lung Screening Trial [NLST]) in the United States compared the benefits of screening by low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan or standard chest X-ray in heavy smokers. Compared with chest X-ray, low-dose CT scan reduced the risk of death from lung cancer by 20 percent and the overall risk of death by about 7 percent. However, nearly a quarter of the people who had yearly low-dose CT screening for three years had an abnormal test, and more than 95 percent of the abnormal tests were „false positive,” meaning that they did not represent cancer. However, these people still required some sort of follow-up, usually just more imaging. Another large, randomized trial in Europe has also shown the benefit of chest CT scans for reducing lung cancer deaths among smokers and prior smokers.

• #8 Lung Cancer Screening | Moncrief Cancer Institute

  https://www.moncrief.com/lung-cancer-screening

  Early detection of lung cancer changes everything – from the way it’s treated to quality of life and life expectancy. […] Moncrief Cancer Institute offers a low-dose CT lung cancer screening to look for potentially cancerous spots in people who are at the highest risk for developing lung cancer. For those over the age of 55 who have smoked the equivalent of a pack of cigarettes a day for 30 years, the risk for lung cancer is high enough to be screened. […] The primary purpose of a computed tomography (CT) screening is to detect and diagnose lung cancer at an early stage to improve treatment options and effectiveness. […] A study conducted by the National Cancer Institute of more than 50,000 current or former heavy smokers revealed that participants who received low-dose helical CT scans had a 20 percent lower risk of dying from lung cancer than participants who received standard chest X-rays.

• #9 Screening for Lung Cancer | Lung Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/screening/index.html

  The only recommended screening test for lung cancer is low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). […] Lung cancer screening is recommended only for adults who are at high risk for developing the disease because of their smoking history and age. […] That is why lung cancer screening is recommended only for adults who are at high risk for developing the disease because of their smoking history and age, and who do not have a health problem that substantially limits their life expectancy or their ability or willingness to have lung surgery, if needed. […] Lung cancer screening can help find it early, when treatment may work better. […] No matter how long you have used tobacco, quitting can reduce your risk for lung cancer and other chronic diseases.

• #10 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  • You are 50 to 80 years old […] • You have smoked an amount that is equal to at least 1 pack a day for 20 years (for example, 2 packs a day for 10 years or half a pack for 40 years) […] • You still smoke now or quit smoking in the past 15 years […] In addition to your smoking history, you should also consider your overall health (and whether you are healthy enough to undergo treatment if screening would identify the presence of lung cancer) as well as the cost of screening. Medicare and Medicaid will pay the cost of low-dose CT screening in eligible people. However, insurance payments for screening change with time and clinical recommendations, so it is best to check with your plan regarding payment. […] Benefits of screening — The main benefit of screening is that it increases the chances of detecting lung cancer early when it is generally easier to treat and may be curable. This can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer.

• #11 Screening for Lung Cancer — 10 States, 2017 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6908a1.htm

  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung cancer screening for adults aged 55-80 years who have a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history and currently smoke or have quit 15 years ago. […] Public health initiatives to prevent cigarette smoking, increase smoking cessation, and increase recommended lung cancer screening could help reduce lung cancer mortality. […] Annual lung cancer screening is a secondary preventive health care strategy. […] The most effective primary preventive measures for lung cancer are to never start smoking and for smokers to stop cigarette smoking as soon as possible. […] Evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions in the 2008 U.S. Public Health Service clinical guidelines and The Community Guide include advising patients to quit smoking, providing cessation counseling and medications, and connecting patients to other cessation resources such as 1-800-QUIT-NOW.

• #12 Lung Cancer Prevention and Screening

  https://preventcancer.org/preventable-cancer/lung-cancer/

  Screening is recommended for those ages 50–80 with 20 pack-year histories. Guidelines from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend screening for people who currently smoke or those who have quit within the past 15 years. American Cancer Society guidelines say it doesn’t matter when you quit. […] If you smoke cigarettes heavily or used to, get screened for lung cancer based on guidelines and your personal risk factors.

• #13 What doctors wish patients knew about lung cancer screening | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/what-doctors-wish-patients-knew-about-lung-cancer-screening

  Because of the effects of cigarette smoking, the current recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force are that any person between the ages of 50 and 80 who has a 20-pack year history of cigarette smoking should be screened with low dose CT scans on a yearly basis. […] Guidelines issued last year by the American Cancer Society say that how long ago you quit smoking should not be a factor in whether you get screened for lung cancer. Instead, the updated guideline recommends annual lung cancer screening for current and past smokers, 50 to 80 years old with at least a 20-pack year smoking history. […] For patients who are between the ages of 50 and 80 with a 20-pack year history of cigarette smoking who are either smoking now or quit within the past 15 years, yearly low-dose CT scans are recommended.

• #14 Screening for Lung Cancer | Lung Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/screening/index.html

  The only recommended screening test for lung cancer is low-dose computed tomography (also called a low-dose CT scan, or LDCT). […] Lung cancer screening is recommended only for adults who are at high risk for developing the disease because of their smoking history and age. […] That is why lung cancer screening is recommended only for adults who are at high risk for developing the disease because of their smoking history and age, and who do not have a health problem that substantially limits their life expectancy or their ability or willingness to have lung surgery, if needed. […] Lung cancer screening can help find it early, when treatment may work better. […] No matter how long you have used tobacco, quitting can reduce your risk for lung cancer and other chronic diseases.

• #15 Lung Cancer Screening: Questions for the Doctor – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/talking-doctor/lung-cancer-screening-questions-doctor

  More people in the United States die from lung cancer than any other type of cancer. Most people who develop lung cancer (more than 9 in 10) get it from smoking. If you currently smoke, the best way to lower your risk of developing lung cancer is to quit. […] Ask your doctor about getting screened (tested) for lung cancer if all of these apply to you: […] Your doctor may suggest that you get screened once a year with LDCT (low-dose helical computed tomography). LDCT takes detailed pictures of your lungs, which can help find lung cancer early when it may be easier to treat. […] Under the Affordable Care Act, insurance plans must cover lung cancer screening for adults ages 50 to 80 years who are at high risk for lung cancer. That means you may be able to get screened at no cost to you. […] Do you recommend that I get screened for lung cancer? Why or why not? […] What else can I do to lower my risk of lung cancer?

• #16 Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/lung/screening-guidelines

  Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers. It develops when abnormal cells grow in either the lungs or the bronchi (the air tubes that lead to the lungs). […] Screening is done with a scanner that uses X-rays and a computer to combine images for a clear view of your lungs. This is called a low-dose CT scan. During this scan you will lie down on a table that moves you in and out of a machine. This machine will take many pictures. A computer will combine these images to make a detailed 3D picture of your lungs. […] Knowing your risk for getting lung cancer will help you decide whether screening is right for you. A risk factor is anything that increases your chance of getting a disease, such as cancer. Important risk factors for lung cancer include your age, and how many years you have smoked, if any.

• #17 Lung Cancer Screening | Mays Cancer Center

  https://cancer.uthscsa.edu/cancer-care/cancer-prevention-screenings/lung-cancer-screenings

  You may be eligible for yearly lung cancer screening tests if you: Are between 55 and 79 years old, Used to smoke (or currently smoke) a pack a day for 30 years or two packs a day for 15 years, Are a current smoker or quit smoking in the last 15 years. […] Low-dose CT scans are more effective than traditional X-rays in identifying suspicious growths. […] Technology puts the images together to form 3D views of your lungs.

• #18 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  Yearly screening with low-dose CT scan is now recommended by many organizations for persons ages 50 to 80 years who are current or former smokers (who quit within the past 15 years) with a moderate or long smoking history. Guidelines vary among organizations regarding the specific criteria they use, including age and smoking history. […] Chest X-ray — There is no evidence that having an annual chest X-ray helps extend life. In a large study comparing chest X-ray with low-dose CT for lung cancer screening, only CT showed reduced the risk of death. Current expert guidelines recommend against screening people who are at risk with chest X-ray. […] Other tests — Although low-dose CT scanning is the only recommended method of lung cancer screening, experts are studying other tests that may play a future role in lung cancer screening, including sputum tests, positron emission tomography (PET scanning), bronchoscopy, breath testing, and blood tests.

• #19 Lung Cancer Screening (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/lung-screening-pdq

  Based on solid evidence, screening with chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology does not reduce mortality from lung cancer in the general population or in ever-smokers. […] Given the abundance and consistency of evidence, as well as the lack of benefit observed in the PLCO trial, it is appropriate to conclude that lung cancer screening with chest x-ray and/or sputum cytology, regardless of sex or smoking status, does not reduce lung cancer mortality.

• #20 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  Yearly screening with low-dose CT scan is now recommended by many organizations for persons ages 50 to 80 years who are current or former smokers (who quit within the past 15 years) with a moderate or long smoking history. Guidelines vary among organizations regarding the specific criteria they use, including age and smoking history. […] Chest X-ray — There is no evidence that having an annual chest X-ray helps extend life. In a large study comparing chest X-ray with low-dose CT for lung cancer screening, only CT showed reduced the risk of death. Current expert guidelines recommend against screening people who are at risk with chest X-ray. […] Other tests — Although low-dose CT scanning is the only recommended method of lung cancer screening, experts are studying other tests that may play a future role in lung cancer screening, including sputum tests, positron emission tomography (PET scanning), bronchoscopy, breath testing, and blood tests.

• #21 Lung Cancer Screening – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-screening-pdq

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. […] The best way to prevent lung cancer is to not smoke. […] Three screening tests have been studied to see if they decrease the risk of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening with LDCT scans has been shown to decrease the risk of dying from lung cancer in heavy smokers. […] Screening with chest x-rays and/or sputum cytology does not decrease the risk of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening tests for lung cancer are being studied in clinical trials. […] Screening tests have risks. […] Finding lung cancer may not improve health or help you live longer. […] False-negative test results can occur. […] False-positive test results can occur. […] Chest x-rays and CT scans expose the chest to radiation. […] Talk to your doctor about your risk for lung cancer and your need for screening tests.

• #22 Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lung-cancer-screening

  Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not be construed as an official position of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. […] Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in the US. In 2020, an estimated 228,820 persons were diagnosed with lung cancer, and 135,720 persons died of the disease. […] The most important risk factor for lung cancer is smoking. Smoking is estimated to account for about 90% of all lung cancer cases, with a relative risk of lung cancer approximately 20-fold higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. […] The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concludes with moderate certainty that annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT has a moderate net benefit in persons at high risk of lung cancer based on age, total cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, and years since quitting smoking.

• #23 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  LUNG CANCER SCREENING OVERVIEW […] Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. The number of people who die from lung cancer each year is greater than the number of people who die from breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer combined. Several factors increase the risk of lung cancer, but the most important and modifiable risk factor is cigarette smoking. […] This topic review discusses ways to prevent lung cancer and discusses the benefits and risks of screening for lung cancer. More information about lung cancer is available separately. […] PREVENTING LUNG CANCER […] Cigarette smoking is responsible for almost 90 percent of cases of lung cancer; secondhand smoke exposure also increases risk. Environmental exposure to radon (a colorless and odorless gas) is an important and modifiable risk factor for lung cancer among both smokers and non-smokers. In addition, exposure to certain other substances, such as asbestos, has been linked to the development of lung cancer.

• #24 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking; don’t start smoking, or if you already smoke, quit. Some people believe that once they have smoked for a long time, there is little point in quitting. However, studies have shown that smokers who quit decrease their risk of lung cancer when compared with those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke. Quitting smoking can be challenging, but help is available, and your health care provider can support you. […] If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. If radon is present, it’s important and possible to lower the level; radon treatment („mitigation”) professionals can provide guidance on the best way to do this.

• #25 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking; don’t start smoking, or if you already smoke, quit. Some people believe that once they have smoked for a long time, there is little point in quitting. However, studies have shown that smokers who quit decrease their risk of lung cancer when compared with those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke. Quitting smoking can be challenging, but help is available, and your health care provider can support you. […] If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. If radon is present, it’s important and possible to lower the level; radon treatment („mitigation”) professionals can provide guidance on the best way to do this.

• #26 Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening

  The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years. […] All persons enrolled in a screening program who are current smokers should receive smoking cessation interventions. […] The USPSTF has made recommendations on interventions to prevent the initiation of tobacco use in children and adolescents and on the use of pharmacotherapy and counseling for tobacco cessation. […] The USPSTF recommends that screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

• #27 Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lung-cancer-screening

  All persons enrolled in a screening program who are current smokers should receive smoking cessation interventions. […] The decision to undertake screening should involve a thorough discussion of the potential benefits, limitations, and harms of screening. […] The USPSTF recommends discontinuing screening if a person develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. […] Prevention of initiation of smoking and smoking cessation for those who smoke are the most important interventions to prevent lung cancer. […] This recommendation replaces the 2013 USPSTF recommendation on screening for lung cancer. […] The USPSTF recommends that screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

• #28 Screening for Lung Cancer — 10 States, 2017 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6908a1.htm

  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung cancer screening for adults aged 55-80 years who have a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history and currently smoke or have quit 15 years ago. […] Public health initiatives to prevent cigarette smoking, increase smoking cessation, and increase recommended lung cancer screening could help reduce lung cancer mortality. […] Annual lung cancer screening is a secondary preventive health care strategy. […] The most effective primary preventive measures for lung cancer are to never start smoking and for smokers to stop cigarette smoking as soon as possible. […] Evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions in the 2008 U.S. Public Health Service clinical guidelines and The Community Guide include advising patients to quit smoking, providing cessation counseling and medications, and connecting patients to other cessation resources such as 1-800-QUIT-NOW.

• #29 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking; don’t start smoking, or if you already smoke, quit. Some people believe that once they have smoked for a long time, there is little point in quitting. However, studies have shown that smokers who quit decrease their risk of lung cancer when compared with those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke. Quitting smoking can be challenging, but help is available, and your health care provider can support you. […] If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. If radon is present, it’s important and possible to lower the level; radon treatment („mitigation”) professionals can provide guidance on the best way to do this.

• #30 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  The best way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking; don’t start smoking, or if you already smoke, quit. Some people believe that once they have smoked for a long time, there is little point in quitting. However, studies have shown that smokers who quit decrease their risk of lung cancer when compared with those who continue to smoke. Smokers who quit for more than 15 years have an 80 to 90 percent reduction in their risk of lung cancer compared with people who continue to smoke. Quitting smoking can be challenging, but help is available, and your health care provider can support you. […] If you live in an area with high levels of environmental radon, it is important to test for radon in your home; you can buy a kit to test for the presence of radon in your home. If radon is present, it’s important and possible to lower the level; radon treatment („mitigation”) professionals can provide guidance on the best way to do this.

• #31 Lung Cancer Screening Program | Stanford Health Care | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-clinics/lung-cancer-screening-program.html

  Your doctor may recommend screening if you have other risk factors for lung cancer, such as: Exposure to radon, a radioactive gas found in soil or rock, Exposure to cancer-causing substances including asbestos, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, coal smoke, diesel fumes, nickel, silica, and soot, Personal history of other cancers such as lymphomas (cancer of cells that are part of the immune system), head and neck, or esophageal cancers, Personal or family history of lung cancer, History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary fibrosis. […] Lung cancer is the No. 1 cause of death from cancer in the United States today. As with all cancers, early detection provides the best chance for successful treatment. To detect lung cancer as early as possible, the medical community recommends screening using low-dose computed tomography (CT).

• #32 Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention: Early Detection – Wooster Community Hospital

  https://www.woosterhospital.org/lung-cancer-screening-and-prevention-early-detection-saves-lives/

  The single most effective way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking. Quitting at any age reduces the risk of developing lung cancer. […] Exposure to secondhand smoke can also increase the risk of lung cancer. […] Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can accumulate in homes and increase lung cancer risk. […] If you are working in an environment with exposure to carcinogens, like asbestos or diesel exhaust, wear protective gear. […] A balanced diet and regular exercise can strengthen your immune system. This can help your body fight off diseases, including cancer. […] We offer low-dose CT scans as part of our lung cancer screening. Our advanced imaging technology ensures accurate detection, and our experienced radiologists interpret the results with precision. We follow the latest guidelines to provide effective screening for high-risk individuals. […] To schedule your lung cancer screening today and take the first step towards a healthier future, call us today at (330) 263-8297 or use our appointment request form.

• #33 Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention: Early Detection – Wooster Community Hospital

  https://www.woosterhospital.org/lung-cancer-screening-and-prevention-early-detection-saves-lives/

  The single most effective way to prevent lung cancer is to quit smoking. Quitting at any age reduces the risk of developing lung cancer. […] Exposure to secondhand smoke can also increase the risk of lung cancer. […] Radon is a naturally occurring gas that can accumulate in homes and increase lung cancer risk. […] If you are working in an environment with exposure to carcinogens, like asbestos or diesel exhaust, wear protective gear. […] A balanced diet and regular exercise can strengthen your immune system. This can help your body fight off diseases, including cancer. […] We offer low-dose CT scans as part of our lung cancer screening. Our advanced imaging technology ensures accurate detection, and our experienced radiologists interpret the results with precision. We follow the latest guidelines to provide effective screening for high-risk individuals. […] To schedule your lung cancer screening today and take the first step towards a healthier future, call us today at (330) 263-8297 or use our appointment request form.

• #34 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  • You are 50 to 80 years old […] • You have smoked an amount that is equal to at least 1 pack a day for 20 years (for example, 2 packs a day for 10 years or half a pack for 40 years) […] • You still smoke now or quit smoking in the past 15 years […] In addition to your smoking history, you should also consider your overall health (and whether you are healthy enough to undergo treatment if screening would identify the presence of lung cancer) as well as the cost of screening. Medicare and Medicaid will pay the cost of low-dose CT screening in eligible people. However, insurance payments for screening change with time and clinical recommendations, so it is best to check with your plan regarding payment. […] Benefits of screening — The main benefit of screening is that it increases the chances of detecting lung cancer early when it is generally easier to treat and may be curable. This can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer.

• #35 Lung Cancer Early Detection | Lung Cancer Screening | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html

  Before deciding to be screened, people should have a discussion with a health care professional about the purpose of screening and how it is done, as well as the benefits, limits, and possible harms of screening. […] The main benefit of screening is finding the cancer earlier and thus, lowering the chance of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have experience in LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. […] Screening is not a good alternative to stopping smoking. By quitting, people who smoke can lower their risk of getting and dying from lung cancer. […] To get the most benefit from screening, people need to be in fairly good health. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor about all your health issues when deciding if lung cancer screening is right for you.

• #36 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  IS SCREENING WORTHWHILE? […] Screening is a way to detect a disease in its earliest stages, when it is more likely to be treatable or curable. For experts to recommend routine screening for any disease, it must be clear that the screening test is safe and accurate, that screening can detect the disease in the early stages, and that this can reduce the number of people who die from the disease. […] Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan has been shown to decrease the risk of death from lung cancer in people over age 55 years who are heavy smokers or have a long history of smoking. […] WHO SHOULD CONSIDER LUNG CANCER SCREENING? […] Screening is only recommended for people in certain age groups with a smoking history. If all of the following statements apply to you, you may be a candidate for screening with low-dose CT scans:

• #37 NCA – Screening for Lung Cancer with Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) (CAG-00439N) – Decision Memo

  https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/ncacal-decision-memo.aspx?proposed=N&NCAId=274

  The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography in adults ages 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. (B recommendation) […] The evidence is sufficient to conclude that lung cancer screening with LDCT is recommended with a grade B by the USPSTF. […] The NLST demonstrated benefit by enrolling a large number of high exposure patients (smoking history) to be followed for several years to detect a significant decrease (247 deaths from lung cancer per 100,000 person-years in the low-dose CT group and 309 deaths per 100,000 person-years in the radiography group; number needed to screen (NNS) to prevent one lung cancer death = 320).

• #38 Lung Cancer Screening Program | Stony Brook Cancer Center

  https://cancer.stonybrookmedicine.edu/LungCancer/ScreeningProgram

  Early Detection Can Save Lives When lung cancer is found in its earliest stage, survival rates are markedly improved and as high as 90 percent. […] The Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention Program offers an annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan for individuals at high risk. […] Stony Brooks Lung Cancer Screening Program is consistent with the recommendations determined by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. […] We encourage those who are between the ages of 50 and 80 and who smoke and or are former smokers to learn if they qualify for this screening.

• #39 Lung Cancer Screening | St. Charles Health

  https://stcharleshealthcare.org/services/cancer-care/prevention-and-early-detection/lung-cancer-screening

  Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, and if diagnosed early, it is more curable. […] Benefits of screening: Early detection of lung cancer, Higher success of treatment, Reduce risk of dying from lung cancer. […] LDCT is one of the most effective cancer screening tests. […] One life is saved for every 320 people who are screened. […] People who are at increased risk for developing lung cancer: Age 55 to 74, Current smoker or quit less than 15 years ago, 30 or greater pack year history (pack year=number of packs a day X number of years smoked).

• #40 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  Drawbacks of screening — One possible drawback of screening is the risk of getting a „false positive” result. This is when a screening test finds something that looks like it might be cancer but ultimately turns out not to be cancer. False positives can occur with screening with low-dose CT scans. In addition to being stressful and possibly adding expense, this can lead to more imaging tests and/or a lung biopsy, which can be painful and can sometimes leads to problems, such as bleeding or a collapsed lung. In general, though, most false-positive findings are resolved with further imaging alone and do not require biopsy or surgery. […] Some people also worry about radiation exposure. However, the low-dose CT scans used for lung cancer screening expose you to much less radiation than regular CT scans.

• #41 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  Drawbacks of screening — One possible drawback of screening is the risk of getting a „false positive” result. This is when a screening test finds something that looks like it might be cancer but ultimately turns out not to be cancer. False positives can occur with screening with low-dose CT scans. In addition to being stressful and possibly adding expense, this can lead to more imaging tests and/or a lung biopsy, which can be painful and can sometimes leads to problems, such as bleeding or a collapsed lung. In general, though, most false-positive findings are resolved with further imaging alone and do not require biopsy or surgery. […] Some people also worry about radiation exposure. However, the low-dose CT scans used for lung cancer screening expose you to much less radiation than regular CT scans.

• #42 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  Drawbacks of screening — One possible drawback of screening is the risk of getting a „false positive” result. This is when a screening test finds something that looks like it might be cancer but ultimately turns out not to be cancer. False positives can occur with screening with low-dose CT scans. In addition to being stressful and possibly adding expense, this can lead to more imaging tests and/or a lung biopsy, which can be painful and can sometimes leads to problems, such as bleeding or a collapsed lung. In general, though, most false-positive findings are resolved with further imaging alone and do not require biopsy or surgery. […] Some people also worry about radiation exposure. However, the low-dose CT scans used for lung cancer screening expose you to much less radiation than regular CT scans.

• #43 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  Drawbacks of screening — One possible drawback of screening is the risk of getting a „false positive” result. This is when a screening test finds something that looks like it might be cancer but ultimately turns out not to be cancer. False positives can occur with screening with low-dose CT scans. In addition to being stressful and possibly adding expense, this can lead to more imaging tests and/or a lung biopsy, which can be painful and can sometimes leads to problems, such as bleeding or a collapsed lung. In general, though, most false-positive findings are resolved with further imaging alone and do not require biopsy or surgery. […] Some people also worry about radiation exposure. However, the low-dose CT scans used for lung cancer screening expose you to much less radiation than regular CT scans.

• #44 Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/health-care-professionals/american-cancer-society-prevention-early-detection-guidelines/lung-cancer-screening-guidelines.html

  ACS researcher, Bob Smith, PhD, and others propose that expanding screening to people who formerly smoked, with more than 15 years since quitting (YSQ), would reduce deaths from lung cancer and increase life years, and that additional harms could be moderated by restricting recommendations to only those with reasonable life expectancy. […] Authors evaluate cancer risks due to ionizing radiation and find benefit-to-radiation-risk ratios are highly favorable for current low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening. Their results emphasize the importance of using modern CT technologies, maintaining low follow-up rates, and minimizing both screening and follow-up radiation doses. […] Multiple lines of reasoning and evidence have converged to indicate that using the 15 years or less quit-years rule to determine lung cancer screening eligibility should be abandoned.

• #45 Screening for Lung Cancer – National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

  https://www.prevention.va.gov/preventing_diseases/screening_for_lung_cancer.asp

  Research shows lung cancer screening reduces the chance of dying from lung cancer in persons who are older and are heavy smokers or have been heavy smokers. It also reduces the chance of being diagnosed with an advanced lung cancer. […] Lung cancer screening can lead to false alarms (the test finds something, but it is not cancer). These false alarms lead to extra tests, which require extra appointments and trips to the medical center and may cause worry and concern. […] Regardless of your decision about screening, avoiding cigarettes is the most important thing you can do to lower your chance of dying from a variety of diseases, not just lung cancer. Quitting smoking helps to lower your chance of having emphysema and heart and vascular diseases.

• #46 Recommendation: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lung-cancer-screening

  The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with LDCT in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have at least a 20 pack-year smoking history. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years. […] All persons enrolled in a screening program who are current smokers should receive smoking cessation interventions. […] The USPSTF has made recommendations on interventions to prevent the initiation of tobacco use in children and adolescents and on the use of pharmacotherapy and counseling for tobacco cessation. […] The USPSTF recommends that screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

• #47 Final Recommendation Statement: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lung-cancer-screening

  All persons enrolled in a screening program who are current smokers should receive smoking cessation interventions. […] The decision to undertake screening should involve a thorough discussion of the potential benefits, limitations, and harms of screening. […] The USPSTF recommends discontinuing screening if a person develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. […] Prevention of initiation of smoking and smoking cessation for those who smoke are the most important interventions to prevent lung cancer. […] This recommendation replaces the 2013 USPSTF recommendation on screening for lung cancer. […] The USPSTF recommends that screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery.

• #48 Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/health-care-professionals/american-cancer-society-prevention-early-detection-guidelines/lung-cancer-screening-guidelines.html

  People who currently smoke or formerly smoked are at higher risk for lung cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends yearly lung cancer screening with a low-dose CT scan (LDCT) for some of these people. […] The American Cancer Society recommends yearly screening for lung cancer with a low-dose CT (LDCT) scan for people aged 50 to 80 years who: […] People who still smoke should be counseled about quitting and offered interventions and resources to help them. […] Before deciding to be screened, people should have a discussion with a healthcare professional about the purpose of screening and how it is done, as well as the benefits, limits, and possible harms of screening. […] Chief Patient Officer at the American Cancer Society Arif Kamal, MD, MBA, MHS, and CA editor Don Dizon, MD, confirm the need to expand the US population thats recommended for lung cancer screening and the need to accelerate smoking cessation programs.

• #49 Lung Cancer Early Detection | Lung Cancer Screening | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html

  Before deciding to be screened, people should have a discussion with a health care professional about the purpose of screening and how it is done, as well as the benefits, limits, and possible harms of screening. […] The main benefit of screening is finding the cancer earlier and thus, lowering the chance of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have experience in LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. […] Screening is not a good alternative to stopping smoking. By quitting, people who smoke can lower their risk of getting and dying from lung cancer. […] To get the most benefit from screening, people need to be in fairly good health. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor about all your health issues when deciding if lung cancer screening is right for you.

• #50 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  If you have a serious medical condition such as chronic lung, heart, or other disease, the risks of lung cancer screening and its follow-up and treatment, may outweigh the benefits for you. If you are in generally good health, the decision to screen will depend more on your personal values and preferences. Your health care provider can help you figure out if screening is a good choice for you.

• #51 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics/print

  If you have a serious medical condition such as chronic lung, heart, or other disease, the risks of lung cancer screening and its follow-up and treatment, may outweigh the benefits for you. If you are in generally good health, the decision to screen will depend more on your personal values and preferences. Your health care provider can help you figure out if screening is a good choice for you. […] If I decide not to get screened, are there other things I can do to prevent lung cancer or catch it early? […] Yes – you can quit smoking. Over time, your risk of lung cancer will go down. Tell your doctor if you have new or worse symptoms such as coughing, trouble breathing, coughing up blood, chest pain, or weight loss.

• #52 Lung Cancer Screening: Questions for the Doctor – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/doctor-visits/talking-doctor/lung-cancer-screening-questions-doctor

  More people in the United States die from lung cancer than any other type of cancer. Most people who develop lung cancer (more than 9 in 10) get it from smoking. If you currently smoke, the best way to lower your risk of developing lung cancer is to quit. […] Ask your doctor about getting screened (tested) for lung cancer if all of these apply to you: […] Your doctor may suggest that you get screened once a year with LDCT (low-dose helical computed tomography). LDCT takes detailed pictures of your lungs, which can help find lung cancer early when it may be easier to treat. […] Under the Affordable Care Act, insurance plans must cover lung cancer screening for adults ages 50 to 80 years who are at high risk for lung cancer. That means you may be able to get screened at no cost to you. […] Do you recommend that I get screened for lung cancer? Why or why not? […] What else can I do to lower my risk of lung cancer?

• #53 About The New Low-Dose CT Lung Cancer Screening Test | American Lung Association

  https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/saved-by-the-scan

  If lung cancer is caught before it spreads, the likelihood of surviving 5 years or more improves to 64 percent.* […] A study on early detection of lung cancer found that the low-dose cancer screening test can reduce mortality for those at high risk. […] Medicare and many private health insurance plans cover lung cancer screening without cost-sharing, but eligibility criteria varies based on type of plan you have and many plans are currently updating their criteria to match new guidelines. […] He believes that anyone who has loved ones who fit the profile, should get the low-dose CT scan, because it certainly saved his life.

• #54 Patient education: Lung cancer prevention and screening (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-prevention-and-screening-beyond-the-basics

  • You are 50 to 80 years old […] • You have smoked an amount that is equal to at least 1 pack a day for 20 years (for example, 2 packs a day for 10 years or half a pack for 40 years) […] • You still smoke now or quit smoking in the past 15 years […] In addition to your smoking history, you should also consider your overall health (and whether you are healthy enough to undergo treatment if screening would identify the presence of lung cancer) as well as the cost of screening. Medicare and Medicaid will pay the cost of low-dose CT screening in eligible people. However, insurance payments for screening change with time and clinical recommendations, so it is best to check with your plan regarding payment. […] Benefits of screening — The main benefit of screening is that it increases the chances of detecting lung cancer early when it is generally easier to treat and may be curable. This can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer.

• #55 Guide to lung cancer screening | Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/lung-cancer/resources/screening-guide

  The U.S. Preventives Services Task Force (USPSTF), the government body that evaluates cancer screening tools, recommends lung cancer screening for people age 55-80 who have smoked at least 30 pack years, and are either current smokers or quit within the last 15 years. Under the Affordable Care Act, the UPSTF recommendation requires private insurance companies to include the service as an essential covered benefit. […] In addition, Medicare, which provides health care benefits to those 65 and older, will cover lung screenings for people age 55-77 who have smoked at least 30 pack years and are either current smokers or quit within the last 15 years.

• #56 Lung Cancer Early Detection | Lung Cancer Screening | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html

  Before deciding to be screened, people should have a discussion with a health care professional about the purpose of screening and how it is done, as well as the benefits, limits, and possible harms of screening. […] The main benefit of screening is finding the cancer earlier and thus, lowering the chance of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have experience in LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. […] Screening is not a good alternative to stopping smoking. By quitting, people who smoke can lower their risk of getting and dying from lung cancer. […] To get the most benefit from screening, people need to be in fairly good health. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor about all your health issues when deciding if lung cancer screening is right for you.

• #57 Lung Cancer (2016) – Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care

  https://canadiantaskforce.ca/guidelines/published-guidelines/lung-cancer/

  These recommendations apply to adults aged 18 years and older who are not suspected of having lung cancer. These recommendations do not apply to individuals who have a history of lung cancer, or suspected lung cancer. […] The Task Force based the recommendations on the overall balance between the possible benefits and harms of screening for lung cancer, weighing the potential benefits of early disease detection against the harms of overdiagnosis and invasive follow up testing. […] For adults aged 55-74 years with at least a 30 pack-year* smoking history who currently smoke or quit less than 15 years ago, we recommend annual screening with LDCT up to three consecutive times. Screening should ONLY be carried out in health care settings with expertise in early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Weak recommendation; low quality evidence.*pack-year defined as the (average number of cigarette packs smoked daily) x (number of years smoking)

• #58 Guide to lung cancer screening | Cancer Prevention and Risk Assessment | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/lung-cancer/resources/screening-guide

  Lung cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. The best prevention is to quit smoking. Screening for lung cancer can also reduce your risk, and the Lung Cancer Screening Clinic is a special clinic designed to follow the recommendations from the US Preventive Services Task Force to screen high risk patients. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is recommending annual low-radiation CT scans for: Adults aged 50-80 who have a smoked an average of a pack a day for 20 years. Adults who currently smoke or who have quit smoking within the last 15 years. […] It is VERY important to understand that screening for lung cancer is a process, not a single test, so achieving the greatest reduction in your risk of dying from lung cancer requires that you adhere to your doctors recommendations for ongoing scans, typically at yearly intervals, and follow up on any abnormalities.

• #59 Implementing Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention in Academic Centers, Affiliated Network Offices and Collaborating Care Sites

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1820

  Lung cancer is one of the deadliest and yet largely preventable neoplasms. Smoking cessation and lung cancer screening are effective yet underutilized lung cancer interventions. […] In order to control lung cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality, it is important for a health care delivery system to provide and monitor screening and prevention programs including tobacco cessation. […] City of Hope utilizes the NCCN guidelines for lung cancer screening and prevention. […] We follow the NCCN guidelines on smoking cessation, since smoking cessation is conceptually an integral component of cancer care. […] The relationships between these components of the program are pictured in Figure 2. This model following the team leadership with advice of the Department of Population Science allows interactive design of the initiative and modifications, and implementation in Duarte and community sites and a synergistic effect implementing screening and prevention.

• #60 Implementing Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention in Academic Centers, Affiliated Network Offices and Collaborating Care Sites

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1820

  At the academic center, screening with low-dose CT (LDCT), smoking cessation, and patient education are provided. […] At the academic center, LDCT screenings were ordered in 434 patients over a 4 year period, and 424 (98%) completed the procedure. […] One of the issues in lung cancer screening is the excessive use of scans. […] During the Shared Decision-Making Consults, ordering clinicians use checklist and visual tools to discuss the risk and benefits with the patients, address patients’ concerns, and assist patients to determine whether the lung cancer screening is suitable. […] The implementation of the initiative is in progress at Duarte and in community sites, as led by the lung cancer disease team, clinical departments, and the network, regional and individual site leaders, and community center lung cancer champions.

• #61 Implementing Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention in Academic Centers, Affiliated Network Offices and Collaborating Care Sites

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1820

  The most prevalent causative factor for lung cancer is smoking—an estimated 85–90% of patients. Thus, smoking cessation is crucial. […] Smoking cessation programs include a recommendation from a physician to a patient to stop smoking, followed by referral to a smoking cessation program. […] The immediate and long-term benefits of smoking cessation include not only better survival, but also critical positive impact on cancer care, improved success of treatment, reduced recurrence of the primary cancer, less frequent development of new cancers, and less progression of comorbid conditions. […] Importantly, compliance surveys on which contracts and payments are based only infrequently assess lung cancer screening and prevention activities. […] We hope our experience will help contribute to improved patient outcomes and increase tobacco control.

• #62 Lung Cancer Early Detection | Lung Cancer Screening | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html

  Before deciding to be screened, people should have a discussion with a health care professional about the purpose of screening and how it is done, as well as the benefits, limits, and possible harms of screening. […] The main benefit of screening is finding the cancer earlier and thus, lowering the chance of dying from lung cancer. […] Screening should only be done at facilities that have the right type of CT scanner and that have experience in LDCT scans for lung cancer screening. […] Screening is not a good alternative to stopping smoking. By quitting, people who smoke can lower their risk of getting and dying from lung cancer. […] To get the most benefit from screening, people need to be in fairly good health. […] It’s important to talk to your doctor about all your health issues when deciding if lung cancer screening is right for you.

• #63 Screening for Lung Cancer — 10 States, 2017 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6908a1.htm

  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung cancer screening for adults aged 55-80 years who have a 30 pack-year cigarette smoking history and currently smoke or have quit 15 years ago. […] Public health initiatives to prevent cigarette smoking, increase smoking cessation, and increase recommended lung cancer screening could help reduce lung cancer mortality. […] Annual lung cancer screening is a secondary preventive health care strategy. […] The most effective primary preventive measures for lung cancer are to never start smoking and for smokers to stop cigarette smoking as soon as possible. […] Evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions in the 2008 U.S. Public Health Service clinical guidelines and The Community Guide include advising patients to quit smoking, providing cessation counseling and medications, and connecting patients to other cessation resources such as 1-800-QUIT-NOW.

• #64 Screening for Lung Cancer — 10 States, 2017 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6908a1.htm

  Public health initiatives to prevent cigarette smoking, increase smoking cessation, and increase lung cancer screening among those who meet USPSTF criteria could help reduce lung cancer mortality. […] Efforts to educate health care providers regarding the benefits of lung cancer screening and to provide decision support tools might increase appropriate and timely lung cancer screening.

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