Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Lobular carcinoma in situ – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobular_carcinoma_in_situ

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is identified in 0.5% to 1.5% of benign breast biopsies. […] The incidence of LCIS in women without prior history of breast neoplasia has increased from 0.90 per 100,000 persons in 1980 to 3.19 per 100,000 persons in 1998 but this is likely due to the increased frequency of mammography as a screening tool. […] LCIS is an indicator (marker) for increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer in women. This risk extends more than 20 years. […] The relative risk of developing invasive carcinoma after LCIS diagnosis is 8-10 times greater than in the general population. […] LCIS is identified in 1.8% to 2.5% of all breast biopsies (including those that show histologic evidence of other lobular or ductal neoplasia.

• #2 Lobular Carcinoma In-Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cbcn.ca/en/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) describes a condition in which there is abnormal cell growth in the lining on the lobules that dont invade the wall of the lobules. […] Research shows that LCIS is found in about 0.5% to 1.5% of benign breast biopsies and in about 1.8% to 2.5% of all breast biopsies. […] LCIS has also been shown to occur at higher rates in premenopausal women at an average age of 49 at diagnosis. […] While LCIS is a benign condition and is not considered to be breast cancer, having LCIS puts a person at an approximately 7 to 12 times higher risk of later developing invasive breast cancer. […] For women diagnosed with LCIS, the risk of developing breast cancer in 10 years is 10% and after 20 years of an LCIS diagnosis, the risk is 20%. […] Following a diagnosis of classic LCIS, the risk of going on to develop invasive carcinoma is about 9 to 10 times higher as compared to the general population.

• #3 Recommendations for Women With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/recommendations-women-lobular-carcinoma-situ-lcis

  Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represent a spectrum of breast disease referred to as „lobular neoplasia” (LN). […] Although LN occurs relatively infrequently, it is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, ranging from a three- to four-fold increased risk with ALH up to an eight- to ten-fold increased risk with LCIS. […] Today, a diagnosis of LCIS remains one of the greatest identifiable risk factors for the subsequent development of breast cancer. […] LCIS is typically an incidental finding in a breast biopsy performed for another reason. […] The true incidence of LCIS in the population has been difficult to ascertain. […] Population-based data reported to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) from 1978 to 1998 demonstrate a much lower incidence-3.19 per 100,000 women-yet during this time there was an observed four-fold increase in the number of LCIS cases reported among women over 40 years of age.

• #4

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1019950918046

  Estimating the incidence of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast is challenging because it lacks both clinical and mammographic signs and is usually an incidental finding in breast biopsies performed for other reasons. […] Overall, LCIS incidence rates increased fourfold (95% confidence interval, 2.95-5.6) over the study period. […] LCIS incidence rates have steadily increased from 1978 to 1998 only among postmenopausal women. Further research is required to assess what factors are contributing to these trends.

• #5 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Based on data from nine population-based registries that were part of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, LCIS incidence rates increased fourfold between 1987 and 1999, with a particularly notable increase in postmenopausal women. […] Therefore, a woman’s risk should be reassessed periodically so that decisions regarding screening and risk-reduction approaches can be optimized.

• #6 Trends in incidence and management of lobular carcinoma in situ: a population-based analysis – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23846782/

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a marker of increased risk of breast cancer. Current guidelines do not recommend mastectomy as a strategy for risk reduction for most patients with LCIS. We conducted a population-based study to evaluate national trends in incidence and management of LCIS. […] We identified 14,048 patients diagnosed with LCIS from 2000 to 2009. The rate of LCIS incidence increased from 2.0 per 100,000 in 2000 to 2.75 per 100,000 in 2009 (38 % increase). […] The proportion of women with LCIS to receive mastectomy increased by 50 % from 2000 to 2009 (p 0.01). […] This is the first population-based analysis evaluating patterns and trends in surgical management of LCIS. Despite current recommendations, risk-reduction surgery is increasingly performed in the United States for women with LCIS.

• #7 Lobular carcinoma in situ – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobular_carcinoma_in_situ

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is identified in 0.5% to 1.5% of benign breast biopsies. […] The incidence of LCIS in women without prior history of breast neoplasia has increased from 0.90 per 100,000 persons in 1980 to 3.19 per 100,000 persons in 1998 but this is likely due to the increased frequency of mammography as a screening tool. […] LCIS is an indicator (marker) for increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer in women. This risk extends more than 20 years. […] The relative risk of developing invasive carcinoma after LCIS diagnosis is 8-10 times greater than in the general population. […] LCIS is identified in 1.8% to 2.5% of all breast biopsies (including those that show histologic evidence of other lobular or ductal neoplasia.

• #8 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast: is long-term outcome similar to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)? Analysis of 200 cases | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-015-0379-7

  Lobular carcinomas in situ (LCIS) represent 1-2% of all breast cancers. Both significance and treatment remain widely debated, as well as the possible similarities with DCIS. […] LCIS is not always an indolent disease. The long-term outcome is quite similar to most ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS). The main problems are the accuracy of pathological definition and a clear identification of more aggressive subtypes, in order to avoid further invasive LR. BCS+WBRT should be discussed in some selected cases, and the long-term results seem comparable to DCIS. […] Due in large part to increased mammographic screening, DCIS incidence increased 7.2 fold in the USA from 1980 to 2001 and LCIS 2.6 fold. Similar trends were observed in other Western countries. […] For many years, LCIS (only representing 1-2% of all breast cancers) has just been considered a marker of risk for subsequent (in situ or invasive) cancer in both breasts.

• #9 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast/

  Rising rates of all lobular pathology through 2002, as well as their subsequent fall, may be related to changing patterns of combined estrogen and progestin menopausal hormone therapy (CHT) use. […] It has been hypothesized that abrupt cessation in CHT use is at least partially responsible for the decline in total breast cancer rates after 2002 observed in the United States and may account for the drop in ILC and LCIS incidence rates since 2002 primarily among women most likely to be CHT users, those 50 to 69 years of age. […] Despite this finding, Wellings and colleagues reported that some human mammary lobules persist after menopause and certain atypical lobules are morphologically similar to preneoplastic alveolar nodules that occur in strains of mice with a propensity for developing mammary carcinoma. […] These findings might help explain why ILC rates are highest among women 70 years of age and older.

• #10 Lobular carcinoma in situ | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2525252525252527%252525252525255B0%252525252525255D%2525252525252527%252525252525255B0%252525252525255Dfavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Lobular carcinoma in situ occurs predominantly in premenopausal women with a mean age of 45 years old, approximately 10-15 years younger than the mean age when invasive breast carcinoma occurs. […] Lobular carcinoma in situ is a high-risk marker for the future development of invasive carcinoma. A woman with LCIS has approximately a 15-30% chance of developing an infiltrating ductal or lobular carcinoma in the breast in which the LCIS is discovered or in the contralateral breast. […] Approximately 20% (range 18-25%) of cases diagnosed with LCIS at core needle biopsy were upgraded to more invasive cancer pathologies at surgical excision. Therefore when LCIS is discovered on a needle biopsy specimen, an excisional biopsy should be performed.

• #11 Case: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-lcis

  LCIS is seen most often in premenopausal women (mean age of 49 years). In postmenopausal women, long-term HRT use is associated with the risk of developing LCIS. […] The management of LCIS is currently evolving and varies across institutions, with some recommending surgical excision and others surveillance. This is related to the variable upstaging rate of LCIS to invasive breast cancer or to DCIS, which ranges from 2% to 25%. […] According to 2023 NCCN guidelines, a core biopsy showing classic LCIS can be managed without surgical excision, which should be considered on a case-by-case basis. If excision is not performed, the patient is recommended to undergo close follow-up with mammogram and breast MRI screening. […] Chemoprevention with selective estrogen receptor modulars or aromatase inhibitors can reduce the risk of breast cancer in patients with LCIS.

• #12 Lobular carcinoma in situ | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ?embed_domain=external.radpair.com%2525252525252527%252525252525255B0%252525252525255D%2525252525252527%252525252525255B0%252525252525255Dfavicon.ico&lang=gb

  Lobular carcinoma in situ occurs predominantly in premenopausal women with a mean age of 45 years old, approximately 10-15 years younger than the mean age when invasive breast carcinoma occurs. […] Lobular carcinoma in situ is a high-risk marker for the future development of invasive carcinoma. A woman with LCIS has approximately a 15-30% chance of developing an infiltrating ductal or lobular carcinoma in the breast in which the LCIS is discovered or in the contralateral breast. […] Approximately 20% (range 18-25%) of cases diagnosed with LCIS at core needle biopsy were upgraded to more invasive cancer pathologies at surgical excision. Therefore when LCIS is discovered on a needle biopsy specimen, an excisional biopsy should be performed.

• #13 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-lcis

  LCIS is more common in women between 45 and 50 years of age. Around 745 people are diagnosed with LCIS each year in the UK. […] Your doctor might suggest that you have regular monitoring because there is an increased risk of breast cancer. They might call this close observation or careful observation. […] Research has focused on trying to find genetic changes that might increase the risk of developing LCIS. Trials have shown that some of the known genetic changes that increase the risk of breast cancer, also increase the risk of developing LCIS.

• #14 Understanding Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/lcis-lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): Its something most women have never heard of a benign, invisible breast condition with no symptoms but a diagnosis greatly increases your risk for breast cancer. […] LCIS is rare: Between 2007-2011, it was diagnosed in about four out of 100,000 women between in the United States, and it is found in up to four percent of all breast biopsy samples. Incidence is greatest in women aged 40 to 60. […] LCIS is not generally thought to be a precursor to invasive breast cancer. They are more accepted as a marker of increased risk of invasive breast cancer, similar to age or family history. Women who develop breast cancer after an LCIS diagnosis can be diagnosed with either invasive lobular or ductal carcinoma, which can grow in the same breast as the LCIS or in the other breast.

• #15 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21791-lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-lcis

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a rare breast condition. It causes abnormal cells in your lobules the glands in your breasts that produce breast milk. LCIS isnt breast cancer but it does increase the chance youll have breast cancer. […] Having LCIS doesnt mean you have a serious illness. But a diagnosis of LCIS does increase the chance that youll develop breast cancer later on. […] No, its not. But how common it is varies based on sex. It affects between 4 and 11 per 100,000 females. Its even less common in males, at 1 in 100,000. […] While it doesnt happen often, lobular carcinoma in situ may develop into ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular breast cancer. Studies show that 1 in 10 people with LCIS develop DCIS or lobular breast cancer. […] Your treatment depends on the type of LCIS. For example, if you have classic LCIS, your healthcare provider may recommend active surveillance or preventive therapy. If you have pleomorphic or florid LCIS, you may need surgery.

• #16 Risk of second breast cancers after lobular carcinoma in situ according to hormone receptor status | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176417

  Of the 10,304 women with primary LCIS included in this study, 9949 (96.5%) patients had HR+ tumors, and 355 (3.5%) had HR- tumors. […] This population-based study demonstrated that the risk of second breast cancers was significantly increased in women with HR- first LCIS compared to those with HR+ LCIS. These findings warrant intensive surveillance for second breast cancers in HR- LCIS survivors. […] Although subsequent breast cancer risk after primary lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) has been studied intensively, whether the risk of second breast cancer after first LCIS varies with hormone receptor (HR) status of primary tumor remains unclear. […] Similar to invasive lobular breast cancer, LCIS also has different subtypes according to biomarker profiling such as HR status. […] Prior studies have demonstrated that the risk of second contralateral breast cancer after first primary invasive breast cancer varied with HR status of primary tumor; they found that HR negative invasive ductal or lobular breast cancer women had a significantly higher risk of developing second contralateral breast cancer than women with HR positive invasive breast cancer.

• #17 Contemporary management of ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ – Obeng-Gyasi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/10361/html

  The implementation of population-based screening in North America and Europe has resulted in a marked increase in the incidence of in situ cancers (1,7). […] In literature from the United States, the incidence of LCIS on open surgical biopsy is between 0.5% and 3.8% and ranges from 0.02% to 3.3% on core needle biopsies (10-12). Population screening data from South Australia detected LCIS in 5.3% of in situ specimens (13). […] Estimates from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) in the United States reports that DCIS represents 24.9% of all cancers detected on screening (14). […] In China, where population-based screening is still not widely practiced, Si et al. in their 20-year review noted only 2.4% of the 4,968 sample population were diagnosed with DCIS/LCIS (18). […] The risk factors for the development of in situ and invasive cancers are similar. These factors include family history and genetic predisposition, increased mammographic breast density and a history of atypia on breast biopsy (1).

• #18

  https://step2.medbullets.com/oncology/120424/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-lcis

  lifetime risk is 1% per year. […] Risk factors […] age 40 years […] family history of breast cancer […] hormone replacement therapy. […] LCIS cells are usually estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive and HER2/neu-negative. […] Symptoms […] asymptomatic […] breast lump. […] Mammography […] indications […] regular screening for all women 40-50 years of age […] screening of contralateral breast in LCIS patients […] LCIS often bilateral in the same quadrant […] need to do mammography of the contralateral breast at regular intervals. […] findings […] LCIS not readily visible on mammography. […] Development of invasive carcinoma. […] Very good […] majority of women with LCIS will not develop invasive breast cancer.

• #19 Understanding Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/lcis-lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  The average risk of a woman developing breast cancer in her lifetime is 12 percent. That risk increases to 20 to 30 percent if a woman has been diagnosed with LCIS. The younger a woman is at diagnosis, the higher the risk. […] Other risk factors for LCIS include being over 40 years of age, using a combination (estrogen and progestin) hormone replacement therapy for more than three to five years after menopause, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. These factors are also associated with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer. […] Because of the elevated cancer risk, doctors may recommend more frequent mammogram, ultrasound, and MRI screenings to ensure any cancer that develops is caught at its earliest stage. […] Because no diagnostic tools currently exist that reliably predict who will develop invasive breast cancer after an LCIS diagnosis, it is likely that some women with LCIS are undertreated, and some women are overtreated. Neither scenario is ideal so improving strategies for diagnosis is imperative.

• #20 Case: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-lcis

  LCIS is seen most often in premenopausal women (mean age of 49 years). In postmenopausal women, long-term HRT use is associated with the risk of developing LCIS. […] The management of LCIS is currently evolving and varies across institutions, with some recommending surgical excision and others surveillance. This is related to the variable upstaging rate of LCIS to invasive breast cancer or to DCIS, which ranges from 2% to 25%. […] According to 2023 NCCN guidelines, a core biopsy showing classic LCIS can be managed without surgical excision, which should be considered on a case-by-case basis. If excision is not performed, the patient is recommended to undergo close follow-up with mammogram and breast MRI screening. […] Chemoprevention with selective estrogen receptor modulars or aromatase inhibitors can reduce the risk of breast cancer in patients with LCIS.

• #21 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/breast-cancer/types/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-lcis

  LCIS is more common in women between 45 and 50 years of age. Around 745 people are diagnosed with LCIS each year in the UK. […] Your doctor might suggest that you have regular monitoring because there is an increased risk of breast cancer. They might call this close observation or careful observation. […] Research has focused on trying to find genetic changes that might increase the risk of developing LCIS. Trials have shown that some of the known genetic changes that increase the risk of breast cancer, also increase the risk of developing LCIS.

• #22 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ | LCIS | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ.html

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a type of breast change that is sometimes seen when a breast biopsy is done. In LCIS, cells that look like cancer cells are growing in the lining of the milk-producing glands (lobules) of the breast, but they dont invade through the wall of the lobules. […] LCIS is not considered cancer, and it typically does not spread beyond the lobule (that is, it doesn’t become invasive breast cancer) if it isnt treated. But having LCIS does increase your risk of later developing an invasive breast cancer in either breast. […] Women with LCIS have about a 7 to 12 times higher risk of developing invasive cancer in either breast. For this reason, doctors typically recommend that women with LCIS have regular breast cancer screening tests and follow-up visits with a health care provider for the rest of their lives.

• #23 Recommendations for Women With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/recommendations-women-lobular-carcinoma-situ-lcis

  A diagnosis of LCIS is one of the greatest identifiable risk factors for the subsequent development of breast cancer. […] Compared to the general population, women with LCIS have an eight-fold to ten-fold increased risk of breast cancer. […] The presence of shared molecular alterations in LCIS and co-existing invasive lobular carcinoma have led some investigators to suggest that LN is a nonobligate precursor of low-grade invasive breast cancer. […] Surveillance is the minimum necessary action for women in whom LCIS is diagnosed. […] Recommendations from the NCCN Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Clinical Practice Guidelines include annual mammography and clinical breast exam every 6 to 12 months. […] Although the lifetime risk for an individual woman with LCIS may exceed 20% (depending on age at diagnosis), the American Cancer Society guidelines for MRI screening do not support routine use of MRI in this setting.

• #24 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast/

  LCIS is a marker for the development of invasive carcinoma, but the location for that subsequent cancer is not confined to the site at which LCIS was found. […] Actually, LCIS is a significant breast cancer risk factor for subsequent cancer in both breasts and with either ductal or lobular histology. […] Women diagnosed with LCIS are typically quoted to have an 8- to 10-fold increased lifetime risk for developing breast cancer in both the ipsilateral and the contralateral breast. […] The absolute risk of breast cancer after LCIS is 20% to 25% after 20 years. […] A more recent publication from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center examining 29 years of clinical surveillance reported a 15.8% rate of subsequent breast cancer development among 1060 women diagnosed previously with LCIS.

• #25 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) | Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/risk-factor/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  Most cases of LCIS occur before menopause. The average age at diagnosis is 44-46 years. Women with LCIS have an increased risk of invasive breast cancer. Compared to women without LCIS, those with LCIS are 7-11 times more likely to develop invasive cancer in either breast (the breast with LCIS or the opposite breast). Women diagnosed with LCIS have about a 10% chance of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer in 10 years […] about a 20% chance of developing DCIS or invasive breast cancer in 20 years. Women with LCIS can develop invasive lobular cancer or invasive ductal cancer. In the past, LCIS was not considered to be a precursor (a condition that can develop into) to breast cancer. However, some studies show LCIS may develop into invasive lobular cancer (invasive breast cancer that begins in the lobules). There are special breast cancer screening guidelines for women with LCIS who also have a 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends women with LCIS who also have a 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer: Have a clinical breast exam and risk assessment every 6-12 months, starting at age 25

• #26 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The increased breast cancer risk conferred by a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is poorly understood. Here, we review our 29-year longitudinal experience with LCIS to evaluate factors associated with breast cancer risk. […] Compared with the general population, women with LCIS have a seven- to 10-fold increase in breast cancer risk, and studies with long-term follow-up report variable absolute risks of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, ranging from 11% to 28% at 15 years, with a persistent risk over time. […] We observed a 2% annual incidence of breast cancer among women with LCIS. […] The lower breast cancer incidence in women opting for chemoprevention highlights the potential for risk reduction in this population. […] Among the 1,032 women undergoing surveillance with or without chemoprevention, 150 (14%) developed 168 breast cancers.

• #27 Case: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-lcis

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a noninvasive lesion of the breast considered to be a nonobligate precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma. The pathologic definition is proliferation of atypical cells filling and distending at least half of the acini in the lobular unit. In patients diagnosed with primary LCIS, there is a 7.1% incidence of invasive breast cancer at 10 years, with nearly identical incidence in ipsilateral versus contralateral breasts. […] LCIS has been described as clinically occult. It is found to be multicentric in most cases and is often bilateral. Typically, an incidental finding on a biopsy performed for a separate reason, studies report the incidence of LCIS as 0.8-3.8% in open surgical biopsies and 0.02-3.3% of image-guided core needle biopsies. There is a much lower incidence demonstrated in population-based data.

• #28 Lobular Carcinoma In-Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cbcn.ca/en/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) describes a condition in which there is abnormal cell growth in the lining on the lobules that dont invade the wall of the lobules. […] Research shows that LCIS is found in about 0.5% to 1.5% of benign breast biopsies and in about 1.8% to 2.5% of all breast biopsies. […] LCIS has also been shown to occur at higher rates in premenopausal women at an average age of 49 at diagnosis. […] While LCIS is a benign condition and is not considered to be breast cancer, having LCIS puts a person at an approximately 7 to 12 times higher risk of later developing invasive breast cancer. […] For women diagnosed with LCIS, the risk of developing breast cancer in 10 years is 10% and after 20 years of an LCIS diagnosis, the risk is 20%. […] Following a diagnosis of classic LCIS, the risk of going on to develop invasive carcinoma is about 9 to 10 times higher as compared to the general population.

• #29 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The increased breast cancer risk conferred by a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is poorly understood. Here, we review our 29-year longitudinal experience with LCIS to evaluate factors associated with breast cancer risk. […] Compared with the general population, women with LCIS have a seven- to 10-fold increase in breast cancer risk, and studies with long-term follow-up report variable absolute risks of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, ranging from 11% to 28% at 15 years, with a persistent risk over time. […] We observed a 2% annual incidence of breast cancer among women with LCIS. […] The lower breast cancer incidence in women opting for chemoprevention highlights the potential for risk reduction in this population. […] Among the 1,032 women undergoing surveillance with or without chemoprevention, 150 (14%) developed 168 breast cancers.

• #30 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The increased breast cancer risk conferred by a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is poorly understood. Here, we review our 29-year longitudinal experience with LCIS to evaluate factors associated with breast cancer risk. […] Compared with the general population, women with LCIS have a seven- to 10-fold increase in breast cancer risk, and studies with long-term follow-up report variable absolute risks of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, ranging from 11% to 28% at 15 years, with a persistent risk over time. […] We observed a 2% annual incidence of breast cancer among women with LCIS. […] The lower breast cancer incidence in women opting for chemoprevention highlights the potential for risk reduction in this population. […] Among the 1,032 women undergoing surveillance with or without chemoprevention, 150 (14%) developed 168 breast cancers.

• #31 Lobular neoplasia: morphology, biological potential and management in core biopsies | Modern Pathology

  https://www.nature.com/articles/modpathol201035

  The majority of invasive carcinomas that subsequently occur in cases of lobular neoplasia are ductal, no special type. But invasive lobular carcinomas constitute up to 45% of subsequent carcinomas; this is in sharp contrast to the expected rate (5-14%) of invasive lobular carcinomas in the general population. […] The data clearly show that lobular neoplasia can behave both as a high-risk lesion and as a non-obligate precursor. But given the long latency period to progression, conservative management of these lesions when identified in excision specimens remains the mainstay of treatment. […] Finally, the management of lobular neoplasia when diagnosed on core biopsy remains a controversial issue. But there is general agreement that patients who have a diagnosis of a variant of LCIS on core biopsy should undergo immediate excision.

• #32 Does lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) affect biology of future breast cancer? Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database review. – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT102738

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a recognized risk factor of breast cancer. Patients with LCIS were 7,258 with 547 (7.5%) developing breast cancer subsequently. The mean (SD) time to develop breast cancer after LCIS was 68 (2.14) months. The median tumor size was 1.3 and 1.8 cm in groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). Grade 1 and 2 tumors were 78.5% and 60.8% in groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). Local disease alone was seen in 70% and 61% of groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). ER-PR negative tumor was seen in 14.9% and 24.5 % in groups A and B (p0.0001). On univariate analysis, 5 year cancer specific survival was 91% and 85% in groups A and B respectively (p 0.0001). A history of LCIS per se is not an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Breast cancer diagnosed after prior LCIS has favorable features like smaller tumor, lower grade, earlier stage and less ER-PR negativity. […] Unlike grade, hormone receptor status and stage, prior history of LCIS was not an independent predictor of survival on multivariate analysis.

• #33 Does lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) affect biology of future breast cancer? Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database review. – ASCO

  https://www.asco.org/abstracts-presentations/ABSTRACT102738

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a recognized risk factor of breast cancer. Patients with LCIS were 7,258 with 547 (7.5%) developing breast cancer subsequently. The mean (SD) time to develop breast cancer after LCIS was 68 (2.14) months. The median tumor size was 1.3 and 1.8 cm in groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). Grade 1 and 2 tumors were 78.5% and 60.8% in groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). Local disease alone was seen in 70% and 61% of groups A and B respectively (p0.0001). ER-PR negative tumor was seen in 14.9% and 24.5 % in groups A and B (p0.0001). On univariate analysis, 5 year cancer specific survival was 91% and 85% in groups A and B respectively (p 0.0001). A history of LCIS per se is not an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. Breast cancer diagnosed after prior LCIS has favorable features like smaller tumor, lower grade, earlier stage and less ER-PR negativity. […] Unlike grade, hormone receptor status and stage, prior history of LCIS was not an independent predictor of survival on multivariate analysis.

• #34 Clonal relationships between lobular carcinoma in situ and other breast malignancies | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-016-0727-z

  Recent evidence suggests that lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) can be a clonal precursor of invasive breast cancers of both the ductal and lobular phenotypes. […] These data derived from women with LCIS with or without invasive cancer confirm that LCIS is commonly the clonal precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma and that distinct foci of LCIS frequently share a clonal origin, as do foci of LCIS and ductal carcinoma in situ. […] In current practice, a diagnosis of LCIS is typically perceived as a risk factor rather than a precursor of subsequent carcinoma, and, as such, radical treatment has fallen out of favor. […] Yet, molecular data demonstrating that LCIS is a clonal neoplastic proliferation that commonly harbors the same genetic aberrations as those found in adjacent invasive cancers have reinstated the notion that LCIS is both a nonobligate precursor and a risk factor for invasive breast cancer.

• #35 Contemporary management of ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ – Obeng-Gyasi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/10361/html

  As indicated above, LCIS is considered both a high-risk lesion and a non-obligate precursor which confers a 10-20% risk for development of breast cancer (9,103). […] The 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of LCIS recommend surgical excision for LCIS diagnosed on CNB (103). However, some have recently argued that this recommendation be revised based on new data. […] Current surgical recommendations differ between PLCIS and CLCIS. Due to differences in the histological and molecular features between the subtypes surgical recommendations are different depending on the subtype. […] The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the NCCN recommend placing high-risk (Gail model risk 1.7% or history of LCIS) premenopausal women on selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and post-menopausal women on AIs. Specifically, tamoxifen for premenopausal women and raloxifene or exemestane for post-menopausal women (6,103).

• #36 Clonal relationships between lobular carcinoma in situ and other breast malignancies | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-016-0727-z

  Using a combination of copy number profiling and whole-exome sequencing in this study, we have demonstrated strong clonal relationships between multiple foci of LCIS and DCIS as well as LCIS and ILC, confirming that LCIS is commonly the clonal precursor of ILC, with distinct foci of LCIS frequently sharing a clonal origin. […] Taken together, our observational and molecular data support the contention that LCIS is not only a risk indicator but also a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer.

• #37 Clonal relationships between lobular carcinoma in situ and other breast malignancies | Breast Cancer Research | Full Text

  https://breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13058-016-0727-z

  Using a combination of copy number profiling and whole-exome sequencing in this study, we have demonstrated strong clonal relationships between multiple foci of LCIS and DCIS as well as LCIS and ILC, confirming that LCIS is commonly the clonal precursor of ILC, with distinct foci of LCIS frequently sharing a clonal origin. […] Taken together, our observational and molecular data support the contention that LCIS is not only a risk indicator but also a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer.

• #38 Recommendations for Women With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/recommendations-women-lobular-carcinoma-situ-lcis

  A diagnosis of LCIS is one of the greatest identifiable risk factors for the subsequent development of breast cancer. […] Compared to the general population, women with LCIS have an eight-fold to ten-fold increased risk of breast cancer. […] The presence of shared molecular alterations in LCIS and co-existing invasive lobular carcinoma have led some investigators to suggest that LN is a nonobligate precursor of low-grade invasive breast cancer. […] Surveillance is the minimum necessary action for women in whom LCIS is diagnosed. […] Recommendations from the NCCN Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Clinical Practice Guidelines include annual mammography and clinical breast exam every 6 to 12 months. […] Although the lifetime risk for an individual woman with LCIS may exceed 20% (depending on age at diagnosis), the American Cancer Society guidelines for MRI screening do not support routine use of MRI in this setting.

• #39 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) | Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/risk-factor/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  Most cases of LCIS occur before menopause. The average age at diagnosis is 44-46 years. Women with LCIS have an increased risk of invasive breast cancer. Compared to women without LCIS, those with LCIS are 7-11 times more likely to develop invasive cancer in either breast (the breast with LCIS or the opposite breast). Women diagnosed with LCIS have about a 10% chance of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer in 10 years […] about a 20% chance of developing DCIS or invasive breast cancer in 20 years. Women with LCIS can develop invasive lobular cancer or invasive ductal cancer. In the past, LCIS was not considered to be a precursor (a condition that can develop into) to breast cancer. However, some studies show LCIS may develop into invasive lobular cancer (invasive breast cancer that begins in the lobules). There are special breast cancer screening guidelines for women with LCIS who also have a 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends women with LCIS who also have a 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer: Have a clinical breast exam and risk assessment every 6-12 months, starting at age 25

• #40 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) | Susan G. Komen®

  https://www.komen.org/breast-cancer/risk-factor/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  Have a mammogram with digital breast tomosynthesis every year, starting at age 30 […] Talk with a health care provider about screening with breast MRI every year, starting at age 25. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) strongly recommends women with LCIS take a risk-reducing drug (such as tamoxifen) to lower their risk of breast cancer. Today, the use of a risk-reducing drug (along with recommended breast cancer screening to find breast cancer early if it develops) is the preferred option over risk-reducing mastectomy for lowering risk in women with LCIS. In the past, risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy (surgery to remove both breasts) was considered for women with LCIS to lower breast cancer risk as much as possible. This is now discouraged since the risk reduction benefits from a risk-reducing drug and surgery are similar.

• #41 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ | LCIS | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/non-cancerous-breast-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ.html

  Having LCIS does increase your risk of developing invasive breast cancer later on. But since LCIS is not a true cancer or pre-cancer, often no treatment is needed after the biopsy. […] Close follow-up is important because women with LCIS have the same increased risk of developing cancer in both breasts. Women should also talk to a health care provider about what they can do to help reduce their breast cancer risk. Options for women at high risk of breast cancer because of LCIS may include: Seeing a health care provider more often (such as every 6 to 12 months) for a breast exam along with the yearly mammogram. Additional imaging with breast MRI may also be recommended, especially if a woman has other factors that raise her risk of breast cancer.

• #42 Contemporary management of ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ – Obeng-Gyasi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/10361/html

  As indicated above, LCIS is considered both a high-risk lesion and a non-obligate precursor which confers a 10-20% risk for development of breast cancer (9,103). […] The 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of LCIS recommend surgical excision for LCIS diagnosed on CNB (103). However, some have recently argued that this recommendation be revised based on new data. […] Current surgical recommendations differ between PLCIS and CLCIS. Due to differences in the histological and molecular features between the subtypes surgical recommendations are different depending on the subtype. […] The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the NCCN recommend placing high-risk (Gail model risk 1.7% or history of LCIS) premenopausal women on selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and post-menopausal women on AIs. Specifically, tamoxifen for premenopausal women and raloxifene or exemestane for post-menopausal women (6,103).

• #43

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12609-021-00415-1

  A retrospective follow-up series, however, showed that subsequent breast cancer development occurs three times more likely in the breast harbouring ALH compared with the contralateral breast. […] The largest increase was noted in women over 50 years of age. […] A review of the literature by Hussain and Cunnick showed an average upgrade rate of 21.3% for classical LCIS. […] In their study of 76 examples of non-classical LCIS from 75 patients, Nakhlis et al. reported an upgrade rate to in situ (n = 10) or invasive malignancy (n = 17) of 36%. […] The upgrade rate to malignancy following the diagnosis of PLCIS, however, varied in the literature from as low as 18% to as high as 65% with an average of 33%. […] The latest 8th edition of the TNM staging by AJCC (the American Joint Committee on Cancer) does not recognise LCIS, nor its variants, as in situ carcinoma and these lesions are no longer staged as pTis. […] The current UK and Swiss guidelines recommend an annual mammographic follow-up for 5 years for B3 lesions including LCIS.

• #44 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The increased breast cancer risk conferred by a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is poorly understood. Here, we review our 29-year longitudinal experience with LCIS to evaluate factors associated with breast cancer risk. […] Compared with the general population, women with LCIS have a seven- to 10-fold increase in breast cancer risk, and studies with long-term follow-up report variable absolute risks of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, ranging from 11% to 28% at 15 years, with a persistent risk over time. […] We observed a 2% annual incidence of breast cancer among women with LCIS. […] The lower breast cancer incidence in women opting for chemoprevention highlights the potential for risk reduction in this population. […] Among the 1,032 women undergoing surveillance with or without chemoprevention, 150 (14%) developed 168 breast cancers.

• #45 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The use of chemoprevention was strongly associated with a reduced cancer risk. […] Here, we also report a substantially significant decrease in breast cancer incidence for women with LCIS who opted for chemoprevention, with an annual cancer rate of less than 1%, further supporting the recommendation for chemoprevention in this patient population. […] Our study provides a thorough analysis of clinicopathologic factors that may influence breast cancer development in a prospectively followed cohort of women with LCIS and demonstrates an overall 2% annual risk of breast cancer, influenced only by disease volume as defined by the ratio of slides with LCIS over the total number of slides examined.

• #46 Contemporary management of ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ – Obeng-Gyasi – Chinese Clinical Oncology

  https://cco.amegroups.org/article/view/10361/html

  As indicated above, LCIS is considered both a high-risk lesion and a non-obligate precursor which confers a 10-20% risk for development of breast cancer (9,103). […] The 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for the management of LCIS recommend surgical excision for LCIS diagnosed on CNB (103). However, some have recently argued that this recommendation be revised based on new data. […] Current surgical recommendations differ between PLCIS and CLCIS. Due to differences in the histological and molecular features between the subtypes surgical recommendations are different depending on the subtype. […] The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the NCCN recommend placing high-risk (Gail model risk 1.7% or history of LCIS) premenopausal women on selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and post-menopausal women on AIs. Specifically, tamoxifen for premenopausal women and raloxifene or exemestane for post-menopausal women (6,103).

• #47 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The use of chemoprevention was strongly associated with a reduced cancer risk. […] Here, we also report a substantially significant decrease in breast cancer incidence for women with LCIS who opted for chemoprevention, with an annual cancer rate of less than 1%, further supporting the recommendation for chemoprevention in this patient population. […] Our study provides a thorough analysis of clinicopathologic factors that may influence breast cancer development in a prospectively followed cohort of women with LCIS and demonstrates an overall 2% annual risk of breast cancer, influenced only by disease volume as defined by the ratio of slides with LCIS over the total number of slides examined.

• #48 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast/

  Chemoprevention was the only factor found on multivariate analysis to influence breast cancer risk, substantially decreasing it. […] It is possible that some subgroups of LCIS may exhibit a more aggressive unilateral biology and preinvasive behavior. […] The extent of LCIS (few lobules vs. extensive disease) and subtyping based on classic versus pleomorphic histopathology has not always been a standard part of pathology reports. […] The incidence rates of ILC increased steadily from 1977 to 1999, whereas the incidence rates of IDC increased at a similar rate until 1987 and then leveled off until 1999. […] LCIS incidence rates increased in parallel with ILC rates from 1977 to 1999, although rates of LCIS held steady from 1999 to 2006, despite a decline in ILC during that same time period.

• #49 SBI: The presence of LCIS indicates increased breast cancer risk | AuntMinnie

  https://www.auntminnie.com/clinical-news/mri/article/15633376/sbi-the-presence-of-lcis-indicates-increased-breast-cancer-risk

  The researchers also found that among cases determined to require surgical excision, there was a 22.9% (11/48) upgrade rate. Additionally, if the criteria for surgical excision were not met, the delayed risk of malignancy was 16.2% (11/68) and persisted for up to 13 years. […] The team suggested that based on these results, LCIS cases that are not excised can be tracked via imaging surveillance and treated with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor. […] These results point to multidisciplinary review playing a critical role in triaging patients diagnosed with LCIS, Whitman noted.

• #50 SBI: The presence of LCIS indicates increased breast cancer risk | AuntMinnie

  https://www.auntminnie.com/clinical-news/mri/article/15633376/sbi-the-presence-of-lcis-indicates-increased-breast-cancer-risk

  The researchers also found that among cases determined to require surgical excision, there was a 22.9% (11/48) upgrade rate. Additionally, if the criteria for surgical excision were not met, the delayed risk of malignancy was 16.2% (11/68) and persisted for up to 13 years. […] The team suggested that based on these results, LCIS cases that are not excised can be tracked via imaging surveillance and treated with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor. […] These results point to multidisciplinary review playing a critical role in triaging patients diagnosed with LCIS, Whitman noted.

• #51 SBI: The presence of LCIS indicates increased breast cancer risk | AuntMinnie

  https://www.auntminnie.com/clinical-news/mri/article/15633376/sbi-the-presence-of-lcis-indicates-increased-breast-cancer-risk

  The researchers also found that among cases determined to require surgical excision, there was a 22.9% (11/48) upgrade rate. Additionally, if the criteria for surgical excision were not met, the delayed risk of malignancy was 16.2% (11/68) and persisted for up to 13 years. […] The team suggested that based on these results, LCIS cases that are not excised can be tracked via imaging surveillance and treated with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor. […] These results point to multidisciplinary review playing a critical role in triaging patients diagnosed with LCIS, Whitman noted.

• #52 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Bilateral disease can also occur in up to 35% of cases, leading some women to opt for bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. […] The management of LCIS continues to be a challenge due to the uncertainty among providers about the clinical significance of most LCIS lesions. […] The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend surgical excision to ensure that there is no adjacent carcinoma, and then counseling regarding risk-reduction options, such as chemoprevention and prophylactic mastectomy. […] Broadly stated, there are two main areas of research that could help refine the current management of LCIS. […] The second research area involves the generation of risk estimates for invasive breast cancer among younger women diagnosed with LCIS. […] Lastly, it appears that the potential benefit of chemoprevention agents such as tamoxifen in women with LCIS has been underappreciated.

• #53 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374535

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) may be present in one or both breasts, but it usually isn’t visible on a mammogram. The condition is most often diagnosed as an incidental finding when you have a biopsy done to evaluate some other area of concern in your breast. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with LCIS, your doctor may recommend more frequent exams to closely monitor your breasts for signs of cancer. […] Surgery may be recommended in certain situations. For instance, surgery is often recommended for a specific type of LCIS called pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS). This type of LCIS is thought to carry a greater risk of breast cancer than is the more common classical type. […] To obtain the best possible protective benefit from this surgery, both breasts are removed, because LCIS increases your risk of developing breast cancer in either breast.

• #54 Case: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-lcis

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a noninvasive lesion of the breast considered to be a nonobligate precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma. The pathologic definition is proliferation of atypical cells filling and distending at least half of the acini in the lobular unit. In patients diagnosed with primary LCIS, there is a 7.1% incidence of invasive breast cancer at 10 years, with nearly identical incidence in ipsilateral versus contralateral breasts. […] LCIS has been described as clinically occult. It is found to be multicentric in most cases and is often bilateral. Typically, an incidental finding on a biopsy performed for a separate reason, studies report the incidence of LCIS as 0.8-3.8% in open surgical biopsies and 0.02-3.3% of image-guided core needle biopsies. There is a much lower incidence demonstrated in population-based data.

• #55 Case: Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) – Radiology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/departments/radiology/education/breast-imaging-teaching-resources/cases/case-lcis

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a noninvasive lesion of the breast considered to be a nonobligate precursor of invasive lobular carcinoma. The pathologic definition is proliferation of atypical cells filling and distending at least half of the acini in the lobular unit. In patients diagnosed with primary LCIS, there is a 7.1% incidence of invasive breast cancer at 10 years, with nearly identical incidence in ipsilateral versus contralateral breasts. […] LCIS has been described as clinically occult. It is found to be multicentric in most cases and is often bilateral. Typically, an incidental finding on a biopsy performed for a separate reason, studies report the incidence of LCIS as 0.8-3.8% in open surgical biopsies and 0.02-3.3% of image-guided core needle biopsies. There is a much lower incidence demonstrated in population-based data.

• #56 Recommendations for Women With Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS)

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/recommendations-women-lobular-carcinoma-situ-lcis

  Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) represent a spectrum of breast disease referred to as „lobular neoplasia” (LN). […] Although LN occurs relatively infrequently, it is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, ranging from a three- to four-fold increased risk with ALH up to an eight- to ten-fold increased risk with LCIS. […] Today, a diagnosis of LCIS remains one of the greatest identifiable risk factors for the subsequent development of breast cancer. […] LCIS is typically an incidental finding in a breast biopsy performed for another reason. […] The true incidence of LCIS in the population has been difficult to ascertain. […] Population-based data reported to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) from 1978 to 1998 demonstrate a much lower incidence-3.19 per 100,000 women-yet during this time there was an observed four-fold increase in the number of LCIS cases reported among women over 40 years of age.

• #57

  https://step2.medbullets.com/oncology/120424/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-lcis

  lifetime risk is 1% per year. […] Risk factors […] age 40 years […] family history of breast cancer […] hormone replacement therapy. […] LCIS cells are usually estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive and HER2/neu-negative. […] Symptoms […] asymptomatic […] breast lump. […] Mammography […] indications […] regular screening for all women 40-50 years of age […] screening of contralateral breast in LCIS patients […] LCIS often bilateral in the same quadrant […] need to do mammography of the contralateral breast at regular intervals. […] findings […] LCIS not readily visible on mammography. […] Development of invasive carcinoma. […] Very good […] majority of women with LCIS will not develop invasive breast cancer.

• #58 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast/

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) exists as two main subtypes, classic and pleomorphic. […] LCIS incidence appears to be influenced by the use of exogenous hormones. […] The lifetime risk of invasive cancer is 8 to 10 times that seen among women without LCIS. […] The risk of invasive cancer development can be decreased by the use of a chemopreventive endocrine agent. […] Observation alone without excision is being offered to increasing numbers of individuals with classic LCIS on core sampling deemed concordant with imaging findings. […] Such clinical presentations make bilateral mastectomy the only way to ensure removal of all of the LCIS present, an approach that is drastic for a risk factor lesion unless there are other compelling confounding breast cancer risk factors present. […] Finally, the biologic behavior of pleomorphic LCIS remains controversial in terms of long-term outcomes and risk of invasive cancer development.

• #59 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374535

  Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) may be present in one or both breasts, but it usually isn’t visible on a mammogram. The condition is most often diagnosed as an incidental finding when you have a biopsy done to evaluate some other area of concern in your breast. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with LCIS, your doctor may recommend more frequent exams to closely monitor your breasts for signs of cancer. […] Surgery may be recommended in certain situations. For instance, surgery is often recommended for a specific type of LCIS called pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS). This type of LCIS is thought to carry a greater risk of breast cancer than is the more common classical type. […] To obtain the best possible protective benefit from this surgery, both breasts are removed, because LCIS increases your risk of developing breast cancer in either breast.

• #60

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12609-021-00415-1

  A retrospective follow-up series, however, showed that subsequent breast cancer development occurs three times more likely in the breast harbouring ALH compared with the contralateral breast. […] The largest increase was noted in women over 50 years of age. […] A review of the literature by Hussain and Cunnick showed an average upgrade rate of 21.3% for classical LCIS. […] In their study of 76 examples of non-classical LCIS from 75 patients, Nakhlis et al. reported an upgrade rate to in situ (n = 10) or invasive malignancy (n = 17) of 36%. […] The upgrade rate to malignancy following the diagnosis of PLCIS, however, varied in the literature from as low as 18% to as high as 65% with an average of 33%. […] The latest 8th edition of the TNM staging by AJCC (the American Joint Committee on Cancer) does not recognise LCIS, nor its variants, as in situ carcinoma and these lesions are no longer staged as pTis. […] The current UK and Swiss guidelines recommend an annual mammographic follow-up for 5 years for B3 lesions including LCIS.

• #61 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Oppong and King present a clear and concise review of the current data regarding lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and discuss the rationale behind the current management recommendations for this disease. […] Recent advances in genomic profiling have demonstrated that in some cases LCIS is no longer simply a risk factor for all types of breast cancer but also a precursor for invasive lobular cancer. […] However, it is still extremely difficult to determine the true incidence of LCIS in any population due to the fact that LCIS continues to be an incidental finding on biopsy or at surgery. […] The proportion of LCIS in sample sets of benign breast disease is low, ranging between 0.5% and 4%, but the majority of these lesions are multicentric, suggesting a more widespread process. […] Further, although the risk per year of invasive cancer is 1%, the risk accumulates over time for at least 20 years.

• #62

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12609-021-00415-1

  A retrospective follow-up series, however, showed that subsequent breast cancer development occurs three times more likely in the breast harbouring ALH compared with the contralateral breast. […] The largest increase was noted in women over 50 years of age. […] A review of the literature by Hussain and Cunnick showed an average upgrade rate of 21.3% for classical LCIS. […] In their study of 76 examples of non-classical LCIS from 75 patients, Nakhlis et al. reported an upgrade rate to in situ (n = 10) or invasive malignancy (n = 17) of 36%. […] The upgrade rate to malignancy following the diagnosis of PLCIS, however, varied in the literature from as low as 18% to as high as 65% with an average of 33%. […] The latest 8th edition of the TNM staging by AJCC (the American Joint Committee on Cancer) does not recognise LCIS, nor its variants, as in situ carcinoma and these lesions are no longer staged as pTis. […] The current UK and Swiss guidelines recommend an annual mammographic follow-up for 5 years for B3 lesions including LCIS.

• #63 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Bilateral disease can also occur in up to 35% of cases, leading some women to opt for bilateral prophylactic mastectomy. […] The management of LCIS continues to be a challenge due to the uncertainty among providers about the clinical significance of most LCIS lesions. […] The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend surgical excision to ensure that there is no adjacent carcinoma, and then counseling regarding risk-reduction options, such as chemoprevention and prophylactic mastectomy. […] Broadly stated, there are two main areas of research that could help refine the current management of LCIS. […] The second research area involves the generation of risk estimates for invasive breast cancer among younger women diagnosed with LCIS. […] Lastly, it appears that the potential benefit of chemoprevention agents such as tamoxifen in women with LCIS has been underappreciated.

• #64 Understanding Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) | Breast Cancer Research Foundation

  https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/lcis-lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  The average risk of a woman developing breast cancer in her lifetime is 12 percent. That risk increases to 20 to 30 percent if a woman has been diagnosed with LCIS. The younger a woman is at diagnosis, the higher the risk. […] Other risk factors for LCIS include being over 40 years of age, using a combination (estrogen and progestin) hormone replacement therapy for more than three to five years after menopause, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. These factors are also associated with an elevated risk of developing breast cancer. […] Because of the elevated cancer risk, doctors may recommend more frequent mammogram, ultrasound, and MRI screenings to ensure any cancer that develops is caught at its earliest stage. […] Because no diagnostic tools currently exist that reliably predict who will develop invasive breast cancer after an LCIS diagnosis, it is likely that some women with LCIS are undertreated, and some women are overtreated. Neither scenario is ideal so improving strategies for diagnosis is imperative.

• #65 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) of the breast: is long-term outcome similar to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)? Analysis of 200 cases | Radiation Oncology | Full Text

  https://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13014-015-0379-7

  Therefore, in these aggressive LCIS, WBRT addition should be discussed in the multidisciplinary team, in order to minimize the LR risk. […] These results are quite similar to DCIS treated by lumpectomy and WBRT in the series with a more than 120-month follow-up, both in retrospective studies and randomized trials. […] However, it remains difficult to better identify the aggressive LCIS subtypes. A recent study by the Curie Institute showed that KI67 should be used as a discriminant parameter to select more aggressive LCIS. […] Another possible way of reducing the long-term risk of LR is the use of Tamoxifen. Indeed, the positivity rate of ER and/or PgR in LCIS is higher than in DCIS, and the results of the former NSABP P-1 prevention study showed that the most effective reduction of invasive BC by tamoxifen was observed among women with LCIS and ALH, suggesting a possible increased impact of anti-estrogens in the first steps of breast cancerization. […] In short, LCIS is not always an indolent disease.

• #66 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast | Oncohema Key

  https://oncohemakey.com/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ-of-the-breast/

  Chemoprevention was the only factor found on multivariate analysis to influence breast cancer risk, substantially decreasing it. […] It is possible that some subgroups of LCIS may exhibit a more aggressive unilateral biology and preinvasive behavior. […] The extent of LCIS (few lobules vs. extensive disease) and subtyping based on classic versus pleomorphic histopathology has not always been a standard part of pathology reports. […] The incidence rates of ILC increased steadily from 1977 to 1999, whereas the incidence rates of IDC increased at a similar rate until 1987 and then leveled off until 1999. […] LCIS incidence rates increased in parallel with ILC rates from 1977 to 1999, although rates of LCIS held steady from 1999 to 2006, despite a decline in ILC during that same time period.

• #67 Risk of second breast cancers after lobular carcinoma in situ according to hormone receptor status | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176417

  This reduced second breast cancer risk after primary LCIS diagnosis over time may be resulted in by the increased use of chemoprevention for LCIS patients in 2000s after reports of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P-1 and P-2 trials. […] In conclusion, our finding that women with a first primary HR- LCIS have significantly elevated risk of developing second breast cancers has important implications for routine clinical management.

• #68 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Based on data from nine population-based registries that were part of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, LCIS incidence rates increased fourfold between 1987 and 1999, with a particularly notable increase in postmenopausal women. […] Therefore, a woman’s risk should be reassessed periodically so that decisions regarding screening and risk-reduction approaches can be optimized.

• #69 The Challenges of Treating Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/challenges-treating-lobular-carcinoma-situ

  Based on data from nine population-based registries that were part of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, LCIS incidence rates increased fourfold between 1987 and 1999, with a particularly notable increase in postmenopausal women. […] Therefore, a woman’s risk should be reassessed periodically so that decisions regarding screening and risk-reduction approaches can be optimized.

• #70 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ: A 29-Year Longitudinal Experience Evaluating Clinicopathologic Features and Breast Cancer Risk

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4934644/

  The increased breast cancer risk conferred by a diagnosis of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is poorly understood. Here, we review our 29-year longitudinal experience with LCIS to evaluate factors associated with breast cancer risk. […] Compared with the general population, women with LCIS have a seven- to 10-fold increase in breast cancer risk, and studies with long-term follow-up report variable absolute risks of developing ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma, ranging from 11% to 28% at 15 years, with a persistent risk over time. […] We observed a 2% annual incidence of breast cancer among women with LCIS. […] The lower breast cancer incidence in women opting for chemoprevention highlights the potential for risk reduction in this population. […] Among the 1,032 women undergoing surveillance with or without chemoprevention, 150 (14%) developed 168 breast cancers.

• #71 Lobular carcinoma in situ – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/lobular-carcinoma-in-situ/

  LCIS has a lower risk of subsequent invasive carcinoma compared to DCIS. […] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Quality evidence on risk stratification and optimal management of LCIS is lacking. […] Although chemoprevention and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy significantly decrease the risk of breast cancer in patients with LCIS, they are associated with significant adverse effects and the impact of these interventions on overall survival is modest.

• #72 Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS): Symptoms, cancer, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/lcis

  A 2017 population study reviewed data concerning the treatment of LCIS in cases between 2004 and 2013. […] The research cites an older 2005 study that found the risk of developing breast cancer after an LCIS diagnosis was 7.1% at 10 years. […] The authors of the study also mention a 2017 analysis that found that females with LCIS who develop breast cancer usually get an early-stage diagnosis. […] The outlook for LCIS is encouraging, considering the 10- and 20-year breast cancer-specific survival rate was 98.9% and 96.3%, respectively.

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