Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Throat cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366496

  Your treatment options are based on many factors, such as the location and stage of your throat cancer, the type of cells involved, whether the cells show signs of HPV infection, your overall health, and your personal preferences. Discuss the benefits and risks of each of your options with your doctor. Together you can determine what treatments will be most appropriate for you. […] Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams from sources such as X-rays and protons to deliver radiation to the cancer cells, causing them to die. […] For small throat cancers or throat cancers that haven’t spread to the lymph nodes, radiation therapy may be the only treatment necessary. For more-advanced throat cancers, radiation therapy may be combined with chemotherapy or surgery. In very advanced throat cancers, radiation therapy may be used to reduce signs and symptoms and make you more comfortable.

• #1 Throat Cancer Treatment | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment

  There are several ways to treat throat cancer, including: […] surgery to remove the cancer […] radiation therapy, using high-energy rays such as x-rays to destroy cancer cells […] chemotherapy with drugs that kill cancer cells. […] The main treatment for laryngeal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer is usually surgery. Sometimes radiation or chemotherapy are given after surgery to reduce the chances that the cancer will come back. […] Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are all common approaches for oropharyngeal cancer. […] MSK offers specialized treatment options for oropharyngeal cancer linked to HPV infection. […] Our areas of expertise include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and quality-of-life issues. […] We deliver more-effective radiation therapy directly to throat tumors.

• #1 Treatment decisions | Laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  Your doctor and healthcare team will talk to you about your treatment and the options you have. They will explain the benefits and the possible side effects. […] The most common treatments for laryngeal cancer are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. […] You might have one or more of the following treatments: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy with radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy), chemotherapy, targeted cancer drugs, immunotherapy. […] Surgery is a common treatment for early stage laryngeal cancer. […] You might have radiotherapy on its own for early stage laryngeal cancer. Or after surgery in some situations. Or you might have radiotherapy with chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) for more advanced laryngeal cancer. […] Chemotherapy with radiotherapy is called chemoradiotherapy. You might have chemoradiotherapy on its own as your main treatment or after surgery.

• #1 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment & Pharmacologic Management

  https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/ddi/head-and-neck-cancer-treatment/

  Surgery is often the first-line treatment for patients with localized head and neck cancers and may be used alone or in combination with other treatment modalities. Tumor size, location, and stage, as well as patient age and general health, are factors to be considered when determining a treatment plan. However, surgery may not benefit patients with advanced HNSCC. The desire to preserve organs may make surgery unsuitable. Radiotherapy and systemic therapy with pharmacologic agents may be better treatment options in these patients. […] Radiation therapy is an effective treatment option for patients with small, localized head and neck cancers. It is often combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy to improve outcomes in advanced, late-phase malignant neoplasms. Systemic therapies, which include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are indicated for most patients with metastatic or advanced recurrent HNSCC. Treatment decisions are made based on multiple factors: location and stage of the tumor, presence of comorbidities, swallowing and airway considerations, and the patients desire to preserve organs.

• #1 Medication for Laryngeal Cancer | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatments/medication-for-laryngeal-cancer

  Medication for Laryngeal Cancer […] NYU Langone doctors may prescribe chemotherapy or targeted drugs to manage laryngeal cancer. Chemotherapy is a group of drugs that can destroy cancer cells throughout the body. Targeted drugs destroy cancer cells but may have different or more tolerable side effects than chemotherapy. […] These drugs are often used to improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy, in which energy beams are used to destroy cancer cells. This approach, called chemoradiation, may be used in people with advanced laryngeal cancer if doctors think it is more likely than other treatments to preserve the vocal cords. […] Chemotherapy can make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy, which is why these therapies may be used at the same time to treat laryngeal cancer. […] When chemotherapy and radiation therapy are combined, medical oncologists and radiation oncologists collaborate to determine a personalized treatment schedule for you. […] The chemotherapy drug cisplatin is often used to manage laryngeal cancer. […] Chemotherapy alone may be used to destroy tumors that have spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs. […] NYU Langone doctors may prescribe a targeted drug, such as cetuximab, to manage laryngeal cancer that has spread outside the larynx. […] Cetuximab may be given alone or with chemotherapy in people with advanced laryngeal cancer. […] Cetuximab may be also be used with radiation therapy in people with laryngeal cancer. […] To manage laryngeal cancer that has spread outside the larynx, NYU Langone doctors may prescribe immunotherapy as part of a clinical trial. Immunotherapy helps boost the body’s immune response to laryngeal cancer.

• #1 Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Treatment Options | UPMC

  https://hillman.upmc.com/cancer-care/head-neck/treatment/immunotherapy

  Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that boosts your body’s immune system so it can destroy cancer cells. […] When you receive a head and neck cancer diagnosis, your oncologist will determine if immunotherapy is part of your care. […] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two types of immunotherapy to treat head and neck cancer: nivolumab and pembrolizumab. […] Your doctor may use nivolumab if you’ve already tried chemotherapy and it didn’t work. […] You may receive this treatment: As your first treatment if your cancer has returned and surgery isn’t an option, or if it has spread to other organs. […] The goal of immunotherapy treatments like nivolumab and pembrolizumab is to shrink your tumor or stop it from growing. […] Most people tolerate immunotherapy drugs well.

• #1 Locally Advanced Cancer of the Throat – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/locally-advanced-cancer-of-the-throat/

  Stage III and IV cancers of the throat are referred to as locally advanced. These cancers are large and/or have spread to regional lymph nodes. […] The following is a general overview of treatment for locally advanced cancer of the throat. Treatment may consist of surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy, or a combination of these treatment techniques. Multi-modality treatment, which is treatment using two or more techniques, is increasingly recognized as an important approach for increasing a patient’s chance of cure or prolonging survival. […] Combined modality therapy plays a central role in the management of locally advanced cancer of the throat. Clinical studies have suggested that combining chemotherapy with radiation is better than using either treatment alone for the treatment of locally advanced cancer.

• #1 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  Surgery and radiation therapy have been the standard treatments for laryngeal cancer. However, outcome data from randomized trials are limited. […] Small superficial cancers without laryngeal fixation or lymph node involvement are successfully treated by radiation therapy or surgery alone, including laser excision surgery. Radiation therapy may be selected to preserve the voice and to reserve surgery for salvaging failures. […] Locally advanced lesions are treated with combined modality treatment involving radiation and chemotherapy with or without surgery. The aim is laryngeal preservation in appropriately selected candidates. […] Concurrent chemoradiation therapy is a standard treatment option for patients with locally advanced (stage III and stage IV) laryngeal cancer. […] For patients with intermediate pathological risk factors, the addition of cisplatin chemotherapy given concurrently with PORT is unclear.

• #1

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/

  The treatment for laryngeal cancer largely depends on the size of the cancer. The main treatments are radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted cancer medicines. […] Your recommended treatment plan will depend on the stage of the cancer. […] If you have early-stage laryngeal cancer, it may be possible to remove the cancer using surgery (endoscopic resection) or radiotherapy alone. This may also be the case with slightly larger cancers, although a combination of surgery and radiotherapy is sometimes required. […] In later-stage laryngeal cancer, more extensive surgery may be needed. […] Radiotherapy and chemotherapy will probably be used in combination. In some cases, the entire larynx may have to be removed. […] A targeted cancer medicine called cetuximab may be used in cases where chemotherapy is not suitable.

• #1 Treatment for Head and Neck Cancers | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

  https://www.fredhutch.org/en/diseases/head-and-neck-cancers/treatment.html

  Today, people facing head and neck cancers have more options for treatment than ever before, and many can be cured. […] Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center offers comprehensive care for head and neck cancers, including advanced treatments like transoral robot-assisted surgery, proton therapy, fast neutron therapy and targeted immunotherapy as well as new options available only through clinical studies open at Fred Hutch. […] Your Fred Hutch physicians will explain all your options in clear terms and recommend an individualized treatment plan to get you the best results based on the type, stage, location and size of your cancer. […] Fred Hutch patients have access to advanced therapies being explored in clinical studies for head and neck cancers conducted here and at UW Medicine. […] Most people with head and neck cancers receive radiation therapy, either on its own or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.

• #1 $11 million investment in cell therapy to help throat cancer patients heal

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/11-million-investment-in-cell-therapy-to-help-throat-cancer-patients-heal/2022/05

  The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) is investing more than $11 million to fund a clinical trial testing a cell therapy to help throat cancer patients heal from the devastating effects of radiation therapy. […] Belafsky and his team are developing a therapeutic approach using Autologous Muscle Derived Progenitor Cells (AMDC) derived from a biopsy of the patients own muscle elsewhere in the body. The cells are injected into the tongue of the patient, where they fuse with existing muscle fibers to increase tongue strength and ability to swallow. […] Dysphagia is not only a serious problem for people recovering from head and neck cancer, its also a problem for millions of older Americans, says Maria T. Millan, President and CEO of CIRM. This approach has the potential to make life better for millions of Californians who are experiencing swallowing disorders but have no effective treatment options.

• #2 Treatment decisions | Laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/treatment-decisions

  You might have chemotherapy before or after surgery or radiotherapy. It is sometimes given on its own. But you most often have it together with radiotherapy. […] You might have targeted cancer drugs or immunotherapy in some situations for locally advanced or advanced laryngeal cancer. […] You might have a combination of treatments, these include: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, surgery to remove the larynx (laryngectomy). […] For advanced cancer, your doctor will refer you to a palliative care team. […] The treatment you might have for laryngeal cancer that has come back depends on where in your body the cancer is. […] You might have surgery if your surgeon can remove the cancer and you are fit enough. […] You might have radiotherapy on its own or after surgery. […] Other treatment options include: chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted cancer drugs.

• #2 Having radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/laryngeal-cancer/treatment/radiotherapy/how-you-have-radiotherapy

  You might have chemotherapy with radiotherapy. This is called chemoradiotherapy. These treatments often work better when you have them together. […] For locally advanced laryngeal cancer you might have a targeted cancer drug added to your radiotherapy treatment. The aim is to help to shrink or control the cancer. […] Radiotherapy can relieve symptoms of advanced cancer of the larynx. This is called palliative radiotherapy. […] Radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer can make you feel tired. Other side effects of radiotherapy include a dry mouth and a sore throat.

• #2 Radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/laryngeal/treatment/radiation-therapy

  after surgery if the tumour is hard to remove, cant be completely removed or has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes […] to relieve pain or control the symptoms of advanced laryngeal cancer (called palliative therapy). […] External beam radiation therapy for laryngeal cancer is usually given 5 times a week for about 7 weeks. […] Laryngeal cancer is often treated using a type of external beam radiation therapy called conformal radiation therapy. […] 3-D conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) delivers radiation beams of equal strength to the tumour from several different directions. This can decrease the radiation damage to normal tissues and increase the radiation to the tumour. […] Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) delivers radiation beams of different strengths directed at the tumour from several different directions. This method shapes the treatment beams very precisely and allows the dose of radiation to be adjusted for different parts of the treatment area.

• #2 Throat cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366496

  The types of surgical procedures you may consider to treat your throat cancer depend on the location and stage of your cancer. Options may include: […] Surgery for small throat cancers or throat cancers that haven’t spread to the lymph nodes. Throat cancer that is confined to the surface of the throat or the vocal cords may be treated surgically using endoscopy. […] Surgery to remove all or part of the voice box (laryngectomy). For smaller tumors, your doctor may remove the part of your voice box that is affected by cancer, leaving as much of the voice box as possible. […] Surgery to remove part of the throat (pharyngectomy). Smaller throat cancers may require removing only small parts of your throat during surgery. […] Surgery to remove cancerous lymph nodes (neck dissection). If throat cancer has spread deep within your neck, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove some or all of the lymph nodes to see if they contain cancer cells.

• #2 6 Innovative Throat Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/throat-cancer-treatment.html

  For the most common throat cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, surgery is often used in the early stages of the disease. […] Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells, control their growth or relieve disease-related symptoms. Chemotherapy may involve a single drug or a combination of two or more drugs, depending on the type of cancer and how fast it is growing. […] Chemotherapymay be used to shrink a throat tumor before surgery or kill lingering cancer cells after surgery and/or radiation treatment. […] At this time only immune checkpoint inhibitors are approved to treat throat cancers. […] Targeted therapy drugs are designed to stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer. […] Radiation therapy uses focused powerful beams of energy, usually in the form of photons, to destroy cancer cells. […] The types of radiation therapy used to treat throat cancer include:

• #2 Throat Cancer Treatment – San Diego – Scripps Health

  https://www.scripps.org/services/cancer-care/laryngeal-hypopharyngeal-cancer-treatment

  Radiation therapy may be the main treatment for small tumors, or part of a cancer treatment plan that also includes surgery and other therapies. […] Chemotherapy may be given to help shrink a large tumor before surgery, to treat cancer that cannot be removed with surgery or to treat cancer that has spread to other areas. […] Chemoradiation, which combines chemotherapy and radiation, has been shown to shrink laryngeal and hypopharyngeal tumors more than either treatment alone. In addition, chemoradiation may be used instead of surgery to preserve the larynx.

• #2 Throat Cancer Treatment Options & Advanced Therapies

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/throat-cancer/treatments

  Targeted therapy drugs may also be used on their own or in combination with chemotherapy to treat certain advanced or recurrent throat cancers. […] Immunotherapy drugs designed to help the body’s immune system identify and kill tumor cells may be recommended when throat cancer doesn’t respond to first-line treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy. […] Treatment options for HPV-related throat cancers include: Radiation therapy, Surgery, Chemotherapy, Chemoradiation, Targeted therapy, Immunotherapy, Clinical trials. […] Chemoradiation may be a first-line treatment option for laryngeal cancers diagnosed in an early stage and to preserve the larynx. Surgery may be required if the cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage or recurs after treatment. […] Treatment options for pharyngeal cancers include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Chemoradiation, Targeted therapy, Immunotherapy, Clinical trials. […] Surgery may be a first-line treatment for many cases of pharyngeal cancer.

• #2 Throat Cancer Treatment | Duke Health

  https://www.dukehealth.org/treatments/cancer/head-and-neck-cancer/throat-cancer

  Targeted Therapy Targeted therapy can help stop or slow the growth or spread of cancer by targeting specific aspects of your tumor’s biology. […] Immunotherapy Typically reserved for people with advanced cancer that is not responding to other treatment, immunotherapy takes advantage of a person’s immune system to help kill cancer cells. […] Surgery Head and neck surgeons carefully remove the tumor while preserving vital neighboring structures. Nearby lymph nodes may also need to be removed. […] After surgery, you may need to breathe through a new airway in your throat called a stoma temporarily until swelling goes down. […] Rehabilitation Services Throat cancer treatment can lead to complications like problems with speaking, breathing, eating, or swallowing; nerve weakness or facial paralysis; or lymphedema. […] Social workers, psychologists, and palliative care experts can help you cope with the emotional and psychological effects often associated with cancer.

• #2 Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Treatment Options | UPMC

  https://hillman.upmc.com/cancer-care/head-neck/treatment/immunotherapy

  Immunotherapy can also cause the immune system to attack its own healthy cells. […] If this happens, your doctor may need to stop immunotherapy and lower your immune system with steroids to end these side effects. […] If your doctor prescribes immunotherapy, you will receive it by an IV infusion. […] Doctors give immunotherapy in cycles, with a break between cycles to let your body rest and recover.

• #2 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006216-overview

  Surgery should be considered for locally advanced disease; however, definitive radiation therapy, concurrent chemoradiation alone or after surgery, and induction therapy followed by concurrent chemoradation are alternative options for patients who are not candidates for surgery alone. […] Concurrent chemoradiation therapy is the current standard of care for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. […] The decision to treat the patient with concurrent chemoradiation therapy rather than surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy individually should be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board (including a medical oncologist, a radiation therapist, and an ENT surgeon). […] Induction chemotherapy is typically given to patients with stage III-IVB disease in order to shrink a primary tumor to reduce its bulkiness in preparation for subsequent surgery or radiation therapy.

• #2 Throat Cancer Treatments | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/cancer-care/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/treatments

  Surgery for treating oropharynx cancers can be performed in a minimally invasive fashion at Northwestern Head and Neck Program. Both robotic surgery as well as microscope-assisted laser surgery are used to remove the cancer with minimal disturbance of the surrounding normal tissue. Simultaneously, the lymph nodes in the neck are commonly dissected to ensure that all cancer has been removed from the patients. […] Surgical techniques and therapies for throat cancer treatment include: […] Radiation therapy: Treatment that uses high-energy rays that damage cancer cells and halts the spread of cancer. Radiation therapy is very localized, aimed at only the area where the cancer is present. Radiation therapy may be administered externally with a machine, or internally with radioactive materials.

• #2 Locally Advanced Cancer of the Throat – Virginia Cancer Institute

  https://www.vacancer.com/cancer/head-and-neck-cancers/throat-cancer/locally-advanced-cancer-of-the-throat/

  Neoadjuvant therapy refers to treatment that is used prior to surgery in an attempt to reduce the cancer size thereby allowing for more complete surgical removal. […] Complete surgical removal of the cancer may sometimes be utilized as the only treatment for patients with stage III throat cancer, depending on the exact location and extent of the cancer. […] The development of more effective cancer treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer patients. Clinical trials are studies that evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs or treatment strategies. […] EGFRs are small proteins that are found on the surface of cells. […] Results of a recent study indicate that the use of IMC-225 in combination with radiation therapy appears to prolong survival time for persons with locally advanced cancer of the tongue, tonsils, throat, or larynx.

• #2 Laryngeal Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/laryngeal-treatment-pdq

  The addition of chemotherapy to PORT for laryngeal cancer squamous cell carcinoma demonstrates a locoregional control and OS benefit compared with radiation therapy alone in patients who have high-risk pathological risk factors, extracapsular extension of a lymph node, or positive margins, based on a pooled analysis of the EORTC-22931 and RTOG-9501 studies. […] Treatment options for metastatic and recurrent laryngeal cancer include: Surgery and/or radiation therapy. Salvage is possible for failures of surgery alone or of radiation therapy alone, and further surgery and/or radiation therapy should be attempted, as indicated. […] Platinum-based chemotherapy is often used as first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. A response of variable duration may be achieved after systemic chemotherapy. […] Immunotherapy (inhibitor of the programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] pathway) can be used after platinum-based failure in patients with metastatic or locally recurrent disease.

• #2 How Does Radiation Therapy Help Treat Throat Cancer? | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/throat/throat-cancer-treatment/throat-cancer-radiation-therapy

  We offer several radiation therapy approaches for people with throat cancer. Among the most common at MSK are intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy. We also offer adaptive radiotherapy to all of our patients with throat cancer. […] IMRT allows your care team to shape the radiation beams to the exact dimensions of the treatment area. […] Proton therapy is a treatment approach that sends a high-energy beam of protons through the skin toward the tumor. […] Adaptive radiotherapy simply means that we repeat the planning process throughout your treatment. Every time we detect certain changes that could affect the precision of the radiation, we review your treatment plan. Changes we look for could be anything from weight loss to the tumor shrinking. […] Our rehabilitation team has extensive experience in helping people address the side effects of radiation therapy. A speech and swallowing specialist will meet with you before treatment to discuss any possible changes in your speech, voice, or swallowing. During and after treatment, we will provide you with exercises to prevent side effects, look out for any problems with swallowing, and make sure you are maintaining the range of motion in your tongue, jaw, and neck.

• #2 Throat cancer | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/throat-cancer

  Multi-modal treatments surgery on larger tumours may be followed with radiation therapy. Chemo-radiotherapy may also be used. […] Long term monitoring this may include regular examinations and x-rays to make sure the cancer hasnt come back. […] Ongoing care this may include speech therapy, dietary advice, regular medical follow-up and counselling. […] All treatments have side effects. These will vary depending on the type of treatment you are having. Many side effects are temporary, but some may be permanent. Your doctor will explain all the possible side effects before your treatment begins. […] If your throat cancer has spread to other parts of the body and it is not possible to cure it by surgery, your doctor may still recommend treatment. […] Treatment for control of cancer may include:

• #2 Throat Cancer Treatment | Laryngeal Cancer Treatment | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer/treating.html

  Its important to discuss all treatment options, including their goals and possible side effects, with your doctors to help make the decision that best fits your needs. […] Some of the treatments can also be used as palliative treatment if all the cancer cannot be removed. Palliative treatment is meant to relieve symptoms, such as pain or trouble swallowing, but it’s not expected to cure the cancer. […] Clinical trials are carefully controlled research studies that are done to get a closer look at promising new treatments or procedures. Clinical trials are one way to get state-of-the-art cancer treatment. […] You may hear about alternative or complementary methods to relieve symptoms or treat your cancer that your doctors havent mentioned. […] Complementary methods are treatments that are used along with your regular medical care. Alternative treatments are used instead of standard medical treatment.

• #2 Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | CRI

  https://www.cancerresearch.org/cancer-types/head-and-neck-cancer

  Immunotherapy is a class of treatments that take advantage of a person’s own immune system to help kill cancer cells. There are currently four approved immunotherapy options for head and neck cancer. […] Head and neck cancer patients with advanced disease should consider participating in a clinical trial if eligible.

• #2 Throat cancer: Symptoms, pictures, causes, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312087

  Doctors often prescribe a combination of therapies. Some treatments, such as radiation and chemotherapy, may cause unwanted side effects. However, most of these resolve after treatment ends. […] People with throat cancer should ask their doctor what to expect and how to manage side effects if they occur. […] Some people join a clinical trial. This can give access to new treatments that may not yet be widely available. A clinical trial can only happen if experts have strong evidence that a treatment is likely to be safe. A person should talk with their doctor or care team about opportunities to take part in a clinical trial.

• #2 Throat Cancer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/throat-cancer

  At City of Hope, we understand how throat cancer and its treatments can impact patients quality of life, sometimes in debilitating ways. The two most common treatment-related side effects for throat cancer, for example, are changes in voice and difficulty swallowing. […] Each throat cancer patient has access to personalized supportive care therapies as part of his or her treatment plan. A speech therapist may help patients restore their ability to speak clearly, while also recommending exercises and other techniques to help manage difficulty swallowing, for example. […] Patients who undergo a laryngectomy to remove the larynx (or voice box) may opt for a tracheoesophageal puncture, or TEP, which involves a head and neck surgeon placing a small, one-way valve between the trachea and the esophagus, allowing air to reach the lungs while blocking food, saliva and liquids. The valve also produces a vibration that the patient may use for voicing. […] At City of Hope, treating cancer is about more than treating the disease. It requires a holistic, personalized approach to treating the whole patient.

• #2 Radiotherapy Effects For Throat Cancer | Mouth Cancer Foundation

  https://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org/patient-experiences/m-bs-story-recovery-from-the-effects-of-radiotherapy-following-treatment-for-throat-cancer/

  I found that the radiotherapy affected the muscles of my throat and made swallowing difficult. […] Because of the effects of the radiation on the soft palate (the soft part of the roof of your mouth at the back), I found that when eating or drinking there was a tendency for the food to reflux up into my nose. […] The radiotherapy causes considerable swelling of the cheeks as well as the tongue and other tissues around the mouth. […] I have already mentioned the effects of radiation on the tongue in relation to taste. Another effect is the restriction of tongue movement that will occur for a number of months following treatment. […] I am sure that you will have been told of the importance of good dental hygiene. This is doubly important following radiation treatment due to the effects of the radiation on the jaw.

• #2 Throat Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23136-throat-cancer

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. Healthcare providers often combine chemotherapy with radiation therapy to treat throat cancer. […] Your healthcare provider may recommend less common treatments for throat cancer, like targeted therapy or immunotherapy. […] Schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider if you have unexplained head and neck symptoms that havent improved within a few weeks. […] Healthcare providers can sometimes cure throat cancer that hasnt spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. But more advanced cancers are harder to treat. […] If youve been treated for throat cancer, you may need help managing the long-term effects. Both radiation therapy and surgery can affect your ability to swallow, speak or hear.

• #3 Throat cancer – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20366496

  Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy is often used along with radiation therapy in treating throat cancers. Certain chemotherapy drugs make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. […] Targeted drugs treat throat cancer by taking advantage of specific defects in cancer cells that fuel the cells’ growth. […] Immunotherapy uses your immune system to fight cancer. […] Immunotherapy treatments are generally reserved for people with advanced throat cancer that’s not responding to standard treatments. […] Treatment for throat cancer often causes complications that may require working with specialists to regain the ability to swallow, eat solid foods and talk. […] Palliative care is specialized medical care that focuses on providing relief from pain and other symptoms of a serious illness. Palliative care specialists work with you, your family and your other doctors to provide an extra layer of support that complements your ongoing care.

• #3 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Protocols: Treatment Protocols

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2006216-overview

  The decision to treat with induction chemotherapy rather than concurrent chemoradiation or surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy alone should be made by a multidisciplinary tumor board (including a medical oncologist, a radiation therapist, and an ENT surgeon). […] Treatment recommendations include the use of single-agent or combination chemotherapy. […] Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens are preferred if these agents can be tolerated by the patient; if they cannot be tolerated, single agents have been used in this setting. […] Second-line chemotherapy is given after disease progression or recurrence following completion of first-line therapy. […] Third-line therapies are given after disease progression or recurrence following completion of first-line and second-line therapies. […] Patients should be treated with platinum-based chemotherapy regimens if they have not previously received a platinum-based drug.

• #3 Throat Cancer – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/cancer/types-treatments/head-neck-cancers/throat-cancer

  Our dedicated speech pathologists create a relationship with the patient at the time of diagnosis and help patients preserve and regain these functions. […] Throat cancer, as well as treatment for throat cancer, can potentially harm a patients ability to talk, eat and swallow. […] We have found that immunotherapy, which helps the immune system fight cancer, can improve survival in some throat cancer patients while reducing treatment-related side effects. […] The mainstay of cancer treatment for most type of cancers is chemotherapy. […] Within surgery, we’re technology driven. So we really are integrating robotic surgery into head and neck cancer management. […] It’s a very exciting area for head and neck cancer management.

• #3 6 Innovative Throat Cancer Treatment Options | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/throat-cancer/throat-cancer-treatment.html

  As one of the worlds premier cancer centers, MD Anderson develops and participates in clinical trials of new therapies for throat cancer. […] Throat cancer and its treatments can impact a persons ability to eat, drink and speak, as well as their appearance. […] MD Anderson offers therapies and services to help throat cancer patients adjust to and overcome these challenges as much as possible. […] Regular follow-up and screenings are vital due to the high risk of throat cancer returning to the throat or other areas in the head and neck region. […] Throat cancer patients are also strongly urged not to smoke or drink alcohol during and after treatment.

• #3 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hdneck

  Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): an advanced mode of high-precision radiotherapy that uses computer-controlled x-ray accelerators. […] The side effects depend on the site and extent of the head and neck cancer and whether it is done in conjunction with chemotherapy. […] Generally, the side effects of radiation therapy become apparent about two weeks into the treatment course, when a sore throat, loss of taste sensation, dryness of the mouth and dry skin reactions may occur. Sore throat is the main side effect that makes the course of radiation therapy difficult. […] If your sore throat is severe, you may be unable to take in enough food and liquids by mouth to maintain your weight or avoid dehydration. Your doctors will then insert a feeding tube temporarily into your stomach (a gastrostomy tube), which will allow you to maintain adequate nutrition without having to swallow all of the food that you need.

• #3 What Every Patient Should Know About Laryngeal Cancer | Larynx Cancer | Voice Box Cancer | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/head-and-neck-cancer/voicebox/what-patients-should-know

  For those cancers that are of intermediate size (T2, small T3), treatment decisions are more difficult. […] Deeply invasive cancers are best treated with surgical excision, often combined with modified or selective neck dissection (removal of lymph nodes). […] Standard treatment for patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has historically consisted of total laryngectomy, often combined with modified neck dissection. […] Many patients and physicians will select primary radiation for treatment of advanced laryngeal cancers. […] One of the most exciting advances in the treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer has been the introduction of chemotherapy as initial treatment. […] This approach has now been extended to patients with pharyngeal (throat) cancers that would normally also require total laryngectomy.

• #3 Throat Cancer Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/head-neck-institute/cancer/throat/treatment

  After treatment of pharyngeal cancer, your doctor will insist on monitoring you for signs of cancer recurrence as well as possible spread. Your doctor may request seeing you every one to three months during your first year to look for possible signs of tumor regrowth. This evaluation will include a thorough physical examination of your head and neck — examining the area of the tumor’s original position and checking your neck closely for possible spread to the lymph nodes. A careful schedule of imaging, often with PET-CT scan, will also be employed as ongoing surveillance for disease. […] Eventually, follow-up visits may be required only once or twice a year. During these visits, the greater concern is not the possibility of the original cancer coming back, but concern that a second cancer may develop in the head and neck region. This is especially true in patients who continue to use tobacco and alcohol after treatment.

• #4 Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/hdneck

  A clear goal of treatment must be determined for each patient before therapy starts. […] Palliative courses of treatment generally entail giving a moderate dose of radiation over a short time. […] On the other hand, if there is a reasonable chance of cure (the definition of reasonable can vary, depending on the situation, but generally at least 5 percent to 10 percent), then a longer and more arduous course of treatment is generally planned. […] Some new treatments are available, as are new ways of combining old treatments. A good example of the latter is the use in recent years of a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer.

• #4 Throat Cancer Treatment NYC | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/locations/head-neck-institute/cancer/throat/treatment

  If a new cancer, called a second primary cancer, were to occur, it would be important to identify it while it is small and often early-stage to achieve the best cure rate using the least invasive means of treatment. For these reasons, close follow-up care is essential after pharyngeal cancer treatment.

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