Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bird flu (avian influenza) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bird-flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20568390

  Bird flu, also called avian influenza, is caused by influenza type A virus infections in bird species. Depending on the strain, bird flu may cause the bird to have no symptoms, mild illness, serious illness or lead to the death of the bird. […] In humans, flu is a viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. Symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to flu symptoms and may be mild to serious. […] Bird flu symptoms can be mild to serious in a person. Symptoms typically show up within seven days of contact with the virus but can take as long as two weeks. A person can get infected from direct contact with an infected animal, or the bedding or stool of the animal. […] Common bird flu symptoms include: Fever. Problems breathing. Pink eye, also called conjunctivitis. Upset stomach and vomiting. Loose stool, called diarrhea. […] Bird flu may cause breathing problems more often than other kinds of flu. And during bird flu pandemics, the risk that a person with flu will need a machine to help them breathe is higher.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu in People | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Signs and symptoms of moderate to severe disease from bird flu in people may include: high fever or other symptoms listed above that limit or prevent usual activity, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, seizures. […] The time from when a person is exposed and infected with avian influenza A(H5) viruses to when respiratory symptoms begin is about three days but can range from about 2 to 7 days. […] Bird flu usually lasts a few days to less than two weeks, but how long symptoms last can vary by person. People who are severely ill (for example, intubated for severe pneumonia and respiratory failure) may be sick for several weeks. […] Some people who have had bird flu in the United States have reported no symptoms. It is not currently known how common this is. People who do not have symptoms can still be contagious to others.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Bird flu symptoms include fever, sore throat, cough, stuffy or runny nose, fatigue, muscle aches, digestive issues and more. […] Bird flu symptoms are sometimes mild, but many people develop severe respiratory complications. […] Symptoms of bird flu include: Pink eye (conjunctivitis), Fever, Fatigue, Cough, Muscle aches, Sore throat, Nausea and vomiting, Diarrhea, Stuffy or runny nose, Shortness of breath (dyspnea). […] These symptoms can be mild or severe. Most recent cases of bird flu in the U.S. have caused pink eye and mild respiratory symptoms. […] Bird flu can often cause severe illness. Complications include: Pneumonia, Acute respiratory distress, Bacterial infections, Sepsis, Brain swelling, like meningoencephalitis, Respiratory failure. […] Some people with bird flu only have mild symptoms, or even no symptoms at all. If you get severely ill, you’ll need to stay in the hospital so a healthcare team can monitor your symptoms and treat you for complications right away. […] Overall, the mortality (death) rate for bird flu in humans is high historically, about half of all people with known infections have died. But most recent cases in the U.S. have been mild.

• #1 Avian influenza Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/avian-influenza

  Symptoms of avian flu infection in humans depend on the strain of virus. The avian influenza virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptoms, such as: Cough, Diarrhea, Trouble breathing, Fever greater than 100.4°F (38°C), Headache, General ill feeling (malaise), Muscle aches, Runny nose, Sore throat. […] Since April 2024, there have been a total of 61 reported cases of H5N1 in humans in the United States. Symptoms have included a cough, runny nose, sore throat, chills, fever, and conjunctivitis (eye infection). […] The outlook depends on the type of avian flu virus and how bad the infection is. The disease can be fatal.

• #1 Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu in People | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Most human cases of bird flu, caused by avian influenza A(H5) virus, in the United States have been mild, so far, and most were in people who had known exposure to sick or infected animals. […] The severity of illness associated with bird flu has ranged from mild to severe, including death. […] The reported signs and symptoms of bird flu in humans have varied. Eye redness has been the predominant symptom among recent U.S. cases of avian influenza A(H5) virus infection. Respiratory symptoms and fever were also reported. […] Mild signs and symptoms of bird flu in people may include: eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis), mild fever (temperature of 100F [37.8C] or greater) or feeling feverish, cough, sore throat, runny or stuff nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue. […] Eye redness has been the predominant symptom among recent U.S. cases of avian influenza A(H5) virus infection.

• #1 Bird Flu H5N1 (Avian influenza): Symptoms in Humans | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/avian-influenza-virus/

  Avian flu symptoms can include high fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. […] Bird flu symptoms in humans may include: A high fever, Muscle aches, Sore throat, Runny nose, Feeling tired, Headache, A sudden cough, Shortness of breath, Diarrhea, A general feeling of sickness, Stomach ache, Chest pain, Bleeding from the nose and gums, Eye inflammation. […] The severity of these symptoms can depend, with some people only experiencing mild to moderate symptoms and others experiencing severe symptoms which may become fatal. […] The symptoms of bird flu can appear suddenly, and can shift gradually to more severe disease such as severe respiratory illness, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and neurologic symptoms such as seizure or changes in thinking and behavior. […] The avian influenza virus does not often spread to humans, but when it does, it can cause severe symptoms that can quickly get worse and can be fatal in many cases.

• #1 Frequently asked questions about bird flu | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/2025-03-11-frequently-asked-questions-about-bird-flu/

  Most cases have been mild. Even so, some people have been hospitalized, and one has died. […] Mild symptoms may include: Eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis) the most common symptom in the current outbreak. Mild fever (100F or greater) or feeling feverish. Cough. Sore throat. Runny or stuffy nose. Muscle or body aches. Headaches. Fatigue. […] Less common symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. […] Moderate to severe symptoms may include: Any of the mild symptoms above that end up limiting or preventing your regular activity. High fever. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Difficulty staying awake or alert. Seizures. […] Complications like pneumonia can also result from severe illness. […] What are the symptoms of bird flu in animals? Bird flu symptoms in animals vary, but they can include: Sudden death. Weakness or lethargy. Loss of appetite. Swelling around the head, neck, or eyes. Diarrhea. Trouble breathing, like coughing. Unusual behavior or movement. Drop in egg production in chickens. Drop in milk production or abnormal milk consistency in dairy cows. […] Not all infected animals will have symptoms and some may look healthy.

• #1 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Symptoms and treatment – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1.html

  Human infections with avian influenza A(H5N1) are rare and usually occur after close contact with infected birds or highly contaminated environments such as poultry farms or live animal markets. […] Some infected people may not develop any symptoms at all. However, if symptoms do develop, illness can range from mild to very severe, including death. It usually takes from 1 to 5 days, and occasionally longer, for symptoms to appear after exposure. […] Symptoms often start with: cough, shortness of breath, fever, aching muscles, headache. […] In rare cases, the infection may progress quickly to: severe respiratory illness, which can include: difficulty breathing, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neurological changes (changed mental state or seizures). […] In severe cases, the infection may also lead to multi-organ failure, which can include kidney and liver dysfunction and cardiac impairment, and lead to death.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/influenza-h5n1

  H5N1 influenza virus infection can cause a range of diseases in humans, from mild to severe and in some cases, it can even be fatal. Symptoms reported have primarily been respiratory, but conjunctivitis and other non-respiratory symptoms have also been reported. […] The symptoms of H5N1 infection may include fever (often high fever, 38C) and malaise, cough, sore throat and muscle aches. Other early symptoms may include conjunctivitis and other non-respiratory symptoms. The infection may progress quickly to severe respiratory illness and neurologic changes (altered mental status or seizures). […] H5N1 virus has also been detected in samples collected from people without symptoms who had exposure to infected animals or their environments.

• #1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7120431/

  Symptoms of the respiratory system include respiratory catarrh symptoms, cough and expectoration, dyspnea, cyanosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleuritis, and pleural effusion. […] The patients with severe avian influenza can develop pulmonary hemorrhage due to diffuse alveolar injury and diffuse intravascular blood coagulation. The clinical manifestations include cough-up typical bloody sputum. […] In severe cases of human infection by avian influenza, the patients develop pleuritis and pleural effusion at the middle or advanced stage, mostly 6-12 days after the onset. […] The typical course of human infection with avian influenza can be divided into three stages: the early stage, the progressive stage, and the convalescent stage. […] The early stage refers to the initial 1-4 days after the onset. It is characterized by an acute onset with fever as the first symptom and a body temperature of above 38 C. Other symptoms might also occur, including respiratory symptoms like cough with sputum as well as headache, fatigue, general muscle soreness, costalgia, and general upset.

• #1 H5N1 bird flu: Questions patients may have and how to answer | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/h5n1-bird-flu-questions-patients-may-have-and-how-answer

  People who are exposed should monitor themselves daily for signs and symptoms of new illness for up to 10 days after the last known exposure. The incubation period depends on the strain of the virus, the dose, the route of exposure and the species. Available data suggests that the estimated incubation period for human infection with A(H5N1) virus is generally three to five days, but has been reported to be as long as seven to 10 days. […] The A(H5N1) virus infection in people cannot be diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms alone. Laboratory testing is needed to confirm A(H5N1) virus infection in humans. […] The risk of A(H5N1) virus infection is low for the general public in the U.S. But people who work with birds, poultry or cows, or have recreational exposure to them, are at higher risk.

• #1 Avian Influenza – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553072/

  In patients with avian influenza requiring hospitalization, the overall reported mortality rate exceeds 50% for all strains of avian influenza virus infection combined. More detailed data suggest that H7N9 infection has a lower mortality rate of 40%, compared to 52% for H5N1 infection. Avian influenza infections can lead to severe complications, including severe respiratory issues and the involvement of multiple organ systems. Respiratory complications are particularly prominent, with major concerns including primary viral pneumonia, ARDS, and secondary bacterial pneumonia.

• #1 Avian Flu

  https://acphd.org/avian-flu/

  H5N1 bird flu can also infect mammals such as cats, raccoons and skunks. Human infections are rare but can occur, especially in people with prolonged contact with infected animals. […] So far, the California farm worker cases are reported to have experienced mild symptoms, including eye redness or discharge (conjunctivitis), and none were hospitalized. […] CDC confirmed a case of bird flu in a child in Alameda County who experienced mild upper respiratory symptoms in November. […] A blood sample taken from the child 4 weeks after infection and tested at CDC did not detect antibodies to the H5N1 bird flu virus. […] Bird flu is diagnosed by finding H5N1 genetic material in the nose, throat or conjunctiva (area around the eyes). The positive bird flu test in November identified H5N1 genetic material in the child’s nose. […] If you were exposed to saliva, mucus, or feces from sick birds or handled any carcasses of dead birds without the use of PPE and have developed illness, seek medical attention right away. […] Treatment is available, but must be started soon after illness onset.

• #1 How to prevent bird flu | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/7-bird-flu-questions-answered.h00-159774867.html

  Many of bird flus early symptoms look the same as other flu-like illnesses. Bird flu symptoms may include: Cough, Sore throat, Runny nose, Fevers, Muscle aches. A more unique bird flu symptom that occurs in many patients is eye redness and irritation. Most people whove had H5N1 had mild symptoms like the ones listed above. However, bird flu can be severe in humans, causing symptoms such as pneumonia. As of March 2025, at least one patient has died from bird flu. […] Labs can test for H5N1 bird flu in people with symptoms and risk factors. However, these tests arent yet widely available. While there are tests that can detect other types of influenza in humans, these tests dont detect H5N1, though available tests may detect influenza but not the subtype.

• #1 Bird flu

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bird-flu/

  The main symptoms of bird flu can appear very quickly and include: a very high temperature or feeling hot or shivery […] It usually takes 3 to 5 days for the first symptoms to appear after you’ve been infected. Within days of symptoms appearing, it’s possible to develop more severe complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Getting treatment quickly, using antiviral medicine, may prevent complications and reduce the risk of developing severe illness.

• #1 H5N1 bird flu: Questions patients may have and how to answer | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/h5n1-bird-flu-questions-patients-may-have-and-how-answer

  People rarely get A(H5N1) virus infections, but when they do, it is most often acquired through close, prolonged and unprotected contactno gloves, protective wear, face masks, respirators or eye protectionwith infected birds or other animals. […] Antiviral treatment works best when started early after symptoms begin. Antivirals can also be given soon after unprotected exposuresuch as not using respiratory and eye protectionto prevent infection and illness. […] There is Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral treatment for seasonal flu that can be used for A(H5N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment is recommended with oseltamivir as soon as possible for outpatients and hospitalized patients who are suspected, probable or confirmed cases of human infection with A(H5N1).

• #1 Avian Flu – Bird Flu – Avian Flu Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/avian-flu/

  In some cases, avian flu can cause mental confusion and seizures. At its worst, it can lead to death. […] As with any flu virus, some people have higher risk of developing a serious illness. These include: Pregnant women, People with weakened immune systems, Seniors age 65 or older. […] Living with avian flu may mean a week or two of living with mild symptoms that get better over time. Rest and fluids will help.

• #1 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Avian influenza, commonly known as “bird flu,” is a highly contagious disease caused by certain influenza A viruses. These viruses mainly infect and spread among wild aquatic birds like ducks and geese as well as domestic poultry like chickens and turkeys. Backyard flocks (poultry or other birds) are also at risk, as are captive or pet birds with access to the outdoors, where they could be exposed to infected wild birds or virus-contaminated surfaces or materials. […] “Highly pathogenic” avian influenza (HPAI) viruses are of particular concern because they cause severe disease and death in poultry. H5N1 viruses are the most notable in this regard. Most wild birds don’t get sick from HPAI but can still circulate and carry the viruses wherever they migrate. […] Unfortunately, it is extremely rare for poultry to recover from HPAI. For other birds, the chance of recovery depends on the severity of their infection and their species, as some bird species are more resilient to HPAI than others.

• #1 Avian influenza A (H5N1) in cats | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-h5n1-cats

  Since the U.S. outbreak of avian influenza A (H5N1) in dairy cattle began in March 2024, dozens of cats are known to have contracted the virus, including barn and feral cats, indoor cats, and big cats in zoos and in the wild (e.g., mountain lions, tigers, leopards, and bobcats). Cats appear to be particularly susceptible to severe illness, often resulting in death. […] Illness may start with loss of appetite, lethargy, and fever, then quickly progress, with cats exhibiting: Neurologic signs (e.g., ataxia [incoordination], circling, tremors, seizures, or blindness), Severe depression, Heavy discharge from the nose and eyes, Other respiratory signs, including rapid or difficulty breathing, and possibly sneezing or coughing. […] No vaccine is available yet to protect cats against H5N1. Cat owners and caretakers can help keep their cats safe by following these tips: Refrain from feeding cats any dairy products or colostrum that have not first been pasteurized or thoroughly cooked to kill the virus. Thoroughly cook meat before feeding, and avoid feeding raw meat-based treats or diets.

• #1 Avian Influenza | Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceLockBack to top

  https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza

  Avian influenza, or „bird flu,” is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds. It’s a major threat to the poultry industry, animal health, trade, and the economy worldwide. […] Caused by influenza type A viruses, the disease varies in severity depending on the strain and species affected. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains are deadly to domestic poultry and can wipe out entire flocks within a matter of days. Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) strains typically cause few or no signs of illness. They occur naturally in wild birds around the world. However, some LPAI strains can become highly pathogenic in poultry. […] Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Sudden death without any prior symptoms of illness, Lack of energy and appetite, A drop in egg production or soft-shelled, misshapen eggs, Swelling of the eyelids, comb, wattles, and shanks, Purple discoloration of the wattles, comb, and legs, Gasping for air (difficulty breathing), Nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, Twisting of the head and neck (torticollis), Stumbling or falling down, Diarrhea. […] Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza: LPAI-infected poultry usually don’t show any signs of illness. If they do, you may see mild to severe respiratory distress, lack of energy and appetite, decreased egg production, and diarrhea.

• #1 MDARD – Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdard/animals/diseases/avian/avian-influenza

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly called bird flu, is a virus found among various species of birds. HPAI viruses cause severe illness in chickens and turkeys and can wipe out entire flocks in days. Potential symptoms include: sudden death, drop in egg production, nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, and diarrhea. […] Cases of the disease continue to be found in Michigan’s wildlife and domestic animals. In March 2024, the virus was also detected in Michigan dairy cattle. Regardless of the species, biosecurity remains the best tool to combat HPAI. […] Unlike HPAI in birds which is typically fatal, little to no mortality has been reported among dairy cattle with most animals recovering. The virus may cause a decreased milk supply along with other mild symptoms.

• #2 Avian Influenza – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553072/

  Avian influenza, commonly known as „bird flu,” is a zoonotic disease caused by avian influenza A viruses. While these viruses primarily infect birds, they can occasionally transmit to humans, resulting in severe illness and potentially death. Most cases of avian influenza present with symptoms similar to those of seasonal influenza and can rapidly progress to severe disease. Early symptoms typically include fever, cough, sore throat, and myalgia, while progressive symptoms such as dyspnea, chest pain, and fatigue suggest lower respiratory tract involvement. Certain avian influenza strains, such as H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9, are more frequently associated with severe illness. A characteristic feature of advanced disease is rapid symptom progression over a few days, particularly severe dyspnea. […] Due to the disease’s potential severity in humans, healthcare professionals must remain vigilant when assessing patients with relevant exposure history and symptoms. Early recognition, timely laboratory confirmation, and appropriate management are critical for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of further transmission. The infective and pathogenic capabilities of avian influenza viruses are influenced by their tendency to attach to specific sialic acid receptors on host cells. Respiratory failure due to primary viral pneumonia is the most common cause of death, often resulting from diffuse alveolar damage and hemorrhage caused by viral replication and immune-mediated injury.

• #2 Bird flu

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bird-flu/

  The main symptoms of bird flu can appear very quickly and include: a very high temperature or feeling hot or shivery […] It usually takes 3 to 5 days for the first symptoms to appear after you’ve been infected. Within days of symptoms appearing, it’s possible to develop more severe complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Getting treatment quickly, using antiviral medicine, may prevent complications and reduce the risk of developing severe illness.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu in People | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Most human cases of bird flu, caused by avian influenza A(H5) virus, in the United States have been mild, so far, and most were in people who had known exposure to sick or infected animals. […] The severity of illness associated with bird flu has ranged from mild to severe, including death. […] The reported signs and symptoms of bird flu in humans have varied. Eye redness has been the predominant symptom among recent U.S. cases of avian influenza A(H5) virus infection. Respiratory symptoms and fever were also reported. […] Mild signs and symptoms of bird flu in people may include: eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis), mild fever (temperature of 100F [37.8C] or greater) or feeling feverish, cough, sore throat, runny or stuff nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue. […] Eye redness has been the predominant symptom among recent U.S. cases of avian influenza A(H5) virus infection.

• #2 Avian influenza Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/avian-influenza

  Symptoms of avian flu infection in humans depend on the strain of virus. The avian influenza virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptoms, such as: Cough, Diarrhea, Trouble breathing, Fever greater than 100.4°F (38°C), Headache, General ill feeling (malaise), Muscle aches, Runny nose, Sore throat. […] Since April 2024, there have been a total of 61 reported cases of H5N1 in humans in the United States. Symptoms have included a cough, runny nose, sore throat, chills, fever, and conjunctivitis (eye infection). […] The outlook depends on the type of avian flu virus and how bad the infection is. The disease can be fatal.

• #2 Chicago Department of Public Health

  https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/cdph/supp_info/infectious/h5n1-bird-flu.html

  Avian Influenza (H5N1), also known as H5 bird flu, is a viral infection known to be highly contagious and often deadly among wild birds. […] People rarely get bird flu. When they do, it’s usually due to close contact with sick animals. […] Symptoms in people usually begin 2 to 7 days after exposure to the virus. […] Most people in the U.S. who have developed H5 bird flu have had mild symptoms, and some people may not have any symptoms. However, several severe infections have occurred, including at least one death. […] Eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis) has been the most common symptom reported. […] Other mild symptoms can be similar to seasonal flu, including fever, cough, stuffy nose, sore throat, muscle/body aches, headache, and fatigue. […] Severe disease can cause difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, or seizures. Complications of H5N1 infection can include pneumonia, multi-organ failure, sepsis, inflammation of the brain, and death.

• #2 Frequently asked questions about bird flu | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/2025-03-11-frequently-asked-questions-about-bird-flu/

  Most cases have been mild. Even so, some people have been hospitalized, and one has died. […] Mild symptoms may include: Eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis) the most common symptom in the current outbreak. Mild fever (100F or greater) or feeling feverish. Cough. Sore throat. Runny or stuffy nose. Muscle or body aches. Headaches. Fatigue. […] Less common symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. […] Moderate to severe symptoms may include: Any of the mild symptoms above that end up limiting or preventing your regular activity. High fever. Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Difficulty staying awake or alert. Seizures. […] Complications like pneumonia can also result from severe illness. […] What are the symptoms of bird flu in animals? Bird flu symptoms in animals vary, but they can include: Sudden death. Weakness or lethargy. Loss of appetite. Swelling around the head, neck, or eyes. Diarrhea. Trouble breathing, like coughing. Unusual behavior or movement. Drop in egg production in chickens. Drop in milk production or abnormal milk consistency in dairy cows. […] Not all infected animals will have symptoms and some may look healthy.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Bird Flu in People | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Signs and symptoms of moderate to severe disease from bird flu in people may include: high fever or other symptoms listed above that limit or prevent usual activity, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, seizures. […] The time from when a person is exposed and infected with avian influenza A(H5) viruses to when respiratory symptoms begin is about three days but can range from about 2 to 7 days. […] Bird flu usually lasts a few days to less than two weeks, but how long symptoms last can vary by person. People who are severely ill (for example, intubated for severe pneumonia and respiratory failure) may be sick for several weeks. […] Some people who have had bird flu in the United States have reported no symptoms. It is not currently known how common this is. People who do not have symptoms can still be contagious to others.

• #2 Bird Flu: Outbreak, Symptoms, Treatment, Types, Spread & Risks

  https://www.medicinenet.com/avian_influenza_bird_flu/article.htm

  Bird flu (Avian Flu H5N1) Avian (bird) flu symptoms include sore throat, cough, fever, and nausea. […] Bird flu symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, and nausea. […] Symptoms often progress to severe breathing problems, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). […] Symptoms occur approximately two to eight days after exposure, on average. Infected people experience typical flu-like symptoms that may include fever (above 38 C or 100.4 F), feeling unwell (malaise), cough (usually dry or nonproductive of sputum), sore throat, muscle aches and/or pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, joint pain, lethargy, nasal secretions (runny nose or sneezing), insomnia, and eye infections (conjunctivitis). […] This viral infection can progress to pneumonia and even respiratory failure. Bird flu causes a very aggressive form of pneumonia (acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS) that is often fatal.

• #2 Bird flu (avian influenza) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/bird-flu-avian-influenza

  When people are infected with bird flu, no symptoms, or mild symptoms such as red sore eyes (conjunctivitis) or mild respiratory symptoms are most common. However, some strains of bird flu can cause symptoms similar to severe human flu (fever, cough, tiredness, muscle aches, sore throat, shortness of breath, runny nose, headache). Pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and diarrhoea may occur. […] Symptoms may appear between 1 and 10 days following exposure.

• #2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7120431/

  Symptoms of the respiratory system include respiratory catarrh symptoms, cough and expectoration, dyspnea, cyanosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleuritis, and pleural effusion. […] The patients with severe avian influenza can develop pulmonary hemorrhage due to diffuse alveolar injury and diffuse intravascular blood coagulation. The clinical manifestations include cough-up typical bloody sputum. […] In severe cases of human infection by avian influenza, the patients develop pleuritis and pleural effusion at the middle or advanced stage, mostly 6-12 days after the onset. […] The typical course of human infection with avian influenza can be divided into three stages: the early stage, the progressive stage, and the convalescent stage. […] The early stage refers to the initial 1-4 days after the onset. It is characterized by an acute onset with fever as the first symptom and a body temperature of above 38 C. Other symptoms might also occur, including respiratory symptoms like cough with sputum as well as headache, fatigue, general muscle soreness, costalgia, and general upset.

• #2 Bird Flu H5N1 (Avian influenza): Symptoms in Humans | Ada

  https://ada.com/conditions/avian-influenza-virus/

  Avian flu symptoms can include high fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches. […] Bird flu symptoms in humans may include: A high fever, Muscle aches, Sore throat, Runny nose, Feeling tired, Headache, A sudden cough, Shortness of breath, Diarrhea, A general feeling of sickness, Stomach ache, Chest pain, Bleeding from the nose and gums, Eye inflammation. […] The severity of these symptoms can depend, with some people only experiencing mild to moderate symptoms and others experiencing severe symptoms which may become fatal. […] The symptoms of bird flu can appear suddenly, and can shift gradually to more severe disease such as severe respiratory illness, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and neurologic symptoms such as seizure or changes in thinking and behavior. […] The avian influenza virus does not often spread to humans, but when it does, it can cause severe symptoms that can quickly get worse and can be fatal in many cases.

• #2 Facts about Avian Flu – Delaware County, Pennsylvania

  https://www.delcopa.gov/health/pages/aflu.html

  Illness in people from avian flu infections have ranged in severity from no symptoms or mild illness to severe disease that resulted in death. […] Mild signs and symptoms of bird flu in people may include: eye redness and irritation (conjunctivitis), mild fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuff nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, fatigue. […] Eye redness has been the predominant symptom among recent U.S. cases of bird flu infection. Less common symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. […] Signs and symptoms of moderate to severe disease from bird flu in people may include: high fever or other symptoms listed above that limit or prevent usual activity, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, altered consciousness, seizures.

• #2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7120431/

  The progressive stage usually begins at day 5 after the onset and lasts for about 6-16 days, which may be longer in rare cases. […] The conditions of severe type may rapidly progress into acute lung injury or ARDS, leading to respiratory failure. Multiple system dysfunction or failure commonly occurs to complicate the conditions. […] The patients with one of the following conditions can be defined as the severe type: Dyspnea with breathing rate during rest being at least 30/min, accompanied by one of the following conditions: First, X-ray demonstrates multilobar lesions or anterior-posterior X-ray demonstrates a total area of lesions accounting for over one-third of both lungs. Second, the total area of lesions increases by above 50 % within 48 h and by anterior-posterior X-ray accounts for over one-fourth of both lungs.

• #2 Bird Flu: Outbreak, Symptoms, Treatment, Types, Spread & Risks

  https://www.medicinenet.com/avian_influenza_bird_flu/article.htm

  The prognosis in human cases of bird flu remains poor. Many cases occur in people who are poor, live in rural areas in underdeveloped countries, and do not have access to modern intensive-care units or antiviral therapy. Approximately 55% of people diagnosed with H5N1 bird flu eventually die from the disease; the H7N9 strain has a similar death rate of about 37%. Individuals who survive may have long-term problems if organ systems are severely damaged.

• #2 Bird flu (avian influenza)

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/bird-flu/

  The main symptoms of bird flu include: a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above, feeling hot or shivery, aching muscles, headache, a cough or shortness of breath. […] Other early symptoms may include: diarrhoea, sickness, stomach pain, chest pain, bleeding from the nose and gums, conjunctivitis. […] It takes about 3 to 5 days for the first symptoms of bird flu to appear. […] If you have symptoms of bird flu, you’ll be advised to stay at home or be treated in hospital. […] You may get antiviral medicine that can help: reduce the severity of the condition, prevent complications, improve the chances of survival. […] Getting treatment quickly may: prevent complications, such as pneumonia, reduce the risk of developing severe illness.

• #2 Q&A: What you need to know about bird flu in humans

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/news/headlines/qa-what-you-need-to-know-about-bird-flu-in-humans/2024/04

  Bird flu may cause illnesses similar to influenza (the flu) with fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose and muscle aches. Less commonly, humans may have diarrhea and vomiting, and more rarely, seizures. […] Bird flu is treated similarly to influenza in humans. The antiviral oseltamivir (Tamiflu) remains an effective option to treat humans infected with bird flu.

• #2 MDARD – Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdard/animals/diseases/avian/avian-influenza

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly called bird flu, is a virus found among various species of birds. HPAI viruses cause severe illness in chickens and turkeys and can wipe out entire flocks in days. Potential symptoms include: sudden death, drop in egg production, nasal discharge, coughing, sneezing, and diarrhea. […] Cases of the disease continue to be found in Michigan’s wildlife and domestic animals. In March 2024, the virus was also detected in Michigan dairy cattle. Regardless of the species, biosecurity remains the best tool to combat HPAI. […] Unlike HPAI in birds which is typically fatal, little to no mortality has been reported among dairy cattle with most animals recovering. The virus may cause a decreased milk supply along with other mild symptoms.

• #2 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  For backyard birds and pets alike, treatment typically needs to begin immediately and the animal placed in isolation to protect other animals and people from exposure to the virus. Because there is no specific treatment for HPAI infection, your veterinarian will focus on supporting the animal’s health and comfort as their body attempts to fight off the infection. […] Early detection of HPAI is important to stopping its spread. […] Infected birds in backyard flocks, and possibly pet birds, may show one or more of the following signs: Sudden death with no prior signs, Low energy or appetite, Purple discoloration or swelling of various body parts, Reduced egg production, or soft-shelled/misshapen eggs, Nasal discharge, coughing, or sneezing, Lack of coordination, Diarrhea. […] Clinical signs of HPAI infection in cats are better known than in dogs. Signs in either species may include the following: Fever, Lethargy, Low appetite, Reddened or inflamed eyes, Discharge from the eyes and nose, Coughing or sneezing, Difficulty breathing, Neurologic signs, like tremors, seizures, incoordination, or blindness.

• #2 Bird Flu: Everything You Need to Know About H5N1 Avian Influenza

  https://www.worldanimalprotection.us/latest/blogs/bird-flu-what-you-need-to-know-about-h5n1-avian-influenza/

  Respiratory symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or shortness of breath in moderate illness, can begin approximately three days after exposure and infection with an avian influenza H5 virus. […] Individuals infected with bird flu are thought to be contagious the first few days of their illness similar to seasonal flu viruses. […] According to Kristen Coleman, who researches airborne infectious diseases at the University of Maryland, symptoms of H5N1 avian influenza in companion animals can range from respiratory symptoms to mimicking rabies. […] Other symptoms of cats, who seem to be most susceptible at this time, infected with bird flu include: Loss of appetite, Lethargy, Fever, Reddened or inflamed eyes, Discharge from eyes and/or nose, Difficulty breathing, Neurological symptoms such as tremors, seizures, blindness, or incoordination.

• #2 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  What are the symptoms of avian influenza in birds? […] Low-pathogenic symptoms: High-pathogenic symptoms: Decreased egg production, Mild respiratory disease, In some cases, there will be no symptoms at all. […] Discharge from the eyes or nasal openings, Ruffled feathers, Decrease in appetite or drinking, Decreased egg production. […] Other possible symptoms: Swollen comb or wattle, Bluish comb, wattle, or legs, Blood-tinged nasal or eye discharge, Tilting head, Lack of coordination, Sudden death, Flock owners might also see a high death rate in their flock. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for avian influenza. If one or more of your birds are found to have the virus, the only option is to humanely euthanize your flock. High pathogenic avian influenza kills the majority of birds infected in a matter of days, sometimes within a single day. Birds infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza can spread the virus among flocks.

• #2 Avian influenza (bird flu): how to spot and report the disease – gov.scot

  https://www.gov.scot/publications/avian-influenza-bird-flu/

  Avian influenza (bird flu) mainly affects birds. It can also affect humans and other animals. […] Avian influenza viruses can be classified according to their ability to cause severe disease (pathogenicity) as either highly pathogenic or low pathogenic. […] In birds we are mainly concerned with H5 and H7 subtypes. It is known that the LPAI H5 and H7 virus subtypes can mutate into the highly pathogenic form that causes serious illness and deaths in birds, although in water fowl the disease may not be apparent. […] Typically, infection with LPAI is often difficult to detect, with very few if any clinical signs. An infected flock might show signs of respiratory distress, diarrhoea, a loss of appetite or a drop in egg production of more than 5%. […] Typically this form of the disease presents suddenly, often with very high mortality, with affected birds developing swollen heads, a blue colouration of the comb and wattles, dullness, lack of appetite, respiratory distress, diarrhoea and significant drop in egg production. […] However, there can be considerable variation in the clinical picture and severity of the disease.

• #3 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Symptoms and treatment – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1.html

  Human infections with avian influenza A(H5N1) are rare and usually occur after close contact with infected birds or highly contaminated environments such as poultry farms or live animal markets. […] Some infected people may not develop any symptoms at all. However, if symptoms do develop, illness can range from mild to very severe, including death. It usually takes from 1 to 5 days, and occasionally longer, for symptoms to appear after exposure. […] Symptoms often start with: cough, shortness of breath, fever, aching muscles, headache. […] In rare cases, the infection may progress quickly to: severe respiratory illness, which can include: difficulty breathing, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, neurological changes (changed mental state or seizures). […] In severe cases, the infection may also lead to multi-organ failure, which can include kidney and liver dysfunction and cardiac impairment, and lead to death.

• #3 Avian Influenza (Avian Flu, Bird Flu, H5N1)

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/avian/

  A very common symptom of avian influenza is red, itchy eyes (conjunctivitis), though not everyone with avian influenza will have this symptom. Other symptoms may include: Fever or feeling feverish, Cough, Sore throat, Runny or stuffy nose, Muscle or body aches, Headaches, Fatigue. […] Less common symptoms include diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. […] Though less common, avian influenza can also cause severe disease including high fever, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, altered mental status, and/or seizures. If you experience these symptoms, get medical attention right away.

• #3 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7120431/

  Highly pathogenic avian influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by some viral strains of avian influenza virus A. Its severity is highly diverse ranging from common cold-like symptoms to septicemia, shock, multiple organ failure, Reye syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, and other complications leading to death. […] Human infection of avian influenza commonly occurs in winters and springs. It has an acute onset and rapid progress. Within 1 week after onset, the conditions may rapidly progress and deteriorate into acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, pancytopenia, multiple organ failure, shock, Reye syndrome, and secondary bacterial infection and septicemia. Death may occur due to these complications. […] The patients with mild avian influenza experience fever for 1-7 days, mostly 3-4 days. With the conditions improved, the body temperature gradually returns to normal. However, the body temperature of patients with severe avian influenza might rise to above 39 C within 2-3 days, sometimes even 41 C. The high fever is persistent.

Zobacz więcej