Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bird flu (avian influenza) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bird-flu/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20568430

  To diagnose bird flu, a healthcare professional takes a sample of fluid from your nose and throat to test for evidence of bird flu infection. […] Medicines that stop the flu virus from spreading in the body, called antivirals, work to treat bird flu. These medicines work best when started as soon as you have symptoms. For this reason, your healthcare professional may prescribe a medicine for you before your flu lab test results comes back. […] These medicines can include oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza) or peramivir (Rapivab). […] If you have bird flu, stay in an area away from other people, including those you live with if possible. That will help prevent spreading the illness. […] If you do have bird flu, healthcare professionals may suggest testing for people who had close contact with you when you had symptoms. They may give antiviral medicine to people who were exposed to bird flu and are at high risk of serious illness.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  If identified early, you can treat bird flu with antiviral medications. A provider might prescribe: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Peramivir (Rapivab), Zanamivir (Relenza). […] Ways to reduce your risk of bird flu include: Wear protective clothing like gloves, a mask and goggles when working with birds, wild animals and livestock. […] Public health authorities like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S. monitor cases of bird flu in animals and people to try to reduce the risk of spread. Scientists are working to develop vaccines that could help prevent avian flu or reduce its severity. These could be put into use if there were a risk of a large outbreak.

• #1 Avian Influenza – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553072/

  Avian influenza, commonly known as „bird flu,” is a zoonotic disease caused by avian influenza A viruses. […] This course highlights discussions on various diagnostic modalities such as RT-PCR, imaging studies, modes of treatment including neuraminidase inhibitors, and supportive care for complications like ARDS and multiorgan failure, which can develop as complications from avian influenza infection. […] The treatment of avian influenza primarily focuses on supportive care and antiviral medications. Management mainly addresses the complications and sequelae of the infection. […] Neuraminidase inhibitors are the primary antiviral medications used to treat avian influenza, and early administration is essential for effectiveness. […] Oseltamivir: This drug of choice should be initiated as early as possible, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset.

• #1 Avian Influenza – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553072/

  Zanamivir: This drug can be used for patients who cannot tolerate oral oseltamivir, although it requires inhalation for administration. […] Peramivir: Peramivir is an IV neuraminidase inhibitor, providing an alternative for hospitalized patients or those unable to take oral or inhaled medications. […] Baloxavir marboxil, a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, may be considered in select cases where oseltamivir resistance is suspected or confirmed in patients with avian influenza. […] Oxygen therapy is essential for managing hypoxemia, and mechanical ventilation is crucial for patients with respiratory failure. […] The use of corticosteroids in avian influenza remains controversial and is not routinely recommended due to potential adverse effects, such as prolonged viral shedding and an increased risk of secondary infections.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Information for Clinicians and Veterinarians

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/avian/providers.htm

  Clinicians should consider the possibility of avian influenza in persons with conjunctivitis and/or other respiratory symptoms who have had recent contact with sick cattle, poultry, or wildlife. […] If avian influenza is suspected in a patient, clinicians should immediately isolate the patient and contact their local health department. […] Initiate empiric antiviral treatment. […] Administer oseltamivir, either orally or enterically, at the standard dose of 75 mg twice daily for 5 days, is recommended for symptomatic patients with confirmed, probable, or suspected avian influenza. […] Treatment should be initiated as early as possible, regardless of time since symptom onset.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500029-treatment

  Antiviral medication The cornerstone of treatment involves the administration of antiviral medication. It is crucial to tailor antiviral therapy to the patient’s age and the resistance profile of the virus, based on the area of exposure. Therapy should be initiated promptly, even if the presentation is late. […] Patients may require supportive care measures, including oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and parenteral nutrition to manage symptoms and support bodily functions. […] In severe cases, ventilatory support may be necessary. This includes intubation and the use of low-volume (high-frequency) ventilation to assist with breathing. […] Antibiotics may be administered to treat secondary bacterial pneumonia, although they are not routinely used unless there is clear evidence of bacterial infection.

• #1 Avian influenza Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/avian-influenza

  The treatment varies and is based on your symptoms. […] Treatment with the antiviral medicine oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may make the disease less severe. For the medicine to work, you need to start taking it within 48 hours after your symptoms start. […] Oseltamivir may also be prescribed for people who live in the same house as people with avian flu. This may prevent them from getting the illness. […] The virus that causes human avian flu is resistant to the antiviral medicines amantadine and rimantadine. These medicines should not be used in the case of an H5N1 infection. […] People with severe infection may need to be hospitalized and, sometimes, placed on a breathing machine. People infected with the virus also should be kept separate from non-infected people. […] Providers recommend that people get an influenza (flu) shot. This may cut down the chance that the avian flu virus will mix with a human flu virus. This might create a new virus that may easily spread.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) – Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County

  https://www.phdmc.org/avian-influenza-bird-flu

  CDC currently recommends treatment as soon as possible with flu antiviral drugs for people with suspected or confirmed avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment works best when started as soon as symptoms begin. If you get sick after being in close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, contact your state or local health department and a health care provider right away. They may have you tested for H5N1 bird flu, and a health care provider may write you a prescription for an antiviral drug to treat your illness. It’s important to take the medication as directed. […] Available data on avian influenza A viruses spreading worldwide suggest that avian influenza A virus infections can be treated with current flu antiviral drugs. […] Antivirals may also be given soon after unprotected exposure (not using respiratory and eye protection) to a sick person with confirmed or probable A(H5N1) virus infection or after unprotected exposure to sick or dead poultry or other infected animals to help prevent infection and illness.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/avian-influenza-bird-flu/

  How is bird flu treated? […] How bird flu is treated depends on what the virus is doing to your body. In some cases, antiviral medicines may help you feel better. But experts are concerned that certain antiviral medicines may not work against bird flu. […] If you have bird flu, you will stay in a private hospital room (isolation room) to reduce the chances of spreading the virus to others. When your doctors and nurses are caring for you, they will wear gloves and gowns. Some people who have bird flu may need a machine called a ventilator to help them breathe better. Other people may need a machine to help the kidneys work better (dialysis).

• #1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  People exposed to HPAI A(H5N1)-virus infected birds or other animals (including people wearing recommended PPE) should monitor themselves for new respiratory illness symptoms, and/or conjunctivitis (eye redness), beginning after their first exposure and for 10 days after their last exposure. […] Influenza antiviral post-exposure prophylaxis can be considered to prevent infection, particularly in those who had unprotected exposure to HPAI A(H5N1)-virus infected birds or other animals (more information below). […] Outpatients meeting epidemiologic exposure criteria who develop signs and symptoms compatible with influenza should be referred for prompt medical evaluation, testing, and empiric initiation of antiviral treatment with oseltamivir (twice daily x 5 days) as soon as possible. […] Hospitalized patients who are confirmed, probable, or suspected cases of human infection with HPAI A(H5N1) virus, regardless of time since illness onset are recommended to initiate antiviral treatment with oral or enterically administered oseltamivir as soon as possible.

• #1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for persons who properly used (including when taking off) recommended PPE and experienced no breaches while handling sick or potentially infected birds or other sick or dead animals or decontaminating infected environments (including animal disposal). […] Chemoprophylaxis with influenza antiviral medications can be considered for any person meeting epidemiologic exposure criteria. […] If antiviral chemoprophylaxis is initiated, oseltamivir treatment dosing (one dose twice daily) is recommended instead of the antiviral chemoprophylaxis regimen for seasonal influenza.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/BirdFluHP.aspx

  Antiviral treatment is recommended as soon as possible for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment should not be delayed while waiting for laboratory test results. […] The standard treatment dose of oseltamivir is 75 mg twice daily for 5 days for adults. […] Chemoprophylaxis dosing for influenza A (H5N1) is the same as treatment dosing: 75 mg twice daily for adults for 5 days if there has been a time-limited exposure OR 10 days if exposure is ongoing. […] Prophylaxis is recommended for household contacts of confirmed cases and can be considered in workers to infected or potentially infected cows who have had an unprotected discrete high-risk exposure such as a milk splash to the eye.

• #1 Avian Influenza | Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceLockBack to top

  https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza

  Avian influenza, or „bird flu,” is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds. It’s a major threat to the poultry industry, animal health, trade, and the economy worldwide. […] There is no treatment for HPAI. The only way to stop the disease is to depopulate all affected and exposed poultry. […] Because LPAI does not typically kill poultry the way HPAI does, there may be control options beyond depopulation. For example, quarantine or controlled marketing may also be appropriate.

• #1 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Bird owners should immediately contact their veterinarian or call the USDA toll-free hotline (866-536-7593) to report sick birds, including backyard flocks and migratory birds like ducks and geese. […] Unfortunately, it is extremely rare for poultry to recover from HPAI. For other birds, the chance of recovery depends on the severity of their infection and their species, as some bird species are more resilient to HPAI than others. For backyard birds and pets alike, treatment typically needs to begin immediately and the animal placed in isolation to protect other animals and people from exposure to the virus. Because there is no specific treatment for HPAI infection, your veterinarian will focus on supporting the animal’s health and comfort as their body attempts to fight off the infection.

• #1 Antibody therapy explored to combat bird flu

  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-antibody-therapy-explored-combat-bird.html

  Antibody therapy explored to combat bird flu […] A team that includes researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and the National Institutes of Health Vaccine Research Center say they have found that an antibody therapy lessened the severity and prevented death in monkeys that contacted the bird flu. […] The journal Science published the team’s findings, which explore the preventive effects of administering a neutralizing antibody before infection to minimize severe disease caused by H5N1 avian flu. […] Douglas Reed, associate professor of immunology at Pitt’s School of Medicine and a faculty member of its Center for Vaccine Research, said this type of therapy differs from a traditional vaccine but the basic principle of using antibody therapy to prevent and treat disease has been around for more than 100 years.

• #1 Antibody therapy explored to combat bird flu

  https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-05-antibody-therapy-explored-combat-bird.html

  „Vaccines help the body make its own antibodies. In contrast, inoculation with a broadly neutralizing antibody offers more direct protection by binding to and neutralizing H5N1 virus particles,” said Mr. Reed, who is the study’s co-corresponding author. […] In the study, monkeys were inoculated with a neutralizing antibody called MEDI8852, which was developed by biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, before being infected with bird flu three days later. […] „That said, antibody inoculation is not intended to protect against an infection, but can make the disease symptoms less severe and protect against death.” […] For the monkeys in the study, „the antibody protected against disease and death,” Mr. Reed said, though researchers „did see disease breakthrough at lower doses.” […] Researchers also noted that the protective serum levels „remained stable for eight to 12 weeks, which suggests to us that this prophylactic treatment could be useful for protecting first responders during the early stages of a H5N1 outbreak,” he said.

• #1 Avian Flu: How to treat the disease and protect the susceptible

  https://www.thewaterfowlsanctuary.co.uk/articles/ai.htm

  Since the nineteenth century domestic birds were recorded as suffering outbreaks of a disease that was referred to then as fowl plague but it was in the 1950s that this disease was identified as a strain of Influenza A. […] One such disruptive approach is to prevent the neuraminidase from releasing the newly formed virion. Neuraminidase Inhibitors nullify the neuraminidase protein and are very effective at essentially pressing pause on the virus. […] There are approved Neuraminidase Inhibitors available for human use. Oseltamivir (known as Tamiflu) Zanamivir and Peramivir are the commonly used drugs available. […] Interestingly there are many naturally occurring plant extracts that disrupt this protein and some are very effective Neuraminidase Inhibitors. […] Baicalin has been extensively tested around the world to determine its efficacy as an antiviral against numerous viruses. It has been proven to be an excellent treatment for hepatitis, influenza and Marek’s disease that affects chickens, along with many other viruses even cancer cells.

• #1 Avian influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_influenza

  Several „candidate vaccines” are available in case an avian virus acquires the ability to infect and transmit among humans. There are strategic stockpiles of vaccines against the H5N1 subtype, which is considered the biggest risk. A vaccine against the H7N9 subtype, which has also infected humans, has undergone a limited amount of testing. In the event of an outbreak, the „candidate” vaccine would be rapidly tested for safety as well as efficacy against the zoonotic strain, and then authorised and distributed to vaccine manufacturers. […] Zoonotic influenza vaccine Seqirus is authorized for use in the European Union. It is an H5N8 vaccine that is intended to provide acquired immunity against H5 subtype influenza A viruses.

• #1 Avian influenza – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_influenza

  Influenza A virus is shed in the saliva, mucus, and feces of infected birds; other infected animals may shed bird flu viruses in respiratory secretions and other body fluids (e.g., cow milk). The virus can spread rapidly through poultry flocks and among wild birds. A particularly virulent strain, influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) has the potential to decimate domesticated poultry stocks and an estimated half a billion farmed birds have been slaughtered in efforts to contain the virus. […] Since 2006, the World Organization for Animal Health requires all LPAI H5 and H7 detections to be reported because of their potential to mutate into highly pathogenic strains. […] It is possible to vaccinate poultry against specific strains of HPAI influenza. Vaccination should be combined with other control measures such as infection monitoring, early detection and biosecurity.

• #1 Frequently asked questions about bird flu | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/2025-03-11-frequently-asked-questions-about-bird-flu/

  Bird flu is treated with oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Treatment should begin as soon as possible, ideally within 48 hours after your symptoms began. You don’t need to wait for test results to start treatment. […] Currently, there’s no commercially available vaccine against bird flu viruses and no recommendation for people to get vaccinated against bird flu. The chance of getting bird flu for most people is low and the virus currently doesn’t spread between people, only from animals to people. When those at higher risk do get sick, they usually have mild to moderate symptoms. […] The annual flu vaccine also doesn’t protect against bird flu. But it’s still very important to get your flu shot, especially while the bird flu outbreak continues. Being protected against regular seasonal flu helps reduce your chance of being infected with both seasonal flu and bird flu at the same time. A double infection could make you very sick or even create a new combined flu virus.

• #1 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  Due to a new disease outbreak of HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza) H5N1 among dairy cattle, increased and consistently used PPE is recommended. […] In general, wearing coveralls, boots that can be disinfected, gloves, and eye protection can help protect workers from splashes and sprays on a farm. […] The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] Unfortunately, there is no cure for avian influenza. If one or more of your birds are found to have the virus, the only option is to humanely euthanize your flock. […] For flock owners who have invested in their birds or earn income from them, in some cases the USDA will provide compensation for the loss of birds euthanized to contain an outbreak of avian influenza. […] The USDA has not yet approved a vaccine for avian influenza, although testing on potential vaccines continues.

• #1 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/BirdFluHP.aspx

  Healthcare providers should consider avian influenza A in persons with acute respiratory symptoms and/or conjunctivitis and recent exposure to animals or humans suspected or confirmed to have avian influenza A OR recent consumption of raw dairy products. Of note, all cases among California dairy workers have had conjunctivitis. […] Antiviral treatment is recommended for patients suspected or confirmed to have avian influenza A infection and antiviral prophylaxis is recommended for their close (e.g., household) contacts. […] Healthcare providers who suspect influenza A (H5N1) virus infection should refer to the CDC’s Interim Guidance on the Use of Antiviral Medications for Treatment of Human Infections with Novel Influenza A Viruses Associated with Severe Human Disease and the CDC Emergency Use Instructions for Oseltamivir.

• #1 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500029-treatment

  The use of steroids has not shown overall benefits and is generally not recommended, except in cases of sepsis with adrenal insufficiency. […] Baloxavir acid (BXA) and its prodrug baloxavir marboxil (BXM) have demonstrated effectiveness in treating H7N9 influenza both in vitro and in vivo. Studies in mouse models have shown that BXM can provide complete protection from lethal challenges of the A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) strain, even when treatment is delayed up to 48 hours after infection and at higher virus doses. These findings support further investigation into their use in human treatments. […] Consultation with an infectious disease expert is recommended. […] Intensive care specialists need to be involved to manage severe disease. […] Ultimately, the WHO and/or CDC should be contacted; the CDC can safely perform testing for suspected avian influenza strains. […] Prophylactic antivirals are not indicated for patients who plan to travel to areas where avian influenza has been reported.

• #1 Oseltamivir in human avian influenza infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835509/

  Avian influenza A viruses continue to cause disease outbreaks in humans, and extrapulmonary infection is characteristic. In vitro studies demonstrate the activity of oseltamivir against avian viruses of the H5, H7 and H9 subtypes. In animal models of lethal infection, oseltamivir treatment and prophylaxis limit viral replication and improve survival. […] The WHO strongly recommends oseltamivir for the treatment of confirmed or suspected cases of human H5 infection and prophylaxis of those at high risk of infection. […] Oseltamivir also appears active in the attempts to control disease outbreaks caused by H7 avian viruses. […] Evidence pointing to the activity of oseltamivir against avian influenza in pre-clinical studies is supported by data in humans who have contracted H5N1. […] Overall, results from uncontrolled studies suggest that survival is improved 2-fold by the use of oseltamivir, with early therapy being recommended.

• #1 Oseltamivir in human avian influenza infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835509/

  However, the WHO recommends that late presentation should not preclude the initiation of oseltamivir therapy. […] Mortality remains high despite use of oseltamivir, but delayed initiation of treatment appears to be a key factor. […] Treatment with oseltamivir significantly improved crude survival rates for patients who received at least one dose. […] A significant survival benefit over no antiviral treatment remained even when oseltamivir was not initiated until days 6-8 of illness, but early treatment provided the greatest impact on mortality. […] Oseltamivir was effective as prevention in the murine studies of the 1997 Hong Kong virus discussed earlier when 5 day courses were started 4 h before potentially lethal infection with A/HK/156/97 (H5N1); 100% survival was reported with daily dosages 0.1 mg/kg.

• #2 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Bird owners should immediately contact their veterinarian or call the USDA toll-free hotline (866-536-7593) to report sick birds, including backyard flocks and migratory birds like ducks and geese. […] Unfortunately, it is extremely rare for poultry to recover from HPAI. For other birds, the chance of recovery depends on the severity of their infection and their species, as some bird species are more resilient to HPAI than others. For backyard birds and pets alike, treatment typically needs to begin immediately and the animal placed in isolation to protect other animals and people from exposure to the virus. Because there is no specific treatment for HPAI infection, your veterinarian will focus on supporting the animal’s health and comfort as their body attempts to fight off the infection.

• #2 Bird flu

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bird-flu/

  Getting treatment quickly, using antiviral medicine, may prevent complications and reduce the risk of developing severe illness. […] You may be given an antiviral medicine such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza). […] Antiviral medicines help reduce the severity of the condition, prevent complications and improve the chances of survival.

• #2 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/BirdFluHP.aspx

  Antiviral treatment is recommended as soon as possible for patients with suspected or confirmed influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. Antiviral treatment should not be delayed while waiting for laboratory test results. […] The standard treatment dose of oseltamivir is 75 mg twice daily for 5 days for adults. […] Chemoprophylaxis dosing for influenza A (H5N1) is the same as treatment dosing: 75 mg twice daily for adults for 5 days if there has been a time-limited exposure OR 10 days if exposure is ongoing. […] Prophylaxis is recommended for household contacts of confirmed cases and can be considered in workers to infected or potentially infected cows who have had an unprotected discrete high-risk exposure such as a milk splash to the eye.

• #2 Avian influenza Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/avian-influenza

  The treatment varies and is based on your symptoms. […] Treatment with the antiviral medicine oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) may make the disease less severe. For the medicine to work, you need to start taking it within 48 hours after your symptoms start. […] Oseltamivir may also be prescribed for people who live in the same house as people with avian flu. This may prevent them from getting the illness. […] The virus that causes human avian flu is resistant to the antiviral medicines amantadine and rimantadine. These medicines should not be used in the case of an H5N1 infection. […] People with severe infection may need to be hospitalized and, sometimes, placed on a breathing machine. People infected with the virus also should be kept separate from non-infected people. […] Providers recommend that people get an influenza (flu) shot. This may cut down the chance that the avian flu virus will mix with a human flu virus. This might create a new virus that may easily spread.

• #2 Bird Flu Treatment: Which Medications Work?

  https://sesamecare.com/blog/bird-flu-treatment?srsltid=AfmBOopNpgrsWN5ddfJ1qSx27eyWU3mTp1WdJWj3oK392QVqp5-3p4Yu

  Common antiviral medications like Tamiflu can be used to treat bird flu symptoms, and are most effective if taken within 48 hours of developing symptoms. […] Antiviral treatments are considered to be the best treatment for avian influenza A viruses. Commonly-prescribed antiviral medications for bird flu include: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Peramivir (Rapivab), Zanamivir (Relenza). […] If taken within 48 hours of developing symptoms, these medications are very effective at preventing the avian flu virus from replicating and reducing the severity of your symptoms. […] If you’ve tested positive for bird flu, a clinician on Sesame may be able to prescribe treatment during a same-day online doctor appointment. During your visit, your provider can review your lab results, assess your symptoms and prescribe an antiviral medication like Tamiflu if appropriate.

• #2 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500029-treatment

  The use of steroids has not shown overall benefits and is generally not recommended, except in cases of sepsis with adrenal insufficiency. […] Baloxavir acid (BXA) and its prodrug baloxavir marboxil (BXM) have demonstrated effectiveness in treating H7N9 influenza both in vitro and in vivo. Studies in mouse models have shown that BXM can provide complete protection from lethal challenges of the A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) strain, even when treatment is delayed up to 48 hours after infection and at higher virus doses. These findings support further investigation into their use in human treatments. […] Consultation with an infectious disease expert is recommended. […] Intensive care specialists need to be involved to manage severe disease. […] Ultimately, the WHO and/or CDC should be contacted; the CDC can safely perform testing for suspected avian influenza strains. […] Prophylactic antivirals are not indicated for patients who plan to travel to areas where avian influenza has been reported.

• #2 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Information for Clinicians and Veterinarians

  https://health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/avian/providers.htm

  Initiate empiric antiviral treatment. […] Administer oseltamivir, either orally or enterically, at the standard dose of 75 mg twice daily for 5 days, is recommended for symptomatic patients with confirmed, probable, or suspected avian influenza. […] Treatment should be initiated as early as possible, regardless of time since symptom onset.

• #2 Avian Influenza – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553072/

  Zanamivir: This drug can be used for patients who cannot tolerate oral oseltamivir, although it requires inhalation for administration. […] Peramivir: Peramivir is an IV neuraminidase inhibitor, providing an alternative for hospitalized patients or those unable to take oral or inhaled medications. […] Baloxavir marboxil, a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor, may be considered in select cases where oseltamivir resistance is suspected or confirmed in patients with avian influenza. […] Oxygen therapy is essential for managing hypoxemia, and mechanical ventilation is crucial for patients with respiratory failure. […] The use of corticosteroids in avian influenza remains controversial and is not routinely recommended due to potential adverse effects, such as prolonged viral shedding and an increased risk of secondary infections.

• #2 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/avian-influenza-bird-flu/

  How is bird flu treated? […] How bird flu is treated depends on what the virus is doing to your body. In some cases, antiviral medicines may help you feel better. But experts are concerned that certain antiviral medicines may not work against bird flu. […] If you have bird flu, you will stay in a private hospital room (isolation room) to reduce the chances of spreading the virus to others. When your doctors and nurses are caring for you, they will wear gloves and gowns. Some people who have bird flu may need a machine called a ventilator to help them breathe better. Other people may need a machine to help the kidneys work better (dialysis).

• #2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for persons who properly used (including when taking off) recommended PPE and experienced no breaches while handling sick or potentially infected birds or other sick or dead animals or decontaminating infected environments (including animal disposal). […] Chemoprophylaxis with influenza antiviral medications can be considered for any person meeting epidemiologic exposure criteria. […] If antiviral chemoprophylaxis is initiated, oseltamivir treatment dosing (one dose twice daily) is recommended instead of the antiviral chemoprophylaxis regimen for seasonal influenza.

• #2 Avian Influenza

  https://nadis.org.uk/disease-a-z/game-birds/avian-influenza/

  There is no readily available treatment for Avian Influenza and most countries have a culling policy of affected birds. […] It is possible to produce a vaccine, but by the time this becomes commercially available the virus is likely to have mutated. […] Also, vaccinations can lead to 'masked infections’ where the bird has the virus but is showing no signs, and can therefore pass it on to other birds.

• #2 Avian influenza | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1addaddaddaddadd

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza

  How to treat avian influenza […] If an animal is exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of HPAI, contact appropriate federal and state authorities before you initiate any treatment. Should a commercial poultry flock be affected, immediately quarantine the premises and birds, and limit exposure to birds, until regulatory officials can respond or direct you on an appropriate course of action. […] Recovery of poultry from HPAI is extremely rare. Infected poultry typically are euthanized and poultry products destroyed when HPAI infection is confirmed. Find help with these difficult decisions in AVMA’s Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals. The outcome also may be influenced by the producer’s participation in secure food supply plans. If regulatory officials authorize you to treat, keep in mind that the FDA prohibits extralabel use of adamantine and neuraminidase inhibitor classes of antiviral drugs in chickens, turkeys, and ducks. […] For cats and dogs, treatment typically needs to be started before HPAI has been confirmed, as other diseases may cause similar clinical signs. The recommended treatment approach is generally one of supportive care. No specific antiviral agents are available for cats or dogs with HPAI, and drugs used to treat humans with influenza (e.g., neuraminidase inhibitors such as zanavimir or oseltamivir) have not been adequately evaluated in pets.

• #2 Avian Influenza in Poultry and Wild Birds – Poultry – Merck Veterinary Manual

  https://www.merckvetmanual.com/poultry/avian-influenza-in-poultry-and-wild-birds/avian-influenza-in-poultry-and-wild-birds

  Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. […] Treatment with antiviral compounds is not approved or recommended. […] Treating LPAI-affected flocks with broad-spectrum antimicrobials to control secondary pathogens and increasing house temperatures may decrease morbidity and mortality rates.

• #2 Antibody Treatment Prevents Severe Bird Flu in Monkeys | Health Sciences | University of Pittsburgh

  https://www.health.pitt.edu/news/antibody-treatment-prevents-severe-bird-flu-monkeys

  A prophylactic antibody-based immune therapy protects monkeys against severe disease caused by H5N1 avian flu, University of Pittsburgh and National Institutes of Health (NIH) Vaccine Research Center researchers reported Jan. 30 in Science. […] This type of prevention can be very useful in controlling infection outbreaks and containing the bird flu pandemic, said cocorresponding author Douglas Reed, associate professor of immunology, School of Medicine, and faculty member, Center for Vaccine Research, at Pitt. […] In a new study, monkeys pretreated with a moderate dose of a broadly neutralizing MEDI8852 antibody were universally protected against severe disease and death. […] The research sets the stage for the development of medical countermeasures against future influenza virus pandemics.

• #2 Avian Influenza | Cornell Wildlife Health Lab

  https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/disease/avian-influenza

  There is no effective treatment for HPAI but depopulation can control the spread of the virus. […] Vaccines can prevent clinical signs and death in poultry. Furthermore, viral replication and shedding from the respiratory and GI tracts may be reduced in vaccinated birds. AI is reportable to state and federal agencies. Flocks with HPAI strains may be depopulated in order to control spread of the virus.

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