Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  This guidance outlines CDCs recommendations for preventing human exposures to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses and infection prevention and control measures, including the use of personal protective equipment, testing, antiviral treatment, patient investigations, monitoring of exposed persons, and antiviral chemoprophylaxis of exposed persons. […] The purpose of this guidance is to outline CDC’s recommendations for preventing exposures to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses, infection prevention and control measures including the use of personal protective equipment, testing, antiviral treatment, patient investigations, monitoring of exposed persons (including persons exposed to sick or dead wild and domesticated animals and livestock with suspected or confirmed infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus), and antiviral chemoprophylaxis of exposed persons.

• #1 Protection from Bird Flu

  http://www.dir.ca.gov/BirdFlu

  Workers who have job-related contact with birds or dairy cows infected with the H5N1 virus are at risk of becoming infected with bird flu. […] People who work with poultry, waterfowl (like geese and ducks), and livestock are most at risk. Employees can become infected through the following ways: […] Employees may become infected with bird flu when conducting various tasks: Handling sick animals. Handling or otherwise being exposed to animals that are infected but not showing symptoms. Contact with animal wastes (feces) or secretions (milk) […] Handling or otherwise being exposed to animal wastes, including litter, that may contain infectious pathogens.

• #2 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals that could be infected with avian influenza A viruses. […] If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). […] The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. […] People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection. […] As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, dairy cows and other animals and observe them only from a distance. […] If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).

• #3 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals that could be infected with avian influenza A viruses. […] If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). […] The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. […] People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection. […] As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, dairy cows and other animals and observe them only from a distance. […] If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).

• #4 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals that could be infected with avian influenza A viruses. […] If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). […] The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. […] People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection. […] As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, dairy cows and other animals and observe them only from a distance. […] If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).

• #5 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals that could be infected with avian influenza A viruses. […] If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). […] The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. […] People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection. […] As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, dairy cows and other animals and observe them only from a distance. […] If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).

• #6 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Ways to reduce your risk of bird flu include: […] Wear protective clothing like gloves, a mask and goggles when working with birds, wild animals and livestock […] Wash your hands frequently when handling birds, wild animals and livestock or after being in areas where they live. This includes visiting petting zoos, farms or areas with water features that geese or ducks frequent. […] Dont work with animals who are sick or whove been exposed to avian influenza. In case of an outbreak, follow public health guidelines to limit the spread. […] Take your shoes off before entering your home if youve been in areas where birds like waterfowl or chickens live. This reduces the risk of spreading bird droppings (or anything else that could be contaminated with the virus) around your house. […] Dont touch or drink unpasteurized milk.

• #7 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Do not touch surfaces or materials (e.g., animal litter or bedding material) contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds, dairy cows, or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian bird influenza A virus infection. […] People should avoid unprotected (not using respiratory and eye protection) exposures to sick or dead animals including wild birds, poultry, other domesticated birds, and other wild or domesticated animals. […] People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA’s toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. […] People who become sick within 10 days of their exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should isolate at home away from their household members and should not go to work or school until they are proven not to have avian influenza A virus infection.

• #8 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Ways to reduce your risk of bird flu include: […] Wear protective clothing like gloves, a mask and goggles when working with birds, wild animals and livestock […] Wash your hands frequently when handling birds, wild animals and livestock or after being in areas where they live. This includes visiting petting zoos, farms or areas with water features that geese or ducks frequent. […] Dont work with animals who are sick or whove been exposed to avian influenza. In case of an outbreak, follow public health guidelines to limit the spread. […] Take your shoes off before entering your home if youve been in areas where birds like waterfowl or chickens live. This reduces the risk of spreading bird droppings (or anything else that could be contaminated with the virus) around your house. […] Dont touch or drink unpasteurized milk.

• #9 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Ways to reduce your risk of bird flu include: […] Wear protective clothing like gloves, a mask and goggles when working with birds, wild animals and livestock […] Wash your hands frequently when handling birds, wild animals and livestock or after being in areas where they live. This includes visiting petting zoos, farms or areas with water features that geese or ducks frequent. […] Dont work with animals who are sick or whove been exposed to avian influenza. In case of an outbreak, follow public health guidelines to limit the spread. […] Take your shoes off before entering your home if youve been in areas where birds like waterfowl or chickens live. This reduces the risk of spreading bird droppings (or anything else that could be contaminated with the virus) around your house. […] Dont touch or drink unpasteurized milk.

• #10 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Ways to reduce your risk of bird flu include: […] Wear protective clothing like gloves, a mask and goggles when working with birds, wild animals and livestock […] Wash your hands frequently when handling birds, wild animals and livestock or after being in areas where they live. This includes visiting petting zoos, farms or areas with water features that geese or ducks frequent. […] Dont work with animals who are sick or whove been exposed to avian influenza. In case of an outbreak, follow public health guidelines to limit the spread. […] Take your shoes off before entering your home if youve been in areas where birds like waterfowl or chickens live. This reduces the risk of spreading bird droppings (or anything else that could be contaminated with the virus) around your house. […] Dont touch or drink unpasteurized milk.

• #11 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Cooking poultry, eggs, and beef to the appropriate internal temperature kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. […] Pasteurization kills bacteria and viruses, like avian influenza A viruses, in milk. […] CDC recommends that travelers to countries and states with H5N1 bird flu outbreaks in animals or people: Do not visit poultry farms, bird markets, or other places where live poultry are raised, kept, or sold, if possible. […] The seasonal flu vaccine is not designed to protect against H5N1 bird flu. […] However, people who work with or who have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should get a seasonal flu vaccine to help protect against seasonal flu.

• #12 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  People should avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals that could be infected with avian influenza A viruses. […] If you must have direct/close contact with infected or potentially infected birds or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE). […] The best way to prevent H5N1 bird flu is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. […] People with close or prolonged contact with infected birds or animals or their contaminated environments are at greater risk of infection. […] As a general precaution, whenever possible people should avoid direct contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, dairy cows and other animals and observe them only from a distance. […] If you must have direct/close contact with sick or dead wild birds, poultry, or other animals, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE).

• #13 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  People who have contact with farm animals are more likely than the general public to be exposed to various pathogens (germs) that can cause illness. The best way to protect yourself from getting sick from these pathogens is to practice good habits, including frequent hand washing and avoiding touching your face, and to wear appropriate PPE, which stands for personal protective equipment. […] Due to a new disease outbreak of HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza) H5N1 among dairy cattle, increased and consistently used PPE is recommended. […] In general, wearing coveralls, boots that can be disinfected, gloves, and eye protection can help protect workers from splashes and sprays on a farm. […] Use more than your usual PPE if there are cows, birds, or other animals sick with signs of H5N1 or if H5N1 has been confirmed.

• #14 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #15 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #16 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #17 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #18 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #19 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #20 Avian Influenza – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/avian-flu/control-prevention

  Effective strategies for controlling and preventing worker exposure to avian influenza depend on the risk of exposure and the work tasks performed. Appropriate precautions are critical to protect high risk workers if avian influenza is detected in wild bird and poultry populations. […] Conduct a hazard analysis to identify workers at risk of exposure to avian influenza viruses prior to instituting control measures. […] Select appropriate controls, including engineering controls, administrative controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment (PPE), based on the results of the hazard analysis. […] Offer workers the option for vaccination with the most recent seasonal influenza vaccine. The seasonal influenza vaccine will not prevent avian influenza but can reduce the likelihood of getting sick with both human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

• #21 H5N1 Bird Flu: What You Need to Know > News > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/h5n1-bird-flu-what-to-know

  The CDC has a list of recommended precautions, including: Avoid sick or dead birds. […] Don’t touch surfaces or materials that could be contaminated. […] Avoid poultry farms and bird markets. […] Use the following protective measures if you are unable to avoid contact with wild birds or sick or dead animals: Wear gloves and, after removing them, wash your hands properly. […] It’s important to throw away your gloves and face mask after any exposure.

• #22 Avian Influenza – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/avian-flu/control-prevention

  Effective strategies for controlling and preventing worker exposure to avian influenza depend on the risk of exposure and the work tasks performed. Appropriate precautions are critical to protect high risk workers if avian influenza is detected in wild bird and poultry populations. […] Conduct a hazard analysis to identify workers at risk of exposure to avian influenza viruses prior to instituting control measures. […] Select appropriate controls, including engineering controls, administrative controls, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment (PPE), based on the results of the hazard analysis. […] Offer workers the option for vaccination with the most recent seasonal influenza vaccine. The seasonal influenza vaccine will not prevent avian influenza but can reduce the likelihood of getting sick with both human and avian influenza viruses at the same time.

• #23 Avian Influenza – Control and Prevention | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

  http://www.osha.gov/avian-flu/control-prevention

  All workers with potential exposure to avian influenza viruses should take the following precautions: Avoid unprotected contact with birds and bird secretions or excrement. […] Get the seasonal influenza (flu) vaccine. The seasonal flu vaccine will not prevent avian influenza but can reduce the likelihood of getting sick with both human and avian influenza viruses at the same time. […] Plan for avian influenza. Make sure that an avian influenza response plan has been developed to complement regional, state, and industry plans prior to an avian influenza outbreak. […] Implement biosecurity practices and ensure workers follow those practices to prevent the introduction of avian influenza and other diseases into poultry flocks. […] Healthcare workers and their employers who treat known or suspected persons with avian influenza should take specific precautions to prevent the spread of avian influenza.

• #24 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): H5N1, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22401-bird-flu

  Get a seasonal flu shot. This wont directly protect you from bird flu, but it can reduce your risk of serious illness and of getting both avian influenza and seasonal influenza at the same time (coinfection). […] Public health authorities like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the U.S. monitor cases of bird flu in animals and people to try to reduce the risk of spread. Scientists are working to develop vaccines that could help prevent avian flu or reduce its severity. These could be put into use if there were a risk of a large outbreak.

• #25 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Decisions to initiate post-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis should be based on clinical judgment, with consideration given to the type of exposure, duration of exposure, time since exposure, and known infection status of the birds or animals the person was exposed to. […] No human vaccines for prevention of HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection are currently available in the United States.

• #26 Avian influenza Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/avian-influenza

  There is an approved vaccine to protect humans from the H5N1 avian flu virus. This vaccine could be used if the current H5N1 virus starts spreading among people. The US government keeps a stockpile of the vaccine. […] The CDC makes the following recommendations. […] As a general precaution: […] Use protective clothing and special breathing masks if you work with birds or dairy cows, if you go into buildings with sick or dead animals, feces, or litter from infected animals. […] If you have had contact with infected animals, watch for signs of infection. If you do become infected, tell your provider. […] Avoid undercooked or uncooked meat. Avoid unpasteurized (raw) milk and cheeses. This reduces the risk for exposure to avian flu and other foodborne diseases. […] If traveling to other countries: […] See your provider if you become sick after you return from your trip.

• #27 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Therefore, people with work or recreational exposures to H5N1 virus-infected animals are at increased risk of infection and should follow recommended precautions. […] Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when in direct or close contact (within about six feet) with sick or dead animals including poultry, wild birds, backyard bird flocks, or other animals, animal feces, litter, or materials potentially contaminated with HPAI A(H5N1) viruses. […] People exposed to HPAI A(H5N1)-virus infected birds or other animals (including people wearing recommended PPE) should monitor themselves for new respiratory illness symptoms, and/or conjunctivitis (eye redness), beginning after their first exposure and for 10 days after their last exposure. […] Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for persons who properly used (including when taking off) recommended PPE and experienced no breaches while handling sick or potentially infected birds or other sick or dead animals or decontaminating infected environments (including animal disposal).

• #28 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Do not touch surfaces or materials (e.g., animal litter or bedding material) contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds, dairy cows, or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian bird influenza A virus infection. […] People should avoid unprotected (not using respiratory and eye protection) exposures to sick or dead animals including wild birds, poultry, other domesticated birds, and other wild or domesticated animals. […] People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA’s toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. […] People who become sick within 10 days of their exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should isolate at home away from their household members and should not go to work or school until they are proven not to have avian influenza A virus infection.

• #29 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/Bird-Flu.aspx

  Only consume pasteurized dairy products. The bird flu virus can be present in raw, unpasteurized milk. […] Cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165F. […] If you must have contact with birds, cows, cats, other animals or their environments, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) and take extra precautions. […] Monitor yourself and family members for signs of influenza-like illness for 10 days after last contact with an ill animal. Report any illness to your health care provider. […] Contact your local public health department right away to arrange for testing and treatment. Tell them you may have been exposed to bird flu.

• #30 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Decisions to initiate post-exposure antiviral chemoprophylaxis should be based on clinical judgment, with consideration given to the type of exposure, duration of exposure, time since exposure, and known infection status of the birds or animals the person was exposed to. […] No human vaccines for prevention of HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection are currently available in the United States.

• #31 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus: Interim Recommendations for Prevention, Monitoring, and Public Health Investigations | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/hpai-interim-recommendations.html

  Therefore, people with work or recreational exposures to H5N1 virus-infected animals are at increased risk of infection and should follow recommended precautions. […] Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when in direct or close contact (within about six feet) with sick or dead animals including poultry, wild birds, backyard bird flocks, or other animals, animal feces, litter, or materials potentially contaminated with HPAI A(H5N1) viruses. […] People exposed to HPAI A(H5N1)-virus infected birds or other animals (including people wearing recommended PPE) should monitor themselves for new respiratory illness symptoms, and/or conjunctivitis (eye redness), beginning after their first exposure and for 10 days after their last exposure. […] Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is not routinely recommended for persons who properly used (including when taking off) recommended PPE and experienced no breaches while handling sick or potentially infected birds or other sick or dead animals or decontaminating infected environments (including animal disposal).

• #32 Oseltamivir in human avian influenza infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835509/

  Avian influenza A viruses continue to cause disease outbreaks in humans, and extrapulmonary infection is characteristic. […] The WHO strongly recommends oseltamivir for the treatment of confirmed or suspected cases of human H5 infection and prophylaxis of those at high risk of infection. […] Oseltamivir also appears active in the attempts to control disease outbreaks caused by H7 avian viruses. […] Evidence pointing to the activity of oseltamivir against avian influenza in pre-clinical studies is supported by data in humans who have contracted H5N1. […] However, the WHO recommends that late presentation should not preclude the initiation of oseltamivir therapy. […] Oseltamivir was effective as prevention in the murine studies of the 1997 Hong Kong virus discussed earlier when 5 day courses were started 4 h before potentially lethal infection with A/HK/156/97 (H5N1); 100% survival was reported with daily dosages 0.1 mg/kg.

• #33 Oseltamivir in human avian influenza infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835509/

  There is currently only limited information available regarding the efficacy of oseltamivir for the prevention of human infection with avian influenza virus. […] An updated review by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) published in December 2007 of antiviral medicinal products for potential use during a pandemic also noted that during the 2003 avian influenza H7N7 outbreak in the Netherlands, oseltamivir with the recommended prophylactic dose of 75 mg once daily seemed to be effective to protect poultry workers and their close contacts. […] These data also support a rationale for the potential utility of oseltamivir in avian influenza A infections of subtypes other than H5N1. […] Oseltamivir prophylaxis has also been given for up to 13 weeks in at-risk healthcare workers.

• #34 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Cooking poultry, eggs, and beef to the appropriate internal temperature kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. […] Pasteurization kills bacteria and viruses, like avian influenza A viruses, in milk. […] CDC recommends that travelers to countries and states with H5N1 bird flu outbreaks in animals or people: Do not visit poultry farms, bird markets, or other places where live poultry are raised, kept, or sold, if possible. […] The seasonal flu vaccine is not designed to protect against H5N1 bird flu. […] However, people who work with or who have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should get a seasonal flu vaccine to help protect against seasonal flu.

• #35 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/Bird-Flu.aspx

  Only consume pasteurized dairy products. The bird flu virus can be present in raw, unpasteurized milk. […] Cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165F. […] If you must have contact with birds, cows, cats, other animals or their environments, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) and take extra precautions. […] Monitor yourself and family members for signs of influenza-like illness for 10 days after last contact with an ill animal. Report any illness to your health care provider. […] Contact your local public health department right away to arrange for testing and treatment. Tell them you may have been exposed to bird flu.

• #36 Frequently asked questions about bird flu | Department of Public Health | City of Philadelphia

  https://www.phila.gov/2025-03-11-frequently-asked-questions-about-bird-flu/

  Properly cook poultry, eggs, and beef to kill bacteria and viruses. All poultry should be cooked to 165F, ground meat to 160F, and whole cuts of meat to 145F. Egg yolks and whites should be cooked until firm. […] Currently, there’s no commercially available vaccine against bird flu viruses and no recommendation for people to get vaccinated against bird flu. The chance of getting bird flu for most people is low and the virus currently doesn’t spread between people, only from animals to people. […] The annual flu vaccine also doesn’t protect against bird flu. But it’s still very important to get your flu shot, especially while the bird flu outbreak continues. Being protected against regular seasonal flu helps reduce your chance of being infected with both seasonal flu and bird flu at the same time. A double infection could make you very sick or even create a new combined flu virus.

• #37 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Cooking poultry, eggs, and beef to the appropriate internal temperature kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. […] Pasteurization kills bacteria and viruses, like avian influenza A viruses, in milk. […] CDC recommends that travelers to countries and states with H5N1 bird flu outbreaks in animals or people: Do not visit poultry farms, bird markets, or other places where live poultry are raised, kept, or sold, if possible. […] The seasonal flu vaccine is not designed to protect against H5N1 bird flu. […] However, people who work with or who have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should get a seasonal flu vaccine to help protect against seasonal flu.

• #38 What’s New

  https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/pages/Bird-Flu.aspx

  Only consume pasteurized dairy products. The bird flu virus can be present in raw, unpasteurized milk. […] Cook poultry and eggs to an internal temperature of 165F. […] If you must have contact with birds, cows, cats, other animals or their environments, wear recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) and take extra precautions. […] Monitor yourself and family members for signs of influenza-like illness for 10 days after last contact with an ill animal. Report any illness to your health care provider. […] Contact your local public health department right away to arrange for testing and treatment. Tell them you may have been exposed to bird flu.

• #39 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #40 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  Surveillance and reporting of outbreaks […] The first line of defense against avian influenza is early detection. Putting in place accurate warning systems is thus essential to efficiently prevent and control the disease. Because of its capacity to rapidly spread across regions, early detection and timely reporting of cases are key to enable countries to anticipate and get prepared for potential new outbreaks of avian influenza. Avian influenza is a WOAH-listed disease. As such, national Veterinary Authorities must report: […] Infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, irrespective of their subtypes, detected in birds (domestic and wild) […] […] Prevention of avian influenza at its animal source […] Strict biosecurity measures and good hygiene practices are essential to prevent avian influenza outbreaks, because of the resistance of the virus in the environment and its highly contagious nature. Relevant measures notably include keeping poultry away from contact with wild birds, ensuring good hygiene in poultry housing and equipment and reporting bird illnesses and deaths to the Veterinary Services.

• #41 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  It is essential for poultry farmers to maintain biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the virus. Some of these measures include: prevent contact between poultry and wild birds, minimise movements around poultry enclosures, maintain strict control over access to flocks by vehicles, people and equipment; clean and disinfect animal housing and equipment, avoid the introduction of birds of unknown disease status, report any suspicious case (dead or alive) to the veterinary authorities, ensure appropriate disposal of manure, litter and dead animals, vaccinate animals, where appropriate.

• #42 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  It is essential for poultry farmers to maintain biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the virus. Some of these measures include: prevent contact between poultry and wild birds, minimise movements around poultry enclosures, maintain strict control over access to flocks by vehicles, people and equipment; clean and disinfect animal housing and equipment, avoid the introduction of birds of unknown disease status, report any suspicious case (dead or alive) to the veterinary authorities, ensure appropriate disposal of manure, litter and dead animals, vaccinate animals, where appropriate.

• #43 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  It is essential for poultry farmers to maintain biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the virus. Some of these measures include: prevent contact between poultry and wild birds, minimise movements around poultry enclosures, maintain strict control over access to flocks by vehicles, people and equipment; clean and disinfect animal housing and equipment, avoid the introduction of birds of unknown disease status, report any suspicious case (dead or alive) to the veterinary authorities, ensure appropriate disposal of manure, litter and dead animals, vaccinate animals, where appropriate.

• #44 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  It is essential for poultry farmers to maintain biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the virus. Some of these measures include: prevent contact between poultry and wild birds, minimise movements around poultry enclosures, maintain strict control over access to flocks by vehicles, people and equipment; clean and disinfect animal housing and equipment, avoid the introduction of birds of unknown disease status, report any suspicious case (dead or alive) to the veterinary authorities, ensure appropriate disposal of manure, litter and dead animals, vaccinate animals, where appropriate.

• #45 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  It is essential for poultry farmers to maintain biosecurity practices to prevent the introduction of the virus. Some of these measures include: prevent contact between poultry and wild birds, minimise movements around poultry enclosures, maintain strict control over access to flocks by vehicles, people and equipment; clean and disinfect animal housing and equipment, avoid the introduction of birds of unknown disease status, report any suspicious case (dead or alive) to the veterinary authorities, ensure appropriate disposal of manure, litter and dead animals, vaccinate animals, where appropriate.

• #46 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  The following PPE is recommended: disposable gloves, safety goggles, NIOSH-approved respirator (an N95 mask), disposable head/hair cover, disposable fluid-resistant coveralls, and rubber boots. […] The best way to prevent birds from becoming infected is to keep the virus from reaching your birds in the first place. Biosecurity refers to practices anyone can take to make sure they do not carry disease into or out of an area housing poultry. […] These measures can include washing boots or shoes before entering and when leaving a chicken coop, sanitizing equipment used around poultry and wearing clean clothing around birds. […] Limit contact with your birds. […] Keep it clean. […] Don’t bring disease home. […] If you visit someplace that has birds or where bird owners visit, like a feed store, clean and disinfect your vehicle and anything else that travelled with you.

• #47 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  Keep new birds separate from the flock for at least 30 days. […] If one or more of your birds are found to have the virus, the only option is to humanely euthanize your flock. […] High pathogenic avian influenza kills the majority of birds infected in a matter of days, sometimes within a single day. […] While euthanizing a flock is a painful process for bird owners, it is the only way to prevent the virus from spreading to other flocks. […] The USDA has not yet approved a vaccine for avian influenza, although testing on potential vaccines continues. […] The numbers of human cases and deaths due to avian influenza reported in the United States are available on the CDC Current Situation website. […] Animal health professionals who work with or around birds should take special care to avoid spreading avian influenza. […] If you handle sick birds, wear protective clothing such as disposable gloves, a mask, coveralls, and boots. […] If you visit anyplace that has poultry, be sure to follow strict biosecurity measures entering and leaving.

• #48 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Bird owners should immediately contact their veterinarian or call the USDA toll-free hotline (866-536-7593) to report sick birds, including backyard flocks and migratory birds like ducks and geese. […] Owners of pet birds or backyard flocks are encouraged to stay informed about where HPAI is occurring. In regions experiencing outbreaks, certain precautions can help stop the viruses from spreading: Bring pet birds indoors or ensure areas where backyard birds are kept are fully enclosed, away from wild birds and their droppings. Wash or sanitize your hands before and after handling birds, and when moving birds between coops. Keep feed, drinking water, equipment, and other supplies secure, out of reach of wild birds or rodents. Prevent visitors from contacting your flock, and avoid visits to places where other birds are kept. Know the signs of HPAI, and immediately report any suspected infections to your veterinarian or state animal health official. Call your veterinarian first, before bringing your bird(s) in to be seen.

• #49 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  Surveillance and reporting of outbreaks […] The first line of defense against avian influenza is early detection. Putting in place accurate warning systems is thus essential to efficiently prevent and control the disease. Because of its capacity to rapidly spread across regions, early detection and timely reporting of cases are key to enable countries to anticipate and get prepared for potential new outbreaks of avian influenza. Avian influenza is a WOAH-listed disease. As such, national Veterinary Authorities must report: […] Infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses, irrespective of their subtypes, detected in birds (domestic and wild) […] […] Prevention of avian influenza at its animal source […] Strict biosecurity measures and good hygiene practices are essential to prevent avian influenza outbreaks, because of the resistance of the virus in the environment and its highly contagious nature. Relevant measures notably include keeping poultry away from contact with wild birds, ensuring good hygiene in poultry housing and equipment and reporting bird illnesses and deaths to the Veterinary Services.

• #50 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Do not touch surfaces or materials (e.g., animal litter or bedding material) contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds, dairy cows, or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian bird influenza A virus infection. […] People should avoid unprotected (not using respiratory and eye protection) exposures to sick or dead animals including wild birds, poultry, other domesticated birds, and other wild or domesticated animals. […] People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA’s toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. […] People who become sick within 10 days of their exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should isolate at home away from their household members and should not go to work or school until they are proven not to have avian influenza A virus infection.

• #51 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Bird owners should immediately contact their veterinarian or call the USDA toll-free hotline (866-536-7593) to report sick birds, including backyard flocks and migratory birds like ducks and geese. […] Owners of pet birds or backyard flocks are encouraged to stay informed about where HPAI is occurring. In regions experiencing outbreaks, certain precautions can help stop the viruses from spreading: Bring pet birds indoors or ensure areas where backyard birds are kept are fully enclosed, away from wild birds and their droppings. Wash or sanitize your hands before and after handling birds, and when moving birds between coops. Keep feed, drinking water, equipment, and other supplies secure, out of reach of wild birds or rodents. Prevent visitors from contacting your flock, and avoid visits to places where other birds are kept. Know the signs of HPAI, and immediately report any suspected infections to your veterinarian or state animal health official. Call your veterinarian first, before bringing your bird(s) in to be seen.

• #52 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Do not touch surfaces or materials (e.g., animal litter or bedding material) contaminated with saliva, mucous, or animal feces from wild or domestic birds, dairy cows, or other animals with confirmed or suspected avian bird influenza A virus infection. […] People should avoid unprotected (not using respiratory and eye protection) exposures to sick or dead animals including wild birds, poultry, other domesticated birds, and other wild or domesticated animals. […] People should report sick birds or other animals or unusual bird or other animal deaths to the state or the federal government, either through their state veterinarian or by calling USDA’s toll-free number at 1-866-536-7593. […] People who become sick within 10 days of their exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should isolate at home away from their household members and should not go to work or school until they are proven not to have avian influenza A virus infection.

• #53 Avian Influenza – Infectious Diseases – MSD Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/respiratory-viruses/avian-influenza

  People should avoid contact with sick or dead animals, especially wild and domesticated birds, poultry, and cattle. Raw or undercooked food products, such as unpasteurized milk and dairy products, should also be avoided. […] Spread is contained by identifying and destroying infected flocks of domestic birds. […] China has active poultry vaccination campaigns for H5 and H7 influenza viruses to help prevent the spread from wild to domestic birds, which are more likely to come in contact with and spread the virus to humans. […] In the United States, a vaccine for humans against H5N1 avian influenza is available for distribution if deemed necessary by public health authorities. The standard vaccine for influenza does not prevent avian influenza.

• #54 Avian Influenza – WOAH – World Organisation for Animal Health

  https://www.woah.org/en/disease/avian-influenza/

  Control strategies and compensation for farmers […] When an infection is detected in poultry, a policy of culling infected animals and the ones in close contact is normally used in an effort to rapidly contain, control and eradicate the disease. […] Selective elimination of infected poultry, movement restrictions, improved hygiene and biosecurity, and appropriate surveillance should result in a significant decrease of viral contamination of the environment. These measures should be taken whether or not vaccination is part of the overall strategy. […] The use of vaccination […] Under certain specific conditions, vaccination of poultry may be recommended. However, this measure alone should not be considered a sustainable solution to control avian influenza. It must be used as part of a comprehensive disease control strategy, in addition to other health measures.

• #55 Avian Influenza | Washington State Department of Agriculture

  https://agr.wa.gov/departments/animals-livestock-and-pets/avian-health/avian-influenza

  Keep new birds separate from the flock for at least 30 days. […] If one or more of your birds are found to have the virus, the only option is to humanely euthanize your flock. […] High pathogenic avian influenza kills the majority of birds infected in a matter of days, sometimes within a single day. […] While euthanizing a flock is a painful process for bird owners, it is the only way to prevent the virus from spreading to other flocks. […] The USDA has not yet approved a vaccine for avian influenza, although testing on potential vaccines continues. […] The numbers of human cases and deaths due to avian influenza reported in the United States are available on the CDC Current Situation website. […] Animal health professionals who work with or around birds should take special care to avoid spreading avian influenza. […] If you handle sick birds, wear protective clothing such as disposable gloves, a mask, coveralls, and boots. […] If you visit anyplace that has poultry, be sure to follow strict biosecurity measures entering and leaving.

• #56 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Tips for preventing HPAI infection in dogs and cats are the same as for many other infectious diseases: Keep cats indoors. Keep pets that do go outdoors away from wild birds, poultry, and cattle and their environments. Prevent pets from eating dead birds or other animals. Refrain from feeding pets raw meat or poultry and unpasteurized milk.

• #57 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Tips for preventing HPAI infection in dogs and cats are the same as for many other infectious diseases: Keep cats indoors. Keep pets that do go outdoors away from wild birds, poultry, and cattle and their environments. Prevent pets from eating dead birds or other animals. Refrain from feeding pets raw meat or poultry and unpasteurized milk.

• #58 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Tips for preventing HPAI infection in dogs and cats are the same as for many other infectious diseases: Keep cats indoors. Keep pets that do go outdoors away from wild birds, poultry, and cattle and their environments. Prevent pets from eating dead birds or other animals. Refrain from feeding pets raw meat or poultry and unpasteurized milk.

• #59 Avian influenza in pets and backyard flocks | American Veterinary Medical Associationmultiple-users-1

  https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-health/avian-influenza/avian-influenza-companion-animals

  Tips for preventing HPAI infection in dogs and cats are the same as for many other infectious diseases: Keep cats indoors. Keep pets that do go outdoors away from wild birds, poultry, and cattle and their environments. Prevent pets from eating dead birds or other animals. Refrain from feeding pets raw meat or poultry and unpasteurized milk.

• #60 What Is Bird Flu and How to Protect Yourself

  https://advocate.nyc.gov/blog/what-is-bird-flu-and-how-to-protect-yourself

  Avian influenza (H5N1), or bird flu, is a disease spread among birds and caused by flu viruses. […] While the current public health risk is low, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is monitoring the situation. […] Still, we recommend all New Yorkers familiarize themselves with facts about the virus and ways to protect themselves. […] Report groups of sick or dead birds immediately. If avian influenza is suspected: […] Avoid contact with birds that appear sick or have died. […] Avoid contact with surfaces that have bird feces. […] If you must touch sick or dead birds: […] If you feel sick after having contact with sick or dead birds, contact your health care provider. […] Do not eat or drink raw milk or products made with raw milk. […] Get a seasonal flu vaccine. Seasonal flu vaccination will not prevent infection with bird flu viruses, but can reduce the risk of getting sick with human influenza viruses and thus the risk for seasonal and bird flu co-infection. […] Keep pets that go outdoors away from wild birds, poultry, and cattle and their environments. […] Consider keeping pets leashed at all times when outdoors. […] Prevent pets from eating dead birds or other animals. […] Avoid feeding pets raw meat or poultry and unpasteurized milk.

• #61 Preventing Bird Flu Infections | Bird Flu | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/index.html

  Cooking poultry, eggs, and beef to the appropriate internal temperature kills bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza A viruses. […] Pasteurization kills bacteria and viruses, like avian influenza A viruses, in milk. […] CDC recommends that travelers to countries and states with H5N1 bird flu outbreaks in animals or people: Do not visit poultry farms, bird markets, or other places where live poultry are raised, kept, or sold, if possible. […] The seasonal flu vaccine is not designed to protect against H5N1 bird flu. […] However, people who work with or who have frequent exposure to infected or potentially infected birds or other animals should get a seasonal flu vaccine to help protect against seasonal flu.

• #62 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/prevention-risks.html

  Early recognition of exposure to an animal infected with avian influenza and initiation of treatment, if deemed necessary, are important steps to provide protection against infection. […] Antiviral medications may be considered after exposure to animals infected with avian influenza, as antivirals may help prevent infection or reduce symptoms often associated with an infection. […] If you plan to travel to another country where avian influenza A(H5N1) is a concern, see your health care provider or visit a travel health clinic at least 6 weeks before you leave. […] Avoid high-risk areas (such as animal farms and live animal markets). […] Avoid close contact with birds and other animals. […] Make sure that all foods made with poultry, meat and eggs, are cooked well, and that your milk and milk products are pasteurized.

• #63 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/prevention-risks.html

  Early recognition of exposure to an animal infected with avian influenza and initiation of treatment, if deemed necessary, are important steps to provide protection against infection. […] Antiviral medications may be considered after exposure to animals infected with avian influenza, as antivirals may help prevent infection or reduce symptoms often associated with an infection. […] If you plan to travel to another country where avian influenza A(H5N1) is a concern, see your health care provider or visit a travel health clinic at least 6 weeks before you leave. […] Avoid high-risk areas (such as animal farms and live animal markets). […] Avoid close contact with birds and other animals. […] Make sure that all foods made with poultry, meat and eggs, are cooked well, and that your milk and milk products are pasteurized.

• #64 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/prevention-risks.html

  Early recognition of exposure to an animal infected with avian influenza and initiation of treatment, if deemed necessary, are important steps to provide protection against infection. […] Antiviral medications may be considered after exposure to animals infected with avian influenza, as antivirals may help prevent infection or reduce symptoms often associated with an infection. […] If you plan to travel to another country where avian influenza A(H5N1) is a concern, see your health care provider or visit a travel health clinic at least 6 weeks before you leave. […] Avoid high-risk areas (such as animal farms and live animal markets). […] Avoid close contact with birds and other animals. […] Make sure that all foods made with poultry, meat and eggs, are cooked well, and that your milk and milk products are pasteurized.

• #65 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/prevention-risks.html

  Wash your hands immediately after touching potentially contaminated environments and/or animals. […] If you develop flu-like symptoms after travelling or living in an area where avian influenza is a concern: contact a health care professional immediately and tell them about your symptoms and where you have been travelling or living, and follow their instructions.

• #66 Avian influenza A(H5N1): Prevention and risks – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/prevention-risks.html

  Wash your hands immediately after touching potentially contaminated environments and/or animals. […] If you develop flu-like symptoms after travelling or living in an area where avian influenza is a concern: contact a health care professional immediately and tell them about your symptoms and where you have been travelling or living, and follow their instructions.

• #67 Notice: Interim recommendations for infection prevention and control of avian influenza in healthcare settings – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/health-professionals/interim-recommendations-infection-prevention-control-avian-influenza-healthcare-settings.html

  If a case of avian influenza is suspected, immediately notify local public health authorities. […] A patient under investigation or with probable or confirmed avian influenza should preferably be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR). […] Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients under investigation, with probable or confirmed avian influenza includes: a fit-tested N95 (or an equivalent or higher protection) respirator, eye protection (i.e., goggles or face shield), gown, gloves. […] A medical mask (if tolerated) should be worn by the patient when outside their room or care area and the patient should perform hand hygiene prior to masking and after touching or removing a mask. […] The duration and discontinuation of additional precautions for an individual patient should be determined in consultation with the IPC program and in accordance with local, provincial or territorial public health guidance and organizational policies.

• #68 Notice: Interim recommendations for infection prevention and control of avian influenza in healthcare settings – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/health-professionals/interim-recommendations-infection-prevention-control-avian-influenza-healthcare-settings.html

  If a case of avian influenza is suspected, immediately notify local public health authorities. […] A patient under investigation or with probable or confirmed avian influenza should preferably be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR). […] Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients under investigation, with probable or confirmed avian influenza includes: a fit-tested N95 (or an equivalent or higher protection) respirator, eye protection (i.e., goggles or face shield), gown, gloves. […] A medical mask (if tolerated) should be worn by the patient when outside their room or care area and the patient should perform hand hygiene prior to masking and after touching or removing a mask. […] The duration and discontinuation of additional precautions for an individual patient should be determined in consultation with the IPC program and in accordance with local, provincial or territorial public health guidance and organizational policies.

• #69 Notice: Interim recommendations for infection prevention and control of avian influenza in healthcare settings – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/avian-influenza-h5n1/health-professionals/interim-recommendations-infection-prevention-control-avian-influenza-healthcare-settings.html

  If a case of avian influenza is suspected, immediately notify local public health authorities. […] A patient under investigation or with probable or confirmed avian influenza should preferably be placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR). […] Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients under investigation, with probable or confirmed avian influenza includes: a fit-tested N95 (or an equivalent or higher protection) respirator, eye protection (i.e., goggles or face shield), gown, gloves. […] A medical mask (if tolerated) should be worn by the patient when outside their room or care area and the patient should perform hand hygiene prior to masking and after touching or removing a mask. […] The duration and discontinuation of additional precautions for an individual patient should be determined in consultation with the IPC program and in accordance with local, provincial or territorial public health guidance and organizational policies.

• #70 H5N1 bird flu: Questions patients may have and how to answer | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/h5n1-bird-flu-questions-patients-may-have-and-how-answer

  Standard, contact and airborne precautions are recommended for patients presenting for medical care or evaluation who have illness consistent with influenza and recent exposure to birds or other animals potentially infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus. […] If signs and symptoms compatible with avian flu are present, physicians should isolate the patient and follow infection-control recommendations, including the use of personal protective equipment. […] Antiviral treatment is recommended with oseltamivir as soon as possible for outpatients and hospitalized patients who are suspected, probable or confirmed cases of human infection with A(H5N1). […] The CDC is working on a plan for enhanced nationwide monitoring to ensure that even rare cases of A(H5N1) virus in the community are detected.

• #71 H5N1 bird flu: Questions patients may have and how to answer | American Medical Association

  https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/h5n1-bird-flu-questions-patients-may-have-and-how-answer

  Standard, contact and airborne precautions are recommended for patients presenting for medical care or evaluation who have illness consistent with influenza and recent exposure to birds or other animals potentially infected with HPAI A(H5N1) virus. […] If signs and symptoms compatible with avian flu are present, physicians should isolate the patient and follow infection-control recommendations, including the use of personal protective equipment. […] Antiviral treatment is recommended with oseltamivir as soon as possible for outpatients and hospitalized patients who are suspected, probable or confirmed cases of human infection with A(H5N1). […] The CDC is working on a plan for enhanced nationwide monitoring to ensure that even rare cases of A(H5N1) virus in the community are detected.

• #72 Oseltamivir in human avian influenza infection

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835509/

  Avian influenza A viruses continue to cause disease outbreaks in humans, and extrapulmonary infection is characteristic. […] The WHO strongly recommends oseltamivir for the treatment of confirmed or suspected cases of human H5 infection and prophylaxis of those at high risk of infection. […] Oseltamivir also appears active in the attempts to control disease outbreaks caused by H7 avian viruses. […] Evidence pointing to the activity of oseltamivir against avian influenza in pre-clinical studies is supported by data in humans who have contracted H5N1. […] However, the WHO recommends that late presentation should not preclude the initiation of oseltamivir therapy. […] Oseltamivir was effective as prevention in the murine studies of the 1997 Hong Kong virus discussed earlier when 5 day courses were started 4 h before potentially lethal infection with A/HK/156/97 (H5N1); 100% survival was reported with daily dosages 0.1 mg/kg.

• #73 Bird flu

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bird-flu/

  Plans are in place to manage any suspected cases of bird flu in the UK. […] You can read the latest bird flu updates on GOV.UK. […] If you’re visiting a foreign country that’s had an outbreak you should wash your hands often with warm water and soap, especially before and after handling food, in particular raw poultry. […] Avoid contact with live birds and poultry. […] Do not go to live animal markets or poultry farms. […] The seasonal flu vaccine doesn’t protect against bird flu. […] Antiviral medicines help reduce the severity of the condition, prevent complications and improve the chances of survival. […] They are also sometimes given to people who have been in close contact with infected birds, or those who have had contact with infected people, for example family or healthcare staff.

• #74 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Guidelines: Guidelines Summary, Summary of CDC and AAP Recommendations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500029-guidelines

  These guidelines align with existing infection control protocols for patients potentially infected with a novel influenza A virus associated with severe disease. […] For patients with recent exposure to infected birds or contaminated environments showing signs or symptoms consistent with avian influenza A virus infection: […] Collect respiratory specimens for molecular testing (RT-PCR). […] For severely ill patients: […] Collect both upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. […] Initiate antiviral treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor as soon as possible for any patient suspected or confirmed to have avian influenza A virus infection, including the following: […] Confirmed cases […] Probable cases […] Cases under investigation. […] Do not delay antiviral treatment while awaiting lab results. […] For non-hospitalized patients: […] If molecular testing is negative for avian influenza A and other influenza viruses, antiviral treatment can be stopped.

• #75 Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58882-4

  The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) poses a significant and growing public health threat. […] Establishing structured surveillance programs, improving diagnostic technologies, and training specialized personnel are essential. […] We emphasize recent advances in diagnostics and surveillance strategies that, when integrated with streamlined monitoring, can significantly enhance AIV control and prevention. […] To accomplish this objective, we propose adopting a comprehensive monitoring approach, which aims to mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks by integrating human and animal health, and environmental factors, to safeguard public health (One Health). […] In addition to comprehensive monitoring and the implementation of early control measures, the development and application of effective vaccines is an integral part for broader AIV preventive measures within the One Health framework. […] The current AIV panzoonotic necessitates the implementation of more region-specific vaccination strategies for both humans and animals.

• #76 Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58882-4

  The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) poses a significant and growing public health threat. […] Establishing structured surveillance programs, improving diagnostic technologies, and training specialized personnel are essential. […] We emphasize recent advances in diagnostics and surveillance strategies that, when integrated with streamlined monitoring, can significantly enhance AIV control and prevention. […] To accomplish this objective, we propose adopting a comprehensive monitoring approach, which aims to mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks by integrating human and animal health, and environmental factors, to safeguard public health (One Health). […] In addition to comprehensive monitoring and the implementation of early control measures, the development and application of effective vaccines is an integral part for broader AIV preventive measures within the One Health framework. […] The current AIV panzoonotic necessitates the implementation of more region-specific vaccination strategies for both humans and animals.

• #77 Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58882-4

  The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) poses a significant and growing public health threat. […] Establishing structured surveillance programs, improving diagnostic technologies, and training specialized personnel are essential. […] We emphasize recent advances in diagnostics and surveillance strategies that, when integrated with streamlined monitoring, can significantly enhance AIV control and prevention. […] To accomplish this objective, we propose adopting a comprehensive monitoring approach, which aims to mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks by integrating human and animal health, and environmental factors, to safeguard public health (One Health). […] In addition to comprehensive monitoring and the implementation of early control measures, the development and application of effective vaccines is an integral part for broader AIV preventive measures within the One Health framework. […] The current AIV panzoonotic necessitates the implementation of more region-specific vaccination strategies for both humans and animals.

• #78 Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58882-4

  The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) poses a significant and growing public health threat. […] Establishing structured surveillance programs, improving diagnostic technologies, and training specialized personnel are essential. […] We emphasize recent advances in diagnostics and surveillance strategies that, when integrated with streamlined monitoring, can significantly enhance AIV control and prevention. […] To accomplish this objective, we propose adopting a comprehensive monitoring approach, which aims to mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks by integrating human and animal health, and environmental factors, to safeguard public health (One Health). […] In addition to comprehensive monitoring and the implementation of early control measures, the development and application of effective vaccines is an integral part for broader AIV preventive measures within the One Health framework. […] The current AIV panzoonotic necessitates the implementation of more region-specific vaccination strategies for both humans and animals.

• #79 Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies | Nature Communications

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-58882-4

  The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) poses a significant and growing public health threat. […] Establishing structured surveillance programs, improving diagnostic technologies, and training specialized personnel are essential. […] We emphasize recent advances in diagnostics and surveillance strategies that, when integrated with streamlined monitoring, can significantly enhance AIV control and prevention. […] To accomplish this objective, we propose adopting a comprehensive monitoring approach, which aims to mitigate zoonotic disease outbreaks by integrating human and animal health, and environmental factors, to safeguard public health (One Health). […] In addition to comprehensive monitoring and the implementation of early control measures, the development and application of effective vaccines is an integral part for broader AIV preventive measures within the One Health framework. […] The current AIV panzoonotic necessitates the implementation of more region-specific vaccination strategies for both humans and animals.

• #80

  https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/the-spread-of-h5n1-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-calls-for-stepped-up-action–fao-says/en

  The spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza, bringing losses of hundreds of millions of poultry worldwide with increased spillover into mammals, highlights the urgent need for strengthened biosecurity, monitoring and surveillance, rapid-response mechanisms, and risk communication to safeguard the poultry sector and protect livelihoods and economies. […] FAO called on countries to take several measures to address the global avian influenza challenge: Enhance surveillance and reporting […] Promote risk management through biosecurity […] Consider a potential role for vaccination in risk mitigation […] Bechdol said FAO remains fully committed to global monitoring, sharing information, and providing guidance and tools to support all our Member countries tackle this serious threat. […] She described the sector as the key stakeholders in HPAI prevention and control, playing a crucial role in ensuring safe and responsible value chains, developing new technologies for vaccines and diagnostics, and providing good quality animal health services.

• #81 An ounce of prevention: Now is the time to take action on H5N1 avian flu, because the stakes are enormous

  https://theconversation.com/an-ounce-of-prevention-now-is-the-time-to-take-action-on-h5n1-avian-flu-because-the-stakes-are-enormous-232130

  Those whose jobs put them at high risk of exposure to H5N1 may need to be offered vaccines and medications that can prevent exposures from blossoming into full-blown infections, in much the same way we selectively provide rabies vaccines to those whose work puts them in close contact with wild animals. […] Prevention approaches must be sensitive to those most impacted. Farmers, hunters and others who are regularly exposed to potentially infected animals will need good information and education to understand why they must act. […] Preventing pandemics requires a similar mindset, starting with avian flu, where many millions are at risk. We must change our focus from response to prevention.

• #82 An ounce of prevention: Now is the time to take action on H5N1 avian flu, because the stakes are enormous

  https://theconversation.com/an-ounce-of-prevention-now-is-the-time-to-take-action-on-h5n1-avian-flu-because-the-stakes-are-enormous-232130

  Those whose jobs put them at high risk of exposure to H5N1 may need to be offered vaccines and medications that can prevent exposures from blossoming into full-blown infections, in much the same way we selectively provide rabies vaccines to those whose work puts them in close contact with wild animals. […] Prevention approaches must be sensitive to those most impacted. Farmers, hunters and others who are regularly exposed to potentially infected animals will need good information and education to understand why they must act. […] Preventing pandemics requires a similar mindset, starting with avian flu, where many millions are at risk. We must change our focus from response to prevention.

• #83 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500029-treatment

  Infection control and prevention: To prevent transmission to other patients and healthcare workers, droplet precautions, including eye protection, should be implemented. While there is no evidence of airborne spread, the use of a particulate respirator is recommended during procedures likely to generate fine aerosols. […] Infection-control precautions should be maintained for 1 week from the onset of symptoms in adults and children over 12 years. For children younger than 12 years, who may shed high titers of the virus for up to 21 days, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends extending precautions for the same duration as for avian influenza. […] The presence of avian influenza virus in poultry presents a significant risk for sporadic human infections through exposure to infected birds and contaminated environments. Given the virus’s capacity to cross species barriers and the ongoing emergence of new strains, maintaining vigilant surveillance is crucial to prevent infections in both poultry and humans. Regular community awareness initiatives and training for healthcare personnel are essential. Any signs of infection observed in poultry should be promptly reported to local authorities. In the event of an outbreak, quick diagnosis and immediate implementation of containment strategies are necessary. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and hand hygiene must be adhered to during sampling.

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