Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_dihydrate_crystal_deposition_disease

  The condition is more common in older adults. […] CPPD is estimated to affect 4% to 7% of the adult populations of Europe and the United States. […] Previous studies have overestimated the prevalence by simply estimating the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, which is found in many other conditions as well. […] It may cause considerable pain, but it is never fatal. […] Women are at a slightly higher risk than men, with an estimated ratio of occurrence of 1.4:1.

• #2 Chondrocalcinosis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chondrocalcinosis

  Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease has been estimated to affect 4 to 7 percent of the adult populations of Europe and the United States. […] The average age at diagnosis of CPPD disease in one study was 72 years. […] There is no major gender predominance in CPPD. Attacks of acute arthritis may occur more frequently in men.

• #3 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting

  https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20231214/patients-with-pseudogout-have-double-the-risk-for-fracture-vs-controls

  Patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis demonstrate double the risk for fractures vs. matched comparators, according to data presented at ACR Convergence 2023. […] CPPD disease, which stands for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a very common crystalline arthritis that affects 8 million to 10 million adults over the age of 60, Sara Tedeschi, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Womens Hospital, in Boston, said at a press conference during the meeting. […] According to the researchers, the fracture incidence rate was twice as high among patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, at 11.2 per 1,000 person-years, compared with the matched control group, which demonstrated a rate of 5.6 per 1,000 person-years. […] Fracture risk remained twice as high in patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis even after adjusting for covariates (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). […] This was specifically driven by fractures of the wrist, where there was actually a four-fold increased risk, Tedeschi said.

• #4 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease/

  Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. […] Prevalence: 810 million adults in the US. […] Age of onset: adults 60 years.

• #5 „Pseudogout or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Insights” – by Dr Bodhisatwa Choudhuri | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pseudogout-or-calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-diagnosis-management-and-clinical-insights-by-dr-bodhisatwa-choudhuri/272760117

  Pseudogout, or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) disease, is an inflammatory arthritis triggered by calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints, commonly affecting older adults. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY Strongly associated with age: prevalence low in 50 years it rises from 10-15% in 65-75 years to 30-60% in 85 years. […] This presentation provides valuable insights into recognizing CPPDs varied manifestations and managing symptoms to improve quality of life. […] Definite diagnosis is obtained by identification of CPP crystals in SF. […] The most frequent CPPD presentation is asymptomatic CC, which requires no treatment. Treatment of acute CPP crystal arthritis mainly relies on joint aspiration and intra-articular steroid injection.

• #6 Pseudogout (CPPD) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/pseudogout-cppd-a-to-z

  Pseudogout is most common in the elderly. It affects about 3% of people in their 60s and as many as half of people in their 90s. […] Although age-related joint degeneration, prior joint damage or trauma, and these other medical conditions increase the likelihood of an attack of pseudogout, the reason some people develop this condition while others do not is often unknown. […] Your doctor may want to request tests for conditions that can trigger pseudogout. These may include tests of iron, calcium, magnesium and thyroid function. […] Treatment of a condition that increases the risk of pseudogout (such as hemochromatosis) may prevent development of the disease or repeated attacks. However, when there is no known cause or trigger, there is no way to prevent the development of pseudogout.

• #7 Pseudogout (CPPD) Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options

  https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/pseudogout-cppd.html

  Pseudogout is most common in the elderly. It affects about 3% of people in their 60s and as many as half of people in their 90s. […] Although age-related joint degeneration, prior joint damage or trauma, and these other medical conditions increase the likelihood of an attack of pseudogout, the reason some people develop this condition while others do not is often unknown.

• #8 Arthritis Medical Clinic

  https://www.arthritismedicalclinic.org/diseases/pseudogout.html

  Pseudogout affects about 3 percent of the people in their 60s and as many as 50 percent of people in their 90s. […] Proper diagnosis depends on identifying the causative calcium pyrophosphate crystals found in the fluid of an affected joint. […] Anyone can develop pseudogout; risk greatly increases with age.

• #9 „Pseudogout or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Insights” – by Dr Bodhisatwa Choudhuri | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pseudogout-or-calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-diagnosis-management-and-clinical-insights-by-dr-bodhisatwa-choudhuri/272760117

  Pseudogout, or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) disease, is an inflammatory arthritis triggered by calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints, commonly affecting older adults. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY Strongly associated with age: prevalence low in 50 years it rises from 10-15% in 65-75 years to 30-60% in 85 years. […] This presentation provides valuable insights into recognizing CPPDs varied manifestations and managing symptoms to improve quality of life. […] Definite diagnosis is obtained by identification of CPP crystals in SF. […] The most frequent CPPD presentation is asymptomatic CC, which requires no treatment. Treatment of acute CPP crystal arthritis mainly relies on joint aspiration and intra-articular steroid injection.

• #10 „Pseudogout or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Insights” – by Dr Bodhisatwa Choudhuri | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pseudogout-or-calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-diagnosis-management-and-clinical-insights-by-dr-bodhisatwa-choudhuri/272760117

  Pseudogout, or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) disease, is an inflammatory arthritis triggered by calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints, commonly affecting older adults. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY Strongly associated with age: prevalence low in 50 years it rises from 10-15% in 65-75 years to 30-60% in 85 years. […] This presentation provides valuable insights into recognizing CPPDs varied manifestations and managing symptoms to improve quality of life. […] Definite diagnosis is obtained by identification of CPP crystals in SF. […] The most frequent CPPD presentation is asymptomatic CC, which requires no treatment. Treatment of acute CPP crystal arthritis mainly relies on joint aspiration and intra-articular steroid injection.

• #11 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition

  Pseudogout comes on suddenly and causes intense pain in one or more joints. […] Developing pseudogout is more likely as a person ages. Almost half of people over 85 have the crystals, but many of them don’t have symptoms. […] Because CPPD resembles other forms of arthritis, it is difficult to diagnose based on a physical exam alone. […] In severe cases, surgery to replace damaged joints is an option.

• #12 Calcium Pyrophosphate Disease / Pseudogout – Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinics of Kansas

  https://arck.org/patient-education/calcium-pyrophosphate-disease-pseudogout/

  Deposits of these crystals can be seen in up to 4% of the adult population at some time during life, and the prevalence of these deposits increases with age to the point that about 1/2 of those in their 80s will demonstrate evidence for these deposits on x-ray. […] It is believed that the presence of the calcium crystals more rapidly strips away the lining of the cartilage. […] While identifying these associated diseases is important, treating them does not remove calcium crystal from the joint or reduce joint symptoms. CPPD still must be treated separately.

• #13 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #14

  https://www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/7040/pseudogout-cppd

  Pseudogout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by intra-articular calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition and presents with attacks of joint pain, joint stiffness and swelling. […] Epidemiology commonly affects the elderly. […] Epidemiology rarely affects younger patients, unless occurring in conjunction with other disease.

• #15 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Pseudogout is a major cause of acute monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis in the elderly. The attacks typically involve a large joint, most often the knee, and less often the wrist or ankle; unlike gout, pseudogout rarely involves the first metatarsophalangeal joint. […] Most of what we know about the epidemiology of CPPD crystal deposition disease is the product of inexact science. Prior analyses of prevalence of CPPD deposition disease were principally built on plain radiographic features characteristic of the disease, with assessments confined to only a few joints. […] What we do know with certainty is that the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition disease, including clinically silent disease, increases progressively with aging. […] The idiopathic/sporadic form of CPPD crystal deposition disease uncommonly presents before age 55, except with monoarticular disease following a history of joint trauma or knee meniscectomy.

• #16 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #17

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #18 Pathology Outlines – Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease

  https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/jointspseudogout.html

  Epidemiology […] – Affects the elderly (Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017;69:1400) […] – Young age presentation in familial and secondary types (Am J Hum Genet 1999;64:136) […] – M = F (Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009;48:711)

• #19 Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-deposition-disease-1?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjgh&lang=us

  CPPD is commonest in patients over the age of 50. Men and women are equally affected. […] Acute CPPD crystal arthritis (pseudogout) presents with severe acute or subacute pain, swelling, erythema, and warmth, of one or more joints and is usually self-limited. […] Most patients with imaging findings of CPPD are clinically asymptomatic.

• #20 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Pseudogout is a similar type of arthritis resulting from crystal deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and is also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. It affects older adults, but unlike gout, it involves men and women equally. The prevalence of gout and pseudogout are difficult to estimate for several reasons. Definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout relies on crystal examination from fluid which is not commonly performed. Additionally, pseudogout can masquerade as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and neuropathic type joint disease. A community study from the United Kingdom described a 7% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in knee x-rays of 1727 subjects, with a strong association with age. In the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a stratified, multistage sample representative of the US adult population, the prevalence of self-reported, health professional-diagnosed gout was 3.9%.

• #21 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #22 Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_dihydrate_crystal_deposition_disease

  The condition is more common in older adults. […] CPPD is estimated to affect 4% to 7% of the adult populations of Europe and the United States. […] Previous studies have overestimated the prevalence by simply estimating the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, which is found in many other conditions as well. […] It may cause considerable pain, but it is never fatal. […] Women are at a slightly higher risk than men, with an estimated ratio of occurrence of 1.4:1.

• #23 Pseudogout | The Bone School

  http://www.boneschool.com/pathology/crystal-arthopathies/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate

  M:F 2:1 […] Sometimes familial

• #24 Risk Factors for Pseudogout: An Electronic Medical Record Case-Control Study – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/risk-factors-for-pseudogout-an-electronic-medical-record-case-control-study/

  Background/Purpose: Prior studies of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) epidemiology either focused on the entire spectrum of CPPD or identified patients with its acute manifestation, pseudogout, using single non-validated diagnosis codes. […] Conclusion: Using a validated algorithm to identify 1800 pseudogout cases, we identified important metabolic correlates of this acute manifestation of CPPD. This is the first study to report higher risk for pseudogout among men and lower risk among black compared to white patients.

• #25 Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate) | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688650/all/Pseudogout__Calcium_Pyrophosphate_Dihydrate_

  Thought to affect 47% of adults in Europe and United States; 80% of patients 60 years. […] No gender predominance; men more likely to present acutely; women more likely to present atypically. […] Chondrocalcinosis present in 1:10 adults aged 60 to 75 years, 1:3 age 80 years; only a small percentage develop arthropathy.

• #26 Chondrocalcinosis – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chondrocalcinosis

  Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease has been estimated to affect 4 to 7 percent of the adult populations of Europe and the United States. […] The average age at diagnosis of CPPD disease in one study was 72 years. […] There is no major gender predominance in CPPD. Attacks of acute arthritis may occur more frequently in men.

• #27 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In a unique, and sizeable U.K. community study, adults over age 40 had an age-, sex-, and knee pain-adjusted prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 4.5%. […] Lack of uniformity of CPPD crystal deposition disease prevalence between populations has been illuminated by a comparison of a random sample of Beijing residents aged more than 60 years old with whites in the U.S. Framingham OA Study. The Chinese participants had a much lower prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis, and wrist chondrocalcinosis was quite uncommon in the aged Chinese cohort.

• #28 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In a unique, and sizeable U.K. community study, adults over age 40 had an age-, sex-, and knee pain-adjusted prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 4.5%. […] Lack of uniformity of CPPD crystal deposition disease prevalence between populations has been illuminated by a comparison of a random sample of Beijing residents aged more than 60 years old with whites in the U.S. Framingham OA Study. The Chinese participants had a much lower prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis, and wrist chondrocalcinosis was quite uncommon in the aged Chinese cohort.

• #29 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In a unique, and sizeable U.K. community study, adults over age 40 had an age-, sex-, and knee pain-adjusted prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 4.5%. […] Lack of uniformity of CPPD crystal deposition disease prevalence between populations has been illuminated by a comparison of a random sample of Beijing residents aged more than 60 years old with whites in the U.S. Framingham OA Study. The Chinese participants had a much lower prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis, and wrist chondrocalcinosis was quite uncommon in the aged Chinese cohort.

• #30 Risk Factors for Pseudogout: An Electronic Medical Record Case-Control Study – ACR Meeting Abstracts

  https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/risk-factors-for-pseudogout-an-electronic-medical-record-case-control-study/

  Background/Purpose: Prior studies of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) epidemiology either focused on the entire spectrum of CPPD or identified patients with its acute manifestation, pseudogout, using single non-validated diagnosis codes. […] Conclusion: Using a validated algorithm to identify 1800 pseudogout cases, we identified important metabolic correlates of this acute manifestation of CPPD. This is the first study to report higher risk for pseudogout among men and lower risk among black compared to white patients.

• #31

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #32 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The true prevalence of CPDD is unknown. […] Our current estimates are largely based on the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, the radiographic correlate of CPPD. […] Even these data rely on relatively few large population-based studies. […] These include an American study that used the Framingham database to demonstrate a 3% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis of the knee in an adult population. […] In the United Kingdom, a similar study demonstrated a prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 7% to 10% in people older than 60 years of age. […] The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis is clearly age dependent and rises dramatically with each decade over the age of 60 years. […] There is no clear sex preference, but chondrocalcinosis may be less common in certain populations, such as the Chinese.

• #33 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Pseudogout is a similar type of arthritis resulting from crystal deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and is also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. It affects older adults, but unlike gout, it involves men and women equally. The prevalence of gout and pseudogout are difficult to estimate for several reasons. Definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout relies on crystal examination from fluid which is not commonly performed. Additionally, pseudogout can masquerade as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and neuropathic type joint disease. A community study from the United Kingdom described a 7% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in knee x-rays of 1727 subjects, with a strong association with age. In the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a stratified, multistage sample representative of the US adult population, the prevalence of self-reported, health professional-diagnosed gout was 3.9%.

• #34 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Pseudogout is a similar type of arthritis resulting from crystal deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and is also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. It affects older adults, but unlike gout, it involves men and women equally. The prevalence of gout and pseudogout are difficult to estimate for several reasons. Definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout relies on crystal examination from fluid which is not commonly performed. Additionally, pseudogout can masquerade as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and neuropathic type joint disease. A community study from the United Kingdom described a 7% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in knee x-rays of 1727 subjects, with a strong association with age. In the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a stratified, multistage sample representative of the US adult population, the prevalence of self-reported, health professional-diagnosed gout was 3.9%.

• #35 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Pseudogout is a similar type of arthritis resulting from crystal deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and is also known as calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. It affects older adults, but unlike gout, it involves men and women equally. The prevalence of gout and pseudogout are difficult to estimate for several reasons. Definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout relies on crystal examination from fluid which is not commonly performed. Additionally, pseudogout can masquerade as osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and neuropathic type joint disease. A community study from the United Kingdom described a 7% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis in knee x-rays of 1727 subjects, with a strong association with age. In the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a stratified, multistage sample representative of the US adult population, the prevalence of self-reported, health professional-diagnosed gout was 3.9%.

• #36 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Because pseudogout can mimic many other rheumatic diseases, it is likely underdiagnosed. For example, elderly patients with polyarthritis due to CPP deposition are often misdiagnosed with RA. Conversely, the finding of chondrocalcinosis on x-ray does not prove that the joint symptoms are definitely due to CPP deposition.

• #37 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Pseudogout is a major cause of acute monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis in the elderly. The attacks typically involve a large joint, most often the knee, and less often the wrist or ankle; unlike gout, pseudogout rarely involves the first metatarsophalangeal joint. […] Most of what we know about the epidemiology of CPPD crystal deposition disease is the product of inexact science. Prior analyses of prevalence of CPPD deposition disease were principally built on plain radiographic features characteristic of the disease, with assessments confined to only a few joints. […] What we do know with certainty is that the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition disease, including clinically silent disease, increases progressively with aging. […] The idiopathic/sporadic form of CPPD crystal deposition disease uncommonly presents before age 55, except with monoarticular disease following a history of joint trauma or knee meniscectomy.

• #38 Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_pyrophosphate_dihydrate_crystal_deposition_disease

  The condition is more common in older adults. […] CPPD is estimated to affect 4% to 7% of the adult populations of Europe and the United States. […] Previous studies have overestimated the prevalence by simply estimating the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, which is found in many other conditions as well. […] It may cause considerable pain, but it is never fatal. […] Women are at a slightly higher risk than men, with an estimated ratio of occurrence of 1.4:1.

• #39 Gout and Pseudogout | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Because pseudogout can mimic many other rheumatic diseases, it is likely underdiagnosed. For example, elderly patients with polyarthritis due to CPP deposition are often misdiagnosed with RA. Conversely, the finding of chondrocalcinosis on x-ray does not prove that the joint symptoms are definitely due to CPP deposition.

• #40 Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

  https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/rheumatology/gout-and-pseudogout/

  Few studies have addressed the epidemiology of CPPD disease. It appears to affect about 1 per 1000 individuals and is much more common in those older than 65 years of age. A widely cited study that looked at age distribution of patients with CPPD disease by radiographic examination reported the prevalence to be 15% in those aged 65 to 74 years and higher than 40% after age 84. This disease is not commonly encountered in younger patients (ie, under 50 years of age) without a previous history of trauma or surgery. It has no definite ethnic or gender predilection. […] Epidemiologic studies, however, have not been consistent in using universal investigative methods. Some studies estimated the prevalence based on radiographic findings of chondrocalcinosis in degenerative joint diseases; other studies estimated it based on synovial fluid analyses. This discrepancy creates limitations in extrapolating the data to patients with the clinical constellation of CPPD disease symptoms.

• #41 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (Pseudogout)

  https://patient.info/doctor/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-including-pseudogout-pro

  Calcium pyrophosphate deposition is common in the elderly. Half of adults develop radiographic changes typical of CPPD by the age of 80. […] One English study reported a prevalence of CPPD of 7-10% in people over the age of 60. This study also reported an equal gender distribution. […] Most cases of CPPD are non-familial but mutations in the ANK human gene (ANKH) have been demonstrated in some families.

• #42 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The true prevalence of CPDD is unknown. […] Our current estimates are largely based on the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, the radiographic correlate of CPPD. […] Even these data rely on relatively few large population-based studies. […] These include an American study that used the Framingham database to demonstrate a 3% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis of the knee in an adult population. […] In the United Kingdom, a similar study demonstrated a prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 7% to 10% in people older than 60 years of age. […] The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis is clearly age dependent and rises dramatically with each decade over the age of 60 years. […] There is no clear sex preference, but chondrocalcinosis may be less common in certain populations, such as the Chinese.

• #43 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The true prevalence of CPDD is unknown. […] Our current estimates are largely based on the prevalence of chondrocalcinosis, the radiographic correlate of CPPD. […] Even these data rely on relatively few large population-based studies. […] These include an American study that used the Framingham database to demonstrate a 3% prevalence of chondrocalcinosis of the knee in an adult population. […] In the United Kingdom, a similar study demonstrated a prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 7% to 10% in people older than 60 years of age. […] The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis is clearly age dependent and rises dramatically with each decade over the age of 60 years. […] There is no clear sex preference, but chondrocalcinosis may be less common in certain populations, such as the Chinese.

• #44 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  In a unique, and sizeable U.K. community study, adults over age 40 had an age-, sex-, and knee pain-adjusted prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis of 4.5%. […] Lack of uniformity of CPPD crystal deposition disease prevalence between populations has been illuminated by a comparison of a random sample of Beijing residents aged more than 60 years old with whites in the U.S. Framingham OA Study. The Chinese participants had a much lower prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis, and wrist chondrocalcinosis was quite uncommon in the aged Chinese cohort.

• #45 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #46 Gout and Pseudogout: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/329958-overview

  In the United States in 2015-2016, the overall prevalence of gout in adults was 3.9%, corresponding to a total affected population of 9.2 million. Prevalence is approximately 20% in patients with a family history of gout. It is estimated that more than 2 million people in the United States take medication to decrease serum uric acid levels. […] The frequency of pseudogout varies with age. The annual incidence of acute attacks of arthritic pain and swelling is about 1.3 per 1000 adults, but nearly 50% of adults develop radiographic changes typical of CPPD by age 80 years. […] Gout has a worldwide distribution, with a prevalence of 1-4% and an incidence of 0.1-0.3%. The prevalence varies widely from country to country. Regional differences may reflect environmental, dietary, and genetic influences.

• #47 Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition)

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-pseudogout

  CPPD is more common as you get older. X-ray studies show that over half of people over the age of 80 have changes typical of CPPD. […] Figures from America suggest that every year about 1 in 100,000 people experience an acute attack of pseudogout.

• #48 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #49 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #50 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #51 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #52 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #53 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #54 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #55 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #56 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #57 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) Disease: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330936-overview

  CPPD is a common condition that occurs with aging in all races. In a retrospective study of 1070 consecutive computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis in patients over 65 years of age, the prevalence of symphysis pubis chondrocalcinosis was 21.1%. Nearly 50% of people older than 85 years have radiologic evidence of chondrocalcinosis. […] CPPD is slightly more common in women than in men. The exact female-to-male ratio is unknown but is probably 1.4:1. […] CPPD usually occurs in individuals who are in the fifth decade of life or older, with increasing prevalence as age increases. When it occurs early, before the fourth decade of life, it is usually associated with a secondary cause, such as an underlying metabolic disease, or with a familial cause. […] In a cross-sectional study in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) population that included 25,157 patients with CPPD, the strongest positive associations with CPPD were as follows: Hyperparathyroidism (odds ratio [OR] 3.35), Gout (OR 2.82), Osteoarthritis (OR 2.26), Rheumatoid arthritis (OR 1.88), Hemochromatosis (OR 1.87). In addition, positive associations were seen with osteoporosis (OR 1.26), hypomagnesemia (OR 1.23), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.12), and calcium supplementation (OR 1.15). Negative associations were seen with use of proton-pump inhibitors or loop diuretics.

• #58 Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3475980/

  Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. […] We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). […] This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. […] In this large general practice cohort representative of the UK population, we found that having a history of hyperparathyroidism, OA and loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. However, established risk factors for gout, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, thiazide use hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure, were not significantly associated with the risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. […] These findings highlight the potential need to further investigate the clinical outcome of pseudogout and support the avoidance of loop diuretics among individuals with pseudogout.

• #59 Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3475980/

  Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. […] We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). […] This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. […] In this large general practice cohort representative of the UK population, we found that having a history of hyperparathyroidism, OA and loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. However, established risk factors for gout, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, thiazide use hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure, were not significantly associated with the risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. […] These findings highlight the potential need to further investigate the clinical outcome of pseudogout and support the avoidance of loop diuretics among individuals with pseudogout.

• #60 Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3475980/

  Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. […] We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). […] This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. […] In this large general practice cohort representative of the UK population, we found that having a history of hyperparathyroidism, OA and loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. However, established risk factors for gout, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, thiazide use hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure, were not significantly associated with the risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. […] These findings highlight the potential need to further investigate the clinical outcome of pseudogout and support the avoidance of loop diuretics among individuals with pseudogout.

• #61 Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3475980/

  Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. […] We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). […] This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. […] In this large general practice cohort representative of the UK population, we found that having a history of hyperparathyroidism, OA and loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. However, established risk factors for gout, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, thiazide use hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure, were not significantly associated with the risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. […] These findings highlight the potential need to further investigate the clinical outcome of pseudogout and support the avoidance of loop diuretics among individuals with pseudogout.

• #62 Risk factors for pseudogout in the general population

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3475980/

  Objective. To evaluate the association between the purported risk factors for chondrocalcinosis and gout and the risk of pseudogout in the general population. […] We identified 795 cases of pseudogout and 7770 matched control subjects. The risk of pseudogout was associated with hyperparathyroidism [odds ratio (OR) 4.87; 95% CI 2.10, 11.3], OA (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.48, 3.43) and loop diuretic use (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.67). […] This general population study based on physician-recorded pseudogout suggests that most of the previously observed associations with chondrocalcinosis are replicable with the risk of pseudogout, but there are notable differences, such as thiazide diuretics, RA and chronic renal failure, highlighting the need to study the clinical outcome, pseudogout. […] In this large general practice cohort representative of the UK population, we found that having a history of hyperparathyroidism, OA and loop diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. However, established risk factors for gout, such as obesity, alcohol consumption, thiazide use hypertension, diabetes and congestive heart failure, were not significantly associated with the risk of physician-recorded pseudogout. […] These findings highlight the potential need to further investigate the clinical outcome of pseudogout and support the avoidance of loop diuretics among individuals with pseudogout.

• #63

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #64

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #65

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #66

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #67

  https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2013/october/cppd.aspx

  There is little research into the prevalence of symptomatic calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease. Chondrocalcinosis, which is calcification of the articular cartilage, most often caused by CPPD, is estimated to affect 5% of the general population, and prevalence increases with age. CPPD disease may be more prevalent in females than males, but evidence is conflicting. There is currently no evidence available regarding ethnic differences between the prevalence of CPPD disease in Mori, Pacific peoples and New Zealand Europeans. However, there is some evidence that people of Asian descent may have a lower prevalence of CPPD disease than people of European descent. […] The association between CPPD and osteoarthritis is complex. The two conditions have risk factors in common, such as increasing age and previous injury, and CPP crystal deposition is increased in the presence of damaged cartilage. However, CPPD also appears to initiate and worsen existing osteoarthritic damage in joints. CPP crystals are found in approximately one-third of cases where samples are taken from the knees of patients with osteoarthritis who are undergoing arthroscopy.

• #68 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #69 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #70 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #71 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting

  https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20231214/patients-with-pseudogout-have-double-the-risk-for-fracture-vs-controls

  Patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis demonstrate double the risk for fractures vs. matched comparators, according to data presented at ACR Convergence 2023. […] CPPD disease, which stands for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a very common crystalline arthritis that affects 8 million to 10 million adults over the age of 60, Sara Tedeschi, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Womens Hospital, in Boston, said at a press conference during the meeting. […] According to the researchers, the fracture incidence rate was twice as high among patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, at 11.2 per 1,000 person-years, compared with the matched control group, which demonstrated a rate of 5.6 per 1,000 person-years. […] Fracture risk remained twice as high in patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis even after adjusting for covariates (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). […] This was specifically driven by fractures of the wrist, where there was actually a four-fold increased risk, Tedeschi said.

• #72 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting

  https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20231214/patients-with-pseudogout-have-double-the-risk-for-fracture-vs-controls

  Patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis demonstrate double the risk for fractures vs. matched comparators, according to data presented at ACR Convergence 2023. […] CPPD disease, which stands for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a very common crystalline arthritis that affects 8 million to 10 million adults over the age of 60, Sara Tedeschi, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Womens Hospital, in Boston, said at a press conference during the meeting. […] According to the researchers, the fracture incidence rate was twice as high among patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, at 11.2 per 1,000 person-years, compared with the matched control group, which demonstrated a rate of 5.6 per 1,000 person-years. […] Fracture risk remained twice as high in patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis even after adjusting for covariates (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). […] This was specifically driven by fractures of the wrist, where there was actually a four-fold increased risk, Tedeschi said.

• #73 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting

  https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20231214/patients-with-pseudogout-have-double-the-risk-for-fracture-vs-controls

  Patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis demonstrate double the risk for fractures vs. matched comparators, according to data presented at ACR Convergence 2023. […] CPPD disease, which stands for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a very common crystalline arthritis that affects 8 million to 10 million adults over the age of 60, Sara Tedeschi, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Womens Hospital, in Boston, said at a press conference during the meeting. […] According to the researchers, the fracture incidence rate was twice as high among patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, at 11.2 per 1,000 person-years, compared with the matched control group, which demonstrated a rate of 5.6 per 1,000 person-years. […] Fracture risk remained twice as high in patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis even after adjusting for covariates (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). […] This was specifically driven by fractures of the wrist, where there was actually a four-fold increased risk, Tedeschi said.

• #74 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting

  https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20231214/patients-with-pseudogout-have-double-the-risk-for-fracture-vs-controls

  Patients with acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis demonstrate double the risk for fractures vs. matched comparators, according to data presented at ACR Convergence 2023. […] CPPD disease, which stands for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, is a very common crystalline arthritis that affects 8 million to 10 million adults over the age of 60, Sara Tedeschi, MD, MPH, of Brigham and Womens Hospital, in Boston, said at a press conference during the meeting. […] According to the researchers, the fracture incidence rate was twice as high among patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis, at 11.2 per 1,000 person-years, compared with the matched control group, which demonstrated a rate of 5.6 per 1,000 person-years. […] Fracture risk remained twice as high in patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis even after adjusting for covariates (HR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.4). […] This was specifically driven by fractures of the wrist, where there was actually a four-fold increased risk, Tedeschi said.

• #75 Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a case report with systematic literature review

  https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.22514/jofph.2025.004

  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) is a metabolic disease resulting in acute arthritis. The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical presentations, prevalence, and treatment modalities associated with CPPD when it affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). […] A systematic review of literature identified 64 papers, reaching a total of 74 cases of CPPD of the temporomandibular joint TMJ. CPPD is a condition that typically affects middle-aged or older patients, with an average age of around 60 at the time of diagnosis. Females are affected more frequently than males. […] Different papers also describe severe stages of the invasion of muscles, parotid gland, and even brain structure. […] CPPD is an uncommon, locally invasive, and typically benign condition that rarely affects the TMJ. Distinguishing CPDD in the TMJ from other neoplasms poses diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis necessitates histological examination and quantitative microanalysis.

• #76 Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a case report with systematic literature review

  https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.22514/jofph.2025.004

  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) is a metabolic disease resulting in acute arthritis. The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical presentations, prevalence, and treatment modalities associated with CPPD when it affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). […] A systematic review of literature identified 64 papers, reaching a total of 74 cases of CPPD of the temporomandibular joint TMJ. CPPD is a condition that typically affects middle-aged or older patients, with an average age of around 60 at the time of diagnosis. Females are affected more frequently than males. […] Different papers also describe severe stages of the invasion of muscles, parotid gland, and even brain structure. […] CPPD is an uncommon, locally invasive, and typically benign condition that rarely affects the TMJ. Distinguishing CPDD in the TMJ from other neoplasms poses diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis necessitates histological examination and quantitative microanalysis.

• #77 Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a case report with systematic literature review

  https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.22514/jofph.2025.004

  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) is a metabolic disease resulting in acute arthritis. The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical presentations, prevalence, and treatment modalities associated with CPPD when it affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). […] A systematic review of literature identified 64 papers, reaching a total of 74 cases of CPPD of the temporomandibular joint TMJ. CPPD is a condition that typically affects middle-aged or older patients, with an average age of around 60 at the time of diagnosis. Females are affected more frequently than males. […] Different papers also describe severe stages of the invasion of muscles, parotid gland, and even brain structure. […] CPPD is an uncommon, locally invasive, and typically benign condition that rarely affects the TMJ. Distinguishing CPDD in the TMJ from other neoplasms poses diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis necessitates histological examination and quantitative microanalysis.

• #78 Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a case report with systematic literature review

  https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.22514/jofph.2025.004

  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) is a metabolic disease resulting in acute arthritis. The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical presentations, prevalence, and treatment modalities associated with CPPD when it affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). […] A systematic review of literature identified 64 papers, reaching a total of 74 cases of CPPD of the temporomandibular joint TMJ. CPPD is a condition that typically affects middle-aged or older patients, with an average age of around 60 at the time of diagnosis. Females are affected more frequently than males. […] Different papers also describe severe stages of the invasion of muscles, parotid gland, and even brain structure. […] CPPD is an uncommon, locally invasive, and typically benign condition that rarely affects the TMJ. Distinguishing CPDD in the TMJ from other neoplasms poses diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis necessitates histological examination and quantitative microanalysis.

• #79 Pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a case report with systematic literature review

  https://www.jofph.com/articles/10.22514/jofph.2025.004

  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPPD) is a metabolic disease resulting in acute arthritis. The purpose of this review is to examine the clinical presentations, prevalence, and treatment modalities associated with CPPD when it affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). […] A systematic review of literature identified 64 papers, reaching a total of 74 cases of CPPD of the temporomandibular joint TMJ. CPPD is a condition that typically affects middle-aged or older patients, with an average age of around 60 at the time of diagnosis. Females are affected more frequently than males. […] Different papers also describe severe stages of the invasion of muscles, parotid gland, and even brain structure. […] CPPD is an uncommon, locally invasive, and typically benign condition that rarely affects the TMJ. Distinguishing CPDD in the TMJ from other neoplasms poses diagnostic challenges. A definitive diagnosis necessitates histological examination and quantitative microanalysis.

• #80 Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-deposition-disease-1?embed_domain=hackmd.io%252525252F%2525252540yIPUAFeCSL2JsU8smR5nJQ%252525252Fbnjhjgjghjghjgh&lang=us

  CPPD is commonest in patients over the age of 50. Men and women are equally affected. […] Acute CPPD crystal arthritis (pseudogout) presents with severe acute or subacute pain, swelling, erythema, and warmth, of one or more joints and is usually self-limited. […] Most patients with imaging findings of CPPD are clinically asymptomatic.

• #81 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540151/

  Most patients affected by acute calcium pyrophosphate deposition arthritis are over the age of 65. Thirty to fifty percent of patients present over the age of 85 years. A cross-sectional study involving 2,157 cases of CPPD in US veterans reported a point prevalence of 5.2 per 1000, with an average age of 68 years and 95% of male prevalence. CPPD rarely presents in patients under the age of 60. […] A large cross-sectional study reported a 4 % crude prevalence of radiographic chondrocalcinosis in the general population.

• #82 Calcium Pyrophosphate Disease/Pseudogout | Rheumatology & Clinical Research located in North Houston, Tomball, TX | Rheumatology Clinic of Houston

  https://www.houstonrheumatology.com/content/calcium-pyrophosphate-disease-pseudogout

  Deposits of these crystals can be seen in up to 4% of the adult population at some time during life, and the prevalence of these deposits increases with age to the point that about 1/2 of those in their 80s will demonstrate evidence for these deposits on x-ray. […] It is believed that the presence of the calcium crystals more rapidly strips away the lining of the cartilage. […] Many people over the age of 65 with no joint symptoms may demonstrate these calcium deposits on x-ray. […] Over-activity of the parathyroid gland, which controls calcium levels in the body, under-activity of the thyroid gland, low magnesium levels, and a disease causing iron overload known as hemochromatosis are all seen in increased frequency in patients with CPPD and should be considered and screened for with blood tests.

• #83 Calcium Pyrophosphate Disease / Pseudogout – Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinics of Kansas

  https://arck.org/patient-education/calcium-pyrophosphate-disease-pseudogout/

  Deposits of these crystals can be seen in up to 4% of the adult population at some time during life, and the prevalence of these deposits increases with age to the point that about 1/2 of those in their 80s will demonstrate evidence for these deposits on x-ray. […] It is believed that the presence of the calcium crystals more rapidly strips away the lining of the cartilage. […] While identifying these associated diseases is important, treating them does not remove calcium crystal from the joint or reduce joint symptoms. CPPD still must be treated separately.

• #84 Calcium Pyrophosphate Disease/Pseudogout | Rheumatology & Clinical Research located in North Houston, Tomball, TX | Rheumatology Clinic of Houston

  https://www.houstonrheumatology.com/content/calcium-pyrophosphate-disease-pseudogout

  Deposits of these crystals can be seen in up to 4% of the adult population at some time during life, and the prevalence of these deposits increases with age to the point that about 1/2 of those in their 80s will demonstrate evidence for these deposits on x-ray. […] It is believed that the presence of the calcium crystals more rapidly strips away the lining of the cartilage. […] Many people over the age of 65 with no joint symptoms may demonstrate these calcium deposits on x-ray. […] Over-activity of the parathyroid gland, which controls calcium levels in the body, under-activity of the thyroid gland, low magnesium levels, and a disease causing iron overload known as hemochromatosis are all seen in increased frequency in patients with CPPD and should be considered and screened for with blood tests.

• #85 „Pseudogout or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Clinical Insights” – by Dr Bodhisatwa Choudhuri | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/pseudogout-or-calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-diagnosis-management-and-clinical-insights-by-dr-bodhisatwa-choudhuri/272760117

  Pseudogout, or Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) disease, is an inflammatory arthritis triggered by calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints, commonly affecting older adults. […] EPIDEMIOLOGY Strongly associated with age: prevalence low in 50 years it rises from 10-15% in 65-75 years to 30-60% in 85 years. […] This presentation provides valuable insights into recognizing CPPDs varied manifestations and managing symptoms to improve quality of life. […] Definite diagnosis is obtained by identification of CPP crystals in SF. […] The most frequent CPPD presentation is asymptomatic CC, which requires no treatment. Treatment of acute CPP crystal arthritis mainly relies on joint aspiration and intra-articular steroid injection.

• #86 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (Pseudogout)

  https://patient.info/doctor/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-including-pseudogout-pro

  Calcium pyrophosphate deposition is common in the elderly. Half of adults develop radiographic changes typical of CPPD by the age of 80. […] One English study reported a prevalence of CPPD of 7-10% in people over the age of 60. This study also reported an equal gender distribution. […] Most cases of CPPD are non-familial but mutations in the ANK human gene (ANKH) have been demonstrated in some families.

• #87 Pseudogout | The Bone School

  http://www.boneschool.com/pathology/crystal-arthopathies/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate

  M:F 2:1 […] Sometimes familial

• #88 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Musculoskeletal Key

  https://musculoskeletalkey.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-dihydrate-crystal-deposition-epidemiology-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment/

  Pseudogout is a major cause of acute monoarticular or oligoarticular arthritis in the elderly. The attacks typically involve a large joint, most often the knee, and less often the wrist or ankle; unlike gout, pseudogout rarely involves the first metatarsophalangeal joint. […] Most of what we know about the epidemiology of CPPD crystal deposition disease is the product of inexact science. Prior analyses of prevalence of CPPD deposition disease were principally built on plain radiographic features characteristic of the disease, with assessments confined to only a few joints. […] What we do know with certainty is that the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition disease, including clinically silent disease, increases progressively with aging. […] The idiopathic/sporadic form of CPPD crystal deposition disease uncommonly presents before age 55, except with monoarticular disease following a history of joint trauma or knee meniscectomy.

• #89 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #90 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #91 Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (pseudogout) – Clinical Tree

  https://clinicalpub.com/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition-disease-pseudogout/

  The prevalence of clinically important arthritis associated with CPP crystals is much more difficult to accurately assess. […] In a recent study of hospitalizations related to crystal arthritis, gout represented 48% of cases and CPDD accounted for 43%. […] Thus the burden of this disease in the inpatient setting may be similar to that of gout. […] We know that CPP crystals are present in 20% to 30% of knee fluids at the time of surgery in patients diagnosed with OA. […] Interestingly, careful examination of tissues at the time of either knee or hip replacement suggests an identical prevalence. […] Because OA occurs in about 27 million Americans, extrapolating these data would result in a conservative estimate of between 5 and 8 million affected people in the United States.

• #92 Pseudogout (CPPD) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/pseudogout-cppd-a-to-z

  Pseudogout is most common in the elderly. It affects about 3% of people in their 60s and as many as half of people in their 90s. […] Although age-related joint degeneration, prior joint damage or trauma, and these other medical conditions increase the likelihood of an attack of pseudogout, the reason some people develop this condition while others do not is often unknown. […] Your doctor may want to request tests for conditions that can trigger pseudogout. These may include tests of iron, calcium, magnesium and thyroid function. […] Treatment of a condition that increases the risk of pseudogout (such as hemochromatosis) may prevent development of the disease or repeated attacks. However, when there is no known cause or trigger, there is no way to prevent the development of pseudogout.

• #93 Calcium Pyrophosphate Disease / Pseudogout – Arthritis and Rheumatology Clinics of Kansas

  https://arck.org/patient-education/calcium-pyrophosphate-disease-pseudogout/

  Deposits of these crystals can be seen in up to 4% of the adult population at some time during life, and the prevalence of these deposits increases with age to the point that about 1/2 of those in their 80s will demonstrate evidence for these deposits on x-ray. […] It is believed that the presence of the calcium crystals more rapidly strips away the lining of the cartilage. […] While identifying these associated diseases is important, treating them does not remove calcium crystal from the joint or reduce joint symptoms. CPPD still must be treated separately.

• #94 Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/calcium-pyrophosphate-deposition

  Pseudogout comes on suddenly and causes intense pain in one or more joints. […] Developing pseudogout is more likely as a person ages. Almost half of people over 85 have the crystals, but many of them don’t have symptoms. […] Because CPPD resembles other forms of arthritis, it is difficult to diagnose based on a physical exam alone. […] In severe cases, surgery to replace damaged joints is an option.

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