Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Common cold in babies – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold-in-babies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351651

  A common cold in a baby is a viral infection in the nose and throat. A cold virus enters babies’ bodies through the mouth, eyes or nose. […] Once infected by a virus, a baby’s body usually can fight off that same virus in the future. That’s called immunity. But because so many viruses cause colds, babies may have several colds a year and many throughout their lives. Also, some viruses don’t give lasting immunity. […] Babies are at risk of common colds because they haven’t yet come into contact with most of the viruses that cause them.

• #2 Content – Health Encyclopedia – University of Rochester Medical Center

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02966

  Colds happen when a virus irritates (inflames) the lining of the nose and throat. Colds can be caused by more than 200 different viruses. But most colds are caused by rhinoviruses. […] A child’s immune system is not as strong as an adult’s when it comes to fighting cold germs. […] Most common colds are diagnosed based on symptoms. But cold symptoms may seem like other bacterial infections, allergies, and health problems. […] There is no cure for the common cold. Most children recover from colds on their own. Antibiotics don’t work against viral infections, so they are not prescribed. Instead, treatment is focused on helping ease your child’s symptoms until the illness passes.

• #3 Common Cold (Rhinovirus): Symptoms, Cold vs. Flu, Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12342-common-cold

  Rhinoviruses cause up to 50% of common colds. There are more than 100 different rhinoviruses. But other types of viruses, such as coronaviruses, can also cause colds. More than 200 different viruses can cause a cold. […] The common cold in children and babies occurs more often because they havent been exposed to as many viruses as adults. Their immune systems have to learn how to recognize and fight new germs. […] Cold viruses can live on objects for several hours. Babies often pick up objects that other babies have touched. If a baby touches something that has cold germs on it, then touches their mouth, eyes or nose, the germs can infect them.

• #4 Common Cold in Children: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/services/pediatrics/pediatrician/common-illnesses/common-cold

  The common cold is a viral infection that affects the upper respiratory tract meaning it messes with your nose, throat and sinuses. […] Colds are caused by viruses more than 200 different types of them. […] Kids tend to catch a lot of these viruses because their immune systems are still growing. […] In children, colds are usually caused by these viruses: Rhinovirus: This is the number one cause of colds and is most active in early fall, spring and summer. […] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): Common in infants and young children, RSV can cause cold-like symptoms or severe infections, like pneumonia. […] Coronavirus: In addition to COVID-19, other coronaviruses can cause mild respiratory (breathing) symptoms. […] Adenovirus: Common in school-aged children, it can lead to colds, sore throat and more.

• #5 Cold | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cold

  A cold is caused by a virus. There are more than 200 different types of viruses that can cause a cold. The most common one is called the rhinovirus, but others include the coronavirus, parainfluenza, adenovirus, enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial viruses. […] Once a virus enters your child’s body, it causes a reaction the body’s immune system begins to react to and fight off the foreign virus. This, in turn, causes: An increase in mucus production (a runny nose), Swelling of the lining of the nose (making it hard to breath and congestion), Sneezing (from the irritation in the nose), Cough (from the increased mucus dripping down the throat).

• #6 Patient education: The common cold in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print

  COMMON COLD OVERVIEW […] The common cold is the most common illness in the United States. Infants and children are affected more often and experience more prolonged symptoms than adults. The common cold accounts for approximately 22 million missed days of school and 20 million absences from work, including time away from work caring for ill children. […] […] […] COMMON COLD CAUSES […] The common cold is a group of symptoms caused by a number of different viruses. There are more than 100 different varieties of rhinovirus, the type of virus responsible for the greatest number of colds. Other viruses that cause colds include enteroviruses (echovirus and coxsackieviruses) and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because there are so many viruses that cause the symptoms of the common cold, people may have multiple colds each year and dozens over a lifetime.

• #7 Patient education: The common cold in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-beyond-the-basics

  The common cold is a group of symptoms caused by a number of different viruses. There are more than 100 different varieties of rhinovirus, the type of virus responsible for the greatest number of colds. Other viruses that cause colds include enteroviruses (echovirus and coxsackieviruses) and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). […] The common cold may occur at any time of year, although most colds occur during the fall and winter months, regardless of the geographic location. Colds are not caused by cold climates or being exposed to cold air. […] Colds are transmitted from person-to-person, either by direct contact or by contact with the virus in the environment. Colds are most contagious during the first two to four days.

• #7 Patient education: The common cold in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-beyond-the-basics

  People with colds typically carry the cold virus on their hands, where it is capable of infecting another person for at least two hours. […] Droplets containing viral particles can be exhaled into the air by breathing or coughing. Rhinoviruses are not usually transmitted as a result of contact with infected droplets, although influenza virus and coronavirus can be transmitted via small droplets. Cold viruses are not usually spread through saliva. […] The common cold is a group of symptoms caused by a number of different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Children under six years average six to eight colds per year (up to one per month, September through April), with symptoms lasting an average of 14 days. […] Most children who have colds do not develop complications. However, caregivers should be aware of the signs and symptoms of potential complications, including ear infections, asthma, sinusitis, pneumonia, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), myocarditis, and pericarditis.

• #8 Navigating Baby’s First Cold | Zarbee’s®

  https://www.zarbees.com/resources/parents-guide-to-babys-first-cold

  A typical infants cold is caused by a viral infection of the nose and throat. […] A cold is a contagious upper respiratory infection that affects the nose, throat, sinuses and windpipe (trachea). There are over 200 types of viruses that can cause a cold, though rhinovirus is the most common. A virus can enter an infants system through the mouth, eyes, or nose, and begin to cause symptoms. […] Rhinovirus in infants can be transmitted via: Air: If an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks near your baby, the virus could spread to them. Direct contact: If an infected person touches your baby, particularly on their hand, the baby could become infected when they put their hand near their eyes, nose, or mouth. Contaminated surfaces: Some viruses live on surfaceslike toys, pacifiers, or a crib railingfor up to two or more hours. Your baby can become infected when they touch the surfaces and then touch their eyes, nose, or mouth. […] Sometimes, an upper respiratory cold can lead to an ear infection if germs travel into the middle ear through the eustachian tubes. Once inside, the virus or bacteria can cause the eustachian tube to swell, leading to blockage in the tube, poor ear function, and infected fluid in the middle ear.

• #9 Common cold in babies – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/common-cold-in-babies/

  A common cold is a viral infection of your baby’s nose and throat. Nasal congestion and a runny nose are the main signs of a cold. […] The common cold is an infection of the nose and throat (upper respiratory tract infection) that can be caused by one of more than 200 viruses. Rhinoviruses are the most common. […] A cold virus enters your baby’s body through his or her mouth, eyes or nose. […] Once infected by a virus, your baby generally becomes immune to that virus. But because so many viruses cause colds, your baby may have several colds a year and many throughout his or her lifetime. Also, some viruses don’t produce lasting immunity. […] Your baby can be infected with a virus by: Air. When someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks, he or she might directly spread the virus to your baby.

• #10 The Milky Box Logo

  https://themilkybox.com/blogs/themilkyblog/baby-first-cold?srsltid=AfmBOopM4KOwhrYvQvlKdCzZTFc0ltItcB2tOQCO5rOlvd4RKo_8ExHL

  Colds spread easily through the air when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or talk, releasing virus-containing droplets that can be inhaled by your baby. […] Additionally, direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces, such as toys or household items, can also transmit the virus to your baby when they touch their eyes, nose, and mouth after coming into contact with it. […] Immature immune system: Babies have weaker immune systems compared to adults. […] Exposure to other children: Being around children who may not practice good hygiene, like hand washing or covering coughs and sneezes, raises the risk of a baby catching a cold. […] Hand-to-mouth contact: Babies often touch their eyes, nose, and mouth. […] Seasonal factors: Respiratory illnesses, including colds, are more prevalent in fall and winter when babies spend more time indoors and are exposed to more germs.

• #11 Colds in Babies & Children | CALPOL® UK

  https://www.calpol.co.uk/cough-cold-congestion-information/cold-flu

  A cold is a mild viral infection of the nose, throat, sinuses and upper airways (respiratory tract). It inflames the nasal membrane and triggers the production of mucus, causing a runny nose and sneezing. […] More than 200 types of virus can cause the common cold so your child can have one cold right after getting over another, because each one is caused by a different virus. […] Because a cold is caused by a viral infection, antibiotics (which are only effective against bacteria) dont do any good. […] The common cold virus is spread by: Breathing in droplets of fluid containing the virus, such as when someone sick sneezes or coughs without covering their mouth. […] A child typically has eight to ten colds a year, while an adult has only two to four. So, in comparison to you, it may seem like your child is sick all the time. […] Its normal for children and adults to get colds more often during the colder months. This is because it is an ideal environment for a cold virus to take hold.

• #12 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32288450/

  The common cold is an acute illness of the upper respiratory tract caused by a virus acquired from another person. […] Cold symptoms are due to the host’s response to the virus rather than to destruction of the nasal mucosa. […] Viral infection of a very limited portion of the nasal epithelium results in an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, cytokine release, and a vascular leak.

• #13 Approach to Common Cold in Children – The Journal of Pediatric Research

  https://jpedres.org/articles/approach-to-common-cold-in-children/doi/jpr.02486%20

  The common cold is an acute, self-limited viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. The most common viral pathogens are rhinoviruses, influenza virus A and B, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). […] Viral transmission may occur via inhalation of small particle aerosols, deposition of large particle droplets on nasal or conjunctival mucosa, or direct transfer via hand-to-hand contact. Symptoms may occur two days after transmission. […] Over 90% of the known rhinovirus (RV) serotypes of the (human rhinovirus) HRV-A and B families utilize ICAM-1 as their cell entry receptor, while the ruinor group receptor, low density lipoprotein (LDL), is used by 10 serotypes, causing neutrophilic inflammatory response associated with increased vascular permeability and stimulation of mucus secretion.

• #14 Common cold – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold

  The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. […] The symptoms of the common cold are believed to be primarily related to the immune response to the virus. […] The mechanism of this immune response is virus-specific. For example, the rhinovirus is typically acquired by direct contact; it binds to humans via ICAM-1 receptors and the CDHR3 receptor through unknown mechanisms to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators. […] These inflammatory mediators then produce the symptoms. […] It does not generally cause damage to the nasal epithelium. […] The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), on the other hand, is contracted by direct contact and airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before spreading to the lower respiratory tract. […] RSV does cause epithelium damage. […] Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and bronchi. […] In young children, when it affects the trachea, it may produce the symptoms of croup, due to the small size of their airways.

• #15 Rhinovirus (RV) Infection (Common Cold): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/227820-overview

  Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most common cause of the common cold. They chiefly cause upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) but may infect the lower respiratory tract. Potential complications of infection include otitis media, sinusitis, chronic bronchitis, and exacerbations of reactive airway disease (eg, asthma). Rhinovirus infections are chiefly limited to the upper respiratory tract but may cause otitis media and sinusitis; they also may exacerbate asthma, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants, elderly persons, and immunocompromised persons. The attachment of the virus to its receptors (ICAM-1, CHDR-3, low-density lipoprotein receptor [LDLR]) in susceptible individuals elicits an innate immune response leading to airway inflammation and remodeling. Few cells are actually infected by rhinovirus, and the infection involves only a small portion of the epithelium. Symptoms develop 1-2 days after viral infection, peaking 2-4 days after inoculation, though reports have described symptoms as early as 2 hours after inoculation with primary symptoms 8-16 hours later. A local inflammatory response to rhinovirus in the respiratory tract can lead to nasal discharge, nasal congestion, sneezing, and throat irritation. The nasal epithelium is not damaged. Various polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been shown to impact the severity of infection, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Detectable histopathology causing the associated nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and sneezing is lacking, which leads to the hypothesis that the host immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis. Infected cells release interleukin (IL)8, which is a potent chemoattractant for polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. Concentrations of IL-8 in secretions correlate proportionally with the severity of common cold symptoms. Inflammatory mediators, such as kinins and prostaglandins, may cause vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, and exocrine gland secretion. These, together with local parasympathetic nerve-ending stimulation, lead to cold symptoms. Deficient production of interferon beta by asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells has been proposed as a mechanism for increased susceptibility to rhinovirus infections in individuals with asthma. Viral clearance is associated with the host response and is due in part to the local production of nitric oxide. Rhinovirus is shed in large amounts, with as many as 1 million infectious virions present per milliliter of nasal washings. Viral shedding can occur a few days before cold symptoms are recognized by the patient, peaks on days 2-7 of the illness, and may last as long as 3-4 weeks. Serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies are found 7-21 days after infection in 80% of patients. Although these antibodies persist for years, providing long-lasting immunity, recovery from illness is more likely related to cell-mediated immunity. Persistent protection from repeat infection by that serotype appears to be partially attributable to immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in nasal secretions, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), and, possibly, serum immunoglobulin M (IgM).

• #16 Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the common cold – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9207716/

  Objective: Reading this article will reinforce the reader’s knowledge of the pathogenesis of the common cold. The rationale for current and potential therapies for the common cold are reviewed in the context of current concepts of the pathogenesis of these illnesses. […] Recent studies suggest that the host response to the virus is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of the common cold. Inflammatory mediators, especially the pro-inflammatory cytokines, appear to be an important component of this response and present an attractive target for new interventions for common cold therapies.

• #17 Common cold – Knowledge @ AMBOSS

  https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/common-cold/

  Infection of the nasal epithelium triggers the inflammatory response, which leads to: […] Nasal blood flow and vascular permeability rhinorrhea, congestion, and postnasal drip […] Concentration of leukocytes and their enzymes in the nasal mucosa yellowgreen nasal discharge […] Irritation of the upper airways sneezing and coughing.

• #18 Common cold in babies | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/common-cold-in-babies

  A common cold in a baby is a viral infection in the nose and throat. A cold virus enters babies’ bodies through the mouth, eyes or nose. […] Once infected by a virus, a baby’s body usually can fight off that same virus in the future. That’s called immunity. But because so many viruses cause colds, babies may have several colds a year and many throughout their lives. Also, some viruses don’t give lasting immunity. […] The common cold is an infection of the nose and throat, called an upper respiratory tract infection. More than 200 viruses can cause the common cold. Rhinoviruses are the most common.

• #19 Approach to Common Cold in Children – The Journal of Pediatric Research

  https://jpedres.org/articles/approach-to-common-cold-in-children/doi/jpr.02486%20

  In the absence of pre-existing humoral immunity RV infection will cause an induction in innate immune response with the appearance of type 1 interferon. […] By an unknown mechanism, viral infection increases vascular permeability in the nasal submucosa and contributes to the symptoms of the common cold. […] The reason for recurrent infections by these viruses is that these viruses have many different serotypes. Similarly, influenza virus can change surface antigen structure and may cause recurrent infections as if it has many serotypes.

• #20 Common Cold in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=common-cold-in-children-90-P02966

  Colds happen when a virus irritates (inflames) the lining of the nose and throat. Colds can be caused by more than 200 different viruses. But most colds are caused by rhinoviruses. […] To catch a cold, your child must come in contact with someone who is infected with one of the cold viruses. The cold virus can be spread: […] A child’s immune system is not as strong as an adult’s when it comes to fighting cold germs. […] Most respiratory illnesses happen in fall and winter, when children are indoors and around more germs. The humidity also drops during this season. This makes the passages in the nose drier and at greater risk for infection. […] Cold symptoms start from 1 to 3 days after your child has been in contact with the cold virus. Symptoms often last about 1 week. But they may last up to 2 weeks. Symptoms may be a bit different for each child.

• #21 A Parent’s Guide To Identifying And Treating Your Baby’s Cold – Mustela USA

  https://www.mustelausa.com/blogs/mustela-mag/a-parent-s-guide-to-identifying-and-treating-your-baby-s-cold

  First and foremost, babies are more susceptible to colds because they have an immature immune system. Just like the rest of a babys body, their tonsils, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and white blood cells are still developing and not yet fully functioning. […] Your babys underdeveloped immune system leaves your little one vulnerable to a viral infection (the common cold). […] Another reason babies are more susceptible to colds is that they have not yet been exposed to the various cold-causing viruses. […] The virus can also move to your babys lungs and/or sinuses. In the lungs, an infection can trigger wheezing and difficulty breathing. In the sinuses, an infection can produce pressure, inflammation, and achiness. […] Left untreated, the common baby cold can even develop into pneumonia or bronchiolitis. […] There is no cure for the common baby cold. The best thing you can do is treat the symptoms caused by the cold, which will hopefully make your baby more comfortable and give your little ones immune system time to fight the infection on its own.

• #22 Patient education: The common cold in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print

  […] […] Children under six years average six to eight colds per year (up to one per month, September through April), with symptoms lasting an average of 14 days. This means that a child could be ill with intermittent cold symptoms for nearly half of the days in this time period without cause for concern. […] […] […] COMMON COLD SYMPTOMS […] Typical common cold – The signs and symptoms of a cold usually begin one to two days after exposure. In children, nasal congestion is the most prominent symptom. Children can also have clear, yellow, or green-colored nasal discharge; fever (temperature higher than 100.4°F or 38°C) is common during the first three days of the illness. Other symptoms may include sore throat, cough, irritability, difficulty sleeping, and decreased appetite.

• #23 Newborn cold: Symptoms, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321114

  It is common for newborn babies to have colds and other illnesses within weeks of birth. […] As a newborn begins to build their immune system, they will likely catch a common cold. While symptoms can frighten parents or caregivers, these illnesses are vital. They help the babys developing immune system learn to fight the different viruses that cause the common cold. […] Babies may be more at risk than older people of having a cold turn into pneumonia. This can happen quickly, which is why it is important to consult a pediatrician for a proper diagnosis. […] RSV is a respiratory virus that is common in early childhood and usually infects children by age 2. It usually presents as a common cold, but it can be more serious in newborns and lead to complications. […] The viruses that cause the common cold can spread through the air or contact with someone who has the virus. A person carrying the virus may not show any symptoms.

• #24 Newborn Cold: What to Expect, Treatment, When to See a Doctor

  https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health/colds-in-newborns

  All babies are born with some immunity to illness. Even so, it takes time for their brand new immune systems to fully mature. This makes babies susceptible to viral infections, which cause colds. […] Another name for a common cold is a viral, upper respiratory infection. They arent caused by bacterial infections and dont respond to antibiotics. […] Colds in newborns arent unusual. The viruses which cause them can live in the air and on hard surfaces for short periods of time. That makes it possible for transmission to occur with or without direct contact to someone whos sick. […] Breastfed babies have more immunity than babies exclusively fed formula. This is because breastfeeding supplies antibodies, white blood cells, and enzymes to your baby, which help safeguard them from infection.

• #25 Newborn cold: Symptoms, treatment, and risks

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321114

  When a parent nurses a baby, the baby may retain some passive immunity for longer due to immune compounds in the milk. This does not mean the baby will not get sick, but they may get sick less often and fight off infections more easily than formula-fed babies. […] Colds may turn into serious illnesses, so regular checkups with a pediatrician are vital, especially if a baby has a high fever or shows other symptoms. It is essential to call a pediatrician at the first sign of sickness to rule out more serious conditions in newborn babies.

• #26 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI or Common Cold) | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/upper-respiratory-infection-uri-or-common-cold

  The following are some of the complications that might occur if your child gets a cold: Ear infections, Sinus infections, Pneumonia, Throat infections. […] Contrary to popular belief, cold weather or getting chilled does not cause a cold, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. However, more colds do occur during the cold season (early fall to late winter), which is probably due to a variety of factors, including the following: Schools are in session, increasing the risk for exposure to the virus. People stay indoors more and are in closer proximity to each other. Low humidity causes dry nasal passages, which are more susceptible to cold viruses.

• #27 Common cold treatment – PARI

  https://www.pari.com/int/field-of-application/common-cold/

  The cold affects the immune system. The upper airways are where viral respiratory infections gain their first foothold in the body. A study from 2022 shows that cold air can weaken the immune defences of the mucous membranes in our nose. […] Dry air affects the self-clearing mechanism of our mucous membranes. Our airways have a clever self-defence mechanism mucociliary clearance. This is the first line of defence our airways have against pathogens. Dry (central heating) air dries out our mucous membranes and impairs this self-defence mechanism. […] There are many viruses that can trigger colds. Some of these are rhinoviruses, human coronaviruses, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) and adenoviruses. It is important to note that RSV can be serious and sometimes life-threatening, especially in babies, toddlers and in the elderly.

• #28 The Milky Box Logo

  https://themilkybox.com/blogs/themilkyblog/baby-first-cold?srsltid=AfmBOopM4KOwhrYvQvlKdCzZTFc0ltItcB2tOQCO5rOlvd4RKo_8ExHL

  Additionally, the drop in humidity during these seasons can dry out nasal passages, making them more susceptible to infection. […] Slightly swollen glands may be noticeable in some cases, indicating the bodys immune response to the infection. […] The three-day rule or rule of threes is a common guideline often discussed in parenting circles regarding the typical duration and progression of a babys cold. […] During the initial stage, symptoms such as fever, fussiness, decreased appetite, and runny nose are common, although not all babies will experience fever. […] The fever may indicate the bodys immune response to the virus, while fussiness and decreased appetite can be attributed to general discomfort and congestion. […] As the cold progresses, the fever typically subsides, and symptoms such as thicker mucus, coughing, and disrupted sleep patterns can become more prominent.

• #29 A Baby’s First Cold: Stages, Prevention, Treatment

  https://www.parents.com/baby/health/sick-baby/babys-first-cold-flu-season/

  Infants don’t have the antibodies to fight most colds and gastrointestinal infections. This makes them more likely than older kids and adults to get sick. […] Babies are born with some of their gestational parent’s immunity to illness. This immunity can be enhanced by breastfeeding. But that doesn’t completely protect them against the ever-changing collection of viruses that cause upper respiratory infections like the common cold. […] In fact, research from 2021 has found that in some cases, infants’ immune systems can respond better to new pathogens than adults. […] During the first three days, when your child is contagious, they may seem fussier than usual, have a slightly decreased appetite, and run a fever. […] Usually, a runny nose appears on the second or third day, signaling that your child’s immune system is fighting back.

• #30 The Milky Box Logo

  https://themilkybox.com/blogs/themilkyblog/baby-first-cold?srsltid=AfmBOopM4KOwhrYvQvlKdCzZTFc0ltItcB2tOQCO5rOlvd4RKo_8ExHL

  Thicker mucus is often a sign of the bodys immune response as it works to clear the virus from the respiratory tract. […] In the final stage of the cold, symptoms usually begin to improve as the body begins to recover. […] The typical duration of a babys cold and its associated symptoms varies, but generally, if there are no complications, it can last between 10 and 14 days. […] Fever may persist for 23 days, nasal drainage for 714 days, and cough for 23 weeks. […] Colds are typically not serious, with only about 5 to 10% of children experiencing complications, most commonly ear, sinus, or lung infections caused by bacteria, which require medical treatment. […] Antibiotics are not effective for treating viral infections like colds. However, they may be prescribed if your child develops bacterial complications of a cold, such as sinus, ear, or lung infections.

• #31 Colds (0-12 Months)

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/colds-0-12-months/

  Colds are caused by many respiratory viruses. Healthy children get about 6 colds in the first year. […] Colds are not serious. With a cold, about 5 to 10% of children develop a complication. Most often, this is an ear or sinus infection. These are caused by a bacteria. […] It’s normal for healthy children to get at least 6 colds a year. This is because there are so many viruses that cause colds. With each new cold, your child’s body builds up immunity to that virus. […] The normal cold lasts about 2 weeks. There are no drugs to make it go away sooner. […] But, there are good ways to help many of the symptoms. With most colds, the starting symptom is a runny nose. This is followed in 3 or 4 days by a stuffy nose. The treatment for each symptom is different. […] Cold Medicines. Don’t give any drugstore cold or cough medicines to young children. They are not approved by the FDA under 6 years. Reasons: not safe and can cause serious side effects. Also, they are not helpful. They can’t remove dried mucus from the nose. Nasal saline works best. […] No Antibiotics. Antibiotics are not helpful for colds. Antibiotics may be used if your child gets an ear or sinus infection.

• #32 Patient education: The common cold in children (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-children-beyond-the-basics/print

  […] […] COMMON COLD PREVENTION […] Simple hygiene measures can help to prevent infection with the viruses that cause colds. These measures include: […] […] […] Keep all of the child’s immunizations up to date, including annual influenza (flu) vaccine and COVID-19 vaccine. […] […] […] SUMMARY […] The common cold is a group of symptoms caused by a number of different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Children under six years average six to eight colds per year (up to one per month, September through April), with symptoms lasting an average of 14 days. […] […] […] Colds are most contagious during the first two to four days. People with colds typically carry the cold virus on their hands, where it is capable of infecting another person for at least two hours. Some cold viruses can live on surfaces (such as countertops, door handles, or toys) for as long as one day.

• #33

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/11090/soshiho_tang_for_treating_common_cold_in_children.24.aspx

  Young children have short nasal cavity with soft mucous membrane and increased vascularity. Their sinuses, pharynx, and larynx are not completely developed, so they are vulnerable to diseases. If a child has poor nutritional status, dyspepsia, or diarrhea, he or she can have vitamin D, iron, and zinc deficiency. […] In East Asian medicine, the lung and spleen of children are considered as incomplete, undeveloped organs. The symptoms of a pediatric cough can vary and can be easily affected by environmental factors such as variations in atmospheric temperature. East Asian medicine uses acupuncture, moxa treatment, and herbal medicine formulas to treat pediatric cough. […] Clinical studies had reported beneficial effects of herbal medicine formulas in the treatment of cough in children. Studies that administered Soshiho-tang (SST) for the treatment of pediatric cough had reported remarkable results. SST can avoid the damage of gastrointestinal tract that can occur with commonly used cough medications and enable faster recovery of the body and organs.

• #34 Cold vs. RSV: What Does Your Child Have? | Mercy Health Blog

  https://blog.mercy.com/cold-vs-rsv/

  Infants have very tiny airways that become inflamed and plugged with mucous with RSV, making it difficult to breathe, Donya Weeks, APRN-CNP, a primary care provider with Mercy Health Urbana Hospital Family Medicine and Pediatrics, explains. […] Babies under 6 months of age have immune systems that are not fully developed, increasing their risk of developing severe RSV symptoms. […] Up to 3 percent of infants with RSV will need to be admitted to the hospital, with some even needing ICU care, Donya shares. […] In most cases, doctors don’t usually treat RSV as medication will not treat the virus itself. So, in most cases, treating the infection involves treating the symptoms at home.

• #35 Common cold in babies – Augusta HealthSearchClose SearchSearch IconSearch IconClose Search IconMobile Menu IconMobile Menu Close IconInstagramFacebookTwitterYoutube

  https://www.augustahealth.com/disease/common-cold-in-babies/

  Immature immune systems. Babies are, by nature, at risk of common colds because they haven’t yet been exposed to or developed resistance to most of the viruses that cause them. […] A common cold can lead to other infections, including pneumonia, bronchiolitis and croup. Such infections need to be treated by a doctor.

• #36 Common Cold in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=common-cold-in-children-90-P02966

  In babies, cold symptoms may include: Trouble sleeping, Fussiness, Congestion in the nose, Sometimes vomiting and diarrhea, Fever. […] There is no cure for the common cold. Most children recover from colds on their own. Antibiotics don’t work against viral infections, so they are not prescribed. Instead, treatment is focused on helping ease your child’s symptoms until the illness passes. […] Some of the complications that might occur if your child gets a cold include: Ear infections, Sinus infections, Pneumonia, Throat infections. […] Colds can be prevented by washing hands often.

• #37 The Common Cold in Babies: What to Know

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/common-cold-in-babies-5213257

  Common cold is a respiratory infection that can arise due to infection by over 200 viruses, with the rhinovirus the most common cause. These viruses transmit via droplets in the air and can survive on surfaces. […] The common cold is a respiratory infection that can arise due to infection by over 200 viruses, with the rhinovirus the most common cause. Viruses are expelled in droplets when a sick person exhales or coughs, and they can survive on surfaces. Transmission occurs when they access a baby’s mucus membranes (the soft tissue of the inside of the nose, in the mouth, or in the eyes). […] By nature, infants are at higher risk of contracting common cold than adults because their immune systems aren’t fully formed. Several other factors can increase the chances of babies catching it: Other infections, autoimmune disorders, or compromised immunity; Being in daycare or in regular close contact with others; The colder months between December and March see high rates of colds because of increased time spent indoors. […] Several conditions can result if common cold cases progress and worsen. These complications include: Ear infection, Sinus infection, Pneumonia, Throat infection.

• #38 Common cold treatment – PARI

  https://www.pari.com/int/field-of-application/common-cold/

  Initially, the symptoms of an RSV infection are virtually indistinguishable from a common cold (sniffly nose, non-productive cough and possibly also a sore throat). Within 13 days the infection can then move to the lungs. Usually, the cough is then more pronounced and productive, breathing rate accelerates and the patient can become short of breath. Children will often run a fever, even with a mild course of the disease. In infants and toddlers up to the age of two, there is the risk of bronchiolitis or pneumonia. […] A cold can, in some cases, trigger acute bronchitis, which announces its presence with a persistent cough with generally thick mucus. If the cold does not migrate to the lungs but rather to the sinuses, this may lead to sinusitis. More rarely, a bacterial superinfection that has to be treated with antibiotics can also follow in the wake of a cold. Signs of a superinfection may be secretions from the nose that have greenish-yellow colour, or greenish phlegm when you cough. If you suspect you have a superinfection, please see your doctor.

• #39 What’s the Difference Between the Flu, Common Cold and RSV? | Phelps Health

  https://phelpshealth.org/news/latest-news/whats-difference-between-flu-common-cold-and-rsv

  Most cases of RSV infections are mild. However, in infants, RSV can cause pneumonia (inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs) or bronchiolitis (inflammation of the bronchioles, or small airways, in the lungs). […] Initial signs of RSV are similar to mild cold symptoms, including congestion, runny nose, fever, cough and sore throat. Young infants with this infection may be irritable, tired and have trouble breathing. […] Premature infants, infants up to 12 months old, and especially children 6 months and younger, are all at high risk of developing RSV. Children younger than 2 years with a weak immune system, chronic lung disease or congenital (present from birth) heart disease also are more at risk of getting this disease. […] RSV is spread from person to person through close contact with someone who is infected. Usually, the virus is spread from coughing and sneezing or touching objects, such as toys or doorknobs. A person can become sick from RSV 2 to 8 days after being exposed to the virus.

• #40 Rhinovirus (Common Cold) | Disease Outbreak Control Division

  https://health.hawaii.gov/docd/disease_listing/rhinovirus/

  The rhinovirus is the most predominant cause of the common cold. […] Infants may develop more severe disease such as croup, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. […] Rhinoviruses may trigger asthma attacks.

• #41 What’s the Difference Between the Flu, Common Cold and RSV? | Phelps Health

  https://phelpshealth.org/news/latest-news/whats-difference-between-flu-common-cold-and-rsv

  Normally, RSV symptoms clear up on their own in a few days. The main treatment for bronchiolitis caused by RSV is supportive care, including making sure your infant is staying hydrated and eating. In some cases, saline nose drops can be used to clear any obstructions in their nose. […] Most infants with RSV can be treated at home. However, if your infant is appearing dehydrated or not feeding properly, and develops respiratory distress or apnea (when breathing temporarily starts and stops, especially during sleep) and requires supplemental oxygen, they may need to be hospitalized. […] To help protect your child from RSV, keep babies under 6 months old away from people with colds, and clean and disinfect hard surfaces. Also, remember to wash your hands and your children’s hands often to reduce the spread of germs.

• #42 When a common cold may trigger early supportive care – Children’s NationalSearchLink to: Facial analysis technology successfully used to identify Noonan syndrome in diverse populationsLink to: William D. Gaillard, M.D., elected Second Vice President of th

  https://innovationdistrict.childrensnational.org/when-a-common-cold-may-trigger-early-supportive-care/

  A new study led by Children’s National Health System shows that in infants who were born severely premature, human rhinovirus infections appear to trigger airway hyper-reactivity, which leads to wheezing, hyperinflation and more severe respiratory disease. […] Human rhinovirus (HRV), the culprit behind most colds, is the leading cause of hospitalization for premature babies. However, in very preterm children, exactly how HRV causes severe respiratory disease – and which patients may need more intensive observation and treatment – is less well understood. […] The study team sought to identify clinical phenotypes of HRV infections in young children hospitalized for such infections. The team theorized that severely premature babies would respond differently to these infections and that their response might resemble symptoms experienced by patients with asthma.

• #43 When a common cold may trigger early supportive care – Children’s NationalSearchLink to: Facial analysis technology successfully used to identify Noonan syndrome in diverse populationsLink to: William D. Gaillard, M.D., elected Second Vice President of th

  https://innovationdistrict.childrensnational.org/when-a-common-cold-may-trigger-early-supportive-care/

  Dr. Perez and his team developed a special respiratory distress scoring system based on physical findings in the children’s electronic medical records to assess the degree of lower-airway obstruction or AHR (as occurs in asthma) and of parenchymal lung disease. […] The severely premature children had worse overall scores – and significantly worse scores for AHR and hyperinflated lungs relative to children born late preterm or full-term. […] On the other hand, our study found that severely preterm children had a lower airway obstruction phenotype associated with retractions and wheezing. Moreover there was a ‘dose effect’ of prematurity: Children who were born more premature had a higher risk of wheezing and retractions. […] Among the implications of this study, Dr. Perez sees the potential to use phenotypical (clinical markers, such as retractions and wheezing) and biological biomarkers to better personalize patients’ treatments.

• #44 Common Cold (Page 1) / Science HQ / Math Is Fun Forum

  https://www.mathisfunforum.com/viewtopic.php?id=29997

  The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. Signs and symptoms may appear fewer than two days after exposure to the virus. These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever. People usually recover in seven to ten days, but some symptoms may last up to three weeks. Occasionally, those with other health problems may develop pneumonia. […] The symptoms of the common cold are believed to be primarily related to the immune response to the virus. The mechanism of this immune response is virus-specific. For example, the rhinovirus is typically acquired by direct contact; it binds to humans via ICAM-1 receptors and the CDHR3 receptor through unknown mechanisms to trigger the release of inflammatory mediators. These inflammatory mediators then produce the symptoms. It does not generally cause damage to the nasal epithelium. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), on the other hand, is contracted by direct contact and airborne droplets. It then replicates in the nose and throat before frequently spreading to the lower respiratory tract. RSV does cause epithelium damage. Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and bronchi. In young children, when it affects the trachea, it may produce the symptoms of croup, due to the small size of their airways.

• #45 Do newborns get sick easily? | Summer Health

  https://www.summerhealth.com/blog/do-newborns-get-sick-easily

  Newborns and young infants can get sick quite easily. The common cold and ear infections are two of the most common infections they get. […] Because of their underdeveloped immune systems, newborns and young infants can get sick quite easily. The common cold and ear infections are two of the most common infections they get. […] The common cold is quite common, even in newborns and children. […] Cold symptoms can last around 10 days, but some, like congestion, can stick around even longer. […] Ear infections are the most common complication of a cold. This means that infants who are sick with a cold are at risk for developing an ear infection along with or after the cold. […] Cold medicines are unsafe for infants and young children, so you’ll want to avoid them.

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