Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #2 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #3 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] Several factors are thought to be involved in the development of enterocele, such as age, multiple pregnancies, previous pelvic surgery, excessive pelvic floor descent, weakened pelvic floor, long term chronic straining. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Hysterectomy or urethropexy increase the rectovaginal space and reduce support from adjacent organs. This is thought to promote the development of an enterocele. […] Different pelvic floor defects may co-exist with enterocele. About 40% of patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception) also have enterocele. In some cases, an enterocele may prolapse externally along with an external rectal prolapse. It is not clear in such situations if the enterocele caused or aggravated the rectal prolapse, or if the pouch of Douglas is merely pulled down by the rectal prolapse. It is thought that enterocele may initiate or aggravate an internal rectal prolapse. The hernia may descend into and impinge upon the rectal wall.

• #4 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16966-enterocele

  An enterocele occurs when muscles, connective tissues and ligaments in the pelvic region (pelvic floor) stretch or tear. […] Your risk of developing an enterocele increases during and after menopause when estrogen levels drop. Estrogen helps keep pelvic muscles strong. […] Other conditions that weaken pelvic floor muscles and cause enteroceles include: Pregnancy and childbirth. […] An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, may occur along with other pelvic organ prolapses. […] Postmenopausal women and those who have given birth are most at risk of developing an enterocele or small bowel prolapse.

• #5 Enterocele – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/entorecele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of prolapse or internal hernia. It is a bulge that develops between the vagina in front and the rectum behind. The small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum causing pressure on each. […] Enteroceles or sigmoidoceles usually occur as a result of damage to the tissues between the rectum and vagina during childbirth. The tearing leads to a weakness in the tissues and with time a bulge develops. Enterocele or sigmoidocele may also develop in women who have to strain excessively to open their bowels. […] Enterocele or sigmoidocele are also more common in women who have had a hysterectomy. This may be due to weakness at the top of the vagina caused by the hysterectomy itself. […] Enteroceles and sigmoidoceles may be associated with other pelvic floor weaknesses that include internal prolapse (intussusception), rectoceles and anal incontinent symptoms.

• #6 Causes | Lahey Hospital & Medical Center

  https://www.lahey.org/services/urology-institute/continence-center/causes

  Small bowel prolapse, known as an enterocele, occurs when the small intestine descends into the lower pelvic cavity, creating a bulge at the top part of the vagina. […] In women who have had surgery to remove the uterus (hysterectomy), small bowel prolapse is also called apical prolapse.

• #7 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #8 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20377641/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word prolapse means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #9 Enterocele – Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair – Midwest Center for Pelvic Health

  https://www.midwestpelvis.com/enterocele-repair/

  Enterocele is a specific type of pelvic organ prolapse that occurs when the small intestine pushes on the vaginal walls causing a bulge or protrusion. […] When the connective tissues of the vagina become weak or injured, enterocele and other types of pelvic organ prolapse may occur. This weakness and injury can happen suddenly as with pelvic surgery (hysterectomy) or vaginal delivery or more slowly as with connective tissue disorders, smoking, chronic cough, and pregnancy. […] Enterocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse in which the small intestine pushes on or against the vaginal wall and causes a bulge or protrusion of the vagina.

• #10 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20377641/

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders.

• #11

  https://homeopathyaajtak.com/diseases/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele-534

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders.

• #12 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #13 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/?section=Prevention

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of your pelvic floor support structures, increasing your risk of prolapse. The more pregnancies you have, the greater your risk of developing any type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Age. Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. As you get older, you tend to lose muscle mass and muscle strength — in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. […] Pelvic surgery. Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse.

• #14 Uterine Prolapse: Background, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/797295-overview

  Pelvic floor defects are created as a result of childbirth and are caused by the stretching and tearing of the endopelvic fascia and the levator muscles and perineal body. Partial pudendal and perineal neuropathies are also associated with labor. […] Impaired nerve transmission to the muscles of the pelvic floor may predispose them to decreased tone, leading to further sagging and stretching. Therefore, multiparous women are at particular risk for UP. Genital atrophy and hypoestrogenism also play important contributory roles in the pathogenesis of prolapse. However, the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. Prolapse may also result from pelvic tumors, sacral nerve disorders, and diabetic neuropathy. […] Other medical conditions that may result in prolapse are those associated with increases in intra-abdominal pressure (eg, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, smoking, constipation). Certain rare abnormalities in connective tissue (collagen), such as Marfan disease, have also been linked to genitourinary prolapse.

• #15 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Pressure on the pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs like during childbirth, aging and other processes, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. […] Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. […] Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk.

• #16 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16966-enterocele

  An enterocele occurs when muscles, connective tissues and ligaments in the pelvic region (pelvic floor) stretch or tear. […] Your risk of developing an enterocele increases during and after menopause when estrogen levels drop. Estrogen helps keep pelvic muscles strong. […] Other conditions that weaken pelvic floor muscles and cause enteroceles include: Pregnancy and childbirth. […] An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, may occur along with other pelvic organ prolapses. […] Postmenopausal women and those who have given birth are most at risk of developing an enterocele or small bowel prolapse.

• #17 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/?section=Prevention

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of your pelvic floor support structures, increasing your risk of prolapse. The more pregnancies you have, the greater your risk of developing any type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Age. Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. As you get older, you tend to lose muscle mass and muscle strength — in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. […] Pelvic surgery. Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse.

• #18 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Your risk of experiencing small bowel prolapse is affected by the following factors: […] With advancing age, small bowel prolapses and other pelvic organ prolapse become more frequent. You typically lose muscle mass and strength as you age, including in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. […] Smokers regularly cough, which raises abdominal pressure, which increases the risk of prolapse. […] Your risk of prolapse rises as a result of the weakened pelvic floor support structures caused by one or more vaginal deliveries. […] Being overweight puts more pressure on your internal organs, which raises the possibility of small bowel prolapse. Continuous (chronic) coughing as well as straining while going to the bathroom, are additional variables that increase blood pressure. […] Due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic region, you may be genetically predisposed to prolapse, making you more likely to experience small bowel prolapse and other pelvic organ prolapses.

• #19 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16966-enterocele

  An enterocele occurs when muscles, connective tissues and ligaments in the pelvic region (pelvic floor) stretch or tear. […] Your risk of developing an enterocele increases during and after menopause when estrogen levels drop. Estrogen helps keep pelvic muscles strong. […] Other conditions that weaken pelvic floor muscles and cause enteroceles include: Pregnancy and childbirth. […] An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, may occur along with other pelvic organ prolapses. […] Postmenopausal women and those who have given birth are most at risk of developing an enterocele or small bowel prolapse.

• #20 Pelvic Organ Prolapse – The Center for Specialized Women’s Health – Denville, NJ

  https://specializedwomenshealth.com/services/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  With age and childbirth, the muscles and ligaments which support the pelvic organs (bladder, rectum, uterus, small intestine) can weaken, resulting in pelvic organ prolapse. […] A prolapse may result from muscle straining while giving birth. Other kinds of straining-such as heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movements-may also cause the bladder to fall. The hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong. When women go through menopause-that is, when they stop having menstrual periods-their bodies stop making estrogen, so the muscles around the vagina and bladder may grow weak. […] A cystocele may result from muscle straining while giving birth. Other kinds of straining-such as heavy lifting or repeated straining during bowel movements-may also cause the bladder to fall. The hormone estrogen helps keep the muscles around the vagina strong. When women go through menopause-that is, when they stop having menstrual periods-their bodies stop making estrogen, so the muscles around the vagina and bladder may grow weak. […] Muscles and ligaments hold the uterus and other pelvic structures in the normal anatomic position. With age, and after vaginal delivery, these ligaments and muscles can become weak, causing the uterus to “drop.”

• #21 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #22 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20377641/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word prolapse means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #23 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #24 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i6/2045.htm

  In the present case, the patient had a long history of constipation with vaginal enterocele occurring during defecation and a large, hard fecal mass was palpable in the sigmoid colon on intraoperative exploratory laparotomy. We believe that constipation is a high-risk factor for acute vaginal enterocele. Therefore, it is important to correct constipation problems, and we recommend routine bowel preparation before surgery and propose individualized postoperative bowel movement management protocols for patients with a history of constipation.

• #25 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20377641/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word prolapse means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #26 Enterocele | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/enterocele

  When the wall between the rectum and the vagina is weakened, the small bowel can descend into this weakened area. This results in a small bowel prolapse, or enterocele. […] In addition to genetics, causal factors for enterocele include: Hysterectomy, Multiple childbirths, specifically in older or obese women, Menopause, Extreme physical activity, Heavy lifting, Obesity, Chronic constipation, Chronic cough (including smokers cough).

• #27 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #28 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Lifting heavy objects may also create pressure on your pelvic region. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Bronchitis or cough.

• #29 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/?section=Prevention

  Increased abdominal pressure. Being overweight increases pressure inside your abdomen, which increases your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Other factors that increase pressure include ongoing (chronic) cough and straining during bowel movements. […] Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #30 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #31 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/?section=Prevention

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of your pelvic floor support structures, increasing your risk of prolapse. The more pregnancies you have, the greater your risk of developing any type of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Age. Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. As you get older, you tend to lose muscle mass and muscle strength — in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. […] Pelvic surgery. Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse.

• #32 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Pressure on the pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs like during childbirth, aging and other processes, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. […] Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. […] Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk.

• #33 Enterocele (Peritoneal herniation)- Pelvic organ prolapse – Stage 4

  https://theflowerempowered.com/knowledge-portal/pelvic-organ-prolapse/enterocele/

  An enterocele is a less common form of pelvic organ prolapse where the small intestine herniates down into the vaginal passage. […] Hysterectomy destabilises the supportive ligaments of the uterus which can contribute to formation of an enterocele. […] Due to enterocele normally being caused by an earlier surgery to remove the uterus, a subsequent surgery is often required to repair the enterocele.

• #34 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] Several factors are thought to be involved in the development of enterocele, such as age, multiple pregnancies, previous pelvic surgery, excessive pelvic floor descent, weakened pelvic floor, long term chronic straining. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Hysterectomy or urethropexy increase the rectovaginal space and reduce support from adjacent organs. This is thought to promote the development of an enterocele. […] Different pelvic floor defects may co-exist with enterocele. About 40% of patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception) also have enterocele. In some cases, an enterocele may prolapse externally along with an external rectal prolapse. It is not clear in such situations if the enterocele caused or aggravated the rectal prolapse, or if the pouch of Douglas is merely pulled down by the rectal prolapse. It is thought that enterocele may initiate or aggravate an internal rectal prolapse. The hernia may descend into and impinge upon the rectal wall.

• #35 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  A natural increase in intraabdominal pressure during the sensation to defecate exacerbates the enterocele intrusion through the Pouch of Douglas. […] Defects in the pubocervical, endopelvic, and rectovaginal fasciae are the root cause of organ prolapse. […] The distinct apical enterocele will occur when the endopelvic fascia overlying the vaginal cuff is disrupted and/or thinned, typically during hysterectomy. […] This leads to further attenuation of Denonvilliers fascia, widening of the Pouch of Douglas, and deepening of the enterocele as symptoms continue to worsen. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent.

• #36 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #37

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  Pelvic organ prolapse happens when the group of muscles and tissues that normally support the pelvic organs, called the pelvic floor, becomes weakened and cannot hold the organs in place firmly. […] A number of things can weaken your pelvic floor and increase your chance of developing pelvic organ prolapse. […] These include: pregnancy and childbirth especially if you had a long, difficult birth, or if you gave birth to a large baby or multiple babies, getting older and going through the menopause, being overweight, having long-term constipation or a long-term health condition that causes you to cough and strain, having a hysterectomy, a job that requires a lot of heavy lifting. […] Some health conditions can also make a prolapse more likely, including: joint hypermobility syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.

• #38 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Your risk of experiencing small bowel prolapse is affected by the following factors: […] With advancing age, small bowel prolapses and other pelvic organ prolapse become more frequent. You typically lose muscle mass and strength as you age, including in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. […] Smokers regularly cough, which raises abdominal pressure, which increases the risk of prolapse. […] Your risk of prolapse rises as a result of the weakened pelvic floor support structures caused by one or more vaginal deliveries. […] Being overweight puts more pressure on your internal organs, which raises the possibility of small bowel prolapse. Continuous (chronic) coughing as well as straining while going to the bathroom, are additional variables that increase blood pressure. […] Due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic region, you may be genetically predisposed to prolapse, making you more likely to experience small bowel prolapse and other pelvic organ prolapses.

• #39 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | UM Health-Sparrow

  https://www.uofmhealthsparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #40 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and Childbirth, Age, Pelvic Surgery, Increased Abdominal Pressure, Smoking, Race, Family History, Connective Tissue Disorders.

• #41 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/?section=Prevention

  Increased abdominal pressure. Being overweight increases pressure inside your abdomen, which increases your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Other factors that increase pressure include ongoing (chronic) cough and straining during bowel movements. […] Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #42 Enterocele | Loma Linda University Health

  https://lluh.org/conditions/enterocele

  When the wall between the rectum and the vagina is weakened, the small bowel can descend into this weakened area. This results in a small bowel prolapse, or enterocele. […] In addition to genetics, causal factors for enterocele include: Hysterectomy, Multiple childbirths, specifically in older or obese women, Menopause, Extreme physical activity, Heavy lifting, Obesity, Chronic constipation, Chronic cough (including smokers cough).

• #43

  https://homeopathyaajtak.com/diseases/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele-534

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders.

• #44 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/pelvic-floor-disorders/pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Enterocele (bulging of small bowels) This occurs when a space between the vagina and rectum opens and the small bowel bulges through. […] The causes of prolapse include: […] Childbirth […] Menopause […] Obesity […] Chronic cough […] Prior pelvic floor surgery […] Neurologic diseases, such as Parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury […] Ethnicity (prolapse is found more often in Caucasian and Hispanic women)

• #45 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | UVA Health

  https://uvahealth.com/services/pelvic-floor-disorders/pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Enterocele (bulging of small bowels) This occurs when a space between the vagina and rectum opens and the small bowel bulges through. […] The causes of prolapse include: […] Childbirth […] Menopause […] Obesity […] Chronic cough […] Prior pelvic floor surgery […] Neurologic diseases, such as Parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis or a spinal cord injury […] Ethnicity (prolapse is found more often in Caucasian and Hispanic women)

• #46 Uterine Prolapse: Background, History of the Procedure, Problem

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/797295-overview

  Pelvic floor defects are created as a result of childbirth and are caused by the stretching and tearing of the endopelvic fascia and the levator muscles and perineal body. Partial pudendal and perineal neuropathies are also associated with labor. […] Impaired nerve transmission to the muscles of the pelvic floor may predispose them to decreased tone, leading to further sagging and stretching. Therefore, multiparous women are at particular risk for UP. Genital atrophy and hypoestrogenism also play important contributory roles in the pathogenesis of prolapse. However, the exact mechanisms are not completely understood. Prolapse may also result from pelvic tumors, sacral nerve disorders, and diabetic neuropathy. […] Other medical conditions that may result in prolapse are those associated with increases in intra-abdominal pressure (eg, obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, smoking, constipation). Certain rare abnormalities in connective tissue (collagen), such as Marfan disease, have also been linked to genitourinary prolapse.

• #47 Pelvic Organ Prolapse Disorder

  https://www.gabrielsonclinic4women.com/services/gynecology/urogynecology/pelvic-organ-prolapse

  Small Bowel Prolapse: Enterocele occurs when the small intestine drops down between the back of the vagina and the rectum. This may occur at the same time as prolapse of the uterus or rectum. […] Increased pressure on the abdomen, pregnancy and delivery, as well as constipation, obesity, pelvic organ cancers, and hysterectomy can be causes of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #48 Pelvic organ prolapse | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/pelvic-organ-prolapse/

  posterior wall prolapse (rectocoele or enterocoele) when the bowel bulges forward into the back wall of the vagina […] There isnt usually one cause, but the risk of developing pelvic organ prolapse is increased by: […] childbirth particularly if you had a long or difficult labour, or have given birth to a large baby or multiple babies […] menopause related to lower levels of oestrogen or weaker tissue […] having large fibroids or pelvic cysts which create a lot of pressure in the pelvis […] previous surgery on the pelvis such as a hysterectomy […] straining too much when going to the toilet for a poo because of long term constipation.

• #49 Small Bowel Prolapse – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, occurs when the tissues and muscles that hold the small intestine (small bowel) become stretched or weakened. This is turn causes the small bowel to press against and move the upper wall of the vagina, creating a bulge. Small bowel prolapse can develop if there is an increased amount of pressure on the pelvic muscles, such as from childbirth, aging or other processes. […] The main cause for a small bowel prolapse is increased pressure on the pelvic floor from conditions such as pregnancy and childbirth. The muscles that hold together and support the vagina begin to stretch and weaken during pregnancy/labor and this in turn causes pelvic organ prolapse. Other activities that are also causes for small bowel prolapse include: […] Several factors that can increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Being pregnant, Giving birth, Increasing in age, Undergoing surgical procedures (pelvic surgery), Increased pressure on the stomach, Being a smoker, Being of Hispanic or Caucasian race, Family history of small bowel prolapse or other similar conditions, Connective tissue disorders.

• #50

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zm5067

  A small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when the tissues and muscles that hold the small bowel in place get weak or damaged. This can cause the small bowel to move from its normal position and press against the wall of the vagina.

• #51 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  A natural increase in intraabdominal pressure during the sensation to defecate exacerbates the enterocele intrusion through the Pouch of Douglas. […] Defects in the pubocervical, endopelvic, and rectovaginal fasciae are the root cause of organ prolapse. […] The distinct apical enterocele will occur when the endopelvic fascia overlying the vaginal cuff is disrupted and/or thinned, typically during hysterectomy. […] This leads to further attenuation of Denonvilliers fascia, widening of the Pouch of Douglas, and deepening of the enterocele as symptoms continue to worsen. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent.

• #52 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  A natural increase in intraabdominal pressure during the sensation to defecate exacerbates the enterocele intrusion through the Pouch of Douglas. […] Defects in the pubocervical, endopelvic, and rectovaginal fasciae are the root cause of organ prolapse. […] The distinct apical enterocele will occur when the endopelvic fascia overlying the vaginal cuff is disrupted and/or thinned, typically during hysterectomy. […] This leads to further attenuation of Denonvilliers fascia, widening of the Pouch of Douglas, and deepening of the enterocele as symptoms continue to worsen. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent.

• #53 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  A natural increase in intraabdominal pressure during the sensation to defecate exacerbates the enterocele intrusion through the Pouch of Douglas. […] Defects in the pubocervical, endopelvic, and rectovaginal fasciae are the root cause of organ prolapse. […] The distinct apical enterocele will occur when the endopelvic fascia overlying the vaginal cuff is disrupted and/or thinned, typically during hysterectomy. […] This leads to further attenuation of Denonvilliers fascia, widening of the Pouch of Douglas, and deepening of the enterocele as symptoms continue to worsen. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent.

• #54 Enterocele – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/entorecele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of prolapse or internal hernia. It is a bulge that develops between the vagina in front and the rectum behind. The small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum causing pressure on each. […] Enteroceles or sigmoidoceles usually occur as a result of damage to the tissues between the rectum and vagina during childbirth. The tearing leads to a weakness in the tissues and with time a bulge develops. Enterocele or sigmoidocele may also develop in women who have to strain excessively to open their bowels. […] Enterocele or sigmoidocele are also more common in women who have had a hysterectomy. This may be due to weakness at the top of the vagina caused by the hysterectomy itself. […] Enteroceles and sigmoidoceles may be associated with other pelvic floor weaknesses that include internal prolapse (intussusception), rectoceles and anal incontinent symptoms.

• #55 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] Several factors are thought to be involved in the development of enterocele, such as age, multiple pregnancies, previous pelvic surgery, excessive pelvic floor descent, weakened pelvic floor, long term chronic straining. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Hysterectomy or urethropexy increase the rectovaginal space and reduce support from adjacent organs. This is thought to promote the development of an enterocele. […] Different pelvic floor defects may co-exist with enterocele. About 40% of patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception) also have enterocele. In some cases, an enterocele may prolapse externally along with an external rectal prolapse. It is not clear in such situations if the enterocele caused or aggravated the rectal prolapse, or if the pouch of Douglas is merely pulled down by the rectal prolapse. It is thought that enterocele may initiate or aggravate an internal rectal prolapse. The hernia may descend into and impinge upon the rectal wall.

• #56 Enterocele – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/entorecele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of prolapse or internal hernia. It is a bulge that develops between the vagina in front and the rectum behind. The small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum causing pressure on each. […] Enteroceles or sigmoidoceles usually occur as a result of damage to the tissues between the rectum and vagina during childbirth. The tearing leads to a weakness in the tissues and with time a bulge develops. Enterocele or sigmoidocele may also develop in women who have to strain excessively to open their bowels. […] Enterocele or sigmoidocele are also more common in women who have had a hysterectomy. This may be due to weakness at the top of the vagina caused by the hysterectomy itself. […] Enteroceles and sigmoidoceles may be associated with other pelvic floor weaknesses that include internal prolapse (intussusception), rectoceles and anal incontinent symptoms.

• #57 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] Several factors are thought to be involved in the development of enterocele, such as age, multiple pregnancies, previous pelvic surgery, excessive pelvic floor descent, weakened pelvic floor, long term chronic straining. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Hysterectomy or urethropexy increase the rectovaginal space and reduce support from adjacent organs. This is thought to promote the development of an enterocele. […] Different pelvic floor defects may co-exist with enterocele. About 40% of patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception) also have enterocele. In some cases, an enterocele may prolapse externally along with an external rectal prolapse. It is not clear in such situations if the enterocele caused or aggravated the rectal prolapse, or if the pouch of Douglas is merely pulled down by the rectal prolapse. It is thought that enterocele may initiate or aggravate an internal rectal prolapse. The hernia may descend into and impinge upon the rectal wall.

• #58 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] Several factors are thought to be involved in the development of enterocele, such as age, multiple pregnancies, previous pelvic surgery, excessive pelvic floor descent, weakened pelvic floor, long term chronic straining. Enteroceles can form after treatment for gynecological cancers. Hysterectomy or urethropexy increase the rectovaginal space and reduce support from adjacent organs. This is thought to promote the development of an enterocele. […] Different pelvic floor defects may co-exist with enterocele. About 40% of patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse (rectal intussusception) also have enterocele. In some cases, an enterocele may prolapse externally along with an external rectal prolapse. It is not clear in such situations if the enterocele caused or aggravated the rectal prolapse, or if the pouch of Douglas is merely pulled down by the rectal prolapse. It is thought that enterocele may initiate or aggravate an internal rectal prolapse. The hernia may descend into and impinge upon the rectal wall.

• #59 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. Women whove experienced birth trauma or had prolonged deliveries or forceps deliveries may have a higher risk of enterocele. Patients with previous pelvic surgery may have a predisposition to an enterocele as well; particularly a hysterectomy. […] An enterocele can develop in the posterior wall (back side by rectum) or anterior wall (front side by uterus), basically wherever the small bowel (intestines) fall through defects in the vaginal wall. […] There are 4 types of enterocele: Pulsion: Caused by continual pressure in abdomen from chronic cough or extreme physical exertion like repetitive heavy lifting. […] Traction: Caused by pregnancy, childbirth and estrogen loss which contribute to weakening and stretching of pelvic tissues. Additionally other prolapsed organs may put pressure on tissues contributing to enterocele. […] Latorgenic: Cause is not fully known but assumed to be related to hysterectomy or some cystocele repair procedures. […] Congenital: Birth defect.

• #60 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. Women whove experienced birth trauma or had prolonged deliveries or forceps deliveries may have a higher risk of enterocele. Patients with previous pelvic surgery may have a predisposition to an enterocele as well; particularly a hysterectomy. […] An enterocele can develop in the posterior wall (back side by rectum) or anterior wall (front side by uterus), basically wherever the small bowel (intestines) fall through defects in the vaginal wall. […] There are 4 types of enterocele: Pulsion: Caused by continual pressure in abdomen from chronic cough or extreme physical exertion like repetitive heavy lifting. […] Traction: Caused by pregnancy, childbirth and estrogen loss which contribute to weakening and stretching of pelvic tissues. Additionally other prolapsed organs may put pressure on tissues contributing to enterocele. […] Latorgenic: Cause is not fully known but assumed to be related to hysterectomy or some cystocele repair procedures. […] Congenital: Birth defect.

• #61 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. Women whove experienced birth trauma or had prolonged deliveries or forceps deliveries may have a higher risk of enterocele. Patients with previous pelvic surgery may have a predisposition to an enterocele as well; particularly a hysterectomy. […] An enterocele can develop in the posterior wall (back side by rectum) or anterior wall (front side by uterus), basically wherever the small bowel (intestines) fall through defects in the vaginal wall. […] There are 4 types of enterocele: Pulsion: Caused by continual pressure in abdomen from chronic cough or extreme physical exertion like repetitive heavy lifting. […] Traction: Caused by pregnancy, childbirth and estrogen loss which contribute to weakening and stretching of pelvic tissues. Additionally other prolapsed organs may put pressure on tissues contributing to enterocele. […] Latorgenic: Cause is not fully known but assumed to be related to hysterectomy or some cystocele repair procedures. […] Congenital: Birth defect.

• #62 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. Women whove experienced birth trauma or had prolonged deliveries or forceps deliveries may have a higher risk of enterocele. Patients with previous pelvic surgery may have a predisposition to an enterocele as well; particularly a hysterectomy. […] An enterocele can develop in the posterior wall (back side by rectum) or anterior wall (front side by uterus), basically wherever the small bowel (intestines) fall through defects in the vaginal wall. […] There are 4 types of enterocele: Pulsion: Caused by continual pressure in abdomen from chronic cough or extreme physical exertion like repetitive heavy lifting. […] Traction: Caused by pregnancy, childbirth and estrogen loss which contribute to weakening and stretching of pelvic tissues. Additionally other prolapsed organs may put pressure on tissues contributing to enterocele. […] Latorgenic: Cause is not fully known but assumed to be related to hysterectomy or some cystocele repair procedures. […] Congenital: Birth defect.

• #63 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. Women whove experienced birth trauma or had prolonged deliveries or forceps deliveries may have a higher risk of enterocele. Patients with previous pelvic surgery may have a predisposition to an enterocele as well; particularly a hysterectomy. […] An enterocele can develop in the posterior wall (back side by rectum) or anterior wall (front side by uterus), basically wherever the small bowel (intestines) fall through defects in the vaginal wall. […] There are 4 types of enterocele: Pulsion: Caused by continual pressure in abdomen from chronic cough or extreme physical exertion like repetitive heavy lifting. […] Traction: Caused by pregnancy, childbirth and estrogen loss which contribute to weakening and stretching of pelvic tissues. Additionally other prolapsed organs may put pressure on tissues contributing to enterocele. […] Latorgenic: Cause is not fully known but assumed to be related to hysterectomy or some cystocele repair procedures. […] Congenital: Birth defect.

• #64 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #65 What Is Enterocele and Massive Vaginal Eversion?

  https://www.icliniq.com/articles/womens-health/enterocele-and-massive-vaginal-eversion

  Weakened pelvic floor muscles can cause enterocele and massive vaginal aversion which leaves serious consequences if not treated properly. […] Enterocele is the protrusion of the small intestine into the vagina in the event of weakened pelvic floor muscles. The factors like childbirth, aging, hormonal changes, or chronic straining contribute to herniation of intestines into the vaginal space. […] The following conditions increase the risk of developing these conditions- Advancing age, Parity, Postmenopausal status, Hysterectomy, Prior corrective surgery for prolapse, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Constipation, Hereditary, Racial. […] Long-term advanced-stage enterocele is more likely to cause problems such as vaginal epithelial bleeding, ulceration, and tenderness. […] A true herniation of the small intestine through the rectovaginal septum is known as an enterocele, and it most frequently affects women who have had hysterectomy procedures and occurs transvaginally. […] The small intestine is typically moved back into position and stitched by surgeons using minimally invasive surgery.

• #66 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  Enterocele is a hernia of the small bowel into the vagina, because the peritoneal sac containing small bowel or omentum extends into the rectovaginal space that separates the vagina from the rectum. They can be classified according to etiology, with traction enteroceles usually found in association with another anterior, middle, or posterior compartment prolapse. […] The incidence of enterocele ranges from 0.1% to 16% in women who have undergone previous gynecological surgery; however, this is not the case in our patient. Small bowel obstruction as a complication of an enterocele is very rare. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of intestinal obstruction is a very rare but potentially serious clinical case. The immediate recognition and management are very important because of the risk of vaginal rupture, intestinal necrosis, and also systemic infection.

• #67 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #68 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Severe constipation or strain in bowel movements also creates pressure on the pelvic floor that may evolve into small bowel prolapse. […] Overweight or obesity is one of the other causes of small bowel prolapse. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #69

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12262-010-0032-5

  In surgical emergency admissions, acute abdomen with intestinal obstruction is very common problem. Many causes of intestinal obstruction are there but most common once are postoperative bands and adhesions, hernias, tumors and congenital bands. Here we report very rare and unusual cause of acute abdomen with intestinal obstruction in a non hysterectomized 78-year-old female having pelvic herniation i.e. anterior and posterior vaginal enterocele, in which loop of intestine got entrapped, strangulated and became gangrenous. […] Exploratory laparotomy was performed and resection anastomosis of small bowel was done with obliteration of pouch of Douglas (Rectouterine space) and utero-vesicle space.

• #70 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation.

• #71 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation.

• #72 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #73 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #74 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #75 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #76 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #77 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Pregnancy and childbirth are the most common causes of pelvic organ prolapse. The muscles, ligaments and fascia that hold and support your vagina stretch and weaken during pregnancy, labor and delivery. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Age, Pelvic surgery, Increased abdominal pressure, Smoking, Race, Connective tissue disorders. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight, Prevent constipation, Treat a chronic cough, Quit smoking, Avoid heavy lifting.

• #78 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i6/2045.htm

  In the present case, the patient had a long history of constipation with vaginal enterocele occurring during defecation and a large, hard fecal mass was palpable in the sigmoid colon on intraoperative exploratory laparotomy. We believe that constipation is a high-risk factor for acute vaginal enterocele. Therefore, it is important to correct constipation problems, and we recommend routine bowel preparation before surgery and propose individualized postoperative bowel movement management protocols for patients with a history of constipation.

• #79 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v10/i6/2045.htm

  After undergoing radical cystectomy combined with hysterectomy, female patients may suffer from pelvic organ prolapse due to the destruction of pelvic structures, which mainly manifests as the prolapse of tissues of varying degrees in the vulva and can be accompanied by symptoms, such as bleeding and inflammation. Once this complication is present, we need surgical intervention to resolve it. So how to prevent and manage this complication is especially important. […] The patient’s physical examination after admission revealed that the small intestine had prolapsed approximately 20 cm, and its color was dark red (Figure 1). The initial diagnosis was vaginal enterocele (Aa6, Ba7, C9, AP-4, BP6 stage IV prolapse) according to the POP-Q system. […] After undergoing radical cystectomy combined with hysterectomy, female patients may suffer from POP due to the destruction of pelvic structures. If the patient presents vaginal bacteria proliferation, damage to pelvic internal tissues due to inflammation resulting in edema can result in acute vaginal enterocele.

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