Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16966-enterocele

  An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. It occurs when the small intestine prolapses, or drops, causing a bulge in the vagina. Pessary devices and Kegels (pelvic floor exercises) can help. […] These steps may help lower your risk of an enterocele or another pelvic floor problem: Eat a high-fiber diet and stay hydrated to prevent constipation. Get help when lifting heavy items. Reach or maintain a healthy weight. Treat chronic coughs. Quit smoking if you smoke. […] Postmenopausal women and those who have given birth are most at risk of developing an enterocele or small bowel prolapse. Many women dont have symptoms and dont need treatment. If the prolapse causes problems, your healthcare provider can discuss treatment options. Most women get symptom relief through nonsurgical treatments. You may learn how to do pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) or use a removable support device called a pessary. Rarely, a woman needs surgery.

• #2 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, losing some weight can decrease the pressure inside your abdomen. Prevent constipation. Eat high-fiber foods, drink plenty of fluids and exercise regularly to help prevent having to strain during bowel movements. Treat a chronic cough. Constant coughing increases abdominal pressure. See your doctor to ask about treatment if you have an ongoing (chronic) cough. Quit smoking. Smoking contributes to chronic coughing. Avoid heavy lifting. Lifting heavy objects increases abdominal pressure.

• #3 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] Childbirth, aging and other processes that put pressure on your pelvic floor may weaken the muscles and ligaments that support pelvic organs, making small bowel prolapse more likely to occur. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. Conditions and activities that can cause or contribute to small bowel prolapse or other types of prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth, Chronic constipation or straining with bowel movements, Chronic cough or bronchitis, Repeated heavy lifting, Being overweight or obese.

• #4 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and Childbirth: Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of your pelvic floor support structures, increasing your risk of prolapse. The more pregnancies you have, the greater your risk of developing any type of pelvic organ prolapse. Women who have only cesarean deliveries are less likely to develop prolapse. Age: Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. As you get older, you tend to lose muscle mass and muscle strength — in your pelvic muscles as well as other muscles. Pelvic Surgery: Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Increased Abdominal Pressure: Being overweight increases pressure inside your abdomen, which increases your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Other factors that increase pressure include ongoing (chronic) cough and straining during bowel movements. Smoking: Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. Also, smokers may have problems with healing of damaged connective tissues, which can contribute to prolapse. Race: For unknown reasons, Hispanic and Caucasian women are at higher risk of developing pelvic organ prolapse. Black women seem to have the lowest risk of all groups of women. Family History: If your mother experienced small bowel prolapse or prolapse of other pelvic organs, your chances of having prolapse are greater than that of a woman with no family history of prolapse. Connective Tissue Disorders: You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #5 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: […] Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, losing some weight can decrease the pressure inside your abdomen. […] Prevent constipation. Eat high-fiber foods, drink plenty of fluids and exercise regularly to help prevent having to strain during bowel movements. […] Treat a chronic cough. Constant coughing increases abdominal pressure. See your doctor to ask about treatment if you have an ongoing (chronic) cough. […] Quit smoking. Smoking contributes to chronic coughing. […] Avoid heavy lifting. Lifting heavy objects increases abdominal pressure.

• #6 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/

  You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: […] Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, losing some weight can decrease the pressure inside your abdomen. […] Prevent constipation. Eat high-fiber foods, drink plenty of fluids and exercise regularly to help prevent having to strain during bowel movements. […] Treat a chronic cough. Constant coughing increases abdominal pressure. See your doctor to ask about treatment if you have an ongoing (chronic) cough. […] Quit smoking. Smoking contributes to chronic coughing. […] Avoid heavy lifting. Lifting heavy objects increases abdominal pressure.

• #7 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies: Maintain a healthy weight. If you’re overweight, losing some weight can decrease the pressure inside your abdomen. Prevent constipation. Eat high-fiber foods, drink plenty of fluids and exercise regularly to help prevent having to strain during bowel movements. Treat a chronic cough. Constant coughing increases abdominal pressure. See your doctor to ask about treatment if you have an ongoing (chronic) cough. Quit smoking. Smoking contributes to chronic coughing. Avoid heavy lifting. Lifting heavy objects increases abdominal pressure.

• #8 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  You can ensure the following preventive measures to reduce the probability of small bowel prolapse: […] Weight control: Overweight can increase the pressure on your pelvic organs. Hence, keeping a check on your weight can reduce the pressure in your abdomen. […] Treat constipation: If you suffer from constipation, consume fiber-rich foods and plenty of healthy fluids like fruit juices. Regular exercise and yoga can also ease constipation. […] Treat cough: Chronic cough creates pressure on your abdomen. Hence, seek medical help to treat chronic cough. […] Avoid smoking: Smoking contributes to coughing. Hence, avoid smoking as much as possible. […] Do not lift heavy weights that create pressure on your abdomen.

• #9 Small bowel prolapse: Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse/

  Prevention is key when it comes to addressing small bowel prolapse. By taking proactive measures, individuals can reduce their risk of developing this condition and improve their overall well-being. One of the most effective ways to prevent small bowel prolapse is by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This includes adopting a balanced diet that is rich in fiber and nutrients, as well as engaging in regular exercise. These habits can help promote proper digestion and prevent constipation, which can contribute to the development of small bowel prolapse. Additionally, avoiding excessive straining during bowel movements is crucial. Straining puts unnecessary pressure on the pelvic floor muscles and can weaken them over time. To prevent this, individuals should aim to have regular bowel movements without straining or forcing. Maintaining a healthy weight is also important in preventing small bowel prolapse. Excess weight puts added pressure on the abdominal area, including the intestines, which can increase the risk of prolapse. By maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise, individuals can reduce this risk. Finally, individuals should be mindful of lifting heavy objects correctly to minimize strain on the abdominal muscles and pelvic floor. Using proper lifting techniques such as bending at the knees and using leg muscles rather than relying solely on back strength can help prevent unnecessary strain on these areas.

• #10 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377666

  Small bowel prolapse typically doesn’t need treatment if the symptoms don’t trouble you. […] Nonsurgical approaches are available if you wish to avoid surgery, if surgery would be too risky or if you want to become pregnant in the future. […] Simple self-care measures, such as performing exercises called Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles, may provide symptom relief. Avoiding heavy lifting and constipation may reduce the likelihood of worsening your prolapse. […] Kegel exercises strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, which, in part, support the uterus, bladder and bowel. A strong pelvic floor provides better support for your pelvic organs, prevents prolapse from worsening and relieves symptoms associated with pelvic organ prolapse. […] Avoid constipation by drinking plenty of fluids and eating high-fiber foods, such as whole grains, and fresh fruits and vegetables. […] Avoid heavy lifting. […] Try to control coughing. […] Lose weight if you’re overweight or obese. […] Avoid bearing down to move your bowels. Rely on your natural colorectal function to empty your lower bowel. […] Quit smoking.

• #11 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Symptoms & Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/enterocele-small-bowel-prolapse

  Preventive measures for Enterocele primarily involve strengthening the pelvic floor muscles. This includes regular pelvic floor exercises or Kegels, which help to improve muscle tone and flexibility. Avoiding heavy lifting, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding constipation or straining during bowel movements can also play a preventative role. In extreme cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, but this is typically reserved for more severe cases. […] Diet and exercise can play an essential role in preventing Small Bowel Prolapse. A high-fiber diet can help prevent constipation, which can contribute to the condition. Regular exercise, particularly exercises that strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, can also help prevent Small Bowel Prolapse. It is important to note that if the condition is severe, surgical intervention may be necessary.

• #12 Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Causes, Complications, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/women/vaginal-prolapse

  Doctors recommend exercising your pelvic floor every day. Here’s how to do it: […] Long hold […] Clench the muscles you’d use to hold your pee or keep from passing gas. […] Quick squeeze […] Squeeze your pelvic muscles and quickly let go. […] For both exercises, you should feel a lift in your pelvis. Breathe as you would normally, and stop when your pelvic muscles tire. […] Takeaways […] Daily Kegel exercises can help strengthen your pelvic floor muscles and prevent your pelvic organs from dropping.

• #13 Pelvic Organ Prolapse | Women | Continence Health Australia (formerly the Continence Foundation of Australia)

  https://www.continence.org.au/who-it-affects/women/prolapse

  What can be done to prevent prolapse? […] Ways to help prevent prolapse […] As prolapse is due to weak pelvic tissues and pelvic floor muscles, all women need to keep their pelvic floor muscles strong – no matter what their age. […] Pelvic floor muscles, just like any other muscles, can be strengthened with the correct exercises. It is important to have your pelvic floor muscle training technique checked by an expert such as a Pelvic Floor Health Physiotherapist or a Nurse Continence Specialist.

• #14 Rectocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Stages & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17415-rectocele

  You can’t prevent a rectocele or pelvic organ prolapse. Still, you can put good practices into place that can strengthen your pelvic floor. Many of the same strategies used to manage mild cases of rectocele can be used to reduce your risk of prolapse. […] Perform Kegel exercises regularly. Kegel’s can strengthen your pelvic floor muscles, which is especially important after childbirth. Ask your healthcare provider about when it’s safe to perform Kegel’s after you’ve had your baby. […] Treat and prevent constipation. Drink plenty of fluids and eat high-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables, beans and whole-grain cereals. Aim for 25 to 35 grams of fiber daily and eight glasses of water. Use stool softeners if you need them. […] Avoid heavy lifting and lift correctly. When lifting, use your legs instead of your waist or back. Get help when lifting heavier objects. […] Manage a cough. Get treatment for a chronic cough or bronchitis and don’t smoke. […] Maintain a healthy weight. Talk with your doctor to determine your ideal weight and get advice on weight-loss strategies if you need them.

• #15 Small Bowel Prolapse – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse/

  A few recommendations for preventing a small bowel prolapse include: […] Maintaining a healthy diet (eating high fiber foods and drinking plenty of fluids) […] Staying at a healthy weight […] Going to the bathroom to relieve oneself when necessary […] Treating an ongoing cough […] Quitting smoking […] Avoiding lifting heavy objects.

• #16 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Symptoms & Treatment | Qwark

  https://qwarkhealth.com/conditions/enterocele-small-bowel-prolapse

  Regular pelvic floor exercises can be highly beneficial in preventing Enterocele. In addition to improving muscle tone and flexibility, these exercises can also improve blood flow to the pelvic area and promote healing. Various exercises can be used to target different muscles in the pelvic floor, such as Kegels or Pilates. […] Avoiding heavy lifting can help reduce the risk of Small Bowel Prolapse. Straining during lifting can place extra pressure on the pelvic floor muscles, resulting in damage and weakening of the muscles. If heavy lifting is necessary, using proper form and technique, taking breaks, and avoiding holding the breath can help reduce the risk of injury. […] Certain lifestyle changes can help prevent Enterocele, including maintaining a healthy weight, stopping smoking, and avoiding constipation. Constipation contributes to straining during bowel movements, which can weaken the pelvic floor muscles over time. Maintaining a healthy weight can also reduce the risk of pressure on the pelvic floor, which can contribute to Enterocele. Quitting smoking is essential because nicotine can damage the tissues in the pelvic floor, making them more susceptible to injury.

• #17 How Common Is Prolapse After a Hysterectomy? | Restore Your Core

  https://restoreyourcore.com/learn/prolapse/how-common-is-a-prolapse-after-a-hysterectomy/

  The uterus is one of the most important support structures in the pelvic floor. It provides support for the vagina and can help prevent conditions like vaginal prolapse or bladder prolapse. A hysterectomy removes the uterus, thus, removing additional vaginal support. […] The most common form of vaginal prolapse associated with a hysterectomy is called enterocele – the small intestine herniating down toward the vagina. However, depending on the type of hysterectomy and your recovery, there is a risk of developing various types of vaginal prolapse. […] How to Prevent Prolapse After Hysterectomy […] Resting and Moving About Safely Post-Op […] The way you move during your early postoperative recovery affects the load on your pelvic floor after your hysterectomy. […] Avoiding Heavy Lifting

• #18 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8891769/

  After undergoing radical cystectomy combined with hysterectomy, female patients may suffer from pelvic organ prolapse due to the destruction of pelvic structures, which mainly manifests as the prolapse of tissues of the vulva to varying degrees and can be accompanied by symptoms, such as bleeding and inflammation. […] Therefore, preventing and managing this complication is especially important. […] We review the surgical approach for such patients, analyze high-risk factors for the disease and suggest corresponding preventive measures. […] To reduce patient suffering and expense, we believe that preventive measures are needed to reduce the incidence of POP after radical cystectomy in women. […] Importantly, doctors need to understand the anatomy of the female reproductive system, reduce the damage to important ligaments and fascia during surgery, and preserve vaginal support as much as possible.

• #19 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8891769/

  However, more important is adequate preoperative preparation and individualized postoperative care. […] In response to the above pathogenetic factors, we have focused on proposing corresponding preventive measures. Expedite the patient’s postoperative recovery and reduce the risk of postoperative infection. […] In addition to the proper use of antimicrobials, prophylactic measures are routine in surgical procedures, such as avoiding intraoperative hypothermia in patients, controlling perioperative blood glucose, and adhering to strict aseptic procedures. […] The most notable of these strategies is the disinfection of the vagina preoperatively and intraoperatively, and we recommend the preoperative use of a 1:5000 potassium permanganate dilution by sitting in a bath and flushing the vagina once each morning and night.

• #20 Vaginal enterocele after cystectomy: A case report

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8891769/

  In addition, in the instructions before discharge, patients need to be reminded to pay attention to perineal hygiene postoperatively and to change their underpants on a regular basis. […] We believe that constipation is a high-risk factor for acute vaginal enterocele. Therefore, it is important to correct constipation problems, and we recommend routine bowel preparation before surgery and propose individualized postoperative bowel movement management protocols for patients with a history of constipation. […] When patients are reexamined postoperatively, clinicians should emphasize physical examination unconstrained by imaging and laboratory test results, though they are important measures to detect early POP. […] We believe that adequate preoperative preparation along with detailed postoperative education is one of the important means to prevent this complication. Other means of prevention await further study.

• #21 Repair of Rectocele or Enterocele | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.repair-of-rectocele-or-enterocele.tv1532

  Because rectocele and enterocele are defects of the pelvic supporting tissue and not the bowel wall, they are treated most successfully with surgery that repairs the vaginal wall. This surgery pulls together the stretched or torn tissue in the area of prolapse. Surgery will also strengthen the wall of the vagina to prevent prolapse from recurring. […] Avoid strenuous activity for the first 6 weeks. And increase your activity level gradually. […] It is important to avoid constipation during this time. Your doctor will give you special bowel care instructions. But it is important to include sources of fiber and adequate fluids in your diet. Try to drink about 6 to 8 glasses of water a day.

• #22 Small intestine prolapse after vaginal hysterectomy with vaginal dome rupture. A clinical case – Ziganshin – Journal of obstetrics and women’s diseases

  https://journals.eco-vector.com/jowd/article/view/112118

  Today, for the prevention of complications and recurrence of genital prolapse, it is mandatory for patients to go through a careful selection for surgical treatment, which should include a clinical study and study of risk factors. […] When choosing an operative approach, complex treatment is necessary, including the use of the patients own tissues and modern materials that allow creating a reliable physiological framework to strengthen the pelvic organs. […] When performing this surgery, it is necessary not only to replace the damaged defective pelvic fascia with a new one, but also to create a neofascia that ensures the preservation of the normal function of the pelvic organs.

• #23 Prolapse After Hysterectomy: Risks and Prevention Guide

  https://restoreyourcore.com/learn/prolapse/prolapse-after-hysterectomy-a-comprehensive-guide-to-risks-prevention/

  Long-term management strategies for prolapse after hysterectomy may include regular pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the muscles supporting the pelvic organs, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding constipation, and using pessaries or other supportive devices if necessary. In some cases, hormone therapy may also be recommended to improve the strength and elasticity of the pelvic tissues. Regular follow-up with a healthcare provider is important to monitor for any changes in symptoms and adjust treatment as needed.

• #24 Small bowel prolapse | ABC Medical Center

  https://centromedicoabc.com/en/padecimientos/small-bowel-prolapse/

  Typically, small bowel prolapse does not require treatment unless it is serious, but it does require frequent medical check-ups, incorporating healthy habits and dietary changes. […] The following is recommended to prevent a small bowel prolapse: Drink more water and eat high-fiber foods. Stop smoking. Avoid lifting heavy objects. Maintain a healthy weight. Avoid forcing the intestine to evacuate. Dont put pressure on your abdomen. Perform Kegel exercises to strengthen your pelvic muscles. Sit with your legs elevated.

• #25 Prolapse After Hysterectomy: Risks and Prevention Guide

  https://restoreyourcore.com/learn/prolapse/prolapse-after-hysterectomy-a-comprehensive-guide-to-risks-prevention/

  Once you have been cleared for exercise (usually around 6-8 weeks after your surgery), beginning with pelvic floor and core-strengthening exercises, such as those in Restore Your Core® would be a good place to start. While I absolutely want all my clients with prolapse to get back to doing everything they love, because of the higher risk of prolapse after a hysterectomy, I like to remind folks that it can take up to a year after any kind of abdominal surgery to feel back to baseline. Heavy lifting and high-impact activities should not be undertaken without first consulting your doctor. If you’re cleared for those activities, you may want to work with a professional who specializes in training people who have had hysterectomies. […] While it may not be possible to completely prevent prolapse after undergoing a hysterectomy, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. These include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding heavy lifting, practicing good bowel habits, and performing pelvic floor exercises regularly.

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