Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies:

• #2 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing.

• #3 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele?content_id=CON-20377641

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing.

• #4 Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16966-enterocele

  An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, is a type of pelvic organ prolapse. It occurs when the small intestine prolapses, or drops, causing a bulge in the vagina. […] An enterocele (EN-ter-uh-seel) occurs when part of the small intestine drops (prolapses) into the pelvic area. […] An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, may occur along with other pelvic organ prolapses, such as: […] Your risk of developing an enterocele increases during and after menopause when estrogen levels drop. […] You may find out you have an enterocele when your healthcare provider performs a pelvic exam. […] You may also get one or more of these tests: […] There are nonsurgical and surgical treatments for enteroceles. […] Treatments for an enterocele include: […] Nonsurgical treatments often relieve enterocele symptoms. […] If the prolapse causes problems, your healthcare provider can discuss treatment options. Most women get symptom relief through nonsurgical treatments.

• #5 Enterocele Repair: Small Bowel Prolapse | Benenden Hospital

  https://www.benendenhospital.org.uk/treatments-services/gynaecology/enterocele-repair/

  Enterocele is a small bowel prolapse which occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] Treatment options can vary depending on the impact of the symptoms caused to by the prolapse. […] A Consultant can perform surgery to repair the prolapse through the vagina or abdomen, during the procedure, your Consultant moves the prolapsed small bowel back into place and tightens the connective tissue of your pelvic floor. […] An enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, may occur along with another pelvic organ prolapses, such as bladder prolapse (cystocele). […] Typical recovery time after the enterocele repair procedure is up to six weeks for most people. Your Consultant will advise you on what to expect in terms of your individual recovery and will support you with appropriate pain and advise you on when you can expect to resume normal activity including intercourse relief.

• #6 Small bowel prolapse: Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Treatment

  https://continentalhospitals.com/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse/

  Small bowel prolapse, also known as small bowel herniation or enterocele, is a medical condition that occurs when a portion of the small intestine protrudes into the pelvic cavity. […] Understanding what small bowel prolapse is and its associated symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you suspect you may be experiencing this condition, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend suitable management options. Early detection and intervention are key in managing small bowel prolapse effectively. […] Diagnosing small bowel prolapse is crucial for timely intervention and effective treatment. The accurate identification of this condition can help healthcare professionals develop a personalized care plan for patients, minimizing discomfort and preventing potential complications. To diagnose small bowel prolapse, doctors employ various diagnostic techniques. One commonly used method is imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These advanced imaging technologies provide detailed images of the small intestine, allowing medical experts to identify any abnormalities or signs of prolapse. Additionally, endoscopy procedures may be performed to visualize the small bowel directly. […] Your healthcare provider may perform a physical examination and ask about your symptoms and medical history. Additional tests such as imaging studies like an MRI or ultrasound may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis.

• #7 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  Purpose: To describe the diagnosis and management of enterocele with high risk of bowel ischemia in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of intestinal obstruction is a very rare but potentially serious clinical case. The immediate recognition and management are very important because of the risk of vaginal rupture, intestinal necrosis, and also systemic infection. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation. Ideally, it would be desirable to first reduce the congested structures in order to manage the tissues in the best possible conditions.

• #8 Enterocele: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://urologyku.com/resources/enterocele-the-small-bowel-prolapse/

  Enterocele: The Small Bowel Prolapse […] Diagnosis of Enterocele […] Diagnosing enterocele typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Steps may include: […] Medical History Review: Discussing symptoms and any previous medical conditions or surgeries. […] Pelvic Examination: A gynecologist or urologist will perform a physical exam to assess pelvic support. […] Imaging Studies: In some cases, doctors may use ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans to visualize the pelvic organs and confirm the diagnosis. […] Enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, is a significant yet often under-discussed condition that can affect many individuals, particularly women. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and improved quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of enterocele, seeking advice from a healthcare professional is essential for proper diagnosis and management.

• #9 Enterocele: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

  https://urologyku.com/resources/enterocele-the-small-bowel-prolapse/

  Enterocele: The Small Bowel Prolapse […] Diagnosis of Enterocele […] Diagnosing enterocele typically involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Steps may include: […] Medical History Review: Discussing symptoms and any previous medical conditions or surgeries. […] Pelvic Examination: A gynecologist or urologist will perform a physical exam to assess pelvic support. […] Imaging Studies: In some cases, doctors may use ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans to visualize the pelvic organs and confirm the diagnosis. […] Enterocele, or small bowel prolapse, is a significant yet often under-discussed condition that can affect many individuals, particularly women. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for effective management and improved quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of enterocele, seeking advice from a healthcare professional is essential for proper diagnosis and management.

• #10 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies:

• #11 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  The small intestine (small bowel), also known as enterocele, descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes on the top part of the vagina, resulting in the bulging of the bowel. […] Treatment for small bowel prolapse usually is conservative treatment such as pelvic support and pelvic floor exercise. If the prolapse is severe, surgery may be required. […] Many women with small bowel prolapse also have prolapse of the bladder, uterus, or rectum. If you experience any prolapse signs or symptoms, consult your doctor. […] Small bowel prolapse happens when the connective tissue is damaged or weakened. […] Your risk of experiencing small bowel prolapse is affected by the following factors: […] Surgery treatment to cure incontinence or removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] Due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic region, you may be genetically predisposed to prolapse, making you more likely to experience small bowel prolapse and other pelvic organ prolapses.

• #12 Enterocele – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/enterocele.html

  An enterocele happens when part of your small intestine falls down and bulges into your vagina. Weak or stretched muscles in the pelvis allow the intestine to prolapse (fall out of place). An enterocele may also be called a vaginal hernia or a small bowel prolapse. […] How is an enterocele diagnosed? […] A pelvic exam is used to help find an enterocele. Your provider will examine your vagina and rectum and check your pelvis for any changes. Your provider may ask you to tighten the muscles of your pelvis as if you are trying to stop urinating. This helps find how strong your pelvic muscles are. Your provider may ask you to bear down as if you are having a bowel movement. This will help your provider see where the prolapse is and measure it. […] Defecography shows changes taking place in your rectum and muscles during a bowel movement. A thick paste of barium is placed into your rectum through your anus. X-rays are taken while you push out the barium as if you are having a bowel movement. The barium makes an x-ray outline of your rectum and anus.

• #13 Enterocele – Diagnosis, Treatment, and Repair – Midwest Center for Pelvic Health

  https://www.midwestpelvis.com/enterocele-repair/

  Enterocele is a specific type of pelvic organ prolapse that occurs when the small intestine pushes on the vaginal walls causing a bulge or protrusion. […] How is Enterocele (Small Bowel Prolapse) Diagnosed? […] As with other forms of pelvic organ prolapse, the diagnosis of enterocele (small bowel prolapse) is made using a physical exam in which the outside and inside of the pelvis are examined. The internal pelvic exam is typically done with the assistance of a speculum. During this portion of the exam, your doctor may ask you to cough, bear down, or push during this exam. These actions help to accentuate the hernia, show the precise location of the bulge that you may see/feel, and can be extremely helpful in planning for a possible repair.

• #14 Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) – Women’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop

  Doctors usually diagnose pelvic organ prolapse by doing a pelvic examination. They use a speculum (an instrument that spreads the walls of the vagina apart) to see any bulges in the vagina or a lower position of the cervix (bottom part of the uterus). A doctor may insert 2 fingers into the vagina and press down on the abdomen to feel for vaginal bulges or prolapse of the uterus. They may also insert one finger in the vagina and one finger in the rectum at the same time to determine how severe a rectocele or enterocele is. […] A woman may be asked to bear down (as when having a bowel movement) or to cough. She may be examined while standing with one foot on a stool. The resulting pressure in the pelvis from bearing down, coughing, and/or standing may make a pelvic organ prolapse more obvious. […] Procedures to determine how well the bladder and rectum are functioning may be done if a woman has leakage of urine or stool (incontinence) or difficulty completely passing urine (urinary retention) or a bowel movement (constipation).

• #15 Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) – Women’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop/pelvic-organ-prolapse-pop

  Doctors usually diagnose pelvic organ prolapse by doing a pelvic examination. They use a speculum (an instrument that spreads the walls of the vagina apart) to see any bulges in the vagina or a lower position of the cervix (bottom part of the uterus). A doctor may insert 2 fingers into the vagina and press down on the abdomen to feel for vaginal bulges or prolapse of the uterus. They may also insert one finger in the vagina and one finger in the rectum at the same time to determine how severe a rectocele or enterocele is. […] A woman may be asked to bear down (as when having a bowel movement) or to cough. She may be examined while standing with one foot on a stool. The resulting pressure in the pelvis from bearing down, coughing, and/or standing may make a pelvic organ prolapse more obvious. […] Procedures to determine how well the bladder and rectum are functioning may be done if a woman has leakage of urine or stool (incontinence) or difficulty completely passing urine (urinary retention) or a bowel movement (constipation).

• #16 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20377641/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word prolapse means to slip or fall out of place. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing.

• #17 Enterocele (Intestinal Prolapse) | Urogynecologist | Pelvic Reconstruction Surgery | Transgender Care | Dr. Olivia Chang | UCI Urology

  https://oliviachangmd.com/conditions/enterocele-intestinal-prolapse/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, is when the small intestine descends into the lower pelvic cavity and creates a bulge at the top of the vagina. […] To diagnose intestinal prolapse, the physician will perform a pelvic exam during which the patient will be asked to take a deep breath and hold it while straining as if theyre having a bowel movement. This exercise, called a Valsalva maneuver, will cause a prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If the physician is unable to detect a prolapse while the patient is lying on the exam table, the maneuver may be repeated while the patient is standing.

• #18 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele)

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele2/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing.

• #19 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20377641

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing.

• #20 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] It may be possible to detect an enterocele during physical examination. However, enteroceles are difficult to detect by physical examination alone. An enterocele may be distinguishable from a high rectocele using the following palpation technique. The doctor places his index finger in the rectum, and the thumb (or index finger of the other hand) in the vagina, while the patient is standing and/or straining. If an enterocele is present, the hernia sac will come down into the rectovaginal space, between the rectum and the vagina, when the patient strains.

• #21 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  An enterocele is a herniation of a peritoneum-lined sac containing small intestine through the pelvic floor, between the rectum and the vagina (in females). Enterocele is significantly more common in females, especially after hysterectomy. […] It may be possible to detect an enterocele during physical examination. However, enteroceles are difficult to detect by physical examination alone. An enterocele may be distinguishable from a high rectocele using the following palpation technique. The doctor places his index finger in the rectum, and the thumb (or index finger of the other hand) in the vagina, while the patient is standing and/or straining. If an enterocele is present, the hernia sac will come down into the rectovaginal space, between the rectum and the vagina, when the patient strains.

• #22 When is her pelvic pressure and bulge due to Pouch of Douglas hernia? | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/obgyn/article/65054/pelvic-floor-dysfunction/when-her-pelvic-pressure-and-bulge-due-pouch-douglas

  Your patient reports symptoms similar to pelvic organ prolapse, but prolapse is not the problem. These authors offer how to make an accurate diagnosis. […] Similar to pelvic organ prolapse, Pouch of Douglas hernia also can present with symptoms of: pelvic pressure, vague perineal aching, defecatory dysfunction. […] The phenomenon has been variably referred to in the literature as enterocele, descending perineum syndrome, peritoneocele, or Pouch of Douglas hernia. […] Physical examination should start with inspection of the external genitalia. This inspection will identify any pelvic organ prolapse at or beyond the introitus. However, a Pouch of Douglas hernia will be missed if the patient is not examined during Valsalva or maximal strain. […] This maneuver will demonstrate the classic finding of perineal ballooning and is crucial to a final diagnosis of Pouch of Douglas hernia. […] In our opinion, this finding distinguishes Pouch of Douglas hernia from a vaginal vault prolapse caused by an enterocele. […] Basing the diagnosis of Pouch of Douglas hernia on physical examination alone can be difficult. Therefore, imaging studies are essential for accurate diagnosis.

• #23 Enterocele – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/enterocele.html

  An enterocele happens when part of your small intestine falls down and bulges into your vagina. Weak or stretched muscles in the pelvis allow the intestine to prolapse (fall out of place). An enterocele may also be called a vaginal hernia or a small bowel prolapse. […] How is an enterocele diagnosed? […] A pelvic exam is used to help find an enterocele. Your provider will examine your vagina and rectum and check your pelvis for any changes. Your provider may ask you to tighten the muscles of your pelvis as if you are trying to stop urinating. This helps find how strong your pelvic muscles are. Your provider may ask you to bear down as if you are having a bowel movement. This will help your provider see where the prolapse is and measure it. […] Defecography shows changes taking place in your rectum and muscles during a bowel movement. A thick paste of barium is placed into your rectum through your anus. X-rays are taken while you push out the barium as if you are having a bowel movement. The barium makes an x-ray outline of your rectum and anus.

• #24 Enterocele, Rectocele, or Both? — APOPS

  https://www.pelvicorganprolapsesupport.org/sherriepalm-articles/enterocele-rectocele-or-both8302017

  Enterocele occurs when the intestines (small bowel) protrude through a fascial defect or weak tissues, typically at the apex (top) of the vagina. […] An additional and more definitive diagnostic tool utilized for enterocele is called DRE or defecography (also called proctography). During this test, the act of defecation is assessed by recording expulsion of barium paste that is the consistency of feces. This test can evaluate pelvic floor and rectal function, how well the rectal sphincter works, and the effectiveness of rectal evacuation. […] This test facilitates diagnosis of rectocele, enterocele, intussusception, and function of the anal sphincter.

• #25 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  Imaging is usually needed to accurately detect an enterocele since physical examination is unreliable. Standard defecography does not show the small intestine or the peritoneal lining of the hernia sac of an enterocele, therefore it is not useful to detect an enterocele. Oral contrast is usually given to opacify the small intestine. Opacification of the vagina on defecography suggests that the vagina has been displaced. Upwards displacement may represent an enterocele. On defecography, enterocele is more evident after defecation, once the rectum/bladder are empty and more space becomes available in the pelvic cavity. […] Simultaneous dynamic proctography and peritoneography (injection of contrast into the peritoneum) is effective at the detection of enteroceles. However, it is difficult to inject contrast agent into the peritoneal cavity, and there is a risk of contamination of the peritoneum. Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is accurate and can detect enterocele, but it is not widely available. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound has also been used to detect enterocele.

• #26 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  Dynamic imaging of the pelvic floor is the key component to identify and address all aspects of pelvic floor pathology. […] Gousse et al. compared physical examination, MRI, and intraoperative findings and found the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of MRI in identifying enterocele to be 87%, 80%, and 91%, respectively. […] Obtaining a history consistent with enterocele, a confirmatory physical exam and appropriate dynamic imaging of the pelvis allow us to correctly identify all components of a given patients pelvic floor pathology, leading to selection of appropriate interventions.

• #27 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  Imaging is usually needed to accurately detect an enterocele since physical examination is unreliable. Standard defecography does not show the small intestine or the peritoneal lining of the hernia sac of an enterocele, therefore it is not useful to detect an enterocele. Oral contrast is usually given to opacify the small intestine. Opacification of the vagina on defecography suggests that the vagina has been displaced. Upwards displacement may represent an enterocele. On defecography, enterocele is more evident after defecation, once the rectum/bladder are empty and more space becomes available in the pelvic cavity. […] Simultaneous dynamic proctography and peritoneography (injection of contrast into the peritoneum) is effective at the detection of enteroceles. However, it is difficult to inject contrast agent into the peritoneal cavity, and there is a risk of contamination of the peritoneum. Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is accurate and can detect enterocele, but it is not widely available. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound has also been used to detect enterocele.

• #28 Enterocele – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/entorecele/

  The most useful test for the enterocele or sigmoidocele itself is a MRI proctogram or a videoproctogram. This should confirm that there is a prolapse of the small intestine or sigmoid colon. The test is also useful to ensure that there are not any other areas of prolapse such as an internal prolapse (intussusception) or a rectocele which would require treatment at the same time. […] For most women who have an enterocele or sigmoidocele that is causing pressure symptoms or problems with bowel emptying, a repair is recommended. This type of surgery is typically undertaken by a gynaecologist who operates through the vagina to repair the defect and will often carry out a procedure to support the vagina at the same time.

• #29 Enterocele and sigmoidocele – The Midlands Bowel Clinic

  https://themidlandsbowelclinic.com/diagnosis/enterocele-and-sigmoidocele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse or internal hernia. It occurs when the small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum, creating a bulge that can cause pressure and discomfort. […] To determine if your symptoms are caused by an enterocele or sigmoidocele, your doctor may recommend: […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to ensure your bowel is otherwise healthy. […] Video proctogram or MRI proctogram. These imaging tests confirm the presence of a bulge and assess whether it is obstructing bowel movements. […] Anorectal physiology tests to evaluate sphincter muscle function and detect any associated damage. […] Endoanal ultrasound scan to assess the structure and integrity of the anal sphincter muscles. […] If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• #30 Enterocele – Birmingham Pelvic Floor Clinic

  https://birminghampelvicfloorclinic.com/conditions/entorecele/

  Enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of prolapse or internal hernia. It is a bulge that develops between the vagina in front and the rectum behind. The small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum causing pressure on each. […] Enteroceles or sigmoidoceles usually occur as a result of damage to the tissues between the rectum and vagina during childbirth. The tearing leads to a weakness in the tissues and with time a bulge develops. Enterocele or sigmoidocele may also develop in women who have to strain excessively to open their bowels. […] It is important to make sure that it is the enterocele or sigmoidocele that is causing the bowel problem. Most women will require some form of endoscopic examination of the bowel either by flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy ensure that it is otherwise healthy.

• #31 Enterocele and sigmoidocele – The Midlands Bowel Clinic

  https://themidlandsbowelclinic.com/diagnosis/enterocele-and-sigmoidocele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse or internal hernia. It occurs when the small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum, creating a bulge that can cause pressure and discomfort. […] To determine if your symptoms are caused by an enterocele or sigmoidocele, your doctor may recommend: […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to ensure your bowel is otherwise healthy. […] Video proctogram or MRI proctogram. These imaging tests confirm the presence of a bulge and assess whether it is obstructing bowel movements. […] Anorectal physiology tests to evaluate sphincter muscle function and detect any associated damage. […] Endoanal ultrasound scan to assess the structure and integrity of the anal sphincter muscles. […] If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• #32 Enterocele and sigmoidocele – The Midlands Bowel Clinic

  https://themidlandsbowelclinic.com/diagnosis/enterocele-and-sigmoidocele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse or internal hernia. It occurs when the small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum, creating a bulge that can cause pressure and discomfort. […] To determine if your symptoms are caused by an enterocele or sigmoidocele, your doctor may recommend: […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to ensure your bowel is otherwise healthy. […] Video proctogram or MRI proctogram. These imaging tests confirm the presence of a bulge and assess whether it is obstructing bowel movements. […] Anorectal physiology tests to evaluate sphincter muscle function and detect any associated damage. […] Endoanal ultrasound scan to assess the structure and integrity of the anal sphincter muscles. […] If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• #33 Enterocele and sigmoidocele – The Midlands Bowel Clinic

  https://themidlandsbowelclinic.com/diagnosis/enterocele-and-sigmoidocele/

  An enterocele or sigmoidocele is a type of pelvic organ prolapse or internal hernia. It occurs when the small intestine (enterocele) or colon (sigmoidocele) pushes downwards between the vagina and rectum, creating a bulge that can cause pressure and discomfort. […] To determine if your symptoms are caused by an enterocele or sigmoidocele, your doctor may recommend: […] Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to ensure your bowel is otherwise healthy. […] Video proctogram or MRI proctogram. These imaging tests confirm the presence of a bulge and assess whether it is obstructing bowel movements. […] Anorectal physiology tests to evaluate sphincter muscle function and detect any associated damage. […] Endoanal ultrasound scan to assess the structure and integrity of the anal sphincter muscles. […] If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

• #34 Enterocele Woodstock – Enterocele Repair Park City IL – Enterocele Symptoms Lake Forest IL – Urogynecologist Park City 60085

  https://www.partnersinpelvichealth.com/enterocele/

  Aging, childbirth, and pressure on the pelvic organs can result in a condition called enterocele, or small bowel prolapse. This condition occurs when the small bowel (also referred to as the small intestine) is no longer supported by the pelvic floor muscles and droops into the vaginal canal. This creates a bulge that can be uncomfortable and embarrassing for women of any age. […] Enterocele is diagnosed by a physical examination and a review of the patients symptoms. Dr. Gandhi has his patients relax on the exam table and bear down in the pelvic region to see if the small bowel bulges through the vaginal cavity. This can also be done while the patient is standing and allows the doctor to see the condition and give an accurate diagnosis. […] More severe cases may benefit from surgical procedures in which connective tissues are tightened and a synthetic mesh is put in place to provide support for the small bowel and any other pelvic organs that are at risk of experiencing moderate to severe prolapse.

• #35 Enterocele – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocele

  Imaging is usually needed to accurately detect an enterocele since physical examination is unreliable. Standard defecography does not show the small intestine or the peritoneal lining of the hernia sac of an enterocele, therefore it is not useful to detect an enterocele. Oral contrast is usually given to opacify the small intestine. Opacification of the vagina on defecography suggests that the vagina has been displaced. Upwards displacement may represent an enterocele. On defecography, enterocele is more evident after defecation, once the rectum/bladder are empty and more space becomes available in the pelvic cavity. […] Simultaneous dynamic proctography and peritoneography (injection of contrast into the peritoneum) is effective at the detection of enteroceles. However, it is difficult to inject contrast agent into the peritoneal cavity, and there is a risk of contamination of the peritoneum. Dynamic pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is accurate and can detect enterocele, but it is not widely available. Dynamic transperineal ultrasound has also been used to detect enterocele.

• #36 How to Interpret a Functional or Motility Test – Defecography

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm.2011.17.4.416

  To diagnose enterocele, the small bowel should be opacified with the same barium used for examination of the small intestine. Oral ingestion of 400 to 600 mL barium suspension is given 45 to 60 minutes before the fluoroscopic study. Sometimes, it may take up to 3 hours for ingested oral contrast to reach pelvic ileal loops. […] Peritoneal sac herniations are demonstrated most frequently at the end of evacuation and can be filled with small bowel (enterocele) or sigmoid colon (sigmoidocele). They result from the herniation of the peritoneal sac into the rectovaginal space. On defecography, descent of barium-filled ileal loops is evident during evacuation in the space between the rectum and vagina that is widened. Widening of this space or the presence of air in this space is also an indirect sign of enterocele when opacification of ileal loops is not achieved. […] Defecography still represents a unique diagnostic technique for the examination of defecation dysfunctions.

• #37 How to Interpret a Functional or Motility Test – Defecography

  https://www.jnmjournal.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5056/jnm.2011.17.4.416

  To diagnose enterocele, the small bowel should be opacified with the same barium used for examination of the small intestine. Oral ingestion of 400 to 600 mL barium suspension is given 45 to 60 minutes before the fluoroscopic study. Sometimes, it may take up to 3 hours for ingested oral contrast to reach pelvic ileal loops. […] Peritoneal sac herniations are demonstrated most frequently at the end of evacuation and can be filled with small bowel (enterocele) or sigmoid colon (sigmoidocele). They result from the herniation of the peritoneal sac into the rectovaginal space. On defecography, descent of barium-filled ileal loops is evident during evacuation in the space between the rectum and vagina that is widened. Widening of this space or the presence of air in this space is also an indirect sign of enterocele when opacification of ileal loops is not achieved. […] Defecography still represents a unique diagnostic technique for the examination of defecation dysfunctions.

• #38 Pelvic Prolapse: Diagnosing and Treating Cystoceles, Rectoceles, and Enteroceles – Page 6

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722323_6

  An enterocele is usually seen as a vaginal bulge near the apex of the vagina, which then protrudes distally, whereas a rectocele is typically an isolated protrusion just proximal to the perineal body. […] Nonoperative therapy is usually reserved for patients with minimal symptoms, patients desiring additional children in the near future, or patients who would be high-risk surgical candidates. […] The goals of an enterocele repair are the same as for any hernia procedure: reduction of the hernia sac and closure of the defect. […] Once an enterocele has been identified, the 4 principles of enterocele repair are to (1) identify the enterocele and probable etiology by careful preoperative evaluation; (2) mobilize or obliterate the enterocele sac; (3) occlude the sac with suture ligation as high as possible; and (4) close the hernia defect by providing support below the hernia sac and restore the normal vaginal axis.

• #39 Pelvic Prolapse: Diagnosing and Treating Cystoceles, Rectoceles, and Enteroceles – Page 6

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722323_6

  An enterocele is usually seen as a vaginal bulge near the apex of the vagina, which then protrudes distally, whereas a rectocele is typically an isolated protrusion just proximal to the perineal body. […] Nonoperative therapy is usually reserved for patients with minimal symptoms, patients desiring additional children in the near future, or patients who would be high-risk surgical candidates. […] The goals of an enterocele repair are the same as for any hernia procedure: reduction of the hernia sac and closure of the defect. […] Once an enterocele has been identified, the 4 principles of enterocele repair are to (1) identify the enterocele and probable etiology by careful preoperative evaluation; (2) mobilize or obliterate the enterocele sac; (3) occlude the sac with suture ligation as high as possible; and (4) close the hernia defect by providing support below the hernia sac and restore the normal vaginal axis.

• #40 When is her pelvic pressure and bulge due to Pouch of Douglas hernia? | MDedge

  https://mdedge.com/obgyn/article/65054/pelvic-floor-dysfunction/when-her-pelvic-pressure-and-bulge-due-pouch-douglas

  Your patient reports symptoms similar to pelvic organ prolapse, but prolapse is not the problem. These authors offer how to make an accurate diagnosis. […] Similar to pelvic organ prolapse, Pouch of Douglas hernia also can present with symptoms of: pelvic pressure, vague perineal aching, defecatory dysfunction. […] The phenomenon has been variably referred to in the literature as enterocele, descending perineum syndrome, peritoneocele, or Pouch of Douglas hernia. […] Physical examination should start with inspection of the external genitalia. This inspection will identify any pelvic organ prolapse at or beyond the introitus. However, a Pouch of Douglas hernia will be missed if the patient is not examined during Valsalva or maximal strain. […] This maneuver will demonstrate the classic finding of perineal ballooning and is crucial to a final diagnosis of Pouch of Douglas hernia. […] In our opinion, this finding distinguishes Pouch of Douglas hernia from a vaginal vault prolapse caused by an enterocele. […] Basing the diagnosis of Pouch of Douglas hernia on physical examination alone can be difficult. Therefore, imaging studies are essential for accurate diagnosis.

• #41 Pelvic Prolapse: Diagnosing and Treating Cystoceles, Rectoceles, and Enteroceles – Page 6

  https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722323_6

  Lastly, a pulsion enterocele can occur secondary to conditions that cause chronically raised intra-abdominal pressure, such as chronic cough or severe physical exertion. […] Enteroceles are not usually symptomatic until they become so large that they descend to the hymenal level. […] If a pessary is placed and the pain remits or significantly diminishes, it can be assumed that the pain is secondary to prolapse and that surgery would indeed correct the problem. […] Certain objective findings, however, indicate when surgery is the best choice. […] The diagnosis can usually be made with either an upright intravenous pyelogram (IVP) or renal ultrasound. […] A rare but serious concern in an elderly patient with a very large enterocele and atrophic tissues is evisceration. […] To diagnose an enterocele, the anterior vaginal wall should be elevated with the lower blade of a Graves speculum to expose the vaginal apex and posterior vaginal wall.

• #42 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies:

• #43 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgical repair. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse.

• #44 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Mild small bowel prolapse may produce no signs or symptoms. In significant prolapse, the following symptoms might be experienced: A feeling of pulling in the pelvis that eases when you lie down, A feeling of pelvic fullness, pressure or pain, Pain in the low back that eases when you lie down, A soft bulge of tissue in the vagina, Vaginal discomfort and painful intercourse (dyspareunia). […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk. Increased abdominal pressure. Overweight increases pressure inside the abdomen, which augments the risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. Family history. The chances of having prolapse are greater if the mother experienced small bowel prolapse. Connective tissue disorders. One may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in ones pelvic area.

• #45 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, is an abnormal condition where the small intestine slides into the lower pelvic cavity making a bulge on the top part of the vagina. […] Depending on the intensity of the prolapse, meaning bulge, surgical or other corrective methods are chosen by your doctor. […] If you observe bulging or swelling in your vaginal region. […] Feeling pressure or fullness in the pelvic area for longer duration. […] In some cases, surgical intervention becomes inevitable. In such an instance, your doctor tightens the tissues and ligaments of the pelvic floor after moving the small intestine back into its place. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #46 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Mild small bowel prolapse may produce no signs or symptoms. In significant prolapse, the following symptoms might be experienced: A feeling of pulling in the pelvis that eases when you lie down, A feeling of pelvic fullness, pressure or pain, Pain in the low back that eases when you lie down, A soft bulge of tissue in the vagina, Vaginal discomfort and painful intercourse (dyspareunia). […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk. Increased abdominal pressure. Overweight increases pressure inside the abdomen, which augments the risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. Family history. The chances of having prolapse are greater if the mother experienced small bowel prolapse. Connective tissue disorders. One may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in ones pelvic area.

• #47 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Mild small bowel prolapse may produce no signs or symptoms. In significant prolapse, the following symptoms might be experienced: A feeling of pulling in the pelvis that eases when you lie down, A feeling of pelvic fullness, pressure or pain, Pain in the low back that eases when you lie down, A soft bulge of tissue in the vagina, Vaginal discomfort and painful intercourse (dyspareunia). […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk. Increased abdominal pressure. Overweight increases pressure inside the abdomen, which augments the risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. Family history. The chances of having prolapse are greater if the mother experienced small bowel prolapse. Connective tissue disorders. One may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in ones pelvic area.

• #48 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse occurs in women when the small intestine (small bowel) slides down into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” refers to slipping or falling out of place. […] Mild small bowel prolapse may produce no signs or symptoms. In significant prolapse, the following symptoms might be experienced: A feeling of pulling in the pelvis that eases when you lie down, A feeling of pelvic fullness, pressure or pain, Pain in the low back that eases when you lie down, A soft bulge of tissue in the vagina, Vaginal discomfort and painful intercourse (dyspareunia). […] Factors that increase the risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: Pregnancy and childbirth. Vaginal delivery of one or more children contributes to the weakening of the pelvic floor support structures, increasing the risk of prolapse. Age. Small bowel prolapse occurs more often with increasing age. Pelvic surgery. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase the risk. Increased abdominal pressure. Overweight increases pressure inside the abdomen, which augments the risk of developing small bowel prolapse. Smoking. Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. Family history. The chances of having prolapse are greater if the mother experienced small bowel prolapse. Connective tissue disorders. One may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in ones pelvic area.

• #49 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  The symptoms of enterocele can be classified into two categories: (1) pelvic discomfort and (2) altered bowel function. […] Symptoms of obstructed defecation are the most common symptoms of enterocele. […] This highlights the need for complete pelvic floor evaluation prior to embarking on repair. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent. […] A thorough, focused pelvic exam with the intent of uncovering pathology in all compartments is paramount. […] The pelvic exam should evaluate the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, cervix, urethra, rectum, anus, and perineum. […] The vast majority of enteroceles are not detected on physical exam and require designated imaging to detect their presence.

• #50 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  Fig. 12.1 A natural increase in intraabdominal pressure during the sensation to defecate exacerbates the enterocele intrusion through the Pouch of Douglas […] A brief review of the key supporting structures and potential spaces within the pelvis is important in understanding enterocele defects and in serving as a guide to the appropriate repair. […] The distinct apical enterocele will occur when the endopelvic fascia overlying the vaginal cuff is disrupted and/or thinned, typically during hysterectomy. […] Patients with enterocele experience the herniated small intestine pressing upon the pelvic musculature and anterior rectal wall. This produces the misinterpreted urge to defecate. […] A simple test is useful in identifying this process. Explain this process to the patient and, at the next occurrence, have the patient leave the toilet and position themselves with hips well above shoulders (i.e., hips elevated on cushions). Relief of the sensation to defecate suggests that gravity has assisted the small intestine in falling out of Pouch of Douglas and predicts success after surgical repair of the enterocele.

• #51 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/enterocele/symptoms-causes/syc-20377661

  Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina. […] Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgery to fix the prolapse. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] You may be able to lower your chances of small bowel prolapse with these strategies:

• #52 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Being overweight increases pressure inside your abdomen, which increases your risk of developing small bowel prolapse. […] Smoking is associated with developing prolapse because smokers frequently cough, increasing abdominal pressure. […] If your mother experienced small bowel prolapse or prolapse of other pelvic organs, your chances of having prolapse are greater than that of a woman with no family history of prolapse. […] You may be genetically prone to prolapse due to weaker connective tissues in your pelvic area, making you naturally more susceptible to small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse.

• #53 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  Purpose: To describe the diagnosis and management of enterocele with high risk of bowel ischemia in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of intestinal obstruction is a very rare but potentially serious clinical case. The immediate recognition and management are very important because of the risk of vaginal rupture, intestinal necrosis, and also systemic infection. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation. Ideally, it would be desirable to first reduce the congested structures in order to manage the tissues in the best possible conditions.

• #54 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, is an abnormal condition where the small intestine slides into the lower pelvic cavity making a bulge on the top part of the vagina. […] Depending on the intensity of the prolapse, meaning bulge, surgical or other corrective methods are chosen by your doctor. […] If you observe bulging or swelling in your vaginal region. […] If the symptoms are bothering you, the treatment options include: […] In some cases, surgical intervention becomes inevitable. In such an instance, your doctor tightens the tissues and ligaments of the pelvic floor after moving the small intestine back into its place. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #55 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Complications of small bowel prolapse include: Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding, Incarceration the rectum cannot be manually pushed back inside the body, Strangulation of the rectum when the blood supply is reduced, Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

• #56 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Complications of small bowel prolapse include: Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding, Incarceration the rectum cannot be manually pushed back inside the body, Strangulation of the rectum when the blood supply is reduced, Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

• #57 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Complications of small bowel prolapse include: Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding, Incarceration the rectum cannot be manually pushed back inside the body, Strangulation of the rectum when the blood supply is reduced, Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

• #58 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Humanitas.net

  https://www.humanitas.net/diseases/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Complications of small bowel prolapse include: Risk of damage to the rectum, such as ulceration and bleeding, Incarceration the rectum cannot be manually pushed back inside the body, Strangulation of the rectum when the blood supply is reduced, Death and decay (gangrene) of the strangulated section of the rectum.

• #59 Pelvic organ prolapse: An unusual cause of small bowel obstruction – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31255427/

  We present the rare case of a small bowel obstruction secondary to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). A 77-year-old female presented with four days of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. […] She was found to have an enterocele causing small bowel obstruction. […] Post-menopausal women should be asked about symptoms or presence of pelvic organ prolapse and in the correct patient population, pelvic examination can be important for diagnosis and treatment of small bowel obstruction. […] If the enterocele is manually reduced non-operative management can be safe and effective.

• #60 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  Purpose: To describe the diagnosis and management of enterocele with high risk of bowel ischemia in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of intestinal obstruction is a very rare but potentially serious clinical case. The immediate recognition and management are very important because of the risk of vaginal rupture, intestinal necrosis, and also systemic infection. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation. Ideally, it would be desirable to first reduce the congested structures in order to manage the tissues in the best possible conditions.

• #61 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, is an abnormal condition where the small intestine slides into the lower pelvic cavity making a bulge on the top part of the vagina. […] Depending on the intensity of the prolapse, meaning bulge, surgical or other corrective methods are chosen by your doctor. […] If you observe bulging or swelling in your vaginal region. […] Feeling pressure or fullness in the pelvic area for longer duration. […] In some cases, surgical intervention becomes inevitable. In such an instance, your doctor tightens the tissues and ligaments of the pelvic floor after moving the small intestine back into its place. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #62 Enterocele | Abdominal Key

  https://abdominalkey.com/enterocele/

  The symptoms of enterocele can be classified into two categories: (1) pelvic discomfort and (2) altered bowel function. […] Symptoms of obstructed defecation are the most common symptoms of enterocele. […] This highlights the need for complete pelvic floor evaluation prior to embarking on repair. […] The development of symptoms occurring after hysterectomy should alert the clinician to the possibility of an apical enterocele as the causative agent. […] A thorough, focused pelvic exam with the intent of uncovering pathology in all compartments is paramount. […] The pelvic exam should evaluate the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, cervix, urethra, rectum, anus, and perineum. […] The vast majority of enteroceles are not detected on physical exam and require designated imaging to detect their presence.

• #63 Small bowel prolapse (enterocele) – Hancock Health

  https://www.hancockhealth.org/ja/mayo-health-library/small-bowel-prolapse-enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele (EN-tur-o-seel), occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word prolapse means to slip or fall out of place. […] To confirm a diagnosis of small bowel prolapse, your doctor performs a pelvic exam. During the exam, your doctor may ask you to take a deep breath and hold it while bearing down like you’re having a bowel movement (Valsalva maneuver), which is likely to cause the prolapsed small bowel to bulge downward. If your doctor can’t verify that you have a prolapse while you’re lying on the exam table, he or she may repeat the exam while you’re standing. […] Small bowel prolapse typically doesn’t need treatment if the symptoms don’t trouble you. Surgery may be effective if you have advanced prolapse with bothersome symptoms. Nonsurgical approaches are available if you wish to avoid surgery, if surgery would be too risky or if you want to become pregnant in the future.

• #64 Enterocele – Pelvic Floor Center

  https://pelvicfloorcenter.org/enterocele/

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, occurs when the small intestine (small bowel) descends into the lower pelvic cavity and pushes at the top part of the vagina, creating a bulge. The word „prolapse” means to slip or fall out of place. […] To manage small bowel prolapse, self-care measures and other nonsurgical options are often effective. In severe cases, you may need surgical repair. […] See your doctor if you develop signs or symptoms of prolapse that bother you. […] Increased pressure on the pelvic floor is the main reason for any form of pelvic organ prolapse. […] Factors that increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse include: […] Small bowel prolapse and other types of pelvic organ prolapse occur more often with increasing age. […] Removal of your uterus (hysterectomy) or surgical procedures to treat incontinence may increase your risk of developing small bowel prolapse.

• #65 Small Bowel Prolapse or Enterocele – Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

  https://www.apollohospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/small-bowel-prolapse-or-enterocele-symptoms-causes-prevention-and-treatment

  Small bowel prolapse, also called enterocele, is an abnormal condition where the small intestine slides into the lower pelvic cavity making a bulge on the top part of the vagina. […] Depending on the intensity of the prolapse, meaning bulge, surgical or other corrective methods are chosen by your doctor. […] If you observe bulging or swelling in your vaginal region. […] If the symptoms are bothering you, the treatment options include: […] In some cases, surgical intervention becomes inevitable. In such an instance, your doctor tightens the tissues and ligaments of the pelvic floor after moving the small intestine back into its place. […] Negligence of small bowel prolapse may lead to ulcers, Gangrene, bleeding, and strangulated rectum which is a medical emergency.

• #66 Enterocele with Risk of Intestinal Incarceration: A Case Report

  https://www.scientificarchives.com/article/enterocele-with-risk-of-intestinal-incarceration-a-case-report

  Purpose: To describe the diagnosis and management of enterocele with high risk of bowel ischemia in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of intestinal obstruction is a very rare but potentially serious clinical case. The immediate recognition and management are very important because of the risk of vaginal rupture, intestinal necrosis, and also systemic infection. […] The diagnosis of advanced enterocele with risk of bowel obstruction or even ischemia is a very rare but potentially serious event due to the risk of bowel necrosis, systemic infection or evisceration after vaginal rupture. Its immediate recognition and management are very important for patients with this clinical presentation. Ideally, it would be desirable to first reduce the congested structures in order to manage the tissues in the best possible conditions.

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