Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Tympanic Membrane Perforation | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30703

  Tympanic membrane perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. […] One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #2 Perforated Tympanic Membrane | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/117239/4/Perforated_Tympanic_Membrane

  Incidence in the general population is unknown because many perforations heal spontaneously. […] Genetic susceptibility has been reported for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), two etiologies that may lead to the complication of TM perforation.

• #3 Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874794/

  Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals 12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. […] These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.

• #4 Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874794/

  Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals 12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. […] These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.

• #5 Prevalence of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Among Adolescents, Adults, and Older Adults in the United States – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34874794/

  Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can occur at any age, but limited population-level data are available. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence and population estimates for TM perforations among individuals 12 years old in the United States. Overall, TM perforations have a prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.6%), corresponding to 5.8 million Americans. Across the life course, older adults have the highest prevalence of TM perforations at 6.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-7.6%), corresponding to nearly 3 million Americans, as opposed to a prevalence of 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.9%) in adolescents, which equates to 0.2 million Americans. Males and females have a similar prevalence at 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.0%) among males and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.6%) among females. […] These prevalence and population estimates provide the first US-based population estimates of the burden of TM perforations over the life course.

• #6 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane perforation is when the tympanic membrane (TM) ruptures, creating a hole between the external and middle ear. […] While TM perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #7 Tympanic Membrane Perforation | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30703

  Tympanic membrane perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. […] One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #8 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane perforation is when the tympanic membrane (TM) ruptures, creating a hole between the external and middle ear. […] While TM perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #9 Tympanic Membrane Perforation | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30703

  Tympanic membrane perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. […] One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #10 Tympanic Membrane Perforation – StatPearls – NCBI BookshelfTwitterFacebookLinkedInGitHubNCBI Insights BlogTwitterFacebookYoutube

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557887/

  Tympanic membrane perforation is when the tympanic membrane (TM) ruptures, creating a hole between the external and middle ear. […] While TM perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #11 Tympanic Membrane Perforation | Treatment & Management | Point of Care

  https://www.statpearls.com/point-of-care/30703

  Tympanic membrane perforation incidence is unknown overall, given that many heal spontaneously, it is not uncommon to see a ruptured tympanic membrane in clinical practice. […] One study of nearly 1,000 patients in the United States showed that men more commonly had traumatic rupture compared to women in a ratio of 1.49:1. […] A study out of Nigeria looking at 529 patients found similar statistics to the United States with a male to female ratio of 2:1. […] Another study with 80 participants showed that the average age of patients who experience TM perforation was 26.7 +/- 14.6 years, with children making up 25% of the sample size.

• #12 Middle Ear, Tympanic Membrane, Perforations: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858684-overview

  Incidence of tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in the general population is unknown. One survey found that that 4% of a population of Native American children had TMP. […] Another study found that 3% of children treated with ventilation tubes had the condition. […] However, the incidence in the general population has not been studied. Even the exact number of surgical TMP repairs performed each year is unknown. Analysis of government statistics indicates that perhaps 150,000 tympanoplasties are performed per year in a population of 280 million.

• #13 Middle Ear, Tympanic Membrane, Perforations: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858684-overview

  Incidence of tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in the general population is unknown. One survey found that that 4% of a population of Native American children had TMP. […] Another study found that 3% of children treated with ventilation tubes had the condition. […] However, the incidence in the general population has not been studied. Even the exact number of surgical TMP repairs performed each year is unknown. Analysis of government statistics indicates that perhaps 150,000 tympanoplasties are performed per year in a population of 280 million.

• #14 Evaluation and management of middle ear trauma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-middle-ear-trauma

  Middle ear injury, injury to adjacent inner ear structures, or both occurs in up to one-third of patients with severe head trauma and over one-half of patients with temporal bone basilar skull fractures. […] These injuries include hemotympanum, hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, otic capsule injury, and traumatic perilymphatic fistula. […] Otic capsule injury is four to five times more likely if temporal bone fracture occurs with facial nerve paralysis, CSF otorrhea, or both. […] Middle ear injury may also occur after direct blunt trauma to the external auditory canal or penetrating trauma.

• #15 Evaluation and management of middle ear trauma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-middle-ear-trauma

  Middle ear injury, injury to adjacent inner ear structures, or both occurs in up to one-third of patients with severe head trauma and over one-half of patients with temporal bone basilar skull fractures. […] These injuries include hemotympanum, hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, otic capsule injury, and traumatic perilymphatic fistula. […] Otic capsule injury is four to five times more likely if temporal bone fracture occurs with facial nerve paralysis, CSF otorrhea, or both. […] Middle ear injury may also occur after direct blunt trauma to the external auditory canal or penetrating trauma.

• #16 Evaluation and management of middle ear trauma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-middle-ear-trauma

  Middle ear injury, injury to adjacent inner ear structures, or both occurs in up to one-third of patients with severe head trauma and over one-half of patients with temporal bone basilar skull fractures. […] These injuries include hemotympanum, hearing loss, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula, otic capsule injury, and traumatic perilymphatic fistula. […] Otic capsule injury is four to five times more likely if temporal bone fracture occurs with facial nerve paralysis, CSF otorrhea, or both. […] Middle ear injury may also occur after direct blunt trauma to the external auditory canal or penetrating trauma.

• #17 Middle Ear, Tympanic Membrane, Perforations: Practice Essentials, Epidemiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/858684-overview

  Incidence of tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) in the general population is unknown. One survey found that that 4% of a population of Native American children had TMP. […] Another study found that 3% of children treated with ventilation tubes had the condition. […] However, the incidence in the general population has not been studied. Even the exact number of surgical TMP repairs performed each year is unknown. Analysis of government statistics indicates that perhaps 150,000 tympanoplasties are performed per year in a population of 280 million.

• #18 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane. A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. Pain is usually not persistent. […] The causes of perforated eardrum are usually from trauma (injury) or infection. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum resulting in a perforation. In this circumstance, there maybe infected or bloody drainage from the ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. […] Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Usually, the larger the perforation, the greater the loss of hearing.

• #19 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #20 Ruptured Eardrum | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/ruptured-eardrum.html

  A ruptured eardrum is when theres a hole in your eardrum (the thin tissue between your ear canal and your middle ear). This condition is also called perforated eardrum or tympanic membrane perforation. […] Conditions such as cholesteatoma, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and ear infections can weaken your eardrum tissue. The tissue wears down over time, which makes it more likely to tear. […] Risk factors are things that increase your risk for a perforated eardrum. Your chances of rupturing your eardrum are higher if you: […] Ruptured eardrums are commonly seen in children. Children are more likely to develop ear infections, or stick foreign objects in their ear. In older people, most ruptured eardrums happen from ear injuries and trauma. […] A hearing specialist called an audiologist will do hearing tests to check if you have hearing loss from the ruptured eardrum. Hearing tests look at your response to several aspects of sound, such as tone, pitch, and loudness.

• #21 Ruptured Eardrum | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/ear-nose-and-throat/ruptured-eardrum.html

  A ruptured eardrum is when theres a hole in your eardrum (the thin tissue between your ear canal and your middle ear). This condition is also called perforated eardrum or tympanic membrane perforation. […] Conditions such as cholesteatoma, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and ear infections can weaken your eardrum tissue. The tissue wears down over time, which makes it more likely to tear. […] Risk factors are things that increase your risk for a perforated eardrum. Your chances of rupturing your eardrum are higher if you: […] Ruptured eardrums are commonly seen in children. Children are more likely to develop ear infections, or stick foreign objects in their ear. In older people, most ruptured eardrums happen from ear injuries and trauma. […] A hearing specialist called an audiologist will do hearing tests to check if you have hearing loss from the ruptured eardrum. Hearing tests look at your response to several aspects of sound, such as tone, pitch, and loudness.

• #22 Perforated Tympanic Membrane | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/117239/4/Perforated_Tympanic_Membrane

  Incidence in the general population is unknown because many perforations heal spontaneously. […] Genetic susceptibility has been reported for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), two etiologies that may lead to the complication of TM perforation.

• #23 Perforated Tympanic Membrane | 5-Minute Clinical Consult

  https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/117239/0.1/Perforated_Tympanic_Membrane

  Incidence in the general population is unknown because many perforations heal spontaneously. […] Genetic susceptibility has been reported for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), two etiologies that may lead to the complication of TM perforation.

• #24

  https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2023/11100/effect_of_eardrum_perforation_and_chronic_otitis.98.aspx

  This study was conducted to determine whether tympanic membrane perforation or chronic otitis media affects the results of an infrared tympanic membrane thermometer in adults. […] The primary outcome of this study was the difference in the temperatures between a normal eardrum and an eardrum with perforation or chronic otitis media measured using the ITMT. […] A meta-analysis was conducted using data from 4 nonrandomized studies. It was found that tympanic membrane perforation or chronic otitis media without acute inflammation did not affect the temperature measurement using ITMT in adults.

• #25 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #26 Ruptured Eardrum & Perforated Eardrum Treatment – ENT Center of Utah

  https://entcenterutah.com/adult-care/hearing/perforated-eardrum-ruptured-eardrum/

  A perforated eardrum means that there is a hole in the eardrum. This can happen for a variety of reasons. In many cases a perforated eardrum my never have healed on its own and is chronic. In such cases hearing loss or infections may occur. […] A ruptured eardrum is an eardrum that abruptly bursts. This can happen due to trauma or infection. After an acute rupture, the eardrum typically heals by itself within a few weeks but that does not mean you should not go see your doctor, because a ruptured eardrum can result in hearing loss and can lead to infections or injury to the delicate mechanisms of your middle ear. […] Most hearing loss due to an acutely ruptured eardrum is temporary. Normal hearing returns usually after the eardrum heals. In cases where a perforated tympanic membrane does not heal, there may be continued hearing loss.

• #27 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane. A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. Pain is usually not persistent. […] The causes of perforated eardrum are usually from trauma (injury) or infection. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum resulting in a perforation. In this circumstance, there maybe infected or bloody drainage from the ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. […] Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Usually, the larger the perforation, the greater the loss of hearing.

• #28 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #29 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  If the perforated eardrum is due to a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and ringing in the ear (tinnitus) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons) may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] Surgery is typically quite successful in closing the perforation permanently, and improving hearing.

• #30 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane. A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. Pain is usually not persistent. […] The causes of perforated eardrum are usually from trauma (injury) or infection. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum resulting in a perforation. In this circumstance, there maybe infected or bloody drainage from the ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. […] Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Usually, the larger the perforation, the greater the loss of hearing.

• #31 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #32 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane. A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. Pain is usually not persistent. […] The causes of perforated eardrum are usually from trauma (injury) or infection. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum resulting in a perforation. In this circumstance, there maybe infected or bloody drainage from the ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. […] Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Usually, the larger the perforation, the greater the loss of hearing.

• #33 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #34 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  If the perforated eardrum is due to a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and ringing in the ear (tinnitus) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons) may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] Surgery is typically quite successful in closing the perforation permanently, and improving hearing.

• #35 Ruptured Eardrum & Perforated Eardrum Treatment – ENT Center of Utah

  https://entcenterutah.com/adult-care/hearing/perforated-eardrum-ruptured-eardrum/

  If an acute tear or hole in your eardrum does not heal by itself or in cases of longstanding hole in the eardrum treatment may include offering a surgical procedure to help the hole heal. Surgery to patch a hole in the eardrum is called a tympanoplasty. Tissue from the patient is used as a graft to patch the hole. A variety of techniques may be used depending on the size of the hole, location, and if other factors such as reconnecting hearing bones, is needed in the surgery. Surgery often is offered if hearing loss due to the hole exists, frequent infections occur or skin enters into the middle ear causing a Cholesteatoma. Your physician will help guide you to if surgery is a good option for you.

• #36 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  A perforated eardrum is a hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane which separates the ear canal and the middle ear. The medical term for eardrum is tympanic membrane. A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. Pain is usually not persistent. […] The causes of perforated eardrum are usually from trauma (injury) or infection. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum resulting in a perforation. In this circumstance, there maybe infected or bloody drainage from the ear. […] Most eardrum perforations heal spontaneously within weeks after rupture, although some may take up to several months. […] Those eardrum perforations which do not heal on their own may require surgery. […] Usually, the larger the perforation, the greater the loss of hearing.

• #37 Perforated Eardrum

  http://www.drrobertoliver.com/what-we-do/sinus-and-ent/perforated-eardrum

  A hole or rupture in the eardrum, a thin membrane that separates the ear canal and the middle ear, is called a perforated eardrum. […] A perforated eardrum is often accompanied by decreased hearing and occasional discharge. […] Middle ear infections may cause pain, hearing loss, and spontaneous rupture (tear) of the eardrum, resulting in a perforation. […] Most eardrum perforations heal on their own within weeks of rupture, although some may take several months to heal. […] Usually the size of the perforation determines the level of hearing loss – a larger hole will cause greater hearing loss than a smaller hole. […] If the perforated eardrum is caused by a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing, or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, an otolaryngologist may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] There are a variety of surgical techniques, but most involve grafting skin tissue across the perforation to allow healing.

• #38 Perforated eardrum – Dr Murali Mahadevan – ENT Surgeon

  https://www.entdoctor.co.nz/pages/eardrum.htm

  If the perforated eardrum is due to a sudden traumatic or explosive event, the loss of hearing can be great and ringing in the ear (tinnitus) may be severe. […] The benefits of closing a perforation include prevention of water entering the ear while showering, bathing or swimming (which could cause ear infection), improved hearing, and diminished tinnitus. […] If the perforation is very small, otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons) may choose to observe the perforation over time to see if it will close spontaneously. […] Surgery is typically quite successful in closing the perforation permanently, and improving hearing.

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