Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Pediatric white blood cell disorders – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20352674

  Children with pediatric white blood cell disorders have too few or too many white blood cells. […] A low white blood cell count, also called leukopenia, means having too few leukocytes in the blood. A long-term low white blood cell count raises the risk of infections. […] A high white blood cell count, also called leukocytosis, means having too many leukocytes in the blood. This most often is from an infection. […] Symptoms depend on the type of white blood cell and whether there are too few or too many of them. Symptoms might be those of infections, conditions in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, called autoimmune conditions, allergies and certain cancers.

• #2 White Blood Cell Disorders | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms depend on the type of white blood cell disorder a child has. It’s important to obtain an accurate diagnosis from your child’s physician. Common symptoms when white blood cells disorders include: […] Certain conditions can have unique symptoms, such as delayed wound healing in leukocyte adhesion deficiency and chronic, sometimes greasy, diarrhea in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. […] Patients present with infections and mouth sores early in life.

• #2 White Blood Cell Disorders (Pediatric) | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders-pediatric

  Two major types of white blood cell disorders are proliferative disorders and leukopenias. […] In leukopenias, there is a decrease in the number of white blood cells, which can be caused by cells being destroyed by an illness or by other conditions. […] Both leukopenia and neutropenia can cause deficiency in the immune system, which can increase risk of infection. […] An increase in the number of white blood cells in circulation is called leukocytosis. Leukocytosis can be caused by inflammation and other disorders that result in increased bone marrow production (which leads to greater production of WBCS), too many WBCs being released from bone marrow all at once, or disorders that prevent WBCs from attaching to tissues and being absorbed by the bodys tissues.

• #3 Low white blood cell count (neutropenia) | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/low-white-blood-cell-count

  Leukopenia and neutropenia do not cause any symptoms. People with cancer usually find out they have low white blood cell counts from a blood test or when they get an infection. An infection can start in almost any part of the body, but many occur in the skin, mucous membranes, digestive tract or respiratory tract. […] The most common signs and symptoms of an infection include: fever and chills, swelling and redness, mouth sores, red or white patches in the mouth, sore throat, severe cough or shortness of breath, pain or burning when urinating or foul-smelling urine, diarrhea, pain, redness or swelling of the rectal area, drainage, pus, redness or swelling from a cut, sore, incision, venous access device or drainage tube, unusual vaginal discharge or itching. […] Sometimes a fever is the only sign of infection, but a person can have an infection without having a fever or chills.

• #4 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #5 Low white blood cell count

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/low-white-blood-cell-count/

  A low white blood cell count usually means your body is not making enough white blood cells. It can increase your risk of getting infections. […] A low white blood cell count does not always cause any symptoms. […] The main symptom is getting frequent infections. Signs of an infection may include: a high temperature, chills and shivering, sore throat, mouth sores that keep coming back, toothache, skin rashes, tiredness, flu-like symptoms. […] Occasionally, infections can lead to a life-threatening condition called sepsis.

• #6 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #7 Neutropenia (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/neutropenia.html

  Neutropenia is when the blood doesn’t have enough of a type of white blood cell. These cells, called neutrophils, fight bacteria. Bacteria are germs that cause infections. Without enough neutrophils, serious infections can happen. […] Most children with neutropenia need medical care right away if they have any signs of an infection. Common signs include fevers, spreading redness around a cut, and shivering or chills. With quick treatment, most infections in children with neutropenia get better. […] Compared with other kids, a child with neutropenia may have infections more often, that are more severe, that get worse quickly. The symptoms depend on what kind of infection the child has (for example, ear pain in a child with an ear infection). […] It’s important to find care right away if kids with neutropenia have any signs of infection. Quick treatment usually helps them get better. Call the doctor right away if you see any signs or symptoms of an infection, such as a fever above 100.4F (38C), chills and/or sweats, coughing, shortness of breath, mouth sores, sore throat, pain when peeing, red area around a break in the skin, vomiting or diarrhea, new pain.

• #8 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) make too many activated immune cells, called macrophages and lymphocytes, to fight infections. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged (swollen) liver or spleen, fever, fewer red blood cells, and problems with the nervous system. […] Children who have a deficiency of the immune system can get infections often. They may get ear infections, sore throats, pneumonia, diarrhea (watery stool), and fevers. […] They also may take longer than normal to get better from an infection. They may grow more slowly than other children. Infections in children with SCID can be serious and life-threatening. They must be treated right away.

• #9 White Blood Cell Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/white-blood-cell-disorders-overview-4013280

  Symptoms of white blood cell disorders can vary based on the underlying cause, although some people may be asymptomatic (without symptoms). If symptoms develop, they can often be non-specific. There can even be an overlap in symptoms between leukopenia and leukocytosis. […] […] Leukopenia: Fever, Chills, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Sweating, A general feeling of unwellness, Mouth or skin sores, Body aches, Cough, Sore throat, Trouble breathing. […] […] Leukocytosis: Fever, Bleeding or bruising, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Sweating, Pain or tingling in the legs, arms, or abdomen, Vision problems, Unclear thinking, Loss of appetite, Trouble breathing.

• #10

  https://www.nicklauschildrens.org/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms depend on the type of white cell abnormality. […] When there are too few, or they don’t function properly, children often present with recurrent infections (often of the ears, sinuses or lungs), and skin infections (pustules/abscesses), delayed wound healing, mouth sores, gum disease or fungal infections.

• #11 Low White Blood Cell Count: Causes and Solutions

  https://www.webmd.com/cancer/white-blood-cell-count-low

  Low White Blood Cell Count Symptoms […] You may not have any symptoms from having a low WBC count, but it leaves you prone to infections. As a result, you could have: […] Fever […] Rashes […] Mouth ulcers that don’t heal […] Sores around the anus […] Pneumonia and other severe illnesses […] Tiredness […] You may have these symptoms suddenly, a few days after getting a low WBC count, or after a longer period. Symptoms could come and go if your WBC count is rising and falling, due to say, a medication dose. […] […] A blood test that shows a WBC count of less than 4,000 per microliter (some labs say less than 4,500) could mean your body may not be able to fight infection the way it should. A low number is called leukopenia or neutropenia. Leukopenia can either be acute or chronic. […] […] Neutropenia is often a side effect of cancer-fighting drugs or radiation therapy. These kill cells, both the healthy and unhealthy ones. Neutropenia could also be the result of an autoimmune disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, or a bone marrow disease like leukemia.

• #12 Neutropenia | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/neutropenia

  Neutropenia is a rare disorder that causes children to have lower than normal levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that destroys bacteria in the blood and helps protect against infections. Neutropenia can be a very serious condition. Without enough neutrophils, the body is susceptible to bacterial infections that can become life-threatening. […] Children with neutropenia tend to develop infections easily because their white blood cell count is too low to ward off bacteria. Most infections occur in the lungs, mouth, throat, ears, sinuses and skin. Some patients experience painful mouth ulcers and disease of the tissue surrounding the teeth, as well as infections of the urinary tract, colon, rectum or reproductive tract. […] Other symptoms include: Fever, Shaking chills, Sore throat, Cough or shortness of breath, Nasal congestion, Diarrhea or loose bowels, Burning during urination.

• #13 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #14 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #15 Pediatric White Blood Cell Disorders – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  The specific type of white blood cell disorder a child has will influence their symptoms. Its essential to obtain an accurate diagnosis from your childs doctor. Common signs of white blood cell issues may include: […] Certain conditions, such as leukocyte adhesion deficiency which leads to delayed wound healing and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome which causes chronic, sometimes oily diarrhea present unique symptoms. […] Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low count of neutrophils in the blood, which can be either congenital (genetically inherited) or acquired (resulting from medications, toxins, viral infections, or an autoimmune response). Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare genetic disorder marked by pancreatic dysfunction and congenital neutropenia, where neutrophils are produced in insufficient amounts. Kostmann syndrome, a more severe type of congenital neutropenia, results in a near absence of neutrophils due to improper maturation. Individuals with this condition frequently suffer from infections and mouth sores early in life.

• #16 Pediatric White Blood Cell Disorders – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  The specific type of white blood cell disorder a child has will influence their symptoms. Its essential to obtain an accurate diagnosis from your childs doctor. Common signs of white blood cell issues may include: […] Certain conditions, such as leukocyte adhesion deficiency which leads to delayed wound healing and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome which causes chronic, sometimes oily diarrhea present unique symptoms. […] Neutropenia is a condition characterized by a low count of neutrophils in the blood, which can be either congenital (genetically inherited) or acquired (resulting from medications, toxins, viral infections, or an autoimmune response). Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare genetic disorder marked by pancreatic dysfunction and congenital neutropenia, where neutrophils are produced in insufficient amounts. Kostmann syndrome, a more severe type of congenital neutropenia, results in a near absence of neutrophils due to improper maturation. Individuals with this condition frequently suffer from infections and mouth sores early in life.

• #17 Neutropenia (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/neutropenia.html

  Neutropenia is when the blood doesn’t have enough of a type of white blood cell. These cells, called neutrophils, fight bacteria. Bacteria are germs that cause infections. Without enough neutrophils, serious infections can happen. […] Most children with neutropenia need medical care right away if they have any signs of an infection. Common signs include fevers, spreading redness around a cut, and shivering or chills. With quick treatment, most infections in children with neutropenia get better. […] Compared with other kids, a child with neutropenia may have infections more often, that are more severe, that get worse quickly. The symptoms depend on what kind of infection the child has (for example, ear pain in a child with an ear infection). […] It’s important to find care right away if kids with neutropenia have any signs of infection. Quick treatment usually helps them get better. Call the doctor right away if you see any signs or symptoms of an infection, such as a fever above 100.4F (38C), chills and/or sweats, coughing, shortness of breath, mouth sores, sore throat, pain when peeing, red area around a break in the skin, vomiting or diarrhea, new pain.

• #18 Neutropenia in Children (Low Neutrophils) | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/neutropenia/

  Neutropenia is a condition in which the body does not have enough neutrophils a type of white blood cell that helps the body to fight bacterial infections. […] Neutropenia is diagnosed if the ANC is less than 1500/L. It is important to note, however, that only those patients who have severe, chronic neutropenia are likely to develop life-threatening infections. […] In addition to a laboratory assessment, neutropenia patients may have a history of frequent/recurrent infections, lung infections, chronic ear infections, skin infections, serious infections (e.g., meningitis, or bone infections) or chronic mouth ulcers. […] What Are the Symptoms of Neutropenia? […] Frequent infections […] Serious respiratory infections, including pneumonia or sinus infections […] Skin infections (e.g., cellulitis, abscesses) […] Multiple serious infections (e.g., meningitis, bone infections) […] Lymph node infections […] Gum disease […] Mouth sores/ulcers […] Vaginal, urethral rectal ulcers.

• #19 Neutropenia in Children (Low Neutrophils) | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/neutropenia/

  Neutropenia is a condition in which the body does not have enough neutrophils a type of white blood cell that helps the body to fight bacterial infections. […] Neutropenia is diagnosed if the ANC is less than 1500/L. It is important to note, however, that only those patients who have severe, chronic neutropenia are likely to develop life-threatening infections. […] In addition to a laboratory assessment, neutropenia patients may have a history of frequent/recurrent infections, lung infections, chronic ear infections, skin infections, serious infections (e.g., meningitis, or bone infections) or chronic mouth ulcers. […] What Are the Symptoms of Neutropenia? […] Frequent infections […] Serious respiratory infections, including pneumonia or sinus infections […] Skin infections (e.g., cellulitis, abscesses) […] Multiple serious infections (e.g., meningitis, bone infections) […] Lymph node infections […] Gum disease […] Mouth sores/ulcers […] Vaginal, urethral rectal ulcers.

• #20 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #21 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #22 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #23 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #24 Neutropenia in Children (Low Neutrophils) | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/neutropenia/

  Neutropenia is a condition in which the body does not have enough neutrophils a type of white blood cell that helps the body to fight bacterial infections. […] Neutropenia is diagnosed if the ANC is less than 1500/L. It is important to note, however, that only those patients who have severe, chronic neutropenia are likely to develop life-threatening infections. […] In addition to a laboratory assessment, neutropenia patients may have a history of frequent/recurrent infections, lung infections, chronic ear infections, skin infections, serious infections (e.g., meningitis, or bone infections) or chronic mouth ulcers. […] What Are the Symptoms of Neutropenia? […] Frequent infections […] Serious respiratory infections, including pneumonia or sinus infections […] Skin infections (e.g., cellulitis, abscesses) […] Multiple serious infections (e.g., meningitis, bone infections) […] Lymph node infections […] Gum disease […] Mouth sores/ulcers […] Vaginal, urethral rectal ulcers.

• #25 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Cyclic neutropenia is a rare blood disorder that causes episodes of low levels of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the body. Neutrophils are vital to fighting infection by surrounding and destroying bacteria that enter the body. Symptoms of cyclic neutropenia may include fever, a feeling of poor health, as well as possible ulcers (sores) in the mouth. Children with cyclic neutropenia are vulnerable to recurrent infections. […] Signs of cyclic neutropenia usually appear at birth or shortly after. This condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of neutropenia and last between three to five days. During episodes of neutropenia, it may be more difficult for the body to fight infections. The severity of the resulting infections can vary and are often similar to the severity of the neutropenia itself.

• #26 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #27 Pediatric white blood cell disorders – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20352674

  Children with pediatric white blood cell disorders have too few or too many white blood cells. […] A low white blood cell count, also called leukopenia, means having too few leukocytes in the blood. A long-term low white blood cell count raises the risk of infections. […] A high white blood cell count, also called leukocytosis, means having too many leukocytes in the blood. This most often is from an infection. […] Symptoms depend on the type of white blood cell and whether there are too few or too many of them. Symptoms might be those of infections, conditions in which the immune system attacks healthy tissues, called autoimmune conditions, allergies and certain cancers.

• #28 White Blood Cell Disorders (Pediatric) | ColumbiaDoctors

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/treatments-conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders-pediatric

  Two major types of white blood cell disorders are proliferative disorders and leukopenias. […] In leukopenias, there is a decrease in the number of white blood cells, which can be caused by cells being destroyed by an illness or by other conditions. […] Both leukopenia and neutropenia can cause deficiency in the immune system, which can increase risk of infection. […] An increase in the number of white blood cells in circulation is called leukocytosis. Leukocytosis can be caused by inflammation and other disorders that result in increased bone marrow production (which leads to greater production of WBCS), too many WBCs being released from bone marrow all at once, or disorders that prevent WBCs from attaching to tissues and being absorbed by the bodys tissues.

• #29 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #30 Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p1004.html

  Leukocytosis may herald a malignant disorder, such as an acute or chronic leukemia, or a myeloproliferative disorder. […] Symptoms include bruising/bleeding tendency, fatigue, weakness, fever, immunosuppression, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss. […] Patients with features suggestive of hematologic malignancies require prompt referral to a hematologist/oncologist.

• #31 White Blood Cell Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/white-blood-cell-disorders-overview-4013280

  Symptoms of white blood cell disorders can vary based on the underlying cause, although some people may be asymptomatic (without symptoms). If symptoms develop, they can often be non-specific. There can even be an overlap in symptoms between leukopenia and leukocytosis. […] […] Leukopenia: Fever, Chills, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Sweating, A general feeling of unwellness, Mouth or skin sores, Body aches, Cough, Sore throat, Trouble breathing. […] […] Leukocytosis: Fever, Bleeding or bruising, Fatigue, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Sweating, Pain or tingling in the legs, arms, or abdomen, Vision problems, Unclear thinking, Loss of appetite, Trouble breathing.

• #32 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #33 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #34 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #35 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #36 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #37 White Blood Cell Disorders | Blood Disorders

  https://health.ucdavis.edu/conditions/white-blood-cell-disorders

  Symptoms vary based on the underlying cause and whether you have too many or too few white blood cells. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukocytosis: Bleeding or bruising, Dizziness or vision problems, Fatigue, Fever and sweating, Loss of appetite, Pain in your abdomen, arms or legs, Trouble breathing. […] These symptoms could be signs of leukopenia: Body aches, Chills and fever, Cough and sore throat, Dizziness, Fatigue, Sores on your mouth or skin, Trouble breathing.

• #38 White blood cell disorder in children | ABC Medical Center

  https://centromedicoabc.com/en/padecimientos/white-blood-cell-disorder-in-children/

  Your child may have a low white blood cell count (leukopenia) that reduces their body’s ability to fight infections or have a high number of leukocytes circulating in the blood, generally due to an infectious condition, an autoimmune response of the body, or the presence of cancer. […] The symptoms depend on the cause but generally include: Weakness. Abdominal pain. Chills. Skin rash. Exhaustion. High fever. Swollen lymph nodes. Dizziness. Loss of consciousness. Trouble breathing. Coughing fits. Mouth ulcers. […] The treatment to follow will depend on the symptoms, the type of white blood cell disorder, and its severity, which may include: Antibiotics. Medications that help stimulate the production of white blood cells from the bone marrow. Bone marrow transplant.

• #39 White blood cell disorder in children | ABC Medical Center

  https://centromedicoabc.com/en/padecimientos/white-blood-cell-disorder-in-children/

  Your child may have a low white blood cell count (leukopenia) that reduces their body’s ability to fight infections or have a high number of leukocytes circulating in the blood, generally due to an infectious condition, an autoimmune response of the body, or the presence of cancer. […] The symptoms depend on the cause but generally include: Weakness. Abdominal pain. Chills. Skin rash. Exhaustion. High fever. Swollen lymph nodes. Dizziness. Loss of consciousness. Trouble breathing. Coughing fits. Mouth ulcers. […] The treatment to follow will depend on the symptoms, the type of white blood cell disorder, and its severity, which may include: Antibiotics. Medications that help stimulate the production of white blood cells from the bone marrow. Bone marrow transplant.

• #40 Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p1004.html

  An elevated white blood cell count has many potential etiologies, including malignant and nonmalignant causes. […] Symptoms suggestive of a hematologic malignancy include fever, weight loss, bruising, or fatigue. […] Leukocytosis greater than 100,000 per mm3 is almost always caused by leukemias or myeloproliferative disorders. […] The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia (an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3), which can arise from infections, stressful conditions, chronic inflammation, medication use, and other causes. […] Lymphocytosis can occur in patients with pertussis, syphilis, viral infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and certain subtypes of leukemia or lymphoma. […] Eosinophilia may suggest allergic conditions such as asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis or eosinophilic esophagitis, drug reactions, dermatologic conditions, malignancies, connective tissue disease, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, or parasitic infections.

• #41 Pediatric White Blood Cell Disorders – Vejthani Hospital | JCI Accredited International Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

  https://www.vejthani.com/diseases-conditions/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  Eosinophilia is an uncommon condition characterized by an elevated number of eosinophils in the blood, typically triggered by signals from other cells requesting increased eosinophil production. In contrast, neutrophilia refers to a higher than normal number of neutrophils in the blood, most often acquired in response to infections or medication. While infections and drugs are the primary causes, there are also some less common triggers.

• #42 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #43 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #44 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #45 Neutrophilia: Diagnosis, Causes, Symptoms & What It Is

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22367-neutrophilia

  Neutrophilia happens when your body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections. These symptoms may be signs of an underlying condition. […] Neutrophilia itself typically doesnt have symptoms. A high white blood cell count may be a sign of underlying conditions that may cause symptoms such as: A temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher. Feeling weak or tired. Feeling dizzy or faint. Recurring infections. Sores that dont heal. Swollen or painful joints. […] If you have neutrophilia, your prognosis, or expected outcome, depends on the underlying cause. Talk to your healthcare provider about your specific case and what you can expect from treatment.

• #46

  https://homeopathyaajtak.com/diseases/all/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders-721

  Lymphocytopenia (lim-foe-sie-toe-PEE-nee-uh) is a decrease in lymphocytes, the type of white blood cell that, among other tasks, protects your body from viral infections. Lymphocytopenia can result from an inherited syndrome, be associated with certain diseases, or be a side effect from medications or other treatments. […] Monocytes help get rid of dead or damaged tissue and regulate your body’s immune response. Infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases and other conditions can cause an increased number of monocytes. A decreased number can be the result of toxins, chemotherapy and other causes. […] Eosinophilia (e-o-sin-o-FIL-e-uh) is a higher than normal number of eosinophil cells, a type of disease-fighting white blood cell. Eosinophilia can be caused by a variety of conditions and disorders, most commonly by an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection.

• #47 Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p1004.html

  An elevated white blood cell count has many potential etiologies, including malignant and nonmalignant causes. […] Symptoms suggestive of a hematologic malignancy include fever, weight loss, bruising, or fatigue. […] Leukocytosis greater than 100,000 per mm3 is almost always caused by leukemias or myeloproliferative disorders. […] The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia (an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3), which can arise from infections, stressful conditions, chronic inflammation, medication use, and other causes. […] Lymphocytosis can occur in patients with pertussis, syphilis, viral infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and certain subtypes of leukemia or lymphoma. […] Eosinophilia may suggest allergic conditions such as asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis or eosinophilic esophagitis, drug reactions, dermatologic conditions, malignancies, connective tissue disease, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, or parasitic infections.

• #48 Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2015/1201/p1004.html

  An elevated white blood cell count has many potential etiologies, including malignant and nonmalignant causes. […] Symptoms suggestive of a hematologic malignancy include fever, weight loss, bruising, or fatigue. […] Leukocytosis greater than 100,000 per mm3 is almost always caused by leukemias or myeloproliferative disorders. […] The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia (an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3), which can arise from infections, stressful conditions, chronic inflammation, medication use, and other causes. […] Lymphocytosis can occur in patients with pertussis, syphilis, viral infections, hypersensitivity reactions, and certain subtypes of leukemia or lymphoma. […] Eosinophilia may suggest allergic conditions such as asthma, urticaria, atopic dermatitis or eosinophilic esophagitis, drug reactions, dermatologic conditions, malignancies, connective tissue disease, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, or parasitic infections.

• #49

  https://homeopathyaajtak.com/diseases/all/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders-721

  Lymphocytopenia (lim-foe-sie-toe-PEE-nee-uh) is a decrease in lymphocytes, the type of white blood cell that, among other tasks, protects your body from viral infections. Lymphocytopenia can result from an inherited syndrome, be associated with certain diseases, or be a side effect from medications or other treatments. […] Monocytes help get rid of dead or damaged tissue and regulate your body’s immune response. Infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases and other conditions can cause an increased number of monocytes. A decreased number can be the result of toxins, chemotherapy and other causes. […] Eosinophilia (e-o-sin-o-FIL-e-uh) is a higher than normal number of eosinophil cells, a type of disease-fighting white blood cell. Eosinophilia can be caused by a variety of conditions and disorders, most commonly by an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection.

• #50

  https://homeopathyaajtak.com/diseases/all/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders-721

  Basophils account for only a small number of white blood cells, but they have a role in wound healing, infection and allergic reactions. A decreased number of basophils can result from allergic reactions or infections. An increased number can be caused by certain types of blood cancer or other disorders.

• #51 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  At MSK Kids, children with rare blood disorders are cared for by world-renowned experts who are committed to quality of life. […] We offer information to describe the causes and symptoms of pediatric immunodeficiencies and white blood cell disorders. […] Disorders of the immune system may make your child more likely to get infections. […] Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder, which means it’s caused by mutations (changes) in genes. It affects infection-fighting immune cells. Children with SCID are very likely to get severe infections. […] Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) lower the number of immune cells, which fight infection. This makes it harder for your child’s body to fight infections. […] Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) can make your child’s immune system overactive. This makes it more likely they get an inflammatory or autoimmune disorder.

• #52 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  At MSK Kids, children with rare blood disorders are cared for by world-renowned experts who are committed to quality of life. […] We offer information to describe the causes and symptoms of pediatric immunodeficiencies and white blood cell disorders. […] Disorders of the immune system may make your child more likely to get infections. […] Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder, which means it’s caused by mutations (changes) in genes. It affects infection-fighting immune cells. Children with SCID are very likely to get severe infections. […] Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) lower the number of immune cells, which fight infection. This makes it harder for your child’s body to fight infections. […] Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) can make your child’s immune system overactive. This makes it more likely they get an inflammatory or autoimmune disorder.

• #53 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with inherited hyper IgM syndrome (also known as CD40 ligand deficiency), have higher than normal levels of an immune protein called immunoglobulin M (IgM). […] This primary immunodeficiency can make a child more likely to get bacterial and other infections. They can get infections of the eyes, respiratory tract (airways where air passes during breathing), middle ear, and skin, among other locations. […] Chronic benign neutropenia (CBN) is also known as chronic idiopathic neutropenia or autoimmune neutropenia. […] Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fight back against infection. […] Children who have low phagocyte levels due to CGD are more prone to bacterial and fungal infections. […] Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) causes low levels of immunoglobulins (Ig).

• #54 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with inherited hyper IgM syndrome (also known as CD40 ligand deficiency), have higher than normal levels of an immune protein called immunoglobulin M (IgM). […] This primary immunodeficiency can make a child more likely to get bacterial and other infections. They can get infections of the eyes, respiratory tract (airways where air passes during breathing), middle ear, and skin, among other locations. […] Chronic benign neutropenia (CBN) is also known as chronic idiopathic neutropenia or autoimmune neutropenia. […] Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fight back against infection. […] Children who have low phagocyte levels due to CGD are more prone to bacterial and fungal infections. […] Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) causes low levels of immunoglobulins (Ig).

• #55 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  This disorder makes people more likely to get infections, especially in the sinuses, lungs, and digestive system. […] In children with cyclic neutropenia a rare disorder that may be inherited or acquired later in life, the level of white blood cells called neutrophils fluctuates and sometimes drops to very low levels. […] When the number of neutrophils is too low, your child may experience infections, including fever, skin infections, mouth sores, and sore throat. […] In children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), a rare inherited primary immune deficiency, leukocytes lack a certain protein on their surfaces that they need to work properly. […] As a result, they cannot fight off bacteria and other invaders the way healthy leukocytes do, and children are prone to infections. […] Children with diabetes and myeloperoxidase deficiency (MPO deficiency) are more prone to infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

• #56 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) make too many activated immune cells, called macrophages and lymphocytes, to fight infections. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged (swollen) liver or spleen, fever, fewer red blood cells, and problems with the nervous system. […] Children who have a deficiency of the immune system can get infections often. They may get ear infections, sore throats, pneumonia, diarrhea (watery stool), and fevers. […] They also may take longer than normal to get better from an infection. They may grow more slowly than other children. Infections in children with SCID can be serious and life-threatening. They must be treated right away.

• #57 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  This disorder makes people more likely to get infections, especially in the sinuses, lungs, and digestive system. […] In children with cyclic neutropenia a rare disorder that may be inherited or acquired later in life, the level of white blood cells called neutrophils fluctuates and sometimes drops to very low levels. […] When the number of neutrophils is too low, your child may experience infections, including fever, skin infections, mouth sores, and sore throat. […] In children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), a rare inherited primary immune deficiency, leukocytes lack a certain protein on their surfaces that they need to work properly. […] As a result, they cannot fight off bacteria and other invaders the way healthy leukocytes do, and children are prone to infections. […] Children with diabetes and myeloperoxidase deficiency (MPO deficiency) are more prone to infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

• #58 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  This disorder makes people more likely to get infections, especially in the sinuses, lungs, and digestive system. […] In children with cyclic neutropenia a rare disorder that may be inherited or acquired later in life, the level of white blood cells called neutrophils fluctuates and sometimes drops to very low levels. […] When the number of neutrophils is too low, your child may experience infections, including fever, skin infections, mouth sores, and sore throat. […] In children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), a rare inherited primary immune deficiency, leukocytes lack a certain protein on their surfaces that they need to work properly. […] As a result, they cannot fight off bacteria and other invaders the way healthy leukocytes do, and children are prone to infections. […] Children with diabetes and myeloperoxidase deficiency (MPO deficiency) are more prone to infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

• #59 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) make too many activated immune cells, called macrophages and lymphocytes, to fight infections. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged (swollen) liver or spleen, fever, fewer red blood cells, and problems with the nervous system. […] Children who have a deficiency of the immune system can get infections often. They may get ear infections, sore throats, pneumonia, diarrhea (watery stool), and fevers. […] They also may take longer than normal to get better from an infection. They may grow more slowly than other children. Infections in children with SCID can be serious and life-threatening. They must be treated right away.

• #60 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder. It can make your child have a low number of T cells and B cells, or none at all. […] SCID lowers the number of normal, healthy white blood cells and other immune cells. That makes it more likely a child will get infections. […] Children with SCN develop serious infections as early as infancy or later in life. […] This inherited disorder is caused by a genetic mutation and leads to very low levels of white blood cells called neutrophils. […] Children with this disorder have an increased tendency to bleed and bruise. They are more likely to get infections and have a higher risk for certain cancers, such as lymphoma (a blood cancer). […] Children with ALPS make too many white blood cells called lymphocytes. […] This causes enlargement (swelling) of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), liver (hepatomegaly), and spleen (splenomegaly).

• #61 Leukemia | Children’s Mercy Kansas City

  https://www.childrensmercy.org/departments-and-clinics/division-of-pediatric-hematology-oncology-and-blood-and-marrow-transplantation/cancer-center/leukemia-and-lymphoma-program/understanding-leukemia/

  Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is the most common cancer diagnosis seen in children and affects approximately 4,000 children every year in the United States. […] Most patients diagnosed with pediatric leukemia have only had symptoms for days or weeks. […] This accounts for many of the symptoms of leukemia, including bruising, bleeding, fatigue, and having pale skin. […] Fever is a common complaint with leukemia, and frequently children are thought to have an infection before leukemia is discovered. […] Many patients with leukemia develop anemia as the leukemia cells prevent the body from making red blood cells. This can cause fatigue and lead to pale skin. Patients also have trouble making platelets, which are cells that help the blood to clot. Therefore, bruising and bleeding are frequent symptoms of leukemia. […] As leukemia cells grow rapidly in the bone marrow, they can cause bone pain and difficulty walking or limping. Other symptoms of leukemia include swollen lymph nodes or an enlarged liver and/or spleen.

• #62 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Many of the symptoms of childhood leukemia can have other causes as well, and most often these symptoms are not caused by leukemia. Overall, the signs and symptoms of leukemia can affect boys and girls and do not differ by sex or gender. […] If your child has any of the symptoms below, its important to have your child seen by a doctor so the cause can be found and treated, if needed. […] The symptoms of leukemia are often caused by problems in the bone marrow. As leukemia cells build up in the marrow, they can crowd out the normal blood cells. As a result, a child may not have enough normal red blood cells, white blood cells, and blood platelets. These shortages show up on blood tests, but they can also cause symptoms. […] Symptoms from a lack of normal white blood cells: White blood cells help the body fight off germs. Children with leukemia often have high white blood cell counts, but most of these are leukemia cells that dont protect against infection, and there arent enough normal white blood cells. This can lead to:

• #63 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Infections, which can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells. Children with leukemia can get infections that dont seem to go away, or they may get one infection after another. […] Fever, which is often the main sign of infection. But some children might have a fever without having an infection. […] Bone or joint pain: This pain is caused by the buildup of leukemia cells near the surface of the bone or inside the joint. […] Swelling of the abdomen (belly): Leukemia cells can collect in the liver and spleen, making these organs bigger. This might be noticed as a fullness or swelling of the belly. […] Loss of appetite and weight loss: If the spleen and/or liver get big enough, they can press against other organs like the stomach. This can make the child feel full after eating only a small amount of food, leading to a loss of appetite and weight loss over time.

• #64 Pediatric Leukemias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pediatric-leukemias

  Children with leukemia can have fevers and trouble fighting infections. […] Children with leukemia can be pale and tired. […] Children with leukemia can bruise and bleed easily. […] The following are the most common symptoms of leukemia. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Anemia. When red blood cells are unable to be produced because of the crowding in the marrow, anemia is present. […] Bleeding and/or bruising. When platelets are unable to be produced because of the crowding in the marrow, bleeding can occur and the child may begin to bruise more easily. […] Recurrent infections. Although there may be an unusually high number of white blood cells on the blood count of a child with leukemia, these white blood cells are immature and do not fight infection.

• #65 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Infections, which can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells. Children with leukemia can get infections that dont seem to go away, or they may get one infection after another. […] Fever, which is often the main sign of infection. But some children might have a fever without having an infection. […] Bone or joint pain: This pain is caused by the buildup of leukemia cells near the surface of the bone or inside the joint. […] Swelling of the abdomen (belly): Leukemia cells can collect in the liver and spleen, making these organs bigger. This might be noticed as a fullness or swelling of the belly. […] Loss of appetite and weight loss: If the spleen and/or liver get big enough, they can press against other organs like the stomach. This can make the child feel full after eating only a small amount of food, leading to a loss of appetite and weight loss over time.

• #66 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Infections, which can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells. Children with leukemia can get infections that dont seem to go away, or they may get one infection after another. […] Fever, which is often the main sign of infection. But some children might have a fever without having an infection. […] Bone or joint pain: This pain is caused by the buildup of leukemia cells near the surface of the bone or inside the joint. […] Swelling of the abdomen (belly): Leukemia cells can collect in the liver and spleen, making these organs bigger. This might be noticed as a fullness or swelling of the belly. […] Loss of appetite and weight loss: If the spleen and/or liver get big enough, they can press against other organs like the stomach. This can make the child feel full after eating only a small amount of food, leading to a loss of appetite and weight loss over time.

• #67 Pediatric Leukemias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pediatric-leukemias

  Pain in bones and joints is another common symptom of leukemia. […] Abdominal pain may also be a symptom of leukemia. […] The child may also have swelling in the lymph nodes under the arms, in the groin, chest, or in the neck. […] With acute leukemia (ALL or AML), these symptoms may occur suddenly in a matter of days or weeks. […] With chronic leukemia (CML), these symptoms may develop slowly over months to years.

• #68 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Infections, which can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells. Children with leukemia can get infections that dont seem to go away, or they may get one infection after another. […] Fever, which is often the main sign of infection. But some children might have a fever without having an infection. […] Bone or joint pain: This pain is caused by the buildup of leukemia cells near the surface of the bone or inside the joint. […] Swelling of the abdomen (belly): Leukemia cells can collect in the liver and spleen, making these organs bigger. This might be noticed as a fullness or swelling of the belly. […] Loss of appetite and weight loss: If the spleen and/or liver get big enough, they can press against other organs like the stomach. This can make the child feel full after eating only a small amount of food, leading to a loss of appetite and weight loss over time.

• #69 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Infections, which can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells. Children with leukemia can get infections that dont seem to go away, or they may get one infection after another. […] Fever, which is often the main sign of infection. But some children might have a fever without having an infection. […] Bone or joint pain: This pain is caused by the buildup of leukemia cells near the surface of the bone or inside the joint. […] Swelling of the abdomen (belly): Leukemia cells can collect in the liver and spleen, making these organs bigger. This might be noticed as a fullness or swelling of the belly. […] Loss of appetite and weight loss: If the spleen and/or liver get big enough, they can press against other organs like the stomach. This can make the child feel full after eating only a small amount of food, leading to a loss of appetite and weight loss over time.

• #70 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Swollen lymph nodes: Some leukemias spread to lymph nodes, which are normally small (bean-sized) collections of immune cells in the body. Swollen nodes may be seen or felt as lumps under the skin in certain parts of the body (such as on the sides of the neck, in underarm areas, above the collarbone, or in the groin). […] Coughing or trouble breathing: Some types of leukemia can affect structures in the middle of the chest, such as lymph nodes or the thymus (a small organ in front of the trachea, the breathing tube that leads to the lungs). An enlarged thymus or lymph nodes in the chest can press on the trachea, causing coughing or trouble breathing. […] In some cases where the white blood cell count is very high, the leukemia cells can build up in the small blood vessels of the lungs, which can also cause trouble breathing.

• #71 Pediatric Leukemias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pediatric-leukemias

  Pain in bones and joints is another common symptom of leukemia. […] Abdominal pain may also be a symptom of leukemia. […] The child may also have swelling in the lymph nodes under the arms, in the groin, chest, or in the neck. […] With acute leukemia (ALL or AML), these symptoms may occur suddenly in a matter of days or weeks. […] With chronic leukemia (CML), these symptoms may develop slowly over months to years.

• #72 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Swollen lymph nodes: Some leukemias spread to lymph nodes, which are normally small (bean-sized) collections of immune cells in the body. Swollen nodes may be seen or felt as lumps under the skin in certain parts of the body (such as on the sides of the neck, in underarm areas, above the collarbone, or in the groin). […] Coughing or trouble breathing: Some types of leukemia can affect structures in the middle of the chest, such as lymph nodes or the thymus (a small organ in front of the trachea, the breathing tube that leads to the lungs). An enlarged thymus or lymph nodes in the chest can press on the trachea, causing coughing or trouble breathing. […] In some cases where the white blood cell count is very high, the leukemia cells can build up in the small blood vessels of the lungs, which can also cause trouble breathing.

• #73 Signs and Symptoms of Childhood Leukemia | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia-in-children/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Headaches, seizures, vomiting: A small number of children have leukemia that has already spread to the brain and spinal cord when it is first found. This can lead to symptoms such as headaches, trouble concentrating, weakness, seizures, vomiting, problems with balance, and blurred vision. […] Extreme fatigue and weakness: A rare but very serious consequence of AML is extreme tiredness, weakness, and slurring of speech. This can occur when very high numbers of leukemia cells thicken the blood and slow the circulation through small blood vessels of the brain.

• #74 Leukemia in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/cancer-and-blood-disorders-center/conditions-we-treat/leukemia

  Symptoms of leukemia depend on many factors. It might be in the bone marrow, blood, or other tissues and organs. These may include the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, spinal cord, gums, and skin. […] Symptoms can vary in each child and can include: Pale skin, Feeling tired, weak, or cold, Dizziness, Headaches, Shortness of breath or trouble breathing, Frequent infections or infections that don’t go away, Fever, Easy bruising or bleeding, many nosebleeds, or bleeding gums, Bone or joint pain, Small, flat, red spots under the skin, Belly (abdominal) swelling, No appetite, Weight loss, Swollen lymph glands (nodes) that may feel like firm bumps under the skin in the neck, armpits, or groin. […] Common symptoms of leukemia in children include feeling tired and weak, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent or long-lasting infections.

• #75 Leukemia in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/cancer-and-blood-disorders-center/conditions-we-treat/leukemia

  Symptoms of leukemia depend on many factors. It might be in the bone marrow, blood, or other tissues and organs. These may include the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, spinal cord, gums, and skin. […] Symptoms can vary in each child and can include: Pale skin, Feeling tired, weak, or cold, Dizziness, Headaches, Shortness of breath or trouble breathing, Frequent infections or infections that don’t go away, Fever, Easy bruising or bleeding, many nosebleeds, or bleeding gums, Bone or joint pain, Small, flat, red spots under the skin, Belly (abdominal) swelling, No appetite, Weight loss, Swollen lymph glands (nodes) that may feel like firm bumps under the skin in the neck, armpits, or groin. […] Common symptoms of leukemia in children include feeling tired and weak, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent or long-lasting infections.

• #76 Leukemia in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/cancer-and-blood-diseases/conditions/leukemia-in-children

  Symptoms of leukemia depend on many factors. It might be in the bone marrow, blood, or other tissues and organs. These may include the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, spinal cord, gums, and skin. […] Symptoms can vary in each child and can include: […] Common symptoms of leukemia in children include feeling tired and weak, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent or long-lasting infections.

• #77 Leukemia in Children | Valley Children’s Healthcare

  https://www.valleychildrens.org/services/cancer-and-blood-disorders-center/conditions-we-treat/leukemia

  Symptoms of leukemia depend on many factors. It might be in the bone marrow, blood, or other tissues and organs. These may include the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, thymus, brain, spinal cord, gums, and skin. […] Symptoms can vary in each child and can include: Pale skin, Feeling tired, weak, or cold, Dizziness, Headaches, Shortness of breath or trouble breathing, Frequent infections or infections that don’t go away, Fever, Easy bruising or bleeding, many nosebleeds, or bleeding gums, Bone or joint pain, Small, flat, red spots under the skin, Belly (abdominal) swelling, No appetite, Weight loss, Swollen lymph glands (nodes) that may feel like firm bumps under the skin in the neck, armpits, or groin. […] Common symptoms of leukemia in children include feeling tired and weak, easy bruising or bleeding, and frequent or long-lasting infections.

• #78 Pediatric Leukemias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pediatric-leukemias

  Children with leukemia can have fevers and trouble fighting infections. […] Children with leukemia can be pale and tired. […] Children with leukemia can bruise and bleed easily. […] The following are the most common symptoms of leukemia. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: Anemia. When red blood cells are unable to be produced because of the crowding in the marrow, anemia is present. […] Bleeding and/or bruising. When platelets are unable to be produced because of the crowding in the marrow, bleeding can occur and the child may begin to bruise more easily. […] Recurrent infections. Although there may be an unusually high number of white blood cells on the blood count of a child with leukemia, these white blood cells are immature and do not fight infection.

• #79 Pediatric Leukemias | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/pediatric-leukemias

  Pain in bones and joints is another common symptom of leukemia. […] Abdominal pain may also be a symptom of leukemia. […] The child may also have swelling in the lymph nodes under the arms, in the groin, chest, or in the neck. […] With acute leukemia (ALL or AML), these symptoms may occur suddenly in a matter of days or weeks. […] With chronic leukemia (CML), these symptoms may develop slowly over months to years.

• #80 Symptoms of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/childrens-cancer/acute-lymphoblastic-leukaemia/symptoms

  Your child might have bony pain. Children might limp or refuse to walk as they would normally. This pain is most common in the long bones in the body, like the arms or legs. But it can also affect the back and joints. […] Symptoms of T cell ALL can cause swollen lymph glands in the centre of the chest. It might make the thymus gland in the upper chest swell. The swollen glands or thymus gland may press on the windpipe, causing breathlessness and coughing. […] Take your child to see their GP if you notice a change that isn’t normal for them or if you have any of the possible signs and symptoms of leukaemia.

• #81 Leukemia in Children | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/l/leukemia

  Belly pain, poor appetite and/or weight loss may occur. Leukemia cells can collect in the kidney, liver and spleen, causing swelling of these organs. […] Lymph nodes under the arms or in the groin, chest or neck may swell. As they filter the blood, lymph nodes may collect leukemia cells. […] In T-cell ALL, leukemia cells tend to clump around the thymus gland behind the breast bone. Wheezing, coughing and/or painful breathing need prompt medical attention.

• #82 Pediatric Neutropenia: Low White Blood Cells in Babies

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pediatric-autoimmune-neutropenia-4047390

  Pediatric neutropenia is an uncommon condition that causes a low count of white blood cells called neutrophils in babies and children. This type of cell help prevent infection. There are several potential causes, including viruses, an autoimmune condition, cancer treatment, and others. […] Pediatric autoimmune neutropenia typically presents in infants 6 to 15 months of age, but can occur at any age. […] Despite the exceptionally low neutrophil count that defines pediatric neutropenia, serious infections are rare. As a result, the condition may not cause profound symptoms. Most children have no symptoms at all. […] However, you may notice that your child: Gets colds, ear infections, or sinus infections often; symptoms such as fever, sore throat, coughing, diarrhea, congestion, and chills are common when sick.

• #83 Pediatric Neutropenia: Low White Blood Cells in Babies

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pediatric-autoimmune-neutropenia-4047390

  Pediatric neutropenia is an uncommon condition that causes a low count of white blood cells called neutrophils in babies and children. This type of cell help prevent infection. There are several potential causes, including viruses, an autoimmune condition, cancer treatment, and others. […] Pediatric autoimmune neutropenia typically presents in infants 6 to 15 months of age, but can occur at any age. […] Despite the exceptionally low neutrophil count that defines pediatric neutropenia, serious infections are rare. As a result, the condition may not cause profound symptoms. Most children have no symptoms at all. […] However, you may notice that your child: Gets colds, ear infections, or sinus infections often; symptoms such as fever, sore throat, coughing, diarrhea, congestion, and chills are common when sick.

• #84 Pediatric Neutropenia: Low White Blood Cells in Babies

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pediatric-autoimmune-neutropenia-4047390

  In these cases, neutropenia may be discovered when a complete blood count (CBC) is done to diagnose an infection. […] Most children with neutropenia do not become seriously ill. Still, your healthcare provider will want to be cautious. Any fever or infection in a child with neutropenia should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. An infection in a child with neutropenia could progress to sepsis, a life-threatening reaction to infection. Your child will also be more susceptible to serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis. […] If your child has autoimmune neutropenia, the anti-neutrophil antibodies will spontaneously disappear and the neutrophil count will return to normal. Spontaneous recovery occurs by 5 years of age, with 90% of cases resolving before the age of 2.

• #85 Cyclic Neutropenia | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/cyclic-neutropenia

  Symptoms during periods of neutropenia may include: Recurrent fever, Sore throat (pharyngitis), Inflammation of the gums (gingivitis), Inflamed and sore mouth (stomatitis), Infections in the skin and in other areas of the body. […] Cycling frequency appears to lessen with age and may disappear by age 30 in some patients. Children with cyclic neutropenia only have symptoms during neutropenia episodes. At other times, when their neutrophil levels are normal, they are less susceptible to infection.

• #86 Pediatric WBC Disorders | Dr. Rahul Bhargava Hematologist

  https://www.drrahulbhargavahematologist.com/treatments/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  Children with white blood cell disorders may exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: […] If your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] Untreated disorders can lead to severe infections, delayed growth, anemia, or even progress to conditions like leukemia, making early treatment critical.

• #87 Neutropenia in Children – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/anemias-blood-diseases/conditions-services/neutropenia

  Children with neutropenia are at risk for life threatening infections, including sepsis. Fevers can be caused by a viral infection, which is not dangerous for most patients with neutropenia. However, fevers from bacteria or fungus infection can be very dangerous. Neutropenic fever greater than or equal to 100.4 F (38 C) for at least an hour is considered a medical emergency.

• #88 Pediatric Neutropenia: Low White Blood Cells in Babies

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pediatric-autoimmune-neutropenia-4047390

  In these cases, neutropenia may be discovered when a complete blood count (CBC) is done to diagnose an infection. […] Most children with neutropenia do not become seriously ill. Still, your healthcare provider will want to be cautious. Any fever or infection in a child with neutropenia should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. An infection in a child with neutropenia could progress to sepsis, a life-threatening reaction to infection. Your child will also be more susceptible to serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis. […] If your child has autoimmune neutropenia, the anti-neutrophil antibodies will spontaneously disappear and the neutrophil count will return to normal. Spontaneous recovery occurs by 5 years of age, with 90% of cases resolving before the age of 2.

• #89 Pediatric WBC Disorders | Dr. Rahul Bhargava Hematologist

  https://www.drrahulbhargavahematologist.com/treatments/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  Children with white blood cell disorders may exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: […] If your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] Untreated disorders can lead to severe infections, delayed growth, anemia, or even progress to conditions like leukemia, making early treatment critical.

• #90 Pediatric WBC Disorders | Dr. Rahul Bhargava Hematologist

  https://www.drrahulbhargavahematologist.com/treatments/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  Children with white blood cell disorders may exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: […] If your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] Untreated disorders can lead to severe infections, delayed growth, anemia, or even progress to conditions like leukemia, making early treatment critical.

• #91 Pediatric WBC Disorders | Dr. Rahul Bhargava Hematologist

  https://www.drrahulbhargavahematologist.com/treatments/pediatric-white-blood-cell-disorders/

  Children with white blood cell disorders may exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: […] If your child is experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] Untreated disorders can lead to severe infections, delayed growth, anemia, or even progress to conditions like leukemia, making early treatment critical.

• #92 Blood Diseases & Down Syndrome | National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS)

  https://ndss.org/resources/blood-diseases-syndrome

  Babies born with Down syndrome can present with this blood cell abnormality within the first few months of life. This elevated white cell count typically goes away spontaneously. […] This condition results from the rapid growth of abnormal white cells. […] In the great majority of patients, the prognosis of TMD is good with complete resolution of the disease without any treatment; however, a few patients with TMD don’t show improvement and develop cancer in the blood or leukemia. […] If not treated, MDS will progress to leukemia. The time frame for the development of leukemia ranges from months to years. […] Individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk for the development of precancerous conditions such as myelodysplastic syndrome, potentially cancerous conditions such as transient myeloproliferative disorder, and cancerous conditions like leukemia.

• #93 Blood Cell Disorders: Symptoms, Types, and Causes

  https://www.healthline.com/health/blood-cell-disorders

  Common symptoms of white blood cell disorders are: […] chronic infections […] fatigue […] unexplained weight loss […] malaise, or a general feeling of being unwell. […] White blood cell disorders can affect your body’s immune response and your body’s ability to fight off infection. These disorders can affect both adults and children. […] Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may progress either slowly or quite fast. It sometimes leads to leukemia.

• #94 Blood Diseases & Down Syndrome | National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS)

  https://ndss.org/resources/blood-diseases-syndrome

  Babies born with Down syndrome can present with this blood cell abnormality within the first few months of life. This elevated white cell count typically goes away spontaneously. […] This condition results from the rapid growth of abnormal white cells. […] In the great majority of patients, the prognosis of TMD is good with complete resolution of the disease without any treatment; however, a few patients with TMD don’t show improvement and develop cancer in the blood or leukemia. […] If not treated, MDS will progress to leukemia. The time frame for the development of leukemia ranges from months to years. […] Individuals with Down syndrome have an increased risk for the development of precancerous conditions such as myelodysplastic syndrome, potentially cancerous conditions such as transient myeloproliferative disorder, and cancerous conditions like leukemia.

• #95 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  At MSK Kids, children with rare blood disorders are cared for by world-renowned experts who are committed to quality of life. […] We offer information to describe the causes and symptoms of pediatric immunodeficiencies and white blood cell disorders. […] Disorders of the immune system may make your child more likely to get infections. […] Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic disorder, which means it’s caused by mutations (changes) in genes. It affects infection-fighting immune cells. Children with SCID are very likely to get severe infections. […] Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) lower the number of immune cells, which fight infection. This makes it harder for your child’s body to fight infections. […] Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) can make your child’s immune system overactive. This makes it more likely they get an inflammatory or autoimmune disorder.

• #96 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) make too many activated immune cells, called macrophages and lymphocytes, to fight infections. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged (swollen) liver or spleen, fever, fewer red blood cells, and problems with the nervous system. […] Children who have a deficiency of the immune system can get infections often. They may get ear infections, sore throats, pneumonia, diarrhea (watery stool), and fevers. […] They also may take longer than normal to get better from an infection. They may grow more slowly than other children. Infections in children with SCID can be serious and life-threatening. They must be treated right away.

• #97 Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs), Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRDs) and White Blood Cell Disorders | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

  https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/pediatric-blood-disorders/about-pediatric-blood-disorders/primary-immunodeficiencies-pids-primary-immune-regulatory-disorders-pirds-and-white-blood-cell-disorders

  Children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) make too many activated immune cells, called macrophages and lymphocytes, to fight infections. […] Symptoms can include an enlarged (swollen) liver or spleen, fever, fewer red blood cells, and problems with the nervous system. […] Children who have a deficiency of the immune system can get infections often. They may get ear infections, sore throats, pneumonia, diarrhea (watery stool), and fevers. […] They also may take longer than normal to get better from an infection. They may grow more slowly than other children. Infections in children with SCID can be serious and life-threatening. They must be treated right away.

• #98 Aplastic Anemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=aplastic-anemia-in-children-90-P02312

  Aplastic anemia is a serious condition in which the bone marrow doesnt make enough new blood cells. With fewer blood cells, a child with aplastic anemia has: […] Low levels of white blood cells can cause: […] Some symptoms include tiredness, paleness, frequent infections, and easy bruising and bleeding. […] Aplastic anemia is diagnosed with blood and bone marrow tests. […] Treatment depends on the cause. It may include blood transfusions, medicines, and stem cell transplantation.

• #99 Aplastic Anemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=aplastic-anemia-in-children-90-P02312

  Aplastic anemia is a serious condition in which the bone marrow doesnt make enough new blood cells. With fewer blood cells, a child with aplastic anemia has: […] Increased risk of infection (from too few white blood cells) […] Low levels of white blood cells can cause: […] Infections […] Some symptoms include tiredness, paleness, frequent infections, and easy bruising and bleeding.

• #100 Aplastic Anemia in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://deprod.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=aplastic-anemia-in-children-90-P02312

  Aplastic anemia is a serious condition in which the bone marrow doesnt make enough new blood cells. With fewer blood cells, a child with aplastic anemia has: […] Low levels of white blood cells can cause: […] Some symptoms include tiredness, paleness, frequent infections, and easy bruising and bleeding. […] Aplastic anemia is diagnosed with blood and bone marrow tests. […] Treatment depends on the cause. It may include blood transfusions, medicines, and stem cell transplantation.

• #101 Pediatric bone marrow failure | Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU

  https://www.chrichmond.org/services/hematology-and-oncology/conditions-we-treat/bone-marrow-failure/

  Bone marrow failure, also known as aplastic anemia, is a rare disorder in which the bone marrow fails to make these critical blood cells. Aplastic anemia results in (low hemoglobin), thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and leukopenia (low white cells). […] The symptoms of bone marrow failure can vary, but most commonly include: Anemia, which can cause fatigue, headache, exercise intolerance, fast heart rate and a pale appearance (pallor) […] Bleeding symptoms like easy bruising, a rash known as petechiae, gum bleeding, nose bleeds and blood in the urine or stool […] Increased infections, recurrent fevers and mouth sores. […] If not addressed, some of these symptoms may be life-threatening, which is why it is critical to talk to your provider if your child is experiencing any complications with bleeding or if you are pregnant and have aplastic anemia.

• #102 Pediatric bone marrow failure | Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU

  https://www.chrichmond.org/services/hematology-and-oncology/conditions-we-treat/bone-marrow-failure/

  Bone marrow failure, also known as aplastic anemia, is a rare disorder in which the bone marrow fails to make these critical blood cells. Aplastic anemia results in (low hemoglobin), thrombocytopenia (low platelets) and leukopenia (low white cells). […] The symptoms of bone marrow failure can vary, but most commonly include: Anemia, which can cause fatigue, headache, exercise intolerance, fast heart rate and a pale appearance (pallor) […] Bleeding symptoms like easy bruising, a rash known as petechiae, gum bleeding, nose bleeds and blood in the urine or stool […] Increased infections, recurrent fevers and mouth sores. […] If not addressed, some of these symptoms may be life-threatening, which is why it is critical to talk to your provider if your child is experiencing any complications with bleeding or if you are pregnant and have aplastic anemia.

• #103 Aplastic Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16747-aplastic-anemia

  Aplastic anemia symptoms usually develop over weeks and months, so you may not notice changes in your body right away. In some cases, people have immediate severe symptoms. If you do develop symptoms, they may include: Frequent viral infections that last longer than usual. Fatigue. Bleeding or bruising more easily. Feeling short of breath (dyspnea). Skin color that’s paler than usual. Dizziness. Headache. Fever. […] People with aplastic anemia may have the following complications, some of which may be life-threatening: Anemia. Severe infections. Excessive bleeding. Arrhythmia or heart failure. Myelodysplastic syndrome. […] Depending on your situation, a successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation may cure the condition. In general, children and people age 40 and younger are more likely to have successful treatment than people who are older. […] Many factors affect survival rates, including your age and your treatment. According to one study, overall 96% of people were alive after their stem cell transplantation. That same study showed 100% of children and adults under age 40 were alive five years after treatment.

• #104 What is a Dangerous White Blood Cell Count?

  https://www.drkarunhematology.com/blog/what-is-a-dangerous-white-blood-cell-count/

  White blood cell counts in children tend to be higher than in adults, particularly in infants and young children, as their immune systems are still developing. […] A person with an abnormal WBC count may not always show noticeable symptoms, but signs of infection or illness are common when WBC levels drastically change. […] Symptoms of leukocytosis (high WBC count) might include: Fever, Fatigue or weakness, Unexplained weight loss, Swelling or redness in the affected area, Pain or discomfort in the body. […] On the other hand, symptoms of leukopenia (low WBC count) may include: Frequent infections, Fever or chills, Sore throat or mouth ulcers, Unexplained fatigue or weakness, Shortness of breath. […] When your WBC count is too low, your body becomes more vulnerable to infections, as it may not have enough immune cells to fight off bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens.

• #105 Pediatric Neutropenia: Low White Blood Cells in Babies

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/pediatric-autoimmune-neutropenia-4047390

  In these cases, neutropenia may be discovered when a complete blood count (CBC) is done to diagnose an infection. […] Most children with neutropenia do not become seriously ill. Still, your healthcare provider will want to be cautious. Any fever or infection in a child with neutropenia should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. An infection in a child with neutropenia could progress to sepsis, a life-threatening reaction to infection. Your child will also be more susceptible to serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis. […] If your child has autoimmune neutropenia, the anti-neutrophil antibodies will spontaneously disappear and the neutrophil count will return to normal. Spontaneous recovery occurs by 5 years of age, with 90% of cases resolving before the age of 2.

• #106 What is a Dangerous White Blood Cell Count?

  https://www.drkarunhematology.com/blog/what-is-a-dangerous-white-blood-cell-count/

  A low white blood cell count, or leukopenia, can also be dangerous. […] Causes of leukopenia include: Bone Marrow Disorders, Autoimmune Diseases, Viral Infections, Medications and Chemotherapy, Nutritional Deficiencies. […] A dangerous white blood cell count whether too high or too low can indicate serious health concerns that require immediate medical attention.

• #107 Low white blood cell count (neutropenia) | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/low-white-blood-cell-count

  Neutropenia and leukopenia are terms used to refer to lowered numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. WBCs help the body fight infection and disease. When WBC counts are low, there is a higher risk of infection. […] A person has leukopenia when the total WBC count is less than 3.0 x 10 9/ L. A person has neutropenia when the ANC is less than 1.9 x 10 9/ L. The risk of developing an infection is greater when the ANC is less than 1.5 x 10 9/ L. The risk increases as the neutrophil level drops and the longer it remains low. An infection is likely to occur if the ANC is less than 0.5 x 10 9/ L. […] Once the WBC count drops, it remains low for 710 days. The lowest level that blood cell counts reach is called the nadir. During nadir, the bodys resistance to infection is weakest. It is important to do everything possible to lower the chances of infection and to seek immediate treatment even if you think you have an infection.

• #108 Aplastic Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16747-aplastic-anemia

  Aplastic anemia symptoms usually develop over weeks and months, so you may not notice changes in your body right away. In some cases, people have immediate severe symptoms. If you do develop symptoms, they may include: Frequent viral infections that last longer than usual. Fatigue. Bleeding or bruising more easily. Feeling short of breath (dyspnea). Skin color that’s paler than usual. Dizziness. Headache. Fever. […] People with aplastic anemia may have the following complications, some of which may be life-threatening: Anemia. Severe infections. Excessive bleeding. Arrhythmia or heart failure. Myelodysplastic syndrome. […] Depending on your situation, a successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation may cure the condition. In general, children and people age 40 and younger are more likely to have successful treatment than people who are older. […] Many factors affect survival rates, including your age and your treatment. According to one study, overall 96% of people were alive after their stem cell transplantation. That same study showed 100% of children and adults under age 40 were alive five years after treatment.

• #109 Aplastic Anemia: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16747-aplastic-anemia

  Aplastic anemia symptoms usually develop over weeks and months, so you may not notice changes in your body right away. In some cases, people have immediate severe symptoms. If you do develop symptoms, they may include: Frequent viral infections that last longer than usual. Fatigue. Bleeding or bruising more easily. Feeling short of breath (dyspnea). Skin color that’s paler than usual. Dizziness. Headache. Fever. […] People with aplastic anemia may have the following complications, some of which may be life-threatening: Anemia. Severe infections. Excessive bleeding. Arrhythmia or heart failure. Myelodysplastic syndrome. […] Depending on your situation, a successful allogeneic stem cell transplantation may cure the condition. In general, children and people age 40 and younger are more likely to have successful treatment than people who are older. […] Many factors affect survival rates, including your age and your treatment. According to one study, overall 96% of people were alive after their stem cell transplantation. That same study showed 100% of children and adults under age 40 were alive five years after treatment.

• #110 Neutropenia in Children – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/anemias-blood-diseases/conditions-services/neutropenia

  Children with neutropenia are at risk for life threatening infections, including sepsis. Fevers can be caused by a viral infection, which is not dangerous for most patients with neutropenia. However, fevers from bacteria or fungus infection can be very dangerous. Neutropenic fever greater than or equal to 100.4 F (38 C) for at least an hour is considered a medical emergency.

• #111 Neutropenia in Children – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/anemias-blood-diseases/conditions-services/neutropenia

  Children with neutropenia are at risk for life threatening infections, including sepsis. Fevers can be caused by a viral infection, which is not dangerous for most patients with neutropenia. However, fevers from bacteria or fungus infection can be very dangerous. Neutropenic fever greater than or equal to 100.4 F (38 C) for at least an hour is considered a medical emergency.

• #112 Common Blood Disorders in Children : Types, Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | Ankura Hospital

  https://www.ankurahospitals.com/common-blood-disorders-in-children/

  Symptoms of blood disorders will depend on the type of disorder. Broadly if a child has any of the below a blood disorder should be suspected: […] Common symptoms include: Fatigue and Weakness: Caused by anemia due to the lack of healthy red blood cells. […] Frequent Infections: Due to a deficiency in normal, functioning white blood cells. […] Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder that occurs when the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. This condition can lead to a deficiency in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, causing various health problems, including fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bleeding. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the condition and improving outcomes.

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