Materiały źródłowe

• #1 E. Coli Infection: How to Stay Safe | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/e-coli-infection-how-to-stay-safe

  Escherichia coli, or E. coli, is a type of bacteria commonly found in human and animal intestines. […] However, certain strains can cause illness, with symptoms including diarrhea, urinary tract infections and pneumonia. […] People typically become infected with harmful strains of E. coli through contaminated food and water, Dr. Torres says. […] As with many infections, young children, older adults and people with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of contracting E. coli and experiencing severe illness. […] Symptoms usually begin within a few days and often include stomach cramps, diarrhea (possibly bloody), fatigue, nausea and vomiting. […] Treatment for an E. coli infection involves supportive care, including fluids, electrolytes and rest. […] Patients should contact their doctor if they experience persistent or bloody diarrhea; frequent vomiting that prevents fluid intake; or signs of dehydration, such as a rapid heart rate or lightheadedness, Dr. Torres says.

• #1 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: E coli

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/e-coli/

  Escherichia coli, also known as E. Coli, are bacteria that can be found in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. Most strains of E. Coli are harmless and do not cause disease. However, some types of E. Coli can produce Shiga toxin. This toxin can cause illness with symptoms of stomach cramps, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), and vomiting. Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC) is the most common type of toxin-producing E. Coli. […] STEC infections should be treated with supportive therapy, such as hydration. There is also no evidence that treating STEC infections with antibiotics is helpful, and they should not be used since they may increase the risk of HUS. Antidiarrheal agents like Imodium may also lead to an increased risk of HUS and should be avoided. […] Once you or your child start having symptoms of the illness, such as diarrhea, do not attend work (specifically for food handlers, healthcare workers, daycare workers) or attend daycare or school until a healthcare provider or someone from your local health department says you are clear to go back. […] Always visit your healthcare provider if your STEC symptoms worsen or do not improve over time.

• #1 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  E. coli Symptoms […] Youll probably start to feel ill 2 to 5 days of getting the E. coli bacteria. The most common symptoms are: […] Abdominal cramps […] Diarrhea, which may be bloody […] Nausea […] Constant fatigue […] You may not have a fever. If you do, it may be slight. […] Severe symptoms of E. coli […] These can include: […] Diarrhea lasting longer than 3 days […] Diarrhea with blood […] Diarrhea with fever over 102 F […] Severe vomiting […] If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor right away. […] E. coli Treatment […] The only way your doctor can know for sure if you have an E. coli infection is to send a sample of your stool to a lab to be analyzed. […] Fortunately, the infection usually goes away on its own. […] For some types of E. coli associated with diarrhea, such as the watery travelers diarrhea, antibiotics can shorten the length of time you have symptoms and might be used in moderately severe cases.

• #1 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  E. coli in Urine […] Eighty percent to 90% of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by E. coli bacteria, says the National Kidney Foundation. Women are much more likely to get UTIs than men because their urethra (the tube that takes urine from your bladder out your body) is shorter, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel from your butt to your bladder if you don’t wipe yourself properly. […] Symptoms include: […] An urge to pee with only a few drops coming out […] Burning sensation when passing urine […] Aching feeling or pain in your belly […] Urine that’s cloudy, blood-tinged, or has a strong smell […] Is E. coli Contagious? […] Yes, it can spread from person to person. For instance, if you take care of someone who is ill, have to handle their poop, and don’t wash your hands properly afterward, you could transfer E. coli to your mouth. In the same way, if you touch an object, surface, or food handled by someone with E. coli on their hands (because they didn’t wash them properly) and then touch your mouth, you could get infected with E. coli.

• #1 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Complications of E. coli Infections […] Healthy people infected with E. coli usually feel better within a week. But some people have a serious complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, which affects the kidneys. This is more likely to happen to older people and children. […] Symptoms include: […] Vomiting […] Bloody diarrhea […] Stomach pain […] Fever and chills […] As the infection gets worse, you could have: […] Fatigue and weakness […] Fainting […] Bruising […] Pale skin […] Complications may lead to high blood pressure, kidney disease, seizures, blood-clotting problems, stroke, or coma. […] E. coli can also cause sepsis or malnutrition (lack of absorption of nutrients due to chronic diarrhea). […] E. coli Prevention […] One of the most important things you can do to protect yourself and your family against E. coli is to wash your hands, particularly in these situations:

• #1 E. coli – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372064

  To diagnose illness caused by E. coli infection, your doctor sends a sample of your stool to a laboratory to test for the presence of E. coli bacteria. The bacteria may be cultured to confirm the diagnosis and identify specific toxins, such as those produced by E. coli O157:H7. […] For illness caused by E. coli, no current treatments can cure the infection, relieve symptoms or prevent complications. For most people, treatment includes: Rest, Fluids to help prevent dehydration and fatigue. […] Avoid taking an anti-diarrheal medication this slows your digestive system down, preventing your body from getting rid of the toxins. Antibiotics generally aren’t recommended because they can increase the risk of serious complications and they don’t appear to help treat the infection. […] If you have a serious E. coli infection that has caused a life-threatening form of kidney failure (hemolytic uremic syndrome), you’ll be hospitalized. Treatment includes IV fluids, blood transfusions and kidney dialysis. […] If you or your child has an E. coli infection, it may be tempting to use an anti-diarrheal medication, but don’t. Diarrhea is one way the body rids itself of toxins. Preventing diarrhea slows that process down. […] Take small sips of fluid as tolerated to try to stay hydrated.

• #1 Escherichia coli (E coli) Infections Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217485-treatment

  Medical care of Escherichia coli (E coli) infection is based on the clinical syndrome and severity of the infection. […] In addition to antibiotics, provide supportive care, such as hydration, adequate oxygenation, and blood pressure support, if indicated. […] Consultation with an infectious disease provider is recommended to treat infections that require long-term IV antibiotics and monitoring. […] Generally, no long-term monitoring for E coli related infections is required once the initial infection is identified and treated. Weekly safety lab monitoring may be needed if the patient is on long term IV antibiotic therapy to treat the infection.

• #1 Information for Clinicians | E. coli infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/hcp/guidance/index.html

  Most intestinal E. coli infections can be managed symptomatically. […] Patients with profuse diarrhea or vomiting should be rehydrated. […] Early use of intravenous fluids may decrease the risk of renal failure in children with STEC infection. […] Most E. coli infections can be managed symptomatically. Patients with profuse diarrhea or vomiting should be rehydrated. […] Evidence from studies of children with STEC O157 infection indicates that early use of intravenous fluids (within the first 4 days of diarrhea onset) may decrease the risk of renal failure. […] Clinicians treating a patient whose clinical syndrome suggests STEC infection should be aware that administering antimicrobial agents may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Antimotility agents should be avoided for patients with bloody diarrhea; treatment should be reassessed if symptoms have not improved in 48 hours. Antimotility agents also should not be given to patients with STEC infection because these agents may increase the risk of complications, including toxic megacolon, HUS, and neurologic complications. […] HUS is treated with supportive care, including the management of fluids and electrolytes.

• #1 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  But if you have fever or bloody diarrhea or if your doctor suspects Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, don’t take antibiotics. They can actually increase the production of Shiga toxin and worsen your symptoms. […] Its important to rest and get plenty of fluids to replace what your body is losing through vomiting or diarrhea. […] Dont take over-the-counter medications that fight diarrhea. You dont want to slow down your digestive system because that will delay your bodys shedding of the infection. […] When you start to feel better, stick to low-fiber foods at first such as: […] Crackers […] Toast […] Eggs […] Rice […] Dairy products and foods that are high in fat or fiber can make your symptoms worse. […] If you have another type of infection, like a UTI, sepsis (your body’s extreme reaction to an infection) or meningitis (inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord), your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

• #1 E. Coli and UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections): The Common Connection

  https://www.healthline.com/health/e-coli-uti

  Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the E. coli bacteria, which are treated with antibiotics. […] About 80% of UTI cases are caused by this microorganism. […] Because E. coli is a bacteria, treatment usually involves antibiotics. However, antibiotic resistance can sometimes make treatment difficult. […] The two antibiotics most commonly prescribed for an E. Coli-caused UTI are trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Sulfatrim) and nitrofurantoin (Macrobid). […] If you have recurrent infections, or if your infection is severe, you may need to take antibiotics for a few months or may need injected antibiotics such as plazomicin (Zemdri). […] UTIs generally can cause a range of symptoms, including an urgent, frequent need to pee, often with little urine output, burning urination, and pelvic pain.

• #1 E. coli – South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.southtees.nhs.uk/patients-visitors/ipc/ipc-advice-for-carers/e-coli/

  E.coli Information for carers to share with patients including who is at risk and how it is spread. […] An E. coli infection can cause serious illness which will need medical treatment. […] If your doctor or nurse thinks you may have an E. coli infection they will take a sample from the infection area (e.g. urine sample, wound swab). You may be prescribed antibiotics to treat the infection. […] Remember: Always complete the antibiotic course you are given. If you do not complete the course, the infection may not have completely cleared, could come back and the antibiotic may not work. […] E. coli infections cannot always be completely prevented; however, you can reduce the risk of getting an infection by: Washing your hands after using the toilet, Washing your hands before preparing and eating food, Washing your hands before touching a catheter or changing the bag, Not touching catheters, Intravenous lines or open wounds unnecessarily, Women should wipe front to back after going to the toilet, Keeping hydrated. Drink plenty of fluid each day.

• #1 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses are vital in recognizing patients at risk for UTIs and educating them on preventing recurrent infections. […] Nurses administer antibiotics to treat UTIs, monitor for symptom resolution through urinalysis, and take special precautions in caring for patients with catheters to prevent CAUTI. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. […] Adherence to the prescribed antibiotic treatment is necessary to kill the bacteria. […] Hydration increases urination and flushes out the urinary tract. If not contraindicated, increase oral fluid intake. […] Encourage the patient to void frequently to excrete bacteria from the urinary system. […] One of the most effective strategies to prevent UTIs and recurrent infections is by practicing personal hygiene.

• #1 Health Care Provider Information on E. coli and HUS – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/ecoli/healthcare.html

  Reporting Enteric Escherichia coli infection (E. coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli) Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases of Escherichia coli to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided. […] Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. […] HUS develops in about 5% of reported E. coli O157:H7 cases, most frequently in young children or the elderly. […] Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. With intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3%-5%.

• #1 Escherichia Coli Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/e-coli-nursing-diagnosis/

  Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection is a significant bacterial infection that can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and potentially life-threatening complications. This nursing diagnosis focuses on the comprehensive care and management of patients affected by E. coli infections, whether community-acquired or healthcare-associated. […] Comprehensive nursing assessment is crucial for early detection and management of E. coli infections. […] The following outcomes indicate successful management of E. coli infection: The patient will maintain adequate hydration status. Patient will demonstrate improved symptoms within 72 hours. The patient will maintain stable vital signs. Patient will show normal laboratory values. The patient will demonstrate proper hand hygiene technique. The patient will verbalize understanding of infection prevention measures. Patient will complete prescribed antibiotic therapy if ordered.

• #1 Escherichia Coli Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan – NurseStudy.Net

  https://nursestudy.net/e-coli-nursing-diagnosis/

  Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss secondary to frequent diarrhea associated with E. coli infection. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Acute pain related to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract secondary to E. coli infection as evidenced by verbal reports of abdominal cramping and guarding behavior. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for impaired skin integrity related to frequent diarrhea and excessive moisture secondary to E. coli infection. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Deficient knowledge related to lack of information about E. coli infection prevention and management as evidenced by questioning about transmission and prevention methods. […] Nursing Diagnosis Statement: Risk for infection transmission related to the highly contagious nature of E. coli infection.

• #1 Nursing Interventions for Escherichia ColiNursing File | Nursing File

  https://nursingfile.com/nursing-care-plan/nursing-interventions/nursing-interventions-for-escherichia-coli.html

  Nursing Interventions: Escherichia Coli […] Replace fluids and electrolytes as needed. […] Use proper hand-washing technique. […] Clean the perianal area and lubricate after each episode of diarrhea. […] give nothing by mouth, administer antibiotics as ordered, and maintain body warmth. […] Keep accurate intake and output records. […] Measure stool volume and note the presence of blood and pus. […] Monitor for decreases serum sodium and chloride levels and signs of gram-negative septic shock. […] Watch for signs of dehydration. […] Monitor vital signs to detect early indications of circulatory prolapse. […] Explain proper hand-washing technique to patient and family.

• #1 Controlling Spread of E. Coli | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/e-coli-pathogenic-1

  In the healthcare setting patients should be placed in contact isolation for the duration of the diarrhea. […] Food handlers with pathogenic E. coli must be excluded from work. […] No foodservice worker, healthcare or child care provider should be at work while experiencing active diarrhea. […] After diarrhea has resolved, food-handling employees may only return to food handling after producing two negative stool tests taken at least 24 hours apart. […] Children with pathogenic E. coli should be excluded until two negative stool cultures taken more than 24 hours apart are obtained. […] Staff with diarrhea due to pathogenic E.coli should not return to food handling work or direct child care until they have had 2 negative stool cultures taken at least 24 hours or apart and not sooner than 48 hours following the discontinuation of antibiotics.

• #1 Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cmctmed.com/medical-conditions/Diarrhea-Caused-by-Specific-Types-of-E-coli-Escher

  Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)Child Care and Schools […] Although many types of Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria live normally in the intestinal tract, at least 5 types are known to cause diarrhea. […] Shiga toxin-producing E coli has caused numerous outbreaks in group care settings. […] Infections with Shiga toxin-producing E coli may be associated with other severe problems, such as bleeding from irritation of the bowel, kidney damage, and blood cell damage, also known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Use good hand-hygiene technique at all the times listed in Chapter 2, especially after toilet use or handling soiled diapers and before anything to do with food preparation or eating. […] Ensure proper surface disinfection that includes cleaning and rinsing of surfaces that may have become contaminated with stool (feces) with detergent and water and application of a US Environmental Protection Agencyregistered disinfectant according to the instructions on the product label.

• #1 Nursing Home Infection: Bedsores Leading to E. coli | Senior Justice Law Firm

  https://seniorjustice.com/nursing-home-infection-bedsores-leading-to-e-coli/

  Bedsores, also known as pressure ulcers, are skin wounds that develop when an immobile person stays in one position for too long. […] Unfortunately, a patient with bedsores can also become infected with the E. coli bacteria, resulting in additional health complications. Sick seniors who have compromised immune systems are especially susceptible to E. coli. A compromised immune system can make it difficult for seniors to fight a concurrent E. coli and bedsore nursing home infection, which can lead to severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and even a life-threatening type of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Frequently changing a bedridden or wheelchair-bound patient’s position and using special mattresses, along with other proven steps, can help safeguard patients from developing bedsores altogether. While E. Coli can be highly contagious, the bacteria are also preventable through appropriate hygiene practices. If bedsores develop, caregivers must be sure they keep a patient’s bedclothes clean, change the bandages on the bedsores regularly, and follow other proper hygiene practices. When they don’t, the patient may be exposed to and develop an E.coli infection.

• #1

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk7127

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] E. coli usually goes away on its own. You usually don’t need antibiotics. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or light-headed, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #1 E. Coli Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.e-coli-infection-care-instructions.abk7127

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] E. coli usually goes away on its own. You usually don’t need antibiotics. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #1 E. coli infection – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/e-coli-infection

  You can reduce your chance of E. coli infection by not eating unclean or under-cooked foods. […] You can also reduce your chance of getting E. coli by good hygiene. Always wash your hands after going to the toilet or changing a nappy. […] It is important to prepare, cook and store your food safely. […] Safe food handling will avoid transmitting the E. coli bacteria from one food item to another. […] If you have been sick due to E. coli infection, you can also take steps to avoid infecting others. […] Wash any bedding, clothing or household surfaces that have been dirtied by diarrhoea or vomit. […] Avoid making food for others in your household until 24 hours after your last symptoms. […] Stay away from work, or keep your child home from childcare or school. You can return to work or school if you have gone 24 hours with no symptoms. If you work in a care setting or handle food you should stay home for 48 hours after your last symptoms.

• #1 Escherichia coli (E coli): What IPC Professionals Should Know

  https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/escherichia-coli-e-coli-what-ipc-professionals-should-know

  E coli infections begin with swallowing trace amounts of human or animal feces. […] To prevent uropathogenic E coli in the perianal area from entering the urethra, wipe from front to back during toileting. It is recommended to urinate following sexual activity to flush bacteria from urethral tissue. Reduce the use of urinary catheterization when possible and use the proper technique before and during insertion. […] To reduce worsening antimicrobial resistance from E coli and other bacteria, clinicians should have ready access to localized susceptibility and resistance data to guide prescribing decisions. Diarrheal infections from STEC, including 0157, are treated supportivelyantibiotics have not been shown to be helpful. However, when treating E coli UTIs in hospitalized patients, prescribers should follow guidance based on institutional antimicrobial susceptibility data. For ambulatory patients, geolocated antimicrobial susceptibility data are free in the epocrates Bugs + Drugs app.

• #1 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Before you prepare food […] Before preparing bottles or food for infants and toddlers […] Before touching anything, such as a pacifier, that goes into a small child’s mouth. […] After you’ve used the bathroom or changed a diaper […] After you’ve had contact with animals, even your own pets […] After handling raw meat […] You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: […] Cook hamburgers until they’re 160 F inside. […] Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. […] Wash all of your produce before you eat it. Be especially careful to get dirt off leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach. […] In your kitchen, a couple of simple rules will help keep you safe: […] Wash: Clean knives, counters, and cutting boards with hot, soapy water after raw meat has touched them.

• #1 Escherichia coli – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/escherichia-coli.shtml

  E. coli are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, while others can make you sick. One of the most common strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is often the cause of foodborne outbreaks. People of any age can become infected. However, very young children and older adults are more likely to develop severe illness. […] Hydration is important in treating E. coli. Antibiotics should not be used. […] Know your chances of getting sick. People with higher chances of foodborne illness are pregnant women, newborns, children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. […] Practice proper handwashing. Wash your hands thoroughly: After using the bathroom, Before preparing or eating food, After contact with animals or their environments, Before preparing and feeding bottles or foods to an infant or toddler.

• #1 For health professionals: E. coli (Escherichia coli) infection – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/e-coli/health-professionals-e-coli.html

  E. coli bacteria are in the family Enterobacteriaceae, and can cause food-borne and water-borne illness. […] Verotoxigenic E. coli infections are national notifiable diseases. All health professionals are to report cases to their provincial or territorial public health authorities. […] Antimicrobial therapy is generally not indicated for E. coli infections. […] Treatment of fluid and electrolyte loss is usually achieved through oral rehydration. The use of the World Health Organization oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution has been recommended. […] Dehydration may become severe or life-threatening in neonates and children, necessitating aggressive fluid and electrolyte replacement. […] Intravenous rehydration may be necessary for: infants, those with severe dehydration, individuals with excessive vomiting. […] Bismuth subsalicylate may decrease the duration of disease and the amount of diarrhea. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of E. coli infection.

• #2 E. coli infection – symptoms and treatment | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/e-coli-infection

  E. coli (Escherichia coli) are a group of bacteria that are found in the gut of nearly all people and animals. […] Some E. coli bacteria can cause serious illness. Some cause no illness at all. […] The bacteria can cause diarrhoea and food poisoning, or more serious illnesses like pneumonia. […] E. coli infection can be spread through contact with contaminated food or water, or by contact with people who are sick. […] You can reduce your chance of E. coli infection by avoiding risky foods and practising good hygiene. […] Treatment for E. coli depends on what part of your body is infected and how serious your illness is. […] If you have diarrhoea and aren’t very sick, you should keep hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids. […] Don’t take anti-vomiting or anti-diarrhoeal medications unless your doctor has recommended them. Most people recover within 5 to 10 days without treatment.

• #2 Information for Clinicians | E. coli infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/hcp/guidance/index.html

  Most intestinal E. coli infections can be managed symptomatically. […] Patients with profuse diarrhea or vomiting should be rehydrated. […] Early use of intravenous fluids may decrease the risk of renal failure in children with STEC infection. […] Most E. coli infections can be managed symptomatically. Patients with profuse diarrhea or vomiting should be rehydrated. […] Evidence from studies of children with STEC O157 infection indicates that early use of intravenous fluids (within the first 4 days of diarrhea onset) may decrease the risk of renal failure. […] Clinicians treating a patient whose clinical syndrome suggests STEC infection should be aware that administering antimicrobial agents may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Antimotility agents should be avoided for patients with bloody diarrhea; treatment should be reassessed if symptoms have not improved in 48 hours. Antimotility agents also should not be given to patients with STEC infection because these agents may increase the risk of complications, including toxic megacolon, HUS, and neurologic complications. […] HUS is treated with supportive care, including the management of fluids and electrolytes.

• #2 E. Coli Infection: How to Stay Safe | Patient Care

  https://weillcornell.org/news/e-coli-infection-how-to-stay-safe

  Escherichia coli, or E. coli, is a type of bacteria commonly found in human and animal intestines. […] However, certain strains can cause illness, with symptoms including diarrhea, urinary tract infections and pneumonia. […] People typically become infected with harmful strains of E. coli through contaminated food and water, Dr. Torres says. […] As with many infections, young children, older adults and people with weakened immune systems are at greater risk of contracting E. coli and experiencing severe illness. […] Symptoms usually begin within a few days and often include stomach cramps, diarrhea (possibly bloody), fatigue, nausea and vomiting. […] Treatment for an E. coli infection involves supportive care, including fluids, electrolytes and rest. […] Patients should contact their doctor if they experience persistent or bloody diarrhea; frequent vomiting that prevents fluid intake; or signs of dehydration, such as a rapid heart rate or lightheadedness, Dr. Torres says.

• #2 E. Coli and UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections): The Common Connection

  https://www.healthline.com/health/e-coli-uti

  Most urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by the E. coli bacteria, which are treated with antibiotics. […] About 80% of UTI cases are caused by this microorganism. […] Because E. coli is a bacteria, treatment usually involves antibiotics. However, antibiotic resistance can sometimes make treatment difficult. […] The two antibiotics most commonly prescribed for an E. Coli-caused UTI are trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Sulfatrim) and nitrofurantoin (Macrobid). […] If you have recurrent infections, or if your infection is severe, you may need to take antibiotics for a few months or may need injected antibiotics such as plazomicin (Zemdri). […] UTIs generally can cause a range of symptoms, including an urgent, frequent need to pee, often with little urine output, burning urination, and pelvic pain.

• #2 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Complications of E. coli Infections […] Healthy people infected with E. coli usually feel better within a week. But some people have a serious complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome, which affects the kidneys. This is more likely to happen to older people and children. […] Symptoms include: […] Vomiting […] Bloody diarrhea […] Stomach pain […] Fever and chills […] As the infection gets worse, you could have: […] Fatigue and weakness […] Fainting […] Bruising […] Pale skin […] Complications may lead to high blood pressure, kidney disease, seizures, blood-clotting problems, stroke, or coma. […] E. coli can also cause sepsis or malnutrition (lack of absorption of nutrients due to chronic diarrhea). […] E. coli Prevention […] One of the most important things you can do to protect yourself and your family against E. coli is to wash your hands, particularly in these situations:

• #2

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk7127

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line (811 in most provinces and territories) if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] E. coli usually goes away on its own. You usually don’t need antibiotics. […] Call your doctor or nurse advice line now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. You have a new or higher fever. You are dizzy or light-headed, or you feel like you may faint. You have symptoms of dehydration, such as: Dry eyes and a dry mouth. Passing only a little urine. Feeling thirstier than normal. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor or nurse advice line if: You do not get better as expected.

• #2 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  E. coli Symptoms […] Youll probably start to feel ill 2 to 5 days of getting the E. coli bacteria. The most common symptoms are: […] Abdominal cramps […] Diarrhea, which may be bloody […] Nausea […] Constant fatigue […] You may not have a fever. If you do, it may be slight. […] Severe symptoms of E. coli […] These can include: […] Diarrhea lasting longer than 3 days […] Diarrhea with blood […] Diarrhea with fever over 102 F […] Severe vomiting […] If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor right away. […] E. coli Treatment […] The only way your doctor can know for sure if you have an E. coli infection is to send a sample of your stool to a lab to be analyzed. […] Fortunately, the infection usually goes away on its own. […] For some types of E. coli associated with diarrhea, such as the watery travelers diarrhea, antibiotics can shorten the length of time you have symptoms and might be used in moderately severe cases.

• #2 For health professionals: E. coli (Escherichia coli) infection – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/e-coli/health-professionals-e-coli.html

  E. coli bacteria are in the family Enterobacteriaceae, and can cause food-borne and water-borne illness. […] Verotoxigenic E. coli infections are national notifiable diseases. All health professionals are to report cases to their provincial or territorial public health authorities. […] Antimicrobial therapy is generally not indicated for E. coli infections. […] Treatment of fluid and electrolyte loss is usually achieved through oral rehydration. The use of the World Health Organization oral rehydration salts (ORS) solution has been recommended. […] Dehydration may become severe or life-threatening in neonates and children, necessitating aggressive fluid and electrolyte replacement. […] Intravenous rehydration may be necessary for: infants, those with severe dehydration, individuals with excessive vomiting. […] Bismuth subsalicylate may decrease the duration of disease and the amount of diarrhea. […] Health professionals in Canada play a critical role in identifying and reporting cases of E. coli infection.

• #2 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nurses are vital in recognizing patients at risk for UTIs and educating them on preventing recurrent infections. […] Nurses administer antibiotics to treat UTIs, monitor for symptom resolution through urinalysis, and take special precautions in caring for patients with catheters to prevent CAUTI. […] Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. […] Adherence to the prescribed antibiotic treatment is necessary to kill the bacteria. […] Hydration increases urination and flushes out the urinary tract. If not contraindicated, increase oral fluid intake. […] Encourage the patient to void frequently to excrete bacteria from the urinary system. […] One of the most effective strategies to prevent UTIs and recurrent infections is by practicing personal hygiene.

• #2 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  For patients who require catheters, implement sterile technique when inserting a catheter. […] Regular and thorough perineal care and catheter care are vital for infection prevention. […] Understanding the risk factors that contribute to the development of UTI can help plan an appropriate approach to treating the underlying condition, resolving the current symptoms and infection, and preventing recurrence. […] Cranberry extract may be useful in some patients to prevent UTI recurrence, as it can produce an acidic environment that will make it difficult for bacteria to grow.

• #2 E. Coli Infection: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.e-coli-infection-care-instructions.abk7127

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] E. coli usually goes away on its own. You usually don’t need antibiotics. […] To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of fluids. Choose water and other clear liquids until you feel better. […] Call your doctor now or seek immediate medical care if: You have new or worse belly pain. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: You do not get better as expected.

• #2 Controlling Spread of E. Coli | Health & Human Services

  https://hhs.iowa.gov/center-acute-disease-epidemiology/epi-manual/reportable-diseases/e-coli-pathogenic-1

  No one should be at work with active diarrhea. […] If the HCW does have contact with the patient, the patients environment or food and has diarrhea, exclude from work until diarrhea is resolved and two stool cultures collected at least 24 hours apart and at least 48 hours after discontinuation of antibiotics are negative. […] Staff members who give direct patient care that includes oral contact (e.g., feed patients, give mouth or denture care, or give medications) are considered food handlers and are subject to food handler restrictions, meaning they should not return to those duties until they have 2 negative stool cultures taken at least 24 hours apart and not sooner than 48 hours following the discontinuation of antibiotics. […] Household contacts that are symptomatic and employed as food handlers, child care workers, or persons responsible for direct patient care should be excluded from their duties until their diarrhea ceases.

• #2 Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cmctmed.com/medical-conditions/Diarrhea-Caused-by-Specific-Types-of-E-coli-Escher

  Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)Child Care and Schools […] Although many types of Escherichia coli (E coli) bacteria live normally in the intestinal tract, at least 5 types are known to cause diarrhea. […] Shiga toxin-producing E coli has caused numerous outbreaks in group care settings. […] Infections with Shiga toxin-producing E coli may be associated with other severe problems, such as bleeding from irritation of the bowel, kidney damage, and blood cell damage, also known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. […] Use good hand-hygiene technique at all the times listed in Chapter 2, especially after toilet use or handling soiled diapers and before anything to do with food preparation or eating. […] Ensure proper surface disinfection that includes cleaning and rinsing of surfaces that may have become contaminated with stool (feces) with detergent and water and application of a US Environmental Protection Agencyregistered disinfectant according to the instructions on the product label.

• #2 Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cmctmed.com/medical-conditions/Diarrhea-Caused-by-Specific-Types-of-E-coli-Escher

  Exclude infected staff members who handle food. […] Make sure someone has notified local public health authorities that the infected child or adult attends or works at a child care facility if Shiga toxin-producing E coli is identified by a health professional. […] A child or staff member with Shiga toxin-producing E coli may have bloody diarrhea, which should trigger a medical evaluation. […] Report outbreaks of diarrhea (more than 2 children or staff members in the group) to the health consultant, who may contact the local health department. […] Follow the advice of the child’s or staff member’s health professional. […] Report the infection to the local health department, as the health professional who makes the diagnosis may not report that the infected person is a participant in an early education/child care program or school, and this could lead to loss of precious time for controlling the spread of the disease.

• #2 High Prevalence of ESBL Genes in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Urinary Tract: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship among Residents of Ghanaian Elderly Nursing Care Homes

  https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/8/985

  The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) pose significant challenges to the treatment and control of urinary tract infections, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly living in nursing care homes. […] In summary, we observed relatively high rates of resistance to antibiotics as well as alarming rates of ESBL genes in the isolated pathogens. These findings emphasise the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programmes to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in nursing care homes. […] Despite the global recognition of ESBL-mediated E. coli AMR, limited data are available on the prevalence and implications of ESBL genes among elderly residents of nursing care homes in Ghana.

• #2 Antibiotic-resistant E. coli is on the rise in nursing homes, study shows – McKnight’s Long-Term Care News

  https://www.mcknights.com/news/antibiotic-resistant-e-coli-is-on-the-rise-in-nursing-homes-study-shows/

  An antibiotic-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is on the rise in long-term care facilities, according to a study in the April issue of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. […] Nursing home staff should be alert to ST131 because individuals with this type of E. coli are often initially treated with ineffective antibiotics, which can cause the condition to worsen or recur, the researchers said. […] The finding indicates an urgent need for improved antibiotic use and infection control practices, Banerjee stated.

• #2 Nursing Home Infection: Bedsores Leading to E. coli | Senior Justice Law Firm

  https://seniorjustice.com/nursing-home-infection-bedsores-leading-to-e-coli/

  Safeguarding bedsores from infection requires nursing home staff to provide proper bedsore care. Because an E. coli bedsore infection can quickly turn fatal, nursing home facilities must comply with written infection policies and procedures to prevent dangerous complications. When nursing staff fails to institute or follow proper procedures or provide patients with proper hygiene and high-quality care, their negligence may lead to a medical malpractice lawsuit.

• #2 Escherichia coli (E coli) Infections Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Inpatient & Outpatient Medications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217485-followup

  Supportive care and rehabilitation should be provided to persons with meningitis who develop neurologic sequelae. […] Further inpatient care includes the following: Supportive and symptomatic care, Adequate hydration and oxygenation, Periodic neurological test for meningitis. […] Most severe Escherichia coli (E coli) infections warrant hospitalization due to the potential for rapid clinical deterioration. These include meningitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis/cholangitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and some cases of complicated UTI and pyelonephritis. […] In patients with pyelonephritis, a switch to oral medications should be made as soon as the patient is able to tolerate oral intake. […] The duration of therapy depends on the type of infection and clinical syndrome. […] In cases of STEC diarrhea, antibiotics are contraindicated; treatment is supportive and symptomatic in nature.

• #2 E. Coli Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ecoli.html

  E. coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines, where it helps the body break down and digest food. […] Infections due to E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria can cause severe, bloody diarrhea. […] But most healthy people who get an infection don’t develop serious problems and recover on their own without treatment. […] Yes, an E. coli infection is contagious for at least as long as the person has diarrhea, and sometimes longer. […] Most people recover completely from an E. coli infection. […] Kids with an E. coli infection should rest as much as possible and drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. […] Those who get dehydrated might need to get care in a hospital and be given IV fluids. […] Call your doctor if your child has any symptoms of an E. coli infection, especially stomach pain or lasting, severe, or bloody diarrhea. […] Call right away if your child shows signs of dehydration (such as peeing less than normal) or of hemolytic uremic syndrome, especially if your child had a recent gastrointestinal illness.

• #2 Escherichia coli (E coli) Infections Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217485-treatment

  Medical care of Escherichia coli (E coli) infection is based on the clinical syndrome and severity of the infection. […] In addition to antibiotics, provide supportive care, such as hydration, adequate oxygenation, and blood pressure support, if indicated. […] Consultation with an infectious disease provider is recommended to treat infections that require long-term IV antibiotics and monitoring. […] Generally, no long-term monitoring for E coli related infections is required once the initial infection is identified and treated. Weekly safety lab monitoring may be needed if the patient is on long term IV antibiotic therapy to treat the infection.

• #2 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Before you prepare food […] Before preparing bottles or food for infants and toddlers […] Before touching anything, such as a pacifier, that goes into a small child’s mouth. […] After you’ve used the bathroom or changed a diaper […] After you’ve had contact with animals, even your own pets […] After handling raw meat […] You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: […] Cook hamburgers until they’re 160 F inside. […] Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. […] Wash all of your produce before you eat it. Be especially careful to get dirt off leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach. […] In your kitchen, a couple of simple rules will help keep you safe: […] Wash: Clean knives, counters, and cutting boards with hot, soapy water after raw meat has touched them.

• #2 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Keep raw and cooked separate: Use different cutting boards for your food. Keep one for raw meat and another for raw fruits and veggies. Don’t put cooked meat back on the same plate you used for raw meat without washing the plate first. […] When you’re swimming, try not to swallow the water, whether it’s a pool, a lake, or the ocean. It may be tainted with E. coli from feces.

• #2 Escherichia coli – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/escherichia-coli.shtml

  E. coli are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, while others can make you sick. One of the most common strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is often the cause of foodborne outbreaks. People of any age can become infected. However, very young children and older adults are more likely to develop severe illness. […] Hydration is important in treating E. coli. Antibiotics should not be used. […] Know your chances of getting sick. People with higher chances of foodborne illness are pregnant women, newborns, children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. […] Practice proper handwashing. Wash your hands thoroughly: After using the bathroom, Before preparing or eating food, After contact with animals or their environments, Before preparing and feeding bottles or foods to an infant or toddler.

• #2 Health Care Provider Information on E. coli and HUS – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/ecoli/healthcare.html

  Reporting Enteric Escherichia coli infection (E. coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli) Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases of Escherichia coli to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided. […] Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. […] HUS develops in about 5% of reported E. coli O157:H7 cases, most frequently in young children or the elderly. […] Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. With intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3%-5%.

• #2 Health: Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Prevention Division: E coli

  https://www.in.gov/health/idepd/diseases-and-conditions-resource-page/e-coli/

  Escherichia coli, also known as E. Coli, are bacteria that can be found in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. Most strains of E. Coli are harmless and do not cause disease. However, some types of E. Coli can produce Shiga toxin. This toxin can cause illness with symptoms of stomach cramps, diarrhea (sometimes bloody), and vomiting. Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC) is the most common type of toxin-producing E. Coli. […] STEC infections should be treated with supportive therapy, such as hydration. There is also no evidence that treating STEC infections with antibiotics is helpful, and they should not be used since they may increase the risk of HUS. Antidiarrheal agents like Imodium may also lead to an increased risk of HUS and should be avoided. […] Once you or your child start having symptoms of the illness, such as diarrhea, do not attend work (specifically for food handlers, healthcare workers, daycare workers) or attend daycare or school until a healthcare provider or someone from your local health department says you are clear to go back. […] Always visit your healthcare provider if your STEC symptoms worsen or do not improve over time.

• #3 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  But if you have fever or bloody diarrhea or if your doctor suspects Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, don’t take antibiotics. They can actually increase the production of Shiga toxin and worsen your symptoms. […] Its important to rest and get plenty of fluids to replace what your body is losing through vomiting or diarrhea. […] Dont take over-the-counter medications that fight diarrhea. You dont want to slow down your digestive system because that will delay your bodys shedding of the infection. […] When you start to feel better, stick to low-fiber foods at first such as: […] Crackers […] Toast […] Eggs […] Rice […] Dairy products and foods that are high in fat or fiber can make your symptoms worse. […] If you have another type of infection, like a UTI, sepsis (your body’s extreme reaction to an infection) or meningitis (inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord), your doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

• #3 Health Care Provider Information on E. coli and HUS – MN Dept. of Health

  https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/ecoli/healthcare.html

  Reporting Enteric Escherichia coli infection (E. coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli) Health care providers and clinical laboratories are required to report cases and suspect cases of Escherichia coli to the Minnesota Department of Health. […] Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided. […] Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. […] HUS develops in about 5% of reported E. coli O157:H7 cases, most frequently in young children or the elderly. […] Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. With intensive care, the death rate for hemolytic uremic syndrome is 3%-5%.

• #3 Treatment of E. coli Infection | E. coli infection | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/treatment/index.html

  Some kinds of E. coli can cause diarrhea. […] People with diarrhea should drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Call the doctor before using anti-diarrheal medication. […] Most people recover without using antibiotics. […] People with diarrhea should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. […] Talk to your healthcare provider before taking anti-diarrheal medication, such as Imodium. […] Taking anti-diarrheal medication might help with diarrhea and cramps, but it might make your illness last longer. […] Do not use anti-diarrheal medication with high fever or bloody diarrhea. […] Do not use anti-diarrheal medication with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infection. Using anti-diarrheal medication with STEC infection can increase the chance of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).

• #3 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/urinary-tract-infection-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  For patients who require catheters, implement sterile technique when inserting a catheter. […] Regular and thorough perineal care and catheter care are vital for infection prevention. […] Understanding the risk factors that contribute to the development of UTI can help plan an appropriate approach to treating the underlying condition, resolving the current symptoms and infection, and preventing recurrence. […] Cranberry extract may be useful in some patients to prevent UTI recurrence, as it can produce an acidic environment that will make it difficult for bacteria to grow.

• #3 Ill. Admin. Code tit. 77, § 690.400 – Escherichia coli Infections (E. coli O157 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli) (Reportable by telephone, facsimile, or electronically as soon as possible, within 24 hours) | State Regulations | US Law | LII / Lega

  https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/illinois/Ill-Admin-Code-tit-77-SS-690.400

  Cases with E. coli infections caused by E. coli O157 or other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli shall not work as food handlers or in sensitive occupations until diarrhea has ceased for at least 48 hours and two consecutive negative stool specimens are obtained. […] Local health authorities may require specimens from health care workers or those who work in occupations requiring standard precautions if there is reason to believe that specimen testing is necessary. […] When specimen submission is required, health care workers who feed patients or assist patients with eating, provide or prepare meals for patients, provide denture or oral care or dispense or administer medications, shall be restricted from these duties until two negative stool specimens are obtained. […] Local health authorities may require specimens from health care workers or those who work in occupations requiring standard precautions if there is reason to believe that specimen testing is necessary.

• #3 Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cmctmed.com/medical-conditions/Diarrhea-Caused-by-Specific-Types-of-E-coli-Escher

  Exclude infected staff members who handle food. […] Make sure someone has notified local public health authorities that the infected child or adult attends or works at a child care facility if Shiga toxin-producing E coli is identified by a health professional. […] A child or staff member with Shiga toxin-producing E coli may have bloody diarrhea, which should trigger a medical evaluation. […] Report outbreaks of diarrhea (more than 2 children or staff members in the group) to the health consultant, who may contact the local health department. […] Follow the advice of the child’s or staff member’s health professional. […] Report the infection to the local health department, as the health professional who makes the diagnosis may not report that the infected person is a participant in an early education/child care program or school, and this could lead to loss of precious time for controlling the spread of the disease.

• #3 Diarrhea Caused by Specific Types of E coli (Escherichia coli)—Child Care and Schools

  https://www.cmctmed.com/medical-conditions/Diarrhea-Caused-by-Specific-Types-of-E-coli-Escher

  Exclude from group setting? Yes, if Shiga toxin-producing E coli is identified and for any type of E coli diarrhea if the local health department determines exclusion is needed to control an outbreak. […] Antibiotics are not recommended for diarrhea caused by Shiga toxin-producing E coli. […] The significant risks of such animal contact should be weighed against the benefits.

• #3 High Prevalence of ESBL Genes in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Urinary Tract: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship among Residents of Ghanaian Elderly Nursing Care Homes

  https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/8/985

  The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) pose significant challenges to the treatment and control of urinary tract infections, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the elderly living in nursing care homes. […] In summary, we observed relatively high rates of resistance to antibiotics as well as alarming rates of ESBL genes in the isolated pathogens. These findings emphasise the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programmes to mitigate the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in nursing care homes. […] Despite the global recognition of ESBL-mediated E. coli AMR, limited data are available on the prevalence and implications of ESBL genes among elderly residents of nursing care homes in Ghana.

• #3 E. Coli Infections (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/ecoli.html

  E. coli is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines, where it helps the body break down and digest food. […] Infections due to E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria can cause severe, bloody diarrhea. […] But most healthy people who get an infection don’t develop serious problems and recover on their own without treatment. […] Yes, an E. coli infection is contagious for at least as long as the person has diarrhea, and sometimes longer. […] Most people recover completely from an E. coli infection. […] Kids with an E. coli infection should rest as much as possible and drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. […] Those who get dehydrated might need to get care in a hospital and be given IV fluids. […] Call your doctor if your child has any symptoms of an E. coli infection, especially stomach pain or lasting, severe, or bloody diarrhea. […] Call right away if your child shows signs of dehydration (such as peeing less than normal) or of hemolytic uremic syndrome, especially if your child had a recent gastrointestinal illness.

• #3 Escherichia coli (E coli) Infections Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Further Inpatient Care, Inpatient & Outpatient Medications

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217485-followup

  Supportive care and rehabilitation should be provided to persons with meningitis who develop neurologic sequelae. […] Further inpatient care includes the following: Supportive and symptomatic care, Adequate hydration and oxygenation, Periodic neurological test for meningitis. […] Most severe Escherichia coli (E coli) infections warrant hospitalization due to the potential for rapid clinical deterioration. These include meningitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis/cholangitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and some cases of complicated UTI and pyelonephritis. […] In patients with pyelonephritis, a switch to oral medications should be made as soon as the patient is able to tolerate oral intake. […] The duration of therapy depends on the type of infection and clinical syndrome. […] In cases of STEC diarrhea, antibiotics are contraindicated; treatment is supportive and symptomatic in nature.

• #3 E. coli Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-is-e-coli

  Before you prepare food […] Before preparing bottles or food for infants and toddlers […] Before touching anything, such as a pacifier, that goes into a small child’s mouth. […] After you’ve used the bathroom or changed a diaper […] After you’ve had contact with animals, even your own pets […] After handling raw meat […] You can also prevent E. coli infections by being careful about the foods that carry the greatest chance of contamination: […] Cook hamburgers until they’re 160 F inside. […] Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider. […] Wash all of your produce before you eat it. Be especially careful to get dirt off leafy greens such as lettuce and spinach. […] In your kitchen, a couple of simple rules will help keep you safe: […] Wash: Clean knives, counters, and cutting boards with hot, soapy water after raw meat has touched them.

• #3 Escherichia coli – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/escherichia-coli.shtml

  E. coli are bacteria found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, while others can make you sick. One of the most common strains, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), is often the cause of foodborne outbreaks. People of any age can become infected. However, very young children and older adults are more likely to develop severe illness. […] Hydration is important in treating E. coli. Antibiotics should not be used. […] Know your chances of getting sick. People with higher chances of foodborne illness are pregnant women, newborns, children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. […] Practice proper handwashing. Wash your hands thoroughly: After using the bathroom, Before preparing or eating food, After contact with animals or their environments, Before preparing and feeding bottles or foods to an infant or toddler.

• #3 Escherichia coli – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/escherichia-coli.shtml

  Follow the four steps to food safety when preparing food: clean, separate, cook, and chill. […] Be mindful of cross contamination in food preparation areas. Thoroughly wash hands, counters, cutting boards, and utensils after they touch raw meat. […] Avoid raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products, and unpasteurized juices. […] Information for Health Care Professionals.

• #3 E. coli – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/e-coli/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20372064

  To diagnose illness caused by E. coli infection, your doctor sends a sample of your stool to a laboratory to test for the presence of E. coli bacteria. The bacteria may be cultured to confirm the diagnosis and identify specific toxins, such as those produced by E. coli O157:H7. […] For illness caused by E. coli, no current treatments can cure the infection, relieve symptoms or prevent complications. For most people, treatment includes: Rest, Fluids to help prevent dehydration and fatigue. […] Avoid taking an anti-diarrheal medication this slows your digestive system down, preventing your body from getting rid of the toxins. Antibiotics generally aren’t recommended because they can increase the risk of serious complications and they don’t appear to help treat the infection. […] If you have a serious E. coli infection that has caused a life-threatening form of kidney failure (hemolytic uremic syndrome), you’ll be hospitalized. Treatment includes IV fluids, blood transfusions and kidney dialysis. […] If you or your child has an E. coli infection, it may be tempting to use an anti-diarrheal medication, but don’t. Diarrhea is one way the body rids itself of toxins. Preventing diarrhea slows that process down. […] Take small sips of fluid as tolerated to try to stay hydrated.

• #4 Escherichia coli – Disease Surveillance Epidemiology Program – MeCDC; DHHS Maine

  https://www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/infectious-disease/epi/disease/escherichia-coli.shtml

  Follow the four steps to food safety when preparing food: clean, separate, cook, and chill. […] Be mindful of cross contamination in food preparation areas. Thoroughly wash hands, counters, cutting boards, and utensils after they touch raw meat. […] Avoid raw milk, unpasteurized dairy products, and unpasteurized juices. […] Information for Health Care Professionals.

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