Materiały źródłowe

• #1 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  The treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity is urgent due to at least three main factors: i. the dramatic epidemiological impact of obesity, which is continuously increasing in all the world; ii. the association of obesity with metabolic [impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), etc.] and non-metabolic (weight stigma, teasing, bullying, victimization, low self-esteem, depression, body -image disturbances, eating, respiratory and orthopedic disorders, etc.) disorders; iii. the reduction of life expectancy in youth with obesity. […] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suggests lifestyle intervention as the primary approach to managing obesity. However, available data suggest that therapeutic interventions for childhood and adolescent obesity have shown modest efficacy, especially in the long term, and relapse is fairly common. In recent years, bariatric surgery and drug therapy showed some encouraging results on substantial and lasting weight loss and contribute to the increase of the treatment portfolio available for the clinician.

• #2 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Treatment for childhood obesity is based on factors such as your child’s age and whether your child has other health conditions. Treatment usually includes changes in your child’s eating habits and physical activity level. The key is to make these healthy changes over time and help your child follow them long term. Sometimes, treatment also includes medicines or weight-loss surgery. […] Experts recommend that treatment include a mix of the following: A healthcare team’s guidance on nutrition and physical activity. Skills for building habits as a family to form a healthy lifestyle over time. These habits need to work for the family long term. […] In some areas, these treatments are offered in the form of classes that children and parents attend together. Or parents might go to such classes and apply what they’ve learned at home. When these classes aren’t available, your child’s healthcare professional may need to work with you to arrange key parts of the treatment plan. These parts include visits with a dietitian and more-regular healthcare visits that are focused on supporting healthy habits and goals.

• #3

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/kids-health/new-guidelines-treating-childhood-obesity-include-medications-surgery-rcna64651

  For the first time in 15 years, the American Academy of Pediatrics on Monday released new guidelines for treating childhood obesity, emphasizing a need for early and intensive treatment. […] The new guidelines emphasize that obesity is a complex and chronic condition without a simple fix. Intensive behavioral and lifestyle changes should be the first-line approach, but the AAP also includes recommendations for anti-obesity medications and surgery for the first time. […] We now have evidence that obesity therapy is effective. There is treatment, and now is the time to recognize that obesity is a chronic disease and should be addressed as we address other chronic diseases, said Dr. Sandra Hassink, medical director of the AAP Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight and co-author of the new guidelines.

• #4 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  At present, three treatment options for children and adolescents with obesity are available: lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. […] Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention programs that focus on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral change are the first and most frequently applied treatment options for obesity. […] The evidence that lifestyle intervention is effective in treating comorbidities that often accompany pediatric severe obesity further justifies its use as the first step in the treatment program even if clinically meaningful weight loss is difficult to achieve in youth with severe obesity, especially adolescents. […] The treatment of obesity, i.e., the excessive accumulation of fat in the body, should be based on an action on the specific causes of this condition.

• #5 Treatment for Children and Adolescents – Obesity Action Coalition

  https://www.obesityaction.org/education-support/learn-about-childhood-obesity/treatment/

  Treating obesity in children and adolescents differs from treatment in adults. Involving the family in a child’s weight management program is a key element of treatment. As a support system, family is integral in meeting weight management goals. […] It is important to talk with your physician about options for treating childhood obesity. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Comprehensive obesity treatment may include nutrition support, physical activity treatment, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] Nutrition Support: When treating a child or adolescent affected by obesity, it is often recommended that they consult a dietitian specializing in children’s needs. Dietitians can best help children and their families understand healthy eating habits and how to implement them in their long-term diet.

• #6 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Treatment for childhood obesity is based on factors such as your child’s age and whether your child has other health conditions. Treatment usually includes changes in your child’s eating habits and physical activity level. The key is to make these healthy changes over time and help your child follow them long term. Sometimes, treatment also includes medicines or weight-loss surgery. […] Experts recommend that treatment include a mix of the following: A healthcare team’s guidance on nutrition and physical activity. Skills for building habits as a family to form a healthy lifestyle over time. These habits need to work for the family long term. […] In some areas, these treatments are offered in the form of classes that children and parents attend together. Or parents might go to such classes and apply what they’ve learned at home. When these classes aren’t available, your child’s healthcare professional may need to work with you to arrange key parts of the treatment plan. These parts include visits with a dietitian and more-regular healthcare visits that are focused on supporting healthy habits and goals.

• #7 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  „Primary goal in obesity treatment is improvement of long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits.” […] Barlow and the Expert Committee have recommended a four stage treatment plan for patients and families, with increasing intensity at each stage (Barlow, 2007). […] Patients should be given a trial of 3-6 months at one stage before advancing to the next stage of treatment. Outcome measure is weight or BMI percentile. […] Stage 1 – Prevention Plus […] Families focus on basic healthy lifestyle eating and activity habits with improved BMI status […] This stage can be initiated by any health care provider – physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nursing staff […] Stage 2 Structured Weight Management […] Patients should be seen at least monthly in the office

• #8 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  „Primary goal in obesity treatment is improvement of long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits.” […] Barlow and the Expert Committee have recommended a four stage treatment plan for patients and families, with increasing intensity at each stage (Barlow, 2007). […] Patients should be given a trial of 3-6 months at one stage before advancing to the next stage of treatment. Outcome measure is weight or BMI percentile. […] Stage 1 – Prevention Plus […] Families focus on basic healthy lifestyle eating and activity habits with improved BMI status […] This stage can be initiated by any health care provider – physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nursing staff […] Stage 2 Structured Weight Management […] Patients should be seen at least monthly in the office

• #9 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  „Primary goal in obesity treatment is improvement of long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits.” […] Barlow and the Expert Committee have recommended a four stage treatment plan for patients and families, with increasing intensity at each stage (Barlow, 2007). […] Patients should be given a trial of 3-6 months at one stage before advancing to the next stage of treatment. Outcome measure is weight or BMI percentile. […] Stage 1 – Prevention Plus […] Families focus on basic healthy lifestyle eating and activity habits with improved BMI status […] This stage can be initiated by any health care provider – physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nursing staff […] Stage 2 Structured Weight Management […] Patients should be seen at least monthly in the office

• #10 Childhood Obesity: Highlights of AMA Expert Committee Recommendations | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0701/p56.html

  Despite the seriousness of childhood obesity, effective and safe prevention and treatment programs are not widely available. Specialized centers offer effective intensive counseling programs that promote behavior modification for obese children. […] The Expert Committee recommends that weight and weight-related lifestyle habits be addressed with all patients at least once annually. Children with a healthy weight (i.e., a BMI between the 5th and 84th percentiles) should follow prevention recommendations described in the next section. For overweight and obese children and adolescents two to 19 years of age, the committee recommends a staged approach of increasing intensity, depending on progress. […] This first step involves making specific dietary and physical activity recommendations, such as encouraging fruit and vegetable consumption and limiting television and other screen time.

• #11 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  „Primary goal in obesity treatment is improvement of long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits.” […] Barlow and the Expert Committee have recommended a four stage treatment plan for patients and families, with increasing intensity at each stage (Barlow, 2007). […] Patients should be given a trial of 3-6 months at one stage before advancing to the next stage of treatment. Outcome measure is weight or BMI percentile. […] Stage 1 – Prevention Plus […] Families focus on basic healthy lifestyle eating and activity habits with improved BMI status […] This stage can be initiated by any health care provider – physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nursing staff […] Stage 2 Structured Weight Management […] Patients should be seen at least monthly in the office

• #12 Childhood Obesity: Highlights of AMA Expert Committee Recommendations | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0701/p56.html

  This second step involves providing a more structured plan for children and families that includes a low-energy-dense, balanced diet; structured meals; supervised physical activity of at least 60 minutes daily; one hour or less of screen time per day; and increased self-monitoring of these behaviors through completion of logs. […] These more intensive interventions are delivered by highly trained teams with expertise in obesity. They are suitable for children who have not succeeded in achieving a healthier weight through Stages 1 and 2. […] The Expert Committee has adopted targets for healthy weight depending on age and degree of obesity. The ultimate goal for most children should always be the adoption of healthy behaviors for a lifetime. Healthy weight targets, however, provide family physicians with some general guidelines on what to expect from treatment.

• #13 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  „Primary goal in obesity treatment is improvement of long-term physical health through permanent healthy lifestyle habits.” […] Barlow and the Expert Committee have recommended a four stage treatment plan for patients and families, with increasing intensity at each stage (Barlow, 2007). […] Patients should be given a trial of 3-6 months at one stage before advancing to the next stage of treatment. Outcome measure is weight or BMI percentile. […] Stage 1 – Prevention Plus […] Families focus on basic healthy lifestyle eating and activity habits with improved BMI status […] This stage can be initiated by any health care provider – physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, nursing staff […] Stage 2 Structured Weight Management […] Patients should be seen at least monthly in the office

• #14 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  Stage 3 – Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention […] A multidisciplinary team with experience in childhood obesity, including a behavioral counselor, registered dietitian, exercise specialist, and primary care provider who continues to monitor medical issues and maintains a supportive alliance with the families should be involved. […] Stage 4 – Tertiary Care Intervention […] Medications […] Sibutramine (SSNRI) – can increase weight loss in adolescents participating in a diet and exercise program (trade names Reductil and Meridia, by Abbott) […] Orlistat (trade name Xenical, by Roche) – causes fat malabsorption through inhibition of enteric lipase. […] Sibutramine is approved in patients 16 years and orlistat in patients 12 years of age.

• #15 Childhood Obesity: Highlights of AMA Expert Committee Recommendations | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0701/p56.html

  This second step involves providing a more structured plan for children and families that includes a low-energy-dense, balanced diet; structured meals; supervised physical activity of at least 60 minutes daily; one hour or less of screen time per day; and increased self-monitoring of these behaviors through completion of logs. […] These more intensive interventions are delivered by highly trained teams with expertise in obesity. They are suitable for children who have not succeeded in achieving a healthier weight through Stages 1 and 2. […] The Expert Committee has adopted targets for healthy weight depending on age and degree of obesity. The ultimate goal for most children should always be the adoption of healthy behaviors for a lifetime. Healthy weight targets, however, provide family physicians with some general guidelines on what to expect from treatment.

• #16 CPE Monthly: Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment – Today’s Dietitian Magazine

  https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/0818p52.shtml

  Evidence-based prevention of and treatment for childhood obesity is a priority in health care because targeting this problem early in children’s lives may reduce the likelihood of developing various risk factors associated with obesity in adulthood. Prevention and treatment strategies for pediatric overweight and obesity are commonly categorized along a continuum. Population-level prevention approaches are interventions that are offered to the entire population of children in a community, school, or health care setting. This is referred to as primary prevention and is offered to children of all body sizes and weights. […] Secondary prevention strategies and interventions are more structured and directed at overweight and obese youth to help them achieve a healthier weight. Tertiary prevention interventions are the most intensive and comprehensive medical treatment programs for overweight and obese children and adolescents. These programs are conducted under medical supervision and are designed to resolve or decrease the severity of complications related to excess weight. RDs have a role at each level of prevention.

• #17 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  Stage 3 – Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention […] A multidisciplinary team with experience in childhood obesity, including a behavioral counselor, registered dietitian, exercise specialist, and primary care provider who continues to monitor medical issues and maintains a supportive alliance with the families should be involved. […] Stage 4 – Tertiary Care Intervention […] Medications […] Sibutramine (SSNRI) – can increase weight loss in adolescents participating in a diet and exercise program (trade names Reductil and Meridia, by Abbott) […] Orlistat (trade name Xenical, by Roche) – causes fat malabsorption through inhibition of enteric lipase. […] Sibutramine is approved in patients 16 years and orlistat in patients 12 years of age.

• #18 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  At present, three treatment options for children and adolescents with obesity are available: lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. […] Multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention programs that focus on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral change are the first and most frequently applied treatment options for obesity. […] The evidence that lifestyle intervention is effective in treating comorbidities that often accompany pediatric severe obesity further justifies its use as the first step in the treatment program even if clinically meaningful weight loss is difficult to achieve in youth with severe obesity, especially adolescents. […] The treatment of obesity, i.e., the excessive accumulation of fat in the body, should be based on an action on the specific causes of this condition.

• #19 Treatment for Children and Adolescents – Obesity Action Coalition

  https://www.obesityaction.org/education-support/learn-about-childhood-obesity/treatment/

  Physical Activity: Another form of obesity treatment in children is to increase physical activity, which is crucial for long-term health. […] Behavior Modification: Behavioral treatment includes a focus on nutrition, physical activity and behavioral change support. The intervention helps families turn newly-learned healthy behaviors into habits. Programs that engage the whole family can help support healthier weight and improve the health and well-being of children and adolescents who have obesity. […] Pharmacotherapy: Four anti-obesity medications are now approved for treating adolescents starting at age 12: Xenical®/Alli® (Orlistat), liraglutide (Saxenda®), phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia®), and semaglutide (Wegovy®). […] Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Both laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are effective weight loss procedures in children, leading to sustained weight loss and resolving many obesity-related conditions. […] Finding the right treatment for your child should be a family approach. As with adults, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for childhood obesity. It is important for your child to be a part of the decision-making plan and feel comfortable throughout the process.

• #20

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/evaluating-and-treating-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx

  „The goal is to help patients make changes in lifestyle, behaviors or environment in a way that is sustainable and involves families in decision-making at every step of the way.” […] Comprehensive obesity treatment may include nutrition support, physical activity treatment, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), while challenging to deliver and not universally available, is the most effective known behavioral treatment for child obesity. […] Evidence-based treatment delivered by trained health care professionals with active parent or caregiver involvement has no evidence of harm and can result in less disordered eating. […] Physicians should offer adolescents ages 12 years and older with obesity weight loss pharmacotherapy, according to medication indications, risks and benefits, as an adjunct to health behavior and lifestyle treatment.

• #21

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/evaluating-and-treating-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx

  „The goal is to help patients make changes in lifestyle, behaviors or environment in a way that is sustainable and involves families in decision-making at every step of the way.” […] Comprehensive obesity treatment may include nutrition support, physical activity treatment, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), while challenging to deliver and not universally available, is the most effective known behavioral treatment for child obesity. […] Evidence-based treatment delivered by trained health care professionals with active parent or caregiver involvement has no evidence of harm and can result in less disordered eating. […] Physicians should offer adolescents ages 12 years and older with obesity weight loss pharmacotherapy, according to medication indications, risks and benefits, as an adjunct to health behavior and lifestyle treatment.

• #22 Childhood Obesity: Causes & Problems

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9467-obesity-in-children

  Experts in childhood obesity highly recommend the use of intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT). This treatment educates and supports families in nutrition and physical activity changes that promote long-term health. […] IHBLT is most often effective when it: Happens face-to-face. Engages the whole family. Involves at least 26 hours of nutrition, physical activity and behavior change lessons over three to 12 months.

• #23 Childhood Obesity: Causes & Problems

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9467-obesity-in-children

  Experts in childhood obesity highly recommend the use of intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT). This treatment educates and supports families in nutrition and physical activity changes that promote long-term health. […] IHBLT is most often effective when it: Happens face-to-face. Engages the whole family. Involves at least 26 hours of nutrition, physical activity and behavior change lessons over three to 12 months.

• #24 Childhood Obesity: Causes & Problems

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9467-obesity-in-children

  Experts in childhood obesity highly recommend the use of intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT). This treatment educates and supports families in nutrition and physical activity changes that promote long-term health. […] IHBLT is most often effective when it: Happens face-to-face. Engages the whole family. Involves at least 26 hours of nutrition, physical activity and behavior change lessons over three to 12 months.

• #25 Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions and Treatment Indications for the Management of Obesity in Children and Adolescents

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10378563/

  Obesity management, including weight control and physical activity, should start before the late teens and certainly before the first signs of atherosclerosis can be detected. […] Although the literature data show that lifestyle modification programs are effective only if applied intensively and continuously, they remain the cornerstone of obesity management. Pharmacotherapy has been recommended only for obese youth with serious comorbidities resistant to lifestyle changes. […] The management of obesity requires behavioral changes, diet modifications, improved quality of sleep and increased physical as well as decreased sedentary activities. […] According to the US Preventive Services Task Force, a multicomponent intervention program is usually most effective when it occurs in person, engages the entire family and delivers at least 26 h per year of nutrition, physical activity and behavior-change sessions over 3 to 12 months.

• #26 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  The program is well-evaluated till 8 years later (Moens et al., 2010). […] The foundation of any treatment plan includes education about what constitutes a healthy lifestyle, with an emphasis on simple, sustainable changes. […] Incorporating physical activity is another essential component of obesity management. […] These small yet impactful changes help children and their families to make physical activity a regular part of their daily routines. […] Finally, these nutritional, physical, and lifestyle changes should be translated into small, achievable treatment goals. […] According to clinical guidelines, the main components of a lifestyle program include always some crucial cognitive behavioral strategies: self-monitoring (completion of diet and/or physical activity records), stimulus control techniques (to reorganize the environment), problem solving techniques, goal setting and contingency management (Bejarano, et al., 2019; see also NICE, 2023).

• #27 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  The concept of self-monitoring refers to observing and tracking targeted behaviors and serves as a precondition for the execution of new adaptive behaviors (Kanfer, 1970). […] Dietary intake is one of the most common behaviors self-monitored in behavioral weight control treatment that predicts successful weight loss (Laitner et al., 2016; Peterson et al., 2014). […] This food diary will guide goal setting or initiate problem solving through the whole program and will be discussed in every session. […] In children, Darling and Sato (2017) conducted a meta-analysis that focused only on mobile health technologies using self-monitoring for weight management finding small but significant effects on weight status and diet. […] Goal Setting. Managing nutritional and physical activity advices encompasses assessments focused on achievable steps (Gross et al., 2023).

• #28 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  The concept of self-monitoring refers to observing and tracking targeted behaviors and serves as a precondition for the execution of new adaptive behaviors (Kanfer, 1970). […] Dietary intake is one of the most common behaviors self-monitored in behavioral weight control treatment that predicts successful weight loss (Laitner et al., 2016; Peterson et al., 2014). […] This food diary will guide goal setting or initiate problem solving through the whole program and will be discussed in every session. […] In children, Darling and Sato (2017) conducted a meta-analysis that focused only on mobile health technologies using self-monitoring for weight management finding small but significant effects on weight status and diet. […] Goal Setting. Managing nutritional and physical activity advices encompasses assessments focused on achievable steps (Gross et al., 2023).

• #29 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  The concept of self-monitoring refers to observing and tracking targeted behaviors and serves as a precondition for the execution of new adaptive behaviors (Kanfer, 1970). […] Dietary intake is one of the most common behaviors self-monitored in behavioral weight control treatment that predicts successful weight loss (Laitner et al., 2016; Peterson et al., 2014). […] This food diary will guide goal setting or initiate problem solving through the whole program and will be discussed in every session. […] In children, Darling and Sato (2017) conducted a meta-analysis that focused only on mobile health technologies using self-monitoring for weight management finding small but significant effects on weight status and diet. […] Goal Setting. Managing nutritional and physical activity advices encompasses assessments focused on achievable steps (Gross et al., 2023).

• #30 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  This goal setting, as part of the CBT tools, involves also a contingency management plan (with small rewards) whereby the specific behavioral targets must be tailored to the individuals needs and capabilities. […] Another technique that has proven effective in treatment and is integral to cognitive behavioral approaches for addressing obesity is stimulus control. […] The environment greatly impacts childrens eating and activity patterns (Jelaian et al., 2009) and recent research identifies changes in the home food setting as pivotal in promoting child weight loss (Boutelle et al., 2021). […] Therefore, creating an environment that supports healthy choices is crucial for combating childhood obesity. […] Like in other cognitive behavioral interventions, also in this program problem-solving skills are taught (from the age of 8).

• #31 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  This goal setting, as part of the CBT tools, involves also a contingency management plan (with small rewards) whereby the specific behavioral targets must be tailored to the individuals needs and capabilities. […] Another technique that has proven effective in treatment and is integral to cognitive behavioral approaches for addressing obesity is stimulus control. […] The environment greatly impacts childrens eating and activity patterns (Jelaian et al., 2009) and recent research identifies changes in the home food setting as pivotal in promoting child weight loss (Boutelle et al., 2021). […] Therefore, creating an environment that supports healthy choices is crucial for combating childhood obesity. […] Like in other cognitive behavioral interventions, also in this program problem-solving skills are taught (from the age of 8).

• #32 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  This goal setting, as part of the CBT tools, involves also a contingency management plan (with small rewards) whereby the specific behavioral targets must be tailored to the individuals needs and capabilities. […] Another technique that has proven effective in treatment and is integral to cognitive behavioral approaches for addressing obesity is stimulus control. […] The environment greatly impacts childrens eating and activity patterns (Jelaian et al., 2009) and recent research identifies changes in the home food setting as pivotal in promoting child weight loss (Boutelle et al., 2021). […] Therefore, creating an environment that supports healthy choices is crucial for combating childhood obesity. […] Like in other cognitive behavioral interventions, also in this program problem-solving skills are taught (from the age of 8).

• #33 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  This goal setting, as part of the CBT tools, involves also a contingency management plan (with small rewards) whereby the specific behavioral targets must be tailored to the individuals needs and capabilities. […] Another technique that has proven effective in treatment and is integral to cognitive behavioral approaches for addressing obesity is stimulus control. […] The environment greatly impacts childrens eating and activity patterns (Jelaian et al., 2009) and recent research identifies changes in the home food setting as pivotal in promoting child weight loss (Boutelle et al., 2021). […] Therefore, creating an environment that supports healthy choices is crucial for combating childhood obesity. […] Like in other cognitive behavioral interventions, also in this program problem-solving skills are taught (from the age of 8).

• #34 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  It is especially important for weight loss because it helps individuals to manage obstacles, like social situations and/or high-risk periods (e.g., holidays), and to prevent relapses. […] In this context, working in groups is ideal and role play is recommended in every session. […] The ultimate goal is to install a supportive family climate in which all members follow the new healthy lifestyle. […] The review of Davison et al. (2023) concluded that a parent-only behavioral treatment can be considered as a Well-established treatment for both children and adolescents with weight problems. […] Addressing these challenges is essential for improving treatment adherence and overall success, underscoring the need for tailored strategies that consider the individuals psychological and behavioral profile.

• #35 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Theoretically, any therapeutic interventions in the child with obesity must achieve control of weight gain and reduction in body mass index (BMI) safely and effectively and should prevent the long-term complications of obesity in childhood and adulthood. […] A team approach to therapy, involving the efforts of nurse educators, nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and counselors, is likely to prove most effective. […] Recognize that a loss of 5-20% of total body weight can reduce many of the health risks associated with obesity in adults; however, whether modest weight loss or moderate reductions in BMI can improve outcomes in pediatric patients or reduce the long-term risks of obesity in adulthood is not known. […] Any intervention is likely to fail if it does not involve the active participation and support of family members.

• #36 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Theoretically, any therapeutic interventions in the child with obesity must achieve control of weight gain and reduction in body mass index (BMI) safely and effectively and should prevent the long-term complications of obesity in childhood and adulthood. […] A team approach to therapy, involving the efforts of nurse educators, nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and counselors, is likely to prove most effective. […] Recognize that a loss of 5-20% of total body weight can reduce many of the health risks associated with obesity in adults; however, whether modest weight loss or moderate reductions in BMI can improve outcomes in pediatric patients or reduce the long-term risks of obesity in adulthood is not known. […] Any intervention is likely to fail if it does not involve the active participation and support of family members.

• #37 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  In contrast to the above findings, DeBar et al recently reported that an intensive, group therapy approach was superior to standard, family-based therapy in achieving lifestyle changes (eg, less consumption of fast foods) and in reducing the BMI of overweight adolescents. […] An energy-restricted balanced diet, in association with patient and parent education, behavioral modification, and exercise can limit weight gain in many pediatric patients who have mild or moderate obesity. […] Programs that modify family patterns of eating are most likely to be successful. […] A protein-sparing modified fast can achieve rapid weight loss in an inpatient or outpatient setting and has been successfully used by numerous investigators in children and adolescents with obesity. […] Treatment of the psychiatric conditions may complicate or exacerbate problems associated with weight control, because numerous antidepressant medications, particularly tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), stimulate appetite and weight gain.

• #38 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Family therapy is effective in patients resistant to other therapeutic interventions, particularly those with parents who have obesity. […] Various bariatric surgical procedures have been used in adults and some adolescents (in most centers, patients 15 y) with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 40 kg/m2 or weight exceeding 100% of ideal body weight (IBW). […] Data suggest that the LAGB is associated with superior outcomes relative to those observed following VBG, and its low complication rate and reversibility make LAGB a viable alternative treatment for the adolescent patient. […] Guidelines released in 2023 from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that physicians offer bariatric surgery as an option to adolescents with obesity who are aged 13 years or older and have a BMI at the 95th percentile or higher.

• #39 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  It is especially important for weight loss because it helps individuals to manage obstacles, like social situations and/or high-risk periods (e.g., holidays), and to prevent relapses. […] In this context, working in groups is ideal and role play is recommended in every session. […] The ultimate goal is to install a supportive family climate in which all members follow the new healthy lifestyle. […] The review of Davison et al. (2023) concluded that a parent-only behavioral treatment can be considered as a Well-established treatment for both children and adolescents with weight problems. […] Addressing these challenges is essential for improving treatment adherence and overall success, underscoring the need for tailored strategies that consider the individuals psychological and behavioral profile.

• #40

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/childhood-obesity-treatment-effective-parents-child-study-finds/story?id=47722631

  A new study finds that therapies aimed at parents–without the kids–may be just an effective in treating childhood obesity. […] This time-tested family-based model includes behavior therapy and nutrition and physical activity education for not only obese children, but also their parents. […] In a new study researchers at the University of California, San Diego tested a parent-only program where kids were not in the room. […] Dr. Kerri Boutelle, the lead author and a professor in residence at the University of California San Diego, said the research was designed to give parents more flexibility when seeking help. […] My advice is: dont worry about the kids interest in coming or ability to come. Parents can do this on their own. […] Together, the research suggested that the parent-only intervention was as effective as the family-based method, the authors said.

• #41

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/childhood-obesity-treatment-effective-parents-child-study-finds/story?id=47722631

  The combination of education and behavioral therapy still remains the best option for addressing childhood obesity. […] Boutelle said the study aimed to answer the important question of exactly who needs to be present for effective weight loss therapy. […] Parent-only therapy can be offered on a much more flexible schedule when kids arent required to tag along, she noted.

• #42 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  The purpose of this Consensus is to provide an overview of the current treatment options for pediatric severe obesity in different age groups. […] Pharmacotherapy is the next step in obesity management for patients who fail to achieve their weight loss goals with lifestyle modification therapy alone. Indications for pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity are patients aged 12 years or older and having BMI95th percentile with weight-related comorbidities or BMI120% of the 95th percentile regardless of comorbidities, who have not properly responded to lifestyle modification. […] Weight loss medications, although effective, have low popularity, high costs (usually not covered by the national health care systems), and concerns regarding their safety still persist due to historical problems associated with their use.

• #43 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  The purpose of this Consensus is to provide an overview of the current treatment options for pediatric severe obesity in different age groups. […] Pharmacotherapy is the next step in obesity management for patients who fail to achieve their weight loss goals with lifestyle modification therapy alone. Indications for pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity are patients aged 12 years or older and having BMI95th percentile with weight-related comorbidities or BMI120% of the 95th percentile regardless of comorbidities, who have not properly responded to lifestyle modification. […] Weight loss medications, although effective, have low popularity, high costs (usually not covered by the national health care systems), and concerns regarding their safety still persist due to historical problems associated with their use.

• #44

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/evaluating-and-treating-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx

  „The goal is to help patients make changes in lifestyle, behaviors or environment in a way that is sustainable and involves families in decision-making at every step of the way.” […] Comprehensive obesity treatment may include nutrition support, physical activity treatment, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), while challenging to deliver and not universally available, is the most effective known behavioral treatment for child obesity. […] Evidence-based treatment delivered by trained health care professionals with active parent or caregiver involvement has no evidence of harm and can result in less disordered eating. […] Physicians should offer adolescents ages 12 years and older with obesity weight loss pharmacotherapy, according to medication indications, risks and benefits, as an adjunct to health behavior and lifestyle treatment.

• #45 Treatment for Children and Adolescents – Obesity Action Coalition

  https://www.obesityaction.org/education-support/learn-about-childhood-obesity/treatment/

  Physical Activity: Another form of obesity treatment in children is to increase physical activity, which is crucial for long-term health. […] Behavior Modification: Behavioral treatment includes a focus on nutrition, physical activity and behavioral change support. The intervention helps families turn newly-learned healthy behaviors into habits. Programs that engage the whole family can help support healthier weight and improve the health and well-being of children and adolescents who have obesity. […] Pharmacotherapy: Four anti-obesity medications are now approved for treating adolescents starting at age 12: Xenical®/Alli® (Orlistat), liraglutide (Saxenda®), phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia®), and semaglutide (Wegovy®). […] Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Both laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are effective weight loss procedures in children, leading to sustained weight loss and resolving many obesity-related conditions. […] Finding the right treatment for your child should be a family approach. As with adults, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for childhood obesity. It is important for your child to be a part of the decision-making plan and feel comfortable throughout the process.

• #46 Combating Pediatric Obesity

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/combating-pediatric-obesity

  Currently approved for management of obesity in children aged 12 years and older, orlistat is available as an OTC or prescription product and acts through inhibition of gastric and pancreatic lipases, blocking the absorption of dietary fats. […] Setmelanotide, a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist, is approved for use in children aged 6 years and older diagnosed with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, proopiomelanocortin deficiency, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1, or leptin receptor deficiency. […] Within the past 2 to 3 decades, various observational studies have been conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery versus other traditional treatment methods in treating adolescents with obesity. […] At present, pediatric obesity, a worldwide health crisis, has been met with limited assistance or resistance. Combating this epidemic is multifactorial, but education on healthy living should begin at the time of conception. The greatest tool in fighting the pandemic is prevention. If unsuccessful, multimodal treatment options are available depending on age. MI and IHBLT are the cornerstone of treatment, and both have been shown to have positive outcomes without any risk of adverse effects. Pharmacologic agents can have a role in therapy; however, most of these agents are not FDA-approved for weight loss, with use based on a limited number of studies that had no long-term follow-up. The use of medications should be reserved for patients aged 12 years and older who are classified as obese and have obesity-related comorbid conditions.

• #47 Four Stage Treatment Recommendations

  https://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/Obesity/page_22.htm

  Stage 3 – Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Intervention […] A multidisciplinary team with experience in childhood obesity, including a behavioral counselor, registered dietitian, exercise specialist, and primary care provider who continues to monitor medical issues and maintains a supportive alliance with the families should be involved. […] Stage 4 – Tertiary Care Intervention […] Medications […] Sibutramine (SSNRI) – can increase weight loss in adolescents participating in a diet and exercise program (trade names Reductil and Meridia, by Abbott) […] Orlistat (trade name Xenical, by Roche) – causes fat malabsorption through inhibition of enteric lipase. […] Sibutramine is approved in patients 16 years and orlistat in patients 12 years of age.

• #48 Advancements in FDA approvals for pediatric obesity treatment

  https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/advancements-in-fda-approvals-for-pediatric-obesity-treatment

  GLP-1 receptor agonists, used to treat diabetes, are now also being used for obesity in children and adolescents. […] Pharmacological treatment may be considered adjunctively when nonpharmacological therapy alone does not achieve the desired results. Thus far, the FDA has approved 4 medications for chronic weight management in pediatric populations: orlistat (Xenical), phentermine and topiramate extended-release capsules (Qsymia), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy). This review focuses on the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). […] In December 2020, liraglutide received approval as an adjunctive agent to lifestyle modifications for chronic weight management in pediatric patients 12 years and older with body weight greater than 60 kg and an initial BMI greater than 30 kg/m2. In December 2022, the FDA approved semaglutide as an adjunctive agent to lifestyle modifications for chronic weight management in pediatric patients 12 years and older with an initial BMI equal to or greater than the 95th percentile standardized for age and sex. […] Pharmacological treatment can be offered adjunctively when desired results are not achieved through nonpharmacological measures alone. Semaglutide and liraglutide are 2 FDA-approved medications for this indication that can be considered for treatment.

• #49 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Your child’s healthcare professional likely will set healthy eating and physical activity goals for your family and your child. Any goal for your child’s weight is tailored to: Your child’s age. The severity of the obesity. Whether your child has obesity-related health conditions. […] Remember, success with treatment partly depends on how committed you are to helping your child make long-term healthy changes. Understand that your child is still growing. And be aware that healthy-lifestyle changes can benefit your child and family in ways that the scale may not or cannot show. […] Your child’s healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help with weight loss if diet and exercise alone aren’t enough. Medicines that can help manage childhood obesity need to be used along with healthy eating and more movement. The type of medicine that might be right for your child depends on factors such as your child’s age and cause of obesity. Medicines that may boost weight loss include: Semaglutide (Wegovy). Liraglutide (Saxenda). Phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia). Phentermine. Lisdexamfetamine.

• #50 Advancements in FDA approvals for pediatric obesity treatment

  https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/advancements-in-fda-approvals-for-pediatric-obesity-treatment

  GLP-1 receptor agonists, used to treat diabetes, are now also being used for obesity in children and adolescents. […] Pharmacological treatment may be considered adjunctively when nonpharmacological therapy alone does not achieve the desired results. Thus far, the FDA has approved 4 medications for chronic weight management in pediatric populations: orlistat (Xenical), phentermine and topiramate extended-release capsules (Qsymia), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy). This review focuses on the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). […] In December 2020, liraglutide received approval as an adjunctive agent to lifestyle modifications for chronic weight management in pediatric patients 12 years and older with body weight greater than 60 kg and an initial BMI greater than 30 kg/m2. In December 2022, the FDA approved semaglutide as an adjunctive agent to lifestyle modifications for chronic weight management in pediatric patients 12 years and older with an initial BMI equal to or greater than the 95th percentile standardized for age and sex. […] Pharmacological treatment can be offered adjunctively when desired results are not achieved through nonpharmacological measures alone. Semaglutide and liraglutide are 2 FDA-approved medications for this indication that can be considered for treatment.

• #51 Combating Pediatric Obesity

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/combating-pediatric-obesity

  Currently approved for management of obesity in children aged 12 years and older, orlistat is available as an OTC or prescription product and acts through inhibition of gastric and pancreatic lipases, blocking the absorption of dietary fats. […] Setmelanotide, a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist, is approved for use in children aged 6 years and older diagnosed with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, proopiomelanocortin deficiency, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1, or leptin receptor deficiency. […] Within the past 2 to 3 decades, various observational studies have been conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery versus other traditional treatment methods in treating adolescents with obesity. […] At present, pediatric obesity, a worldwide health crisis, has been met with limited assistance or resistance. Combating this epidemic is multifactorial, but education on healthy living should begin at the time of conception. The greatest tool in fighting the pandemic is prevention. If unsuccessful, multimodal treatment options are available depending on age. MI and IHBLT are the cornerstone of treatment, and both have been shown to have positive outcomes without any risk of adverse effects. Pharmacologic agents can have a role in therapy; however, most of these agents are not FDA-approved for weight loss, with use based on a limited number of studies that had no long-term follow-up. The use of medications should be reserved for patients aged 12 years and older who are classified as obese and have obesity-related comorbid conditions.

• #52 Obesity Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Patient Screening, Assessment, and Expectations, Weight-Loss Goals

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123702-treatment

  Setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 agonist, was approved by the FDA in November 2020 for patients aged 6 years or older for weight control in obesity caused by rare genetic conditions (eg, proopiomelanocortin [POMC], proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 [PCSK1], leptin receptor [LEPR] deficiencies).

• #53 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  The purpose of this Consensus is to provide an overview of the current treatment options for pediatric severe obesity in different age groups. […] Pharmacotherapy is the next step in obesity management for patients who fail to achieve their weight loss goals with lifestyle modification therapy alone. Indications for pharmacotherapy in pediatric obesity are patients aged 12 years or older and having BMI95th percentile with weight-related comorbidities or BMI120% of the 95th percentile regardless of comorbidities, who have not properly responded to lifestyle modification. […] Weight loss medications, although effective, have low popularity, high costs (usually not covered by the national health care systems), and concerns regarding their safety still persist due to historical problems associated with their use.

• #54 To treat obesity in kids, task force favors behavior therapy over drugs

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/18/children-obesity-behavioral-therapy-wegovy-recommendations/

  The AAP explicitly states that drugs should not be a monotherapy, Staiano said. They are an adjunct to be used in combination with intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment. […] Those intensive behavioral interventions, intended to help children achieve a healthy weight while improving their quality of life, entail 26 or more hours over one year with a health professional. […] Behavioral treatments and drug therapies can and should coexist, Armstrong said. […] Just like any chronic disease, which obesity most certainly is, there are a number of treatments that are available and that have to be tailored to the individual, she said. […] Experts agree that children with obesity have a serious disease for which there are available treatments but not which ones. […] We know from lots of evidence what untreated obesity looks like over time. So we need to act now, Armstrong said.

• #55

  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/kids-health/new-guidelines-treating-childhood-obesity-include-medications-surgery-rcna64651

  For children ages 12 and up, one of the major changes in the recommendations is the inclusion of anti-obesity drugs and weight-loss surgery alongside lifestyle changes. […] The guidelines say that pediatricians should offer weight-loss drugs for children age 12 and up with obesity. […] The guidelines also recommend that teens age 13 and up with severe obesity consider discussing weight-loss surgery, which evidence has shown can be a safe and effective treatment with lasting results. […] Hassink, of the AAP, emphasized that medications and surgery are not first-line treatments and should be considered only in special circumstances when lifestyle changes prove ineffective for individual patients. […] The guidelines emphasize a holistic approach to obesity treatment. This includes looking at the entire life of a child, considering not only physical habits such as diet and activity levels but also mental health, environment and the social inequities he or she faces. […] Medications and surgery are expensive, and asking overstretched parents to implement lifestyle changes is not always realistic. Kim said while the recent drug breakthroughs for treating obesity are huge, the best, most effective, safest, and most economical approach will always be prevention.

• #56 To treat obesity in kids, task force favors behavior therapy over drugs

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/18/children-obesity-behavioral-therapy-wegovy-recommendations/

  A national advisory organization has come down on the side of behavioral interventions, not obesity medications, to help children 6 and older with high BMI improve their health, wading into the debate over prescribing the blockbusters for kids before their long-term consequences are better understood. […] On Tuesday, the United States Preventive Services Task Force issued recommendations encouraging clinicians to provide or refer children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high body mass index to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions. […] The USPSTF called evidence on the benefits of pharmacotherapy inadequate due to the small number of studies and limited data on long-term treatment harms, asserting that at least two years of follow-up are needed to gauge the long-term outcomes of drug therapy.

• #57 Drug Treatment Of Child And Adolescent Obesity – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-treatment/drug-treatment-of-child-and-adolescent-obesity/

  Some anti-obesity drugs may not be as effective as behavioral interventions in reducing BMI: a meta-analysis of behavioral interventions in obese adolescents reported an effect of 3.04 kg/m2 (95% CI 3.14 to2.94) at 6 months, which was maintained at 12 months follow-up. […] However, behavioral interventions require a great investment from both the medical staff and the family which may not be practical in daily life. […] The efficacy of metformin in child and adolescent obesity was shown in several studies. […] Metformin may also not be as effective as behavioral interventions in reducing BMI as shown by a meta-analysis which reported a decrease of 3.04 kg/m2 (95% CI 3.14 to 2.94) at 6 months, maintained at 12 months follow-up. […] In the absence of contraindications, metformin is usually prescribed at doses ranging from 500 mg up to 1000 mg twice daily based on tolerability. Adverse effects of this drug are primarily related to gastrointestinal intolerance leading to use lower doses than desirable or even causing discontinuation of the medication.

• #58 Drug Treatment Of Child And Adolescent Obesity – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-treatment/drug-treatment-of-child-and-adolescent-obesity/

  Some anti-obesity drugs may not be as effective as behavioral interventions in reducing BMI: a meta-analysis of behavioral interventions in obese adolescents reported an effect of 3.04 kg/m2 (95% CI 3.14 to2.94) at 6 months, which was maintained at 12 months follow-up. […] However, behavioral interventions require a great investment from both the medical staff and the family which may not be practical in daily life. […] The efficacy of metformin in child and adolescent obesity was shown in several studies. […] Metformin may also not be as effective as behavioral interventions in reducing BMI as shown by a meta-analysis which reported a decrease of 3.04 kg/m2 (95% CI 3.14 to 2.94) at 6 months, maintained at 12 months follow-up. […] In the absence of contraindications, metformin is usually prescribed at doses ranging from 500 mg up to 1000 mg twice daily based on tolerability. Adverse effects of this drug are primarily related to gastrointestinal intolerance leading to use lower doses than desirable or even causing discontinuation of the medication.

• #59 Combating Pediatric Obesity

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/combating-pediatric-obesity

  Currently approved for management of obesity in children aged 12 years and older, orlistat is available as an OTC or prescription product and acts through inhibition of gastric and pancreatic lipases, blocking the absorption of dietary fats. […] Setmelanotide, a melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor agonist, is approved for use in children aged 6 years and older diagnosed with obesity due to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, proopiomelanocortin deficiency, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1, or leptin receptor deficiency. […] Within the past 2 to 3 decades, various observational studies have been conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery versus other traditional treatment methods in treating adolescents with obesity. […] At present, pediatric obesity, a worldwide health crisis, has been met with limited assistance or resistance. Combating this epidemic is multifactorial, but education on healthy living should begin at the time of conception. The greatest tool in fighting the pandemic is prevention. If unsuccessful, multimodal treatment options are available depending on age. MI and IHBLT are the cornerstone of treatment, and both have been shown to have positive outcomes without any risk of adverse effects. Pharmacologic agents can have a role in therapy; however, most of these agents are not FDA-approved for weight loss, with use based on a limited number of studies that had no long-term follow-up. The use of medications should be reserved for patients aged 12 years and older who are classified as obese and have obesity-related comorbid conditions.

• #60 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  Bariatric surgery is the ultimate solution in adolescents with severe obesity, resistant to all other treatments, especially when serious complications are detected. […] The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Pediatric Committee and the American Academy of Pediatrics recently updated the recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery in youth, which removes the previous restriction on surgery based on pubertal or skeletal maturation. Current adolescent bariatric recommendations include BMI35 kg/m2 or 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex, with moderate to severe comorbidities (including obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.) or BMI40 kg/m2 or 140% of the 95th percentile for age and sex.

• #61 Treatment for Children and Adolescents – Obesity Action Coalition

  https://www.obesityaction.org/education-support/learn-about-childhood-obesity/treatment/

  Physical Activity: Another form of obesity treatment in children is to increase physical activity, which is crucial for long-term health. […] Behavior Modification: Behavioral treatment includes a focus on nutrition, physical activity and behavioral change support. The intervention helps families turn newly-learned healthy behaviors into habits. Programs that engage the whole family can help support healthier weight and improve the health and well-being of children and adolescents who have obesity. […] Pharmacotherapy: Four anti-obesity medications are now approved for treating adolescents starting at age 12: Xenical®/Alli® (Orlistat), liraglutide (Saxenda®), phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia®), and semaglutide (Wegovy®). […] Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Both laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) are effective weight loss procedures in children, leading to sustained weight loss and resolving many obesity-related conditions. […] Finding the right treatment for your child should be a family approach. As with adults, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment for childhood obesity. It is important for your child to be a part of the decision-making plan and feel comfortable throughout the process.

• #62 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  Bariatric surgery is the ultimate solution in adolescents with severe obesity, resistant to all other treatments, especially when serious complications are detected. […] The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Pediatric Committee and the American Academy of Pediatrics recently updated the recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery in youth, which removes the previous restriction on surgery based on pubertal or skeletal maturation. Current adolescent bariatric recommendations include BMI35 kg/m2 or 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex, with moderate to severe comorbidities (including obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.) or BMI40 kg/m2 or 140% of the 95th percentile for age and sex.

• #63 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  Bariatric surgery is the ultimate solution in adolescents with severe obesity, resistant to all other treatments, especially when serious complications are detected. […] The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Pediatric Committee and the American Academy of Pediatrics recently updated the recommendations for metabolic and bariatric surgery in youth, which removes the previous restriction on surgery based on pubertal or skeletal maturation. Current adolescent bariatric recommendations include BMI35 kg/m2 or 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex, with moderate to severe comorbidities (including obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.) or BMI40 kg/m2 or 140% of the 95th percentile for age and sex.

• #64

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/evaluating-and-treating-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx

  Teens age 13 and older with severe obesity, defined as a Body-Mass Index (BMI) that’s 120% or more of the 95th percentile for age and sex, should be evaluated for metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] The AAP encourages strong promotion of supportive payment and public health policies that cover comprehensive obesity prevention, evaluation, and treatment. […] „The medical costs of obesity on children, families and our society as a whole are well-documented and require urgent action,” Dr. Hampl said. […] „This is a complex issue, but there are multiple ways we can take steps to intervene now and help children and teens build the foundation for a long, healthy life.”

• #65 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Weight-loss surgery might be an option for some teens with severe obesity. Your teen’s healthcare professional may recommend the surgery if diet changes and physical activity alone don’t help enough. As with any type of surgery, there are risks and possible long-term complications. Talk with your teen’s healthcare professional about the pros and cons of weight-loss surgery. […] The healthcare professional may recommend surgery if your teen’s weight poses a greater health threat than do the risks of surgery. Before weight-loss surgery, it’s important to meet with a team of specialists, including: An obesity medicine expert. A psychologist. A registered dietitian. […] Surgery may be a treatment option that you support, but your teen needs to decide whether or not to get it. If your teen chooses to get weight-loss surgery, encourage the rest of your family to support the choice. […] Weight-loss surgery isn’t a miracle cure. It doesn’t guarantee that a teen will lose extra weight or be able to keep it off long term. And surgery doesn’t replace the need for a healthy diet and regular physical activity.

• #66

  https://abcnews.go.com/Health/children-obesity-proactive-treatment-american-academy-pediatrics-guidelines/story?id=96300579

  Teens may be eligible for weight loss medications, along with continued diet and exercise. […] And for teens with severe obesity, weight loss surgery is a safe and effective option. […] The AAP recommends treating overweight and obesity like a chronic condition. […] For effective treatment, parents and children may need to see their doctor on a regular basis. […] By working with families to identify personal beliefs, risk factors, and challenges, pediatricians can provide a personalized plan for treatment. […] Parents should talk to their child’s pediatrician to make any additional health and lifestyle changes, but can model and encourage healthy eating and physical activity for their children, the AAP said.

• #67 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Family therapy is effective in patients resistant to other therapeutic interventions, particularly those with parents who have obesity. […] Various bariatric surgical procedures have been used in adults and some adolescents (in most centers, patients 15 y) with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 40 kg/m2 or weight exceeding 100% of ideal body weight (IBW). […] Data suggest that the LAGB is associated with superior outcomes relative to those observed following VBG, and its low complication rate and reversibility make LAGB a viable alternative treatment for the adolescent patient. […] Guidelines released in 2023 from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that physicians offer bariatric surgery as an option to adolescents with obesity who are aged 13 years or older and have a BMI at the 95th percentile or higher.

• #68 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Weight-loss surgery might be an option for some teens with severe obesity. Your teen’s healthcare professional may recommend the surgery if diet changes and physical activity alone don’t help enough. As with any type of surgery, there are risks and possible long-term complications. Talk with your teen’s healthcare professional about the pros and cons of weight-loss surgery. […] The healthcare professional may recommend surgery if your teen’s weight poses a greater health threat than do the risks of surgery. Before weight-loss surgery, it’s important to meet with a team of specialists, including: An obesity medicine expert. A psychologist. A registered dietitian. […] Surgery may be a treatment option that you support, but your teen needs to decide whether or not to get it. If your teen chooses to get weight-loss surgery, encourage the rest of your family to support the choice. […] Weight-loss surgery isn’t a miracle cure. It doesn’t guarantee that a teen will lose extra weight or be able to keep it off long term. And surgery doesn’t replace the need for a healthy diet and regular physical activity.

• #69 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Weight-loss surgery might be an option for some teens with severe obesity. Your teen’s healthcare professional may recommend the surgery if diet changes and physical activity alone don’t help enough. As with any type of surgery, there are risks and possible long-term complications. Talk with your teen’s healthcare professional about the pros and cons of weight-loss surgery. […] The healthcare professional may recommend surgery if your teen’s weight poses a greater health threat than do the risks of surgery. Before weight-loss surgery, it’s important to meet with a team of specialists, including: An obesity medicine expert. A psychologist. A registered dietitian. […] Surgery may be a treatment option that you support, but your teen needs to decide whether or not to get it. If your teen chooses to get weight-loss surgery, encourage the rest of your family to support the choice. […] Weight-loss surgery isn’t a miracle cure. It doesn’t guarantee that a teen will lose extra weight or be able to keep it off long term. And surgery doesn’t replace the need for a healthy diet and regular physical activity.

• #70 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Theoretically, any therapeutic interventions in the child with obesity must achieve control of weight gain and reduction in body mass index (BMI) safely and effectively and should prevent the long-term complications of obesity in childhood and adulthood. […] A team approach to therapy, involving the efforts of nurse educators, nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and counselors, is likely to prove most effective. […] Recognize that a loss of 5-20% of total body weight can reduce many of the health risks associated with obesity in adults; however, whether modest weight loss or moderate reductions in BMI can improve outcomes in pediatric patients or reduce the long-term risks of obesity in adulthood is not known. […] Any intervention is likely to fail if it does not involve the active participation and support of family members.

• #71 Obesity in Children Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Behavioral Treatment, Lifestyle Modifications, Exercise, and Physical Activity

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/985333-treatment

  Theoretically, any therapeutic interventions in the child with obesity must achieve control of weight gain and reduction in body mass index (BMI) safely and effectively and should prevent the long-term complications of obesity in childhood and adulthood. […] A team approach to therapy, involving the efforts of nurse educators, nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and counselors, is likely to prove most effective. […] Recognize that a loss of 5-20% of total body weight can reduce many of the health risks associated with obesity in adults; however, whether modest weight loss or moderate reductions in BMI can improve outcomes in pediatric patients or reduce the long-term risks of obesity in adulthood is not known. […] Any intervention is likely to fail if it does not involve the active participation and support of family members.

• #72 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  By helping your child lose excess weight, you will also help them control or prevent chronic health conditions, such as high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and pediatric fatty liver disease. Being overweight or obese raises a childs risk of these and other serious diseases. […] At the University of Chicago Medicine Comer Childrens Hospital Childrens Weight Management Center, our experienced clinicians and pediatric nutritionists will provide the support and expertise your family needs to help your child or teenager obtain a healthy weight. […] Our goal at the Childrens Weight Management Center is to help children grow into healthy adults who know how to manage their weight and prevent or control chronic diseases. […] To help you, weve put together a team of experts that can provide you and your child with the knowledge, skills, and encouragement you need:

• #73 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #74 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #75 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #76 Childhood Obesity: Causes & Problems

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9467-obesity-in-children

  Your childs healthcare provider will determine if your childs health is at risk due to their weight. If this is the case, you may want to consider a formal treatment program. […] Comprehensive obesity treatment typically includes: Providing intensive, long-term treatment. Evaluating and monitoring your child for obesity-related medical and psychological complications. Identifying and addressing social drivers of health (like access to affordable healthy foods). Using non-stigmatizing approaches to treatment that consider your child and familys unique qualities and situation. Using motivational interviewing that addresses nutrition, physical activity and health behavior change. Setting holistic treatment goals, like those related to improving or resolving health complications and improving quality of life and self-image. Integrating intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT) with weight loss medications and/or metabolic and bariatric surgery if necessary. Adjusting treatment to the ongoing and changing needs of your child and family.

• #77 Obesity in Children: How Parents Can Help

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/obesity-in-children-how-parents-can-help

  Children who take in too many calories and don’t get enough exercise or sleep are at risk for obesity. […] To help combat these factors, parents can make these positive changes in kids’ lives: […] Following a healthier diet as a family can help children reach and stay at a healthy weight. […] Blame and guilt about a body shape or size is not helpful. It is often harmful and can affect the success of treatment. Similar to other chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity treatment should focus on overall health and quality of life. For example, treatment goals may include improving self-esteem, missing less school, and taking part in events such as a walkathon. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare provider if you have concerns for a medical cause of increased weight gain. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare provider if you have concerns for a medicine cause of increased weight gain.

• #78 Obesity in Children: How Parents Can Help

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/obesity-in-children-how-parents-can-help

  Children who take in too many calories and don’t get enough exercise or sleep are at risk for obesity. […] To help combat these factors, parents can make these positive changes in kids’ lives: […] Following a healthier diet as a family can help children reach and stay at a healthy weight. […] Blame and guilt about a body shape or size is not helpful. It is often harmful and can affect the success of treatment. Similar to other chronic diseases such as asthma, obesity treatment should focus on overall health and quality of life. For example, treatment goals may include improving self-esteem, missing less school, and taking part in events such as a walkathon. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare provider if you have concerns for a medical cause of increased weight gain. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare provider if you have concerns for a medicine cause of increased weight gain.

• #79 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #80 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #81 Childhood obesity – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/childhood-obesity/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354833

  Your child’s healthcare professional likely will set healthy eating and physical activity goals for your family and your child. Any goal for your child’s weight is tailored to: Your child’s age. The severity of the obesity. Whether your child has obesity-related health conditions. […] Remember, success with treatment partly depends on how committed you are to helping your child make long-term healthy changes. Understand that your child is still growing. And be aware that healthy-lifestyle changes can benefit your child and family in ways that the scale may not or cannot show. […] Your child’s healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help with weight loss if diet and exercise alone aren’t enough. Medicines that can help manage childhood obesity need to be used along with healthy eating and more movement. The type of medicine that might be right for your child depends on factors such as your child’s age and cause of obesity. Medicines that may boost weight loss include: Semaglutide (Wegovy). Liraglutide (Saxenda). Phentermine and topiramate (Qsymia). Phentermine. Lisdexamfetamine.

• #82 Childhood Obesity and Pediatric Weight Management – UChicago Medicine

  https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/comer/conditions-services/pediatric-gastroenterology-hepatology-nutrition/childhood-obesity-pediatric-weight-management

  Our pediatric dietician can help you and your child design a healthy eating plan and identify ways to increase physical activity for your family. […] Our pediatric social workers can help your child with the emotional aspects of weight management and connect you and your child to a variety of community resources, such as fun ways to get exercise. […] When it comes to weight management, what works for one child or family may not work for another. […] The goal is for you and your child to go home with an initial weight management plan that provides specific strategies for losing weight in a healthy way. […] Following the initial visit, you and your child will visit with our team on a regular basis, typically every other month, for additional coaching and support. Your childs weight management plan will be tweaked or updated, as needed, to help ensure that your child successfully loses weight and manages any related chronic conditions. […] A commitment by the entire family to adopting a healthy lifestyle can go a long way towards helping your child achieve a healthy weight.

• #83 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250124/Study-finds-successful-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-lowers-long-term-health-risks.aspx

  Findings highlight the importance of treatment effectiveness in managing childhood obesity. […] Their findings indicate that a positive response to obesity treatment, including remission, can significantly reduce the risk of outcomes such as hypertension, depression, and type 2 diabetes, as well as lower the probability of death during young adulthood. […] Treatments such as behavioral lifestyle changes, medications, and bariatric surgery have improved short- and long-term health indicators in affected children. […] The primary exposure was treatment effectiveness, measured by changes in the standard deviation score (SDS) of body mass index (BMI) from the first to the last visit. Treatment responses were classified as poor, intermediate, good, or obesity remission. […] Overall, better obesity treatment responses were associated with improved long-term health outcomes, including lower risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and mortality.

• #84 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250124/Study-finds-successful-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-lowers-long-term-health-risks.aspx

  Findings highlight the importance of treatment effectiveness in managing childhood obesity. […] Their findings indicate that a positive response to obesity treatment, including remission, can significantly reduce the risk of outcomes such as hypertension, depression, and type 2 diabetes, as well as lower the probability of death during young adulthood. […] Treatments such as behavioral lifestyle changes, medications, and bariatric surgery have improved short- and long-term health indicators in affected children. […] The primary exposure was treatment effectiveness, measured by changes in the standard deviation score (SDS) of body mass index (BMI) from the first to the last visit. Treatment responses were classified as poor, intermediate, good, or obesity remission. […] Overall, better obesity treatment responses were associated with improved long-term health outcomes, including lower risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and mortality.

• #85 Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect | Karolinska Institutet

  https://news.ki.se/treatment-for-children-with-obesity-has-lasting-effect

  Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect […] The study shows that children and adolescents who respond well to obesity treatment are less likely to develop obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia (abnormally high levels of fat in the blood) as young adults. […] The treatment studied involved support for children with obesity and their families designed to motivate healthy diets, exercise and sleep habits what is known as behavioural lifestyle therapy. […] This emphasises the importance of providing early treatment, as we know that timely intervention increases the likelihood of success and helps mitigate the long-term health risks associated with obesity, says Dr Hagman. […] That said, lifestyle therapy is still the foundation of all treatments for childhood obesity. […] The research group will now be trying to identify therapy options that are most effective for different individuals and the health/risk markers that are significant for future health.

• #86 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250124/Study-finds-successful-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-lowers-long-term-health-risks.aspx

  This study found that successful treatment of pediatric obesity reduces the long-term risk of obesity-related health issues during young adulthood, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and premature mortality. […] The greatest reductions in risk were observed in individuals who achieved obesity remission, although even moderate improvements in obesity were beneficial. […] However, the study found no significant effect on the risk of anxiety or depression, suggesting these conditions require independent treatment. […] The study also highlighted that early obesity treatment could normalize the risk of premature mortality, with individuals showing good treatment responses having mortality rates similar to the general population. […] Despite potential weight regain, the study emphasized that substantial reduction in childhood obesity is critical for long-term health. […] Nonetheless, the study’s strengths, such as its large sample and national data, support the conclusion that effective treatment for pediatric obesity significantly reduces future health risks.

• #87 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20250124/Study-finds-successful-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-lowers-long-term-health-risks.aspx

  This study found that successful treatment of pediatric obesity reduces the long-term risk of obesity-related health issues during young adulthood, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and premature mortality. […] The greatest reductions in risk were observed in individuals who achieved obesity remission, although even moderate improvements in obesity were beneficial. […] However, the study found no significant effect on the risk of anxiety or depression, suggesting these conditions require independent treatment. […] The study also highlighted that early obesity treatment could normalize the risk of premature mortality, with individuals showing good treatment responses having mortality rates similar to the general population. […] Despite potential weight regain, the study emphasized that substantial reduction in childhood obesity is critical for long-term health. […] Nonetheless, the study’s strengths, such as its large sample and national data, support the conclusion that effective treatment for pediatric obesity significantly reduces future health risks.

• #88 Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect | Karolinska Institutet

  https://news.ki.se/treatment-for-children-with-obesity-has-lasting-effect

  Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect […] The study shows that children and adolescents who respond well to obesity treatment are less likely to develop obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia (abnormally high levels of fat in the blood) as young adults. […] The treatment studied involved support for children with obesity and their families designed to motivate healthy diets, exercise and sleep habits what is known as behavioural lifestyle therapy. […] This emphasises the importance of providing early treatment, as we know that timely intervention increases the likelihood of success and helps mitigate the long-term health risks associated with obesity, says Dr Hagman. […] That said, lifestyle therapy is still the foundation of all treatments for childhood obesity. […] The research group will now be trying to identify therapy options that are most effective for different individuals and the health/risk markers that are significant for future health.

• #89 Evaluating the benefits of and barriers to pediatric obesity programs | Yale News

  https://news.yale.edu/2024/08/28/evaluating-benefits-and-barriers-pediatric-obesity-programs

  Obesity now affects more than one in five children in the United States, and while there are effective, recommended interventions, availability is limited for most children. […] Previous research has shown that interventions that provide comprehensive, family-centered nutrition and behavioral education, and at least 26 contact hours with families over 3 to 12 months, are effective at treating childhood obesity. These types of programs have been recommended by both the U.S. Preventative Service Task Force and the American Academy of Pediatrics. […] We have treatment options that work, said Mona Sharifi, an author of both studies and an associate professor of pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine. But we have these systematic barriers to access that we need to address rapidly. […] The Healthy Weight Clinic is a program that delivers intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment for children and adolescents with obesity or overweight that is consistent with guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

• #90 Evaluating the benefits of and barriers to pediatric obesity programs | Yale News

  https://news.yale.edu/2024/08/28/evaluating-benefits-and-barriers-pediatric-obesity-programs

  Obesity now affects more than one in five children in the United States, and while there are effective, recommended interventions, availability is limited for most children. […] Previous research has shown that interventions that provide comprehensive, family-centered nutrition and behavioral education, and at least 26 contact hours with families over 3 to 12 months, are effective at treating childhood obesity. These types of programs have been recommended by both the U.S. Preventative Service Task Force and the American Academy of Pediatrics. […] We have treatment options that work, said Mona Sharifi, an author of both studies and an associate professor of pediatrics at Yale School of Medicine. But we have these systematic barriers to access that we need to address rapidly. […] The Healthy Weight Clinic is a program that delivers intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment for children and adolescents with obesity or overweight that is consistent with guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics.

• #91 How gaps in pediatric obesity treatment make access inequitable – Scope

  https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2024/06/18/pediatric-obesity-guidelines-treatments-inequity/

  The evidence is strongest for programs that have 26 hours or more of contact and include physical activity. […] Comprehensive, intensive behavioral programs have been recommended by the US Preventive Services task force for pediatric weight loss since 2010, but these programs can be difficult to find. […] Because reimbursement isn’t consistently available, comprehensive, intensive pediatric weight management programs exist in only a handful of communities in the entire U.S. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reviewed the data on new obesity medications. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recently took a different recommendation approach. […] There’s a lot of excitement about the newer weight loss drugs because we’ve been hoping for effective obesity medications for many years.

• #92 AAP Childhood Obesity Guidelines Criticized

  https://www.healthline.com/health-news/childhood-obesity-new-guidelines-recommend-surgery-nutrition-therapy

  The access to drug therapies and IHBLT can prevent these treatments from reaching as many children as they otherwise could. […] Studies have shown that children in minority groups who have obesity vastly underutilize available treatments, from drugs to counseling to surgery because of these financial and logistical barriers, which the AAP acknowledges in a call for sweeping policy changes to address these inequities. […] Targeted policies are needed to purposefully address the structural racism in our society that drives the alarming and persistent disparities in childhood obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. […] One major barrier to implementing IHBLT is the cost. […] The committee advises that obesity should be used in place of overweight when BMI is above the 95th percentile and overweight should be used in place of at risk of overweight when BMI is between the 85th and 94th percentile.

• #93 AAP Childhood Obesity Guidelines Criticized

  https://www.healthline.com/health-news/childhood-obesity-new-guidelines-recommend-surgery-nutrition-therapy

  The access to drug therapies and IHBLT can prevent these treatments from reaching as many children as they otherwise could. […] Studies have shown that children in minority groups who have obesity vastly underutilize available treatments, from drugs to counseling to surgery because of these financial and logistical barriers, which the AAP acknowledges in a call for sweeping policy changes to address these inequities. […] Targeted policies are needed to purposefully address the structural racism in our society that drives the alarming and persistent disparities in childhood obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. […] One major barrier to implementing IHBLT is the cost. […] The committee advises that obesity should be used in place of overweight when BMI is above the 95th percentile and overweight should be used in place of at risk of overweight when BMI is between the 85th and 94th percentile.

• #94 Evaluation and Treatment for Child Obesity | Obesity | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/child-obesity-strategies/evaluation-and-treatment.html

  When appropriate, key treatment components include: Motivational interviewing to engage patients and families. Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment, also known as family healthy weight programs. Anti-obesity medications for adolescents aged 12 years and older with obesity. Referral for evaluation for metabolic and bariatric surgery for adolescents aged 13 years and older with severe obesity. […] The AAP recommends several strategies for reducing weight stigma, including modeling non-biased behaviors, using person-first language, and counseling using empathetic techniques.

• #95 Evaluation and Treatment for Child Obesity | Obesity | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/child-obesity-strategies/evaluation-and-treatment.html

  When appropriate, key treatment components include: Motivational interviewing to engage patients and families. Intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment, also known as family healthy weight programs. Anti-obesity medications for adolescents aged 12 years and older with obesity. Referral for evaluation for metabolic and bariatric surgery for adolescents aged 13 years and older with severe obesity. […] The AAP recommends several strategies for reducing weight stigma, including modeling non-biased behaviors, using person-first language, and counseling using empathetic techniques.

• #96 How gaps in pediatric obesity treatment make access inequitable – Scope

  https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2024/06/18/pediatric-obesity-guidelines-treatments-inequity/

  It is important to note that participants in our Pediatric Weight Control Program report significant reductions in depressive symptoms and increases in self-esteem. […] Since 2010, the US Preventive Services Task Force has recommended comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions for pediatric obesity. […] There is a great need for medical care organizations and insurers to finally catch up with the recommendations and make these programs widely available. […] We need more ways to deliver effective interventions in settings where children and families already live, learn and play. […] Our goal is to make safe and effective weight control more feasible, cost-effective and equitably available for all children with obesity in every community in the US.

• #97 Evaluating the benefits of and barriers to pediatric obesity programs | Yale News

  https://news.yale.edu/2024/08/28/evaluating-benefits-and-barriers-pediatric-obesity-programs

  Previous research from Sharifi, Mary Savoye (the founder of Smart Moves), and their colleagues has shown Bright Bodies to be both effective at improving health outcomes in children with obesity and overweight and, compared with usual clinical care, cost-saving. […] To pave the way for effective programs like Bright Bodies and Healthy Weight Clinic to receive reimbursement, several organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, submitted an application that would establish a new billing code. […] Policy change, she said, is needed to ensure this first-line treatment is accessible to families throughout the country. […] Expanding access is an urgent need, said Sharifi. And not providing equitable access to effective, low-cost treatment for children is unethical.

• #98

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/news/Pages/evaluating-and-treating-obesity-in-children-and-adolescents.aspx

  Teens age 13 and older with severe obesity, defined as a Body-Mass Index (BMI) that’s 120% or more of the 95th percentile for age and sex, should be evaluated for metabolic and bariatric surgery. […] The AAP encourages strong promotion of supportive payment and public health policies that cover comprehensive obesity prevention, evaluation, and treatment. […] „The medical costs of obesity on children, families and our society as a whole are well-documented and require urgent action,” Dr. Hampl said. […] „This is a complex issue, but there are multiple ways we can take steps to intervene now and help children and teens build the foundation for a long, healthy life.”

• #99 AAP Childhood Obesity Guidelines Criticized

  https://www.healthline.com/health-news/childhood-obesity-new-guidelines-recommend-surgery-nutrition-therapy

  The access to drug therapies and IHBLT can prevent these treatments from reaching as many children as they otherwise could. […] Studies have shown that children in minority groups who have obesity vastly underutilize available treatments, from drugs to counseling to surgery because of these financial and logistical barriers, which the AAP acknowledges in a call for sweeping policy changes to address these inequities. […] Targeted policies are needed to purposefully address the structural racism in our society that drives the alarming and persistent disparities in childhood obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. […] One major barrier to implementing IHBLT is the cost. […] The committee advises that obesity should be used in place of overweight when BMI is above the 95th percentile and overweight should be used in place of at risk of overweight when BMI is between the 85th and 94th percentile.

• #100 Evaluating the benefits of and barriers to pediatric obesity programs | Yale News

  https://news.yale.edu/2024/08/28/evaluating-benefits-and-barriers-pediatric-obesity-programs

  Previous research from Sharifi, Mary Savoye (the founder of Smart Moves), and their colleagues has shown Bright Bodies to be both effective at improving health outcomes in children with obesity and overweight and, compared with usual clinical care, cost-saving. […] To pave the way for effective programs like Bright Bodies and Healthy Weight Clinic to receive reimbursement, several organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, submitted an application that would establish a new billing code. […] Policy change, she said, is needed to ensure this first-line treatment is accessible to families throughout the country. […] Expanding access is an urgent need, said Sharifi. And not providing equitable access to effective, low-cost treatment for children is unethical.

• #101 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.

• #102 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.

• #103 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery | Italian Journal of Pediatrics |

  https://ijponline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13052-023-01458-z

  The addition of drugs to lifestyle therapy is the second step of treatment. Recently, new drugs approved for the use in adolescents were reported to be safe and effective in promoting remarkable weight loss. […] The third level of treatment is bariatric surgery, that provided robust weight loss and risk factor/comorbidity improvements although potential risks have to be taken into account.

• #104 The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10249209/

  This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.

• #105 Harnessing technological solutions for childhood obesity prevention and treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current applications | International Journal of Obesity

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-021-00765-x

  Technology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth. […] Recent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. […] Thirty studies relied mostly or solely on technology for intervention delivery. […] The pooled mean effect size of n=32 treatment RCTs showed a small, significant effect on weight outcomes (d=0.13, p=0.001), although 27 of 33 treatment studies (79%) did not find significant differences between treatment and comparators. […] There were significantly greater treatment effects on outcomes for pilot interventions, interventions delivered to the child compared to parent-delivered interventions, and as child age increased and intervention duration decreased. […] Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.

• #106 Harnessing technological solutions for childhood obesity prevention and treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current applications | International Journal of Obesity

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-021-00765-x

  Technology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth. […] Recent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. […] Thirty studies relied mostly or solely on technology for intervention delivery. […] The pooled mean effect size of n=32 treatment RCTs showed a small, significant effect on weight outcomes (d=0.13, p=0.001), although 27 of 33 treatment studies (79%) did not find significant differences between treatment and comparators. […] There were significantly greater treatment effects on outcomes for pilot interventions, interventions delivered to the child compared to parent-delivered interventions, and as child age increased and intervention duration decreased. […] Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.

• #107 Harnessing technological solutions for childhood obesity prevention and treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current applications | International Journal of Obesity

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-021-00765-x

  Technology holds promise for delivery of accessible, individualized, and destigmatized obesity prevention and treatment to youth. […] Recent technology-based interventions for the treatment of pediatric obesity show small effects on weight; however, evidence is inconclusive on the efficacy of technology based prevention interventions. […] Thirty studies relied mostly or solely on technology for intervention delivery. […] The pooled mean effect size of n=32 treatment RCTs showed a small, significant effect on weight outcomes (d=0.13, p=0.001), although 27 of 33 treatment studies (79%) did not find significant differences between treatment and comparators. […] There were significantly greater treatment effects on outcomes for pilot interventions, interventions delivered to the child compared to parent-delivered interventions, and as child age increased and intervention duration decreased. […] Research is needed to determine the comparative effectiveness of technology-based interventions to gold-standard interventions and elucidate the potential for mHealth/eHealth to increase scalability and reduce costs while maximizing impact.

• #108 Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect | Karolinska Institutet

  https://news.ki.se/treatment-for-children-with-obesity-has-lasting-effect

  Treatment for children with obesity has lasting effect […] The study shows that children and adolescents who respond well to obesity treatment are less likely to develop obesity-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia (abnormally high levels of fat in the blood) as young adults. […] The treatment studied involved support for children with obesity and their families designed to motivate healthy diets, exercise and sleep habits what is known as behavioural lifestyle therapy. […] This emphasises the importance of providing early treatment, as we know that timely intervention increases the likelihood of success and helps mitigate the long-term health risks associated with obesity, says Dr Hagman. […] That said, lifestyle therapy is still the foundation of all treatments for childhood obesity. […] The research group will now be trying to identify therapy options that are most effective for different individuals and the health/risk markers that are significant for future health.

• #109 To treat obesity in kids, task force favors behavior therapy over drugs

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/18/children-obesity-behavioral-therapy-wegovy-recommendations/

  The time to prevent and intervene on childhood obesity is now, they write. While the need to start with intensive lifestyle therapy is clear, they add, for many patients, that alone may not be enough to prevent serious outcomes. In these instances, pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery may need to be considered to improve health outcomes in youth with obesity. […] The task force is calling for more research on benefits and harms of medications in children and adolescents, and we look forward to being able to identify the evidence and being able to update our recommendations.

• #110 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  Correct evaluation of the severity of the weight problem, along with any associated comorbidities, is crucial in the management and treatment of pediatric obesity. […] A need for multifaceted treatment strategies that address both obesity and mental health issues in children is emphasized (Small Aplasca, 2016). […] The relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders is intricate and dynamic, with ongoing research exploring this interplay (Kang Kwack, 2020; Rankin et al. 2016). […] This multidisciplinary approach suggests that providers should collaborate in implementing shared assessment and treatment strategies for co-occurring conditions, thereby improving health outcomes and coordination in the management of these complex diagnoses.

• #111 Psychological Treatment Of Childhood Obesity: Main Principles And Pitfalls – The Free Obesity eBook

  https://ebook.ecog-obesity.eu/chapter-psychological-assesment-disturbances/psychological-treatment-of-childhood-obesity-main-principles-and-pitfalls/

  Correct evaluation of the severity of the weight problem, along with any associated comorbidities, is crucial in the management and treatment of pediatric obesity. […] A need for multifaceted treatment strategies that address both obesity and mental health issues in children is emphasized (Small Aplasca, 2016). […] The relationship between obesity and psychiatric disorders is intricate and dynamic, with ongoing research exploring this interplay (Kang Kwack, 2020; Rankin et al. 2016). […] This multidisciplinary approach suggests that providers should collaborate in implementing shared assessment and treatment strategies for co-occurring conditions, thereby improving health outcomes and coordination in the management of these complex diagnoses.

• #112 To treat obesity in kids, task force favors behavior therapy over drugs

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/18/children-obesity-behavioral-therapy-wegovy-recommendations/

  The AAP explicitly states that drugs should not be a monotherapy, Staiano said. They are an adjunct to be used in combination with intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment. […] Those intensive behavioral interventions, intended to help children achieve a healthy weight while improving their quality of life, entail 26 or more hours over one year with a health professional. […] Behavioral treatments and drug therapies can and should coexist, Armstrong said. […] Just like any chronic disease, which obesity most certainly is, there are a number of treatments that are available and that have to be tailored to the individual, she said. […] Experts agree that children with obesity have a serious disease for which there are available treatments but not which ones. […] We know from lots of evidence what untreated obesity looks like over time. So we need to act now, Armstrong said.

• #113 To treat obesity in kids, task force favors behavior therapy over drugs

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/18/children-obesity-behavioral-therapy-wegovy-recommendations/

  The time to prevent and intervene on childhood obesity is now, they write. While the need to start with intensive lifestyle therapy is clear, they add, for many patients, that alone may not be enough to prevent serious outcomes. In these instances, pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery may need to be considered to improve health outcomes in youth with obesity. […] The task force is calling for more research on benefits and harms of medications in children and adolescents, and we look forward to being able to identify the evidence and being able to update our recommendations.

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