Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Indigestion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

  Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion. Symptoms may include upper abdominal fullness, heartburn, nausea, belching, or upper abdominal pain. Indigestion is relatively common, affecting 20% of people at some point during their life, and is frequently caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastritis. […] Indigestion is subcategorized as either „organic” or „functional dyspepsia”, but making the diagnosis can prove challenging for physicians. Organic indigestion is the result of an underlying disease, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (an ulcer of the stomach or duodenum), or cancer. Functional indigestion (previously called non-ulcer dyspepsia) is indigestion without evidence of underlying disease. Functional indigestion is estimated to affect about 15% of the general population in western countries and accounts for a majority of dyspepsia cases.

• #1 Symptoms & Causes of Indigestion – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/indigestion-dyspepsia/symptoms-causes

  Doctors dont know what causes people to have indigestion from time to time. […] Most cases of chronic indigestion are diagnosed as functional dyspepsia, which is a disorder of how the gut and brain interact. […] In some cases, chronic indigestion has other causes. […] In most cases, experts do not know what causes this disorder. […] Some research suggests that the following factors may play a role: certain foods and drinks, problems in the first part of your small intestine, including inflammation and being overly sensitive to stomach acids, problems with the stomachs ability to relax and expand with food, mental health problems, such as anxiety and depression, genes traits passed from parent to child, pain from the normal functions of the stomach. […] Some medicines may cause indigestion, such as certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), iron supplements, medicines used to treat osteoporosis and other bone conditions, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, corticosteroids. […] Health problems and digestive tract diseases and conditions may also cause indigestion. […] Specific foods or drinks are not thought to cause indigestion. However, certain foods or drinks may lead to symptoms for some people with functional dyspepsia.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Symptoms, Causes, Diet, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/indigestion-overview

  Some medicines and dietary supplements that may irritate your esophagus or cause other symptoms of indigestion include: Certain antibiotics, bisphosphonates, iron supplements, potassium supplements, quinidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, high blood pressure and heart disease medicine, progesterone, opioid pain relievers, sedatives or tranquilizers, theophylline. […] Indigestion without a cause is sometimes called functional dyspepsia. That means your doctor can’t find a medical cause of your symptoms.

• #1 Indigestion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

  There are a number of systemic diseases that may involve dyspepsia, including coronary disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperparathyroidism, thyroid disease, and chronic kidney disease. […] Gastroenteritis increases the risk of developing chronic dyspepsia. Post-infectious dyspepsia is the term given when dyspepsia occurs after an acute gastroenteritis infection. It is believed that the underlying causes of post-infectious IBS and post-infectious dyspepsia may be similar and represent different aspects of the same pathophysiology. […] The pathophysiology for indigestion is not well understood; however, there are many theories. For example, there are studies that suggest a gut-brain interaction, as patients who received an antibiotic saw a reduction in their indigestion symptoms. Other theories propose issues with gut motility, a hypersensitivity of gut viscera, and imbalance of the microbiome. A genetic predisposition is plausible, but there is limited evidence to support this theory.

• #1 Functional Dyspepsia: What It Is, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22248-functional-dyspepsia

  Common contributing factors in functional dyspepsia include hypersensitivity and gut motility disorders. […] There’s no single cause of functional dyspepsia, but several factors may contribute. […] While there’s no single cause of functional dyspepsia, several factors might be involved. These include: […] Visceral hypersensitivity. If your nervous system is extra sensitive, you might be more likely to have a physical response to stress. […] Motility disorders affect how your GI tract moves food along through the digestive process. […] Gut dysbiosis. Dysbiosis in your gut microbiome an imbalance of microbes in your gut may cause symptoms of functional dyspepsia in various ways. […] Eosinophilic duodenitis. Some people with functional dyspepsia have an excess of white blood cells (called eosinophils) in the top of the small intestine (duodenum).

• #1 Dyspepsia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/dyspepsia-5224737

  Dyspepsia is a stomach condition thats also sometimes called indigestion. […] Its not clear what causes dyspepsia. Its called a functional disorder because tests dont show a physical reason for the symptoms. […] However, its thought that dyspepsia might be caused by a problem with the way the stomach works. […] For people with dyspepsia, normal muscle changes after eating might not happen as they should. This can lead to the symptoms of bloating, heartburn, or feeling full. […] Its not clear what causes dyspepsia, but it may result from a problem with the way your muscles work in digestion.

• #1 Indigestion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

  Indigestion is a diagnosis related to a combination of symptoms that can be attributed to „organic” or „functional” causes. Organic dyspepsia should have pathological findings upon endoscopy, like an ulcer in the stomach lining in peptic ulcer disease. Functional dyspepsia is unlikely to be detected on endoscopy but can be broken down into two subtypes, epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and post-prandial distress syndrome (PDS). In addition, indigestion could be caused by medications, food, or other disease processes. […] Psychosomatic and cognitive factors are important in the evaluation of people with chronic dyspepsia. Studies have shown a high occurrence of mental disorders, notably anxiety and depression, amongst patients with dyspepsia; however, there is little evidence to prove causation.

• #1 Indigestion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/indigestion/

  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common condition and one of the main causes of recurring indigestion. Its caused by acid reflux, which occurs when the oesophageal sphincter fails to prevent stomach acid from moving back up into your oesophagus. […] A stomach ulcer is an open sore that develops on the inside lining of your stomach (a gastric ulcer) or small intestine (a duodenal ulcer). If you have a stomach ulcer, you may have indigestion as a symptom. […] In rare cases, recurring bouts of indigestion can be a symptom of stomach cancer. […] Cancer cells in your stomach break down the protective lining, allowing acid to come into contact with your stomach wall.

• #1

  https://www.aurorahealthcare.org/services/gastroenterology-colorectal-surgery/gastroesohageal-reflux-gerd

  Acid reflux is caused by a problem with a muscle at the bottom of the esophagus (the esophageal sphincter). Normally, the muscle relaxes to let food and liquid into the stomach, then it closes. When the muscle doesnt close correctly, stomach acid can back up through the partial opening leading to acid reflux symptoms. […] Frequent, long-term heartburn can allow acid to wear away the lining of the esophagus and cause problems such as scar tissue that narrows the esophagus, sores (peptic ulcers) in the esophagus or even precancerous changes to the esophagus (Barrett’s esophagus). […] Having some of the factors listed below can mean youre at increased risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease. […] Your doctor may also recommend over-the-counter acid reflux medicines such as: Antacids. These will address symptoms but won’t fix any damage stomach acid has caused in the esophagus. […] Medications will reduce symptoms for most people, but not all. And they dont repair the damage done by gastroesophageal reflux disease over the long term.

• #1 Indigestion: Symptoms, Causes & How to Find Relief

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/7316-indigestion-dyspepsia

  Occasional indigestion is common and not serious. If you have indigestion often, there might be more going on. Sometimes it means you have a treatable condition, like acid reflux or peptic ulcer disease. Sometimes its more complex. […] Indigestion is pain or discomfort after eating, while your stomach is digesting. Healthcare providers also use the term dyspepsia, which means the same thing: impaired digestion. […] When theres an organic cause, it usually has to do with stomach acid. Acid causes the telltale burning sensation often described in indigestion. […] Sometimes gastric juices escape from your stomach into the top part of your small intestine (duodenum). […] Acid reflux may explain other symptoms that can come with indigestion, such as burping, regurgitation and heartburn.

• #1 Indigestion (heartburn and reflux) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/indigestion

  Heartburn is caused by stomach contents backing up into the oesophagus. […] Eating a large meal or drinking too much coffee or alcohol are common causes. […] Persistent heartburn can be caused by obesity. The extra fat inside the abdominal wall reduces the amount of room for the stomach and small intestines. […] Frequent heartburn (also called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) can also be caused by: hiatus hernia part of the stomach is pushed up through the diaphragm and stays there, dietary factors dietary fats, chocolate, alcohol and coffee may provoke heartburn because of their effect on the sphincter, cigarettes giving up smoking reduces the frequency of symptoms. […] Chronic (ongoing) exposure of the oesophagus to gastric juices can lead to: oesophagitis inflammation of the oesophagus, ulceration with bleeding, scarring and stricture (narrowing) of the oesophagus, Barrett’s oesophagus a premalignant condition of the lower lining of the oesophagus.

• #1 What are the Causes of Indigestion or Dyspepsia

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/indigestion-causes.htm

  Less than 5% of the patients have ulcers in the esophagus. Some 15-25% of cases of dyspepsia stem from ulcers of the stomach or duodenum. The most common factors that cause ulcer are infection with Helicobacter pylori and use of drugs like NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs). Rarer causes include conditions like Crohn’s disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. […] Cancer is perhaps a common fear that most dyspeptic patients have. Hence, it is worthy to know that malignancy is responsible for less than 2% cases of indigestion. Long standing cases of GERD, use of tobacco (smoking), abuse with alcohol, ingestion of acids are common conditions predisposing to cancer of esophagus and stomach. […] Indigestion is also caused by relatively rarer conditions like abnormalities of pancreas or bile ducts. Diabetes mellitus, abnormalities of thyroid, excess calcium ions in the body (hypercalemia) are to searched for. Ischemic heart disease is a diagnosis that shouldnt be missed.

• #1 Indigestion: Symptoms, Causes & How to Find Relief

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/7316-indigestion-dyspepsia

  Peptic ulcer disease may explain other symptoms that can come with indigestion, such as early satiety (fullness), nausea and bloating. […] In general, causes of indigestion fall into three categories: Your eating habits, How your digestive system is functioning, Your perception of pain and discomfort. […] Diet and lifestyle factors that may contribute to occasional dyspepsia include: Eating too much or too fast, Too much fat in your diet, Unidentified food intolerances, Smoking and alcohol use, Overuse of NSAIDs, Stress and anxiety. […] Diseases and conditions that may be involved in chronic dyspepsia include: Peptic ulcer disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Hyperchlorhydria (too much stomach acid), Gastritis (inflammation of your stomach lining), Gastroparesis (slow stomach emptying), Hiatal hernia, Bacterial overgrowth, Eating disorders, Gallstones, Gallbladder inflammation, Pancreas inflammation, Irritable bowel syndrome, Celiac disease, Small bowel obstruction, Stomach cancer, Visceral hypersensitivity.

• #1 Indigestion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

  Common causes of gastritis include peptic ulcer disease, infection, or medications. Gastric and duodenal ulcers are the defining feature of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). PUD is most commonly caused by an infection with H. pylori or NSAID use. […] The role of H. pylori in functional dyspepsia is controversial, and treatment for H. pylori may not lead to complete improvement of a patient’s dyspepsia. However, a recent systemic review and meta-analysis of 29 studies published in 2022 suggests that successful treatment of H. pylori modestly improves indigestion symptoms. […] Functional dyspepsia is a common cause of chronic heartburn. More than 70% of people have no obvious organic cause for their symptoms after evaluation. Symptoms may arise from a complex interaction of increased visceral afferent sensitivity, gastric delayed emptying (gastroparesis) or impaired accommodation to food.

• #1 What Causes Indigestion (Dyspepsia)? – Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/indigestion-dyspepsia/

  Infection: A bacterial infection from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can cause indigestion. […] Gastroparesis: This condition affects digestion. It is your stomach’s inability to pass food through the intestine. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bloating, and acid reflux. […] Ulcer: This is a sore on the lining of your stomach (peptic ulcer), small intestine, or esophagus. […] Gastritis: This is inflammation of your stomach lining. […] Stomach cancer: This is a rare condition, but indigestion can be one of its signs.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/dyspepsia-indigestion

  Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a term which describes pain and sometimes other symptoms which come from the upper gut (the stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). There are various causes (described below). Treatment depends on the likely cause. […] Most cases of repeated (recurring) dyspepsia are due to one of the following: Non-ulcer dyspepsia. This is sometimes called functional dyspepsia. It means that no cause can be found for the symptoms. It often overlaps with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. […] Duodenal and stomach (gastric) ulcers. An ulcer occurs when the lining of the gut is damaged and the underlying tissue is exposed. […] Duodenitis and gastritis (inflammation of the duodenum and/or stomach) – which may be mild or more severe and may lead to an ulcer. […] Acid reflux, oesophagitis and GORD. Acid reflux occurs when some acid leaks up (refluxes) into the oesophagus from the stomach.

• #1 Heartburn and nausea: 5 possible causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325347

  Heartburn and nausea are common gastrointestinal complaints and common symptoms of indigestion. This means they often occur at the same time. […] Indigestion is also called dyspepsia. It describes a group of gut-related symptoms. […] When someone suffers from heartburn and nausea due to passing indigestion, it is not usually anything to worry about. […] These symptoms are often due to eating food that is too spicy or drinking too much alcohol. If this is the case, the symptoms tend to go away over time without treatment. […] If a person experiences the symptoms more frequently, it could be a sign of an underlying health condition. […] Causes of gastritis include: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, damage to the stomach lining, the body’s immune system. […] A peptic ulcer, or stomach ulcer, is a sore on the stomach lining. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin, can cause a stomach ulcer. An H. pylori infection may also lead to the problem.

• #1 Indigestion – Digestive Disorders – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/digestive-disorders/symptoms-of-digestive-disorders/indigestion

  Dyspepsia has many causes, which, despite common use of the term „indigestion,” do not involve a problem digesting food. […] Acute dyspepsia may occur briefly after ingestion of a large meal, alcohol, or certain irritating medications (such as bisphosphonates, erythromycin, iron, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). […] For recurring dyspepsia, common causes include cancer (of the stomach or esophagus), delayed gastric (stomach) emptying, medications, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis or peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and unknown (nonulcer dyspepsia). […] Delayed gastric emptying is a situation in which food remains in the stomach for an abnormally long period of time. […] In many people, doctors find no abnormality during a physical examination or after looking in the esophagus and stomach with a flexible viewing tube (upper endoscopy) or after doing imaging or laboratory tests. In such cases, called nonulcer dyspepsia (functional dyspepsia), the person’s symptoms may be due to an increased sensitivity to sensations in the stomach or to intestinal contractions.

• #1 Indigestion Symptoms: When To See A Doctor

  https://www.gastroconsa.com/indigestion-symptoms-when-to-see-a-doctor/

  Hiatal hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a part of the stomach pushes into the diaphragm. It can contribute to the development of indigestion symptoms. […] Medications: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, antibiotics, and some cardiovascular drugs, can irritate the stomach lining and cause indigestion. […] Stress and anxiety: Psychological factors like stress, anxiety, and emotional turmoil can trigger indigestion or worsen existing symptoms. […] Digestive conditions: Digestive disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), and celiac disease can cause indigestion symptoms. […] Gallstones: If gallstones obstruct the bile duct, it can lead to indigestion-like symptoms, especially after consuming fatty foods.

• #1 Indigestion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/indigestion/

  This irritation can be painful and often causes a burning sensation. Indigestion may also be due to the lining of your digestive system being overly sensitive to acid, or the stretching caused by eating. […] Indigestion can also be triggered or made worse by other factors. […] If you are very overweight, you are more likely to experience indigestion because of increased pressure inside your stomach (abdomen). […] The increased pressure, particularly after a large meal, may lead to acid reflux into the oesophagus. […] If you regularly experience feelings of stress or anxiety, this can contribute to symptoms of indigestion. […] A hiatus hernia occurs when part of your stomach pushes up into your diaphragm (the sheet of muscle under your lungs). It may partially block refluxed stomach acid clearing from your oesophagus, leading to heartburn.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/indigestion

  You may have indigestion after eating some foods, such as greasy or spicy foods, taking certain medications, or due to an underlying health condition. Treatment can depend on the cause. […] There are many possible causes of indigestion. These can range from dietary and lifestyle habits to the side effects of medications and serious underlying conditions. […] You experience indigestion when your body cannot digest food as normal. This may be the result of eating a lot or eating too fast. […] Spicy, greasy, and fatty foods also increase the risk of indigestion. Lying down too soon after eating can make it harder to digest food. This increases your risk of abdominal discomfort. […] Indigestion can be a side effect of taking specific medications. […] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, are one class of medications that can cause indigestion.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Symptoms, Causes, Diet, and Treatments

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/indigestion-overview

  Indigestion that lasts longer than one meal or that comes and goes may be caused by your lifestyle, a medical condition, or a medicine you take regularly. […] Some lifestyle factors that may cause indigestion that comes and goes include regularly: Eating too much, eating too fast, or eating during stressful situations. […] Common food triggers for acid reflux, which is a cause of indigestion, include: Fatty and fried food, spicy foods, foods with a lot of acid, like citrus fruit, tomatoes and tomato sauces, and vinegar, alcohol, fizzy drinks, caffeine, chocolate, onions, peppermint. […] Some medical conditions that may cause indigestion include: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), too much stomach acid (hyperchlorhydria), slow stomach emptying (gastroparesis), swelling in your stomach lining (gastritis), hiatal hernia, bacterial stomach infections, eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, gallstones and gallbladder swelling (cholecystitis), chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune conditions, such as thyroid disease or celiac disease, pregnancy, stomach cancer (very rare).

• #1 Indigestion – Causes and Symptoms | Rennie

  https://www.rennie.ie/indigestion/causes-symptoms

  Indigestion is often caused by excess stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the stomach, the top part of the bowel, or the oesophagus, which can cause soreness and swelling. […] Alcohol causes your stomach to produce more acid than normal, which can irritate your stomach lining. […] The chemicals in the smoke can cause the muscle between the oesophagus and stomach to relax, allowing acid to escape in to the digestive system. […] Symptoms of indigestion usually increase in times of stress, and get better when you’re relaxed. Stress and anxiety can have a huge impact on our digestion, leading to an increased production of stomach acid. […] Eating heavy meals or fatty foods can irritate the belly. Eating too fast also encourages indigestion. […] Persistent indigestion sometimes occurs as a result of an ulcer, taking certain medications, or another condition.

• #1 What Causes Indigestion? – New Life Nutrition

  https://www.newlifenutrition.com.au/gut-and-bowel-health/what-causes-indigestion/

  Poor eating habits, chronic digestive diseases, vices, and medications are four of the most common causes of indigestion. […] The symptoms of indigestion are more often experienced by individuals who have been diagnosed with: bile or pancreatic duct irregularities, Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections such as peptic ulcers, hiatus hernia, stomach cancer. […] Excessive drinking and smoking are linked to indigestion. […] Certain medicines and supplements, unfortunately, seem to trigger symptoms of indigestion. Individuals who suffer from indigestion are usually advised to avoid or exercise caution when taking: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or painkillers (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen), some antibiotics including clindamycin and tetracycline, iron and potassium dietary supplements, opioids that contain acetaminophen and hydrocodone, sedatives and tranquillisers such as diazepam and temazepam.

• #1 Indigestion – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

  Acute, self-limited dyspepsia may be caused by overeating, eating too quickly, eating high-fat foods, eating during stressful situations, or drinking too much alcohol or coffee. Many medications cause dyspepsia, including aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, bronchodilators, diabetes drugs, antihypertensive medications, cholesterol-lowering agents, neuropsychiatric medications, SSRIs, serotonin-norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors, Parkinson drugs, weight-loss medications, corticosteroids, estrogens, digoxin, iron, and opioids. Common herbs have also been shown to cause indigestion, like white willow berry, garlic, ginkgo, chaste tree berry, saw palmetto, and feverfew. Studies have shown that wheat and dietary fats can contribute to indigestion and suggest foods high in short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAP) may be associated with dyspepsia.

• #1 Heartburn and nausea: 5 possible causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325347

  Some medications can cause side effects that include heartburn and nausea. These include specific antibiotics and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen. […] Symptoms of indigestion are common in pregnant people. […] In rare cases, frequent bouts of heartburn and nausea can signify stomach cancer. […] More frequent bouts of heartburn and nausea may indicate an underlying health condition.

• #1 Indigestion (Upset Stomach): Causes, Symptoms & Home Remedies

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/indigestion/article_em.htm

  Indigestion has many causes including medical conditions, medications, diet, and lifestyle. Stress and anxiety often can make indigestion worse. […] Indigestion is a symptom of many different conditions. […] This dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system is caused most often by diseases, medications, and lifestyle. […] Stress and anxiety can affect the body and can aggravate symptoms of indigestion. […] Diseases or conditions that may cause indigestion include: Ulcers (gastric or duodenal ulcer), GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), Esophagitis, Hiatal hernia, Gallstones, Pregnancy (especially late-term), Inflammation of the pancreas (acute or chronic pancreatitis), Inflammation of the stomach (acute or chronic gastritis), Stomach infections and food poisoning, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Gastroparesis (a condition where the stomach doesn’t empty properly; this often occurs in people with diabetes), Food allergies or sensitivities (such as lactose intolerance), Heart disease, angina, heart attack, Thyroid disease, Depression, Stomach cancer (rare). […] Lifestyle factors that may cause indigestion include: Eating too much or too fast, Eating fatty, greasy, or spicy foods, Excessive alcohol intake, Smoking, Stress, fatigue, and anxiety, Caffeine, Moderate to intense exercise immediately after eating.

• #1 Causes of acid reflux | Rose Wellness

  https://rosewellness.com/causes-of-acid-reflux/

  Stress increases the production of cortisol, a hormone that affects digestion. To help alleviate digestive issues, use various stress-relieving techniques, such as meditation, yoga, and acupuncture. […] Drinking too many fluids during your meal can dilute the stomach acids needed for digestion. […] If your acid reflux symptoms are persistent, contact a functional medicine doctor who can help you identify the root cause of your condition.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/indigestion

  Several medical conditions can also cause indigestion. These include: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric cancer, pancreatic or bile duct abnormalities, peptic ulcers, lactose, gluten, and other intolerances, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroparesis. […] Sometimes you may experience indigestion with no apparent cause. The medical term for this is functional dyspepsia.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Uncommon-Causes-for-Indigestion.aspx

  Indigestion, also termed dyspepsia or stomach upset, is the discomfort that is felt in the upper abdomen in accompaniment with difficulty in digesting food. It is mostly considered a symptom of certain diseases rather than a disease in itself. […] Although this condition is quite frequent, the manifestations may vary with each occurrence of indigestion, depending upon the cause. […] Indigestion may be caused either by common causes such as overeating, stress, intake of acidic food, and conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease or due to some uncommon and rare causes. Pancreatic rest, lithobezoar, gastric lipoma, mesenteric panniculitis and diaphragmatic hernia are a few important but uncommon causes for indigestion. […] Based on the location and size of the pancreatic rest, the clinical symptoms that may occur include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, dyspepsia, pancreatitis, and pancreatic carcinoma.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Uncommon-Causes-for-Indigestion.aspx

  The presence of an undigested exogenous substance in the gastrointestinal tract is called a bezoar. A lithobezoar is composed of stones and rocks and it occurs rarely. […] Mesenteric panniculitis may be detected incidentally on a CT scan of the abdomen. […] Gastric lipoma is one of the rare gastric tumors, comprising about 2%3% of all gastric growths. […] Adult-onset diaphragmatic hernia is a very rare condition with a range of clinical symptoms. […] Therefore, it is not easy to conclude the cause of indigestion, and proper diagnosis by a physician is vital.

• #1 Indigestion and heartburn in pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/indigestion-and-heartburn-in-pregnancy

  Indigestion (dyspepsia) is a feeling of pain or discomfort in your stomach, while heartburn is a burning pain in your stomach and chest due to stomach acid. […] Indigestion and heartburn are common in pregnancy because of hormonal changes and your uterus pressing up against your stomach. […] Both indigestion and heartburn can be caused by several factors such as hormones and pressure on your growing uterus (womb). […] Several factors can lead to indigestion, such as slowed digestion pregnancy hormones can slow down the digestive process, increased pressure your growing uterus puts pressure on the stomach and intestines, dietary changes changes in diet or eating habits during pregnancy. […] Several factors can lead to heartburn. […] Progesterone, one of the pregnancy hormones, relaxes the muscle that usually keeps your stomach contents down. This lets food and acid move back up into your oesophagus.

• #1 Indigestion and heartburn in pregnancy | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/indigestion-and-heartburn-in-pregnancy

  In addition, as your pregnancy progresses, your uterus grows and pushes against your stomach. This pressure pushes the contents of your stomach up into your oesophagus. […] Heartburn can be triggered by what you eat and drink, such as a big meal, high-fat foods, spicy foods, chocolate, citrus fruit juices, drinks containing caffeine, including coffee, tea and cola, alcohol (which is not recommended in pregnancy).

• #1 What Causes Acid Reflux and GERD? 9 Reasons

  https://www.health.com/condition/heartburn/acid-reflux-causes

  Obesity is one of the main risk factors behind both acid reflux and GERD. […] Acid reflux is common during pregnancy. […] Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that attacks your body’s connective tissues. Many people with scleroderma develop acid reflux as a symptom. […] Smoking can damage your digestive system. […] Stress has been shown to trigger or worsen acid reflux symptoms. […] Some of the most common causes of acid reflux include certain foods and drinks, medications, and obesity.

• #1 when to be concerned about indigestion | Dayton Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrensdayton.org/the-hub/when-be-concerned-about-indigestion

  Indigestion is a common digestive problem that often happens after a person eats too much or too fast. […] Eating too much or too fast are the top causes of indigestion in children, unless your child is less than a year old. It can also happen more often if a child is under a lot of stress, has had a recent infection or has poor sleep habits. Many children notice worsened symptoms in the morning or with certain foods such as acidic foods (citrus, tomatoes, etc.), fatty/greasy foods and spicy foods. In more severe cases, indigestion can be related to stomach problems like gastritis or an ulcer.

• #1 Indigestion | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/stomach-liver-and-gastrointestinal-tract/indigestion/

  Indigestion may be caused by stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the digestive system (mucosa). The stomach acid breaks down the lining, leading to irritation and inflammation, which can be painful. […] The majority of people with indigestion dont have inflammation in their digestive system. Therefore, their symptoms are thought to be caused by increased sensitivity of the mucosa (to acidity or stretching). […] In most cases indigestion is related to eating, although it can be triggered by other factors such as smoking, drinking, alcohol, pregnancy, stress or taking certain medications. […] Indigestion has a number of different causes, but its rarely due to a serious, underlying condition. […] Its normal for your stomach to produce acid, but sometimes this acid can irritate the lining of your stomach, the top part of your bowel (duodenum) or your gullet (oesophagus).

• #1 Indigestion

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/indigestion/

  Indigestion is often caused by acid from your stomach irritating your stomach lining or throat. This is called acid reflux. […] This can be caused or made worse by: certain food and drink such as coffee, tomatoes, alcohol, chocolate and fatty or spicy foods. […] Indigestion can also be caused by an open sore in your stomach lining (stomach ulcer). Less often, it can be a sign of something more serious such as stomach cancer.

• #1 What are the Causes of Indigestion or Dyspepsia

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/indigestion-causes.htm

  The most common causes of indigestion or dyspepsia are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia. A number of cases are due to ulcers, and less than 2% arise due to malignancy. […] Functional dyspepsia is the cause in more than 60% of dyspeptic patients. The exact cause of functional dyspepsia is however not known. A number of hypotheses exist. Minor links with Helicobacter pylori (bacterium, a common cause for peptic ulcer); increased sensitivity of the individuals stomach lining to gastric acids; delayed emptying of the stomach following meals; a stiff stomach that doesnt sufficiently expand; anxiety, acute stress; are some of the suggested causes. Association with diet is not well established. Coffee may induce symptoms in functional dyspepsia by increasing acid secretion; irritating stomach or by precipitating GERD.

• #1 Indigestion (Dyspepsia): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

  https://patient.info/digestive-health/dyspepsia-indigestion

  Infection with H. pylori – see below. […] A bacteria called H. pylori can infect the lining of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most common infections in the UK. More than 1 in 4 people in the UK become infected with H. pylori at some stage in their lives. […] However, H. pylori is the most common cause of duodenal and stomach ulcers. […] Other problems of the upper gut, such as stomach cancer and oesophageal cancer, can cause dyspepsia when they first develop.

• #1 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Common-Causes-of-Indigestion-(Dyspepsia).aspx

  Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacteria usually found in the stomach, which has been associated with several diseases, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancers, which can cause indigestion. […] Disruption of the gut microbiome through antibiotics and other medications can also lead to indigestion.

• #1 Indigestion: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | SPARSH Hospital

  https://www.sparshhospital.com/disease/indigestion/

  Indigestion may result from dietary habits, stress, or underlying medical conditions. […] Eating habits play a major role in triggering indigestion. Overeating or eating too quickly can overwhelm the digestive system, leading to discomfort. […] Several underlying medical conditions are linked to indigestion. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often results in a burning sensation in the chest due to stomach acid backing up into the oesophagus. Peptic ulcers, which are sores in the stomach lining, can cause persistent indigestion pain. […] Certain medications can irritate the stomach lining and cause indigestion. Painkillers, antibiotics, and iron supplements are notable culprits. […] The main cause of indigestion is overeating or consuming fatty, spicy, or acidic foods. Stress, smoking, and certain medical conditions like GERD can also contribute.

• #1 Indigestion Causes | Why do you get indigestion?

  https://www.avogel.co.uk/health/digestive-system/indigestion/causes/

  Lifestyle habits which encourage indigestion include not sitting upright when eating, not chewing your food well, eating in a rush, skipping meals, and drinking large amounts of fluid when eating. […] Indigestion can be a symptom of a specific medical condition such as low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria), peptic ulcers, gallstones, obesity, hiatus hernia, stomach cancer, and medication.

• #1

  https://www.gavisconme.com/health-blog/heartburn-indigestion/indigestion-causes-and-symptoms/

  Most people will experience indigestion at some point in their lives. The term indigestion encompasses a range of digestive symptoms and is a common problem that affects many people, usually after eating or drinking. It is caused by acid breaking down the protective lining of the stomach wall, which leads to irritation and soreness. […] Eating large meals can cause your stomach to produce too much acid. Physically 'overfilling’ the stomach can create pressure and cause acid to escape. […] Eating irregularly or too quickly can mean that acid levels in the stomach don’t have time to regulate. […] Eating on the run or just before bedtime can make it easier for acid to escape back up into the oesophagus (food pipe). […] Fatty foods tend to stay in your stomach for longer because fats are slower to digest.

• #1 Dyspepsia (Indigestion) Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Medicine

  https://www.medicinenet.com/dyspepsia/article.htm

  According to research, dyspepsia can be caused by a high level of stress, anxiety, or depression. […] A potential cause of indigestion is a bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or SIBO), although the frequency with which this condition causes indigestion has not been determined. […] Researchers do not fully understand what causes dyspepsia, but risk factors may include: Anxiety, Depression, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Obesity. […] Dyspepsia can also be caused by your diet. A low-level, undiagnosed food allergy, could be triggering inflammation accounting for the symptoms felt. […] The most common cause of dyspepsia is probably gastrointestinal reflux disease (acid reflux or GERD). […] The future of dyspepsia will depend on our increasing knowledge of the processes (mechanisms) that cause dyspepsia.

• #1 Indigestion Causes and Remedies—When to See a GI Doctor

  https://gapgi.com/indigestion-causes-and-remedies/

  Indigestion, also referred to as dyspepsia, is not a condition itself but rather a collection of symptoms that affect your upper abdomen. These symptoms often include discomfort, bloating, burping, nausea, and a feeling of fullness even after eating a small meal. […] Indigestion can occur for a variety of reasons, often tied to lifestyle choices or dietary habits. Some of the most common culprits include: Eating too quickly: Your stomach works harder to digest food when there’s insufficient time for proper chewing. Fatty or spicy foods: These can irritate the digestive system and trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals. High caffeine or alcohol consumption: These substances relax the esophageal sphincter or trigger acid production, leading to discomfort. Stress or anxiety: The digestive system is closely linked to neurological responses, and stress can often cause or exacerbate indigestion. Medications: Certain over-the-counter and prescription drugs, such as NSAIDs or antibiotics, may irritate the stomach lining.

• #1 Indigestion 101: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | Pepto Bismol

  https://pepto-bismol.com/en-us/symptoms/all-indigestion-articles/indigestion-101-causes-symptoms-treatments

  Indigestion is pretty common; everyone has the occasional overindulgence, so youre not alone in feeling discomfort. […] People often develop indigestion after eating or drinking too much, eating too quickly, or eating particularly high-fat foods. […] Other lifestyle factors that can aggravate your indigestion include alcohol, stress and fatigue.

• #1 Causes of Indigestion | North Shore Gastroenterology

  https://www.northshoregastro.org/2020/04/24/causes-of-indigestion/

  Indigestion is a common digestive condition which can affect people of all ages. It can happen after eating a large meal, but chronic indigestion may be a sign of an underlying health issue. […] Indigestion can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as the following: […] Lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, what we eat, how much we eat at each meal, and what we drink can play a big part in developing indigestion. It can also be a symptom of excess stress and fatigue. Emotional trauma, anxiety, and depression can contribute to indigestion and make it, and other digestive problems, worse. […] Indigestion can be a symptom of an underlying medical condition or chronic digestive problem, which can include: […] Indigestion can also be caused by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori, which can cause ulcers and sores in the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). […] Some medications can cause indigestion or make it worse than usual. These can include certain antibiotics, steroids, thyroid medications, estrogen, oral contraceptives, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen.

• #1 11 Most Common Reasons Behind Indigestion, As Per An Expert

  https://www.ndtv.com/health/11-most-common-reasons-behind-indigestion-as-per-an-expert-4326317

  Chronic acid reflux can lead to persistent indigestion and heartburn. […] Indigestion can be triggered by various factors such as overeating, consuming fatty or spicy foods, smoking, stress, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. […] Regular or chronic indigestion may indicate an underlying issue that requires medical attention. […] Consuming large meals or eating too quickly can overwhelm the digestive system, leading to indigestion. […] Spices and chili can irritate the stomach lining and trigger indigestion in some individuals. […] Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and acidic beverages can increase stomach acid production, leading to indigestion. […] Smoking can irritate the stomach lining and contribute to indigestion. […] Too much caffeine and alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing stomach acid to flow back up, and causing indigestion and heartburn.

• #1 7 Causes of Indigestion

  https://www.gasofast.com/articles/Causes-of-Indigestion

  At some point in our life, we have all fallen victim to a dreadful condition called indigestion. […] When the condition continues over a prolonged period of time, it causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] If you’re prone to frequent indigestion, it may help to understand the seven most common reasons for the condition. […] Smoking causes an overproduction of acid in the stomach. […] This causes GERD, which means that it flows backwards into the oesophagus. […] Anxiety adversely affects our natural digestive enzymes and stomach acid which slows down the breakdown of energy in the body. […] Hiatal hernia causes indigestion by causing stomach acid to reflux into the oesophagus, causing severe indigestion (GERD). […] In fact, people with scleroderma often suffer from indigestion.

• #1 Indigestion: Symptoms, Causes, Remedies, and Treatment – Gastroenterology Consultants of Savannah

  https://www.gastrosav.com/blog/indigestion-symptoms-causes-and-more/

  Indigestion can be experienced on its own. More often, it points to another underlying cause. These causes include things such as ulcers, gallbladder disease, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). […] Indigestion can be caused by a variety of factors including medications, diseases, and certain lifestyle choices. […] Underlying diseases can also be the cause of indigestion. Diseases associated with Indigestion run a wide spectrum from thyroid disease, ulcers, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to GERD, stomach cancer, and gastroparesis (common in diabetics). […] Lifestyle choices can put you at risk for indigestion as well. Drinking too much alcohol or smoking are the leading lifestyle causes of indigestion. Eating habits also play a role, especially eating too much or too fast. […] Although uncommon, it is possible to have indigestion that is not related to any of these causes. Indigestion of this type is called functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia. The wide variety of causes makes an accurate diagnosis very important.

• #1 11 Most Common Reasons Behind Indigestion, As Per An Expert

  https://www.ndtv.com/health/11-most-common-reasons-behind-indigestion-as-per-an-expert-4326317

  Emotional stress can affect digestion and contribute to symptoms of indigestion. […] Chronic acid reflux can lead to persistent indigestion and heartburn. […] Some medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can irritate the stomach lining and cause indigestion. […] These open sores on the lining of the stomach or duodenum can cause indigestion, especially after eating. […] Gallstones can block the bile duct, leading to indigestion and pain. […] Conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastritis, and celiac disease can cause indigestion.

• #1 7 Causes of Indigestion

  https://www.gasofast.com/articles/Causes-of-Indigestion

  The extra collagen gets accumulated and thickens the walls of the oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter, causing GERD or indigestion. […] Consuming caffeinated beverages like coffee impacts the lining of the stomach, thus delaying muscle relaxation. […] Alcohol gastritis is a result of excessive drinking. […] These are all symptoms of dyspepsia or indigestion. […] Hard drugs like cocaine, heroin, and prescription opioids cause bowel tissue decay-causing gastrointestinal diseases like GERD. […] Prescription drugs like proton pump inhibitors have been known to trigger indigestion when overprescribed by doctors. […] Indigestion can be a recurring and distressful condition. […] If not tackled in time it can become permanent like GERD which cannot be fully cured, only treated.

• #1 Causes Of Indigestion – Toronto Naturopathic Clinic

  https://www.naturesintentionsnaturopathy.com/indigestion/causes-of-indigestion.html

  What most people actually suffer from are food intolerances which generally cause the majority of indigestion symptoms. […] Eating too quickly or not chewing food well leads to inadequate breakdown of food and incomplete mixing of the secretive juices and enzymes with the food, which can cause an uncomfortable after meal experience, if not ill. […] Inadequate Secretion Of Stomach Acids. This can be caused by stress, diet, age, vitamin B12 deficiency, prescriptions medications such as Losec or antacids among other factors. […] Various Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Can Cause Digestive Upsets. […] Certain Diseases Can Cause Indigestion Too. These include gall bladder disease, pancreatitis, thyroid problems, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers.

• #1 Managing Dyspepsia (Indigestion) in Older Adults | Ausmed

  https://www.ausmed.com/learn/articles/dyspepsia

  Dyspepsia may be associated with other symptoms such as: […] Dyspepsia may be brought on by: […] In some cases, dyspepsia may be caused by stomach acid coming into contact with and damaging the digestive mucosa (lining), which can lead to painful inflammation and irritation (NHS Inform 2020). […] However, many people who experience dyspepsia dont have inflammation. Instead, the mucosa may be more sensitive to acidity or stretching caused by eating (NHS Inform 2020). […] Dyspepsia is common in older adults for several reasons, including: […] The prevalence of older adults who are prescribed NSAIDs and aspirin […] Increased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in older adults. […] Depending on the underlying cause of the dyspepsia, if any, the patient may require treatment, including: […] Patients over 60 should undergo an endoscopy and biopsy of the stomach in order to test for Helicobacter pylori infection. If H. pylori are present, the patient can undergo eradication therapy.

• #1 GERD: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, Remedies for Relief

  https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/reflux-disease-gerd-1

  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) happens when acid from your stomach backs up into your esophagus, the tube connecting your stomach to your mouth. […] Doctors think that some people may have it because of a condition called hiatal hernia. […] Gastroesophageal reflux happens when the LES is weak or relaxes when it shouldn’t. This lets the stomach’s contents flow up into the esophagus. […] Some doctors believe a hiatal hernia may weaken the LES and raise your chances of gastroesophageal reflux. […] The reason is that pregnancy hormones can affect muscles in your stomach and esophagus, making acid reflux more likely. […] GERD is more common when you’re overweight or obese. Your risk for it will go up as you put on extra pounds. […] Certain medications can cause heartburn or make it worse. […] Recent studies show that GERD in infants and children is more common than doctors thought. […] Other risk factors for GERD in babies or children include: Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and other neuromuscular disorders.

• #1 Indigestion-Causes and Symptoms – Bay Biosciences

  https://baybiosciences.com/indigestion/

  In very rare cases, severe and persistent indigestion can lead to complications. These include: Esophageal stricture, Persistent exposure to stomach acid can cause scarring in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The tract can become narrow and constricted, causing difficulty with swallowing and chest pain. […] Pyloric stenosis, In some cases, stomach acid can cause long-term irritation of the pylorus, the passage between the stomach and the small intestine.

• #1 Indigestion – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/indigestion/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352215

  Your health care provider is likely to start with a health history and a thorough physical exam. […] Breath and stool tests, to check for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the bacterium associated with peptic ulcers, which can cause indigestion. […] Antibiotics, which can help if H. pylori bacteria are causing your indigestion. […] Not eating certain foods. Fatty and spicy foods, processed foods, carbonated beverages, caffeine, alcohol, and smoking can trigger indigestion. […] STW 5 (Iberogast), a liquid supplement containing extracts of nine herbs, may work by reducing the production of gastric acid. […] Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements to be sure you’re taking a safe dose.

• #1 What Causes Indigestion? – Cochise Oncology

  https://cochiseoncology.com/what-causes-indigestion/

  Nausea, heartburn, and other symptoms of indigestion may affect up to 30% of Americans. Indigestion is a symptom, not a condition, and has many causes. Indigestion can develop for many different reasons. The diagnosis and management of your indigestion depend on its underlying cause. […] Many people develop indigestion due to lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and medications. […] Many medical conditions can cause indigestion. It is a common symptom of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), ulcers, and many other digestive system concerns. […] Many medications and even supplements can cause indigestion. Indigestion and other digestive problems are common side effects of chemotherapy. […] Chemotherapy drugs usually work by interfering with rapidly dividing cells. They target cancer cells, but they also affect healthy cells. The cells that line your digestive system also divide rapidly. As a result, that lining can become damaged and irritated. […] Your doctor can treat indigestion in many ways depending on the cause.

• #1 Indigestion

  https://endoscopycenterofredbank.com/condition/indigestion

  Indigestion is a persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. This symptom is typically a sign of an underlying problem such as chronic acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease. […] Indigestion has many causes including, ulcers, GERD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Women who are pregnant also tend to experience indigestion. […] Certain medications can also cause indigestion, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, estrogen and oral contraceptives, steroid medications, some antibiotics, and thyroid medicines. […] Because indigestion is a symptom rather than a disease, treatment of indigestion will depend on the underlying cause of your symptoms.

• #2 Indigestion – Guts UK

  https://gutscharity.org.uk/advice-and-information/symptoms/indigestion/

  Indigestion (also known as dyspepsia) is a term used to describe unpleasant or even painful sensations at the top of the abdomen or in the lower part of the chest, Almost all of us are likely to experience indigestion from time to time, but it is rare that a serious underlying condition is the cause. […] There are several different causes of indigestion, but it is rare that a serious underlying condition is the cause. Almost all of us are likely to experience indigestion from time to time, often after a heavy, spicy, or fatty meal. Sometimes symptoms occur when we have rushed our food or when we have simply had too much to eat or drink. […] Functional dyspepsia is diagnosed when no specific cause of symptoms can be found. It happens when the nerves in the stomach become overly sensitive causing symptoms of pain. Eight in every ten people with indigestion are ultimately diagnosed with functional dyspepsia this is the most common cause of symptoms.

• #2 What are the Causes of Indigestion or Dyspepsia

  https://www.medindia.net/health/conditions/indigestion-causes.htm

  The most common causes of indigestion or dyspepsia are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and functional dyspepsia. A number of cases are due to ulcers, and less than 2% arise due to malignancy. […] Functional dyspepsia is the cause in more than 60% of dyspeptic patients. The exact cause of functional dyspepsia is however not known. A number of hypotheses exist. Minor links with Helicobacter pylori (bacterium, a common cause for peptic ulcer); increased sensitivity of the individuals stomach lining to gastric acids; delayed emptying of the stomach following meals; a stiff stomach that doesnt sufficiently expand; anxiety, acute stress; are some of the suggested causes. Association with diet is not well established. Coffee may induce symptoms in functional dyspepsia by increasing acid secretion; irritating stomach or by precipitating GERD.

• #2 Causes Of Indigestion | Alternative Treatment | Indigestion Treatment – Master the Body – Master The Body

  https://masterthebody.com/pages/indigestion-signs

  Many people have these acid reflux symptoms; it is extremely common. […] An individual’s likelihood increases with excess alcohol consumption and use of drugs that may irritate the stomach (such as aspirin). […] Pre-existing other conditions where there is an abnormality in the digestive tract such as an ulcer can also induce these signs. […] Emotional problems, such as anxiety or depression, can also create indigestion. […] There can be serious conditions that may lead to other acid reflux symptoms. […] Not chewing food thoroughly […] Poor Breathing patterns—one of the little-known Indigestion causes but possibly one of the worst. […] Lack of water consumption or dehydration […] Eating too much (i.e.large dinners when your metabolism is slowing down for the day) […] Eating too fast OR eating under stress

• #2 Rennie – Indigestion Symptoms and Causes

  https://www.rennie.co.za/indigestion/causes-symptoms

  Indigestion is often caused by excess stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the stomach, the top part of the bowel, or the oesophagus, which can cause soreness and swelling. […] Alcohol causes your stomach to produce more acid than normal, which can irritate your stomach lining. […] The chemicals in the smoke can cause the muscle between the oesophagus and stomach to relax, allowing acid to escape into the digestive system. […] Symptoms of indigestion usually increase in times of stress and get better when you’re relaxed. Stress and anxiety can have a huge impact on our digestion, leading to an increased production of stomach acid. […] Eating heavy meals or fatty foods can irritate the belly. Eating too fast also encourages indigestion. […] Constant indigestion sometimes occurs as a result of an ulcer, taking certain medications, or another condition.

• #2 Heartburn and nausea: 5 possible causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325347

  Some medications can cause side effects that include heartburn and nausea. These include specific antibiotics and NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen. […] Symptoms of indigestion are common in pregnant people. […] In rare cases, frequent bouts of heartburn and nausea can signify stomach cancer. […] More frequent bouts of heartburn and nausea may indicate an underlying health condition.

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