Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538174/

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] Health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. Ongoing patient education about the potential side effects should be provided for patients who take androgens for therapeutic use. Timely identification of the anabolic steroid abuse and appropriate referral for treatment is highly warranted. […] Clinicians should target treating depression, body-image, and dysmorphia and associated detrimental behavioral patterns in groups at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse.

• #2 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #3 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  This learning module reviews relevant terminology and explores the types of anabolic steroids, their therapeutic and illegal use, signs of abuse, and complications. […] After completing this learning module, learners will be prepared to: […] understand the laws and penalties associated with anabolic steroid possession, distribution, and use […] explain the difference between anabolic steroid abuse in adolescents and adults. […] Although synthetic AAS agents have therapeutic uses in medicine, they are also abused and misused for their effect on physique and muscle and bone strength. […] The use of AAS by athletes and non-athletes for performance enhancement has become a global health problem. […] A longitudinal study of 12,695 young adults also showed that the use of legal performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) during adolescence and young adulthood significantly increased the likelihood that an individual would use AAS as an adult.

• #4 Anabolic Steroids: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/anabolicsteroids.html

  Health care providers use anabolic steroids to treat some hormone problems in men, delayed puberty, and muscle loss from some diseases. […] But some people misuse anabolic steroids. […] Using them this way, without a prescription from a health care provider, is not legal or safe. […] Behavioral therapy and medicines can be helpful in treating anabolic steroid addiction.

• #5 Anabolic Steroid Abuse: Federal Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Anabolic Steroid Abuse among Teenagers | U.S. GAO

  https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-08-15

  The abuse of anabolic steroids by teenagers–that is, their use without a prescription–is a health concern. Anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of the hormone testosterone that can be taken orally, injected, or rubbed on the skin. […] The abuse of anabolic steroids can cause serious health effects and behavioral changes in teenagers. […] This report describes (1) federally funded efforts that address teenage abuse of anabolic steroids, (2) available research on teenage abuse of anabolic steroids, and (3) gaps or areas in need of improvement that federal officials and other experts identify in research that addresses teenage anabolic steroid abuse.

• #6 Anabolic Steroids and Sports: Winning at any Cost

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210/

  Anabolic steroids, commonly called „roids,” juice, hype or pump, are powerful prescription drugs. They are controlled substances that people abuse in high doses to boost their athletic performance. […] Anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body’s natural male hormone, testosterone. However, steroids cannot improve an athlete’s agility or skill. […] Properly used, anabolic steroids can aid in the treatment of blood disorders, connective tissue disease, some cancers, intractable arthritis, some sexual dysfunctions and other serious illnesses. But, because of their potentially serious side effects, they must be prescribed and used only under close medical supervision. […] The abuse of anabolic steroids by high school, college and other amateur athletes is a dangerous practice. Participants in amateur sports must be made aware of the physical and emotional dangers associated with steroid abuse. The „win at any cost” attitude embraced by some athletes must be redirected and replaced by personal dedication to the sport; a thorough knowledge of the sport’s physical demands and requirements; maintenance of a healthy lifestyle; and, an appreciation of the satisfaction that comes from participation.

• #7 Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5521-anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroid misuse is common. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health. […] The main reason people misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when using them in conjunction with weight training. […] Non-athlete weightlifters (bodybuilders) typically misuse them to improve their appearance. […] Anabolic steroid misuse is often associated with a form of body dysmorphic disorder called muscle dysmorphia. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can cause a variety of side effects ranging from mild to harmful or even life-threatening. […] Most side effects are reversible if you stop taking the drugs, but others may be permanent. […] Nonprescription doses are often 10 to 100 times higher than the doses healthcare providers prescribe to treat medical conditions. This is why the side effects are usually more severe than the side effects of prescribed anabolic steroid use. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health.

• #8 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs that increase muscle mass and decrease fat, as well as causing many undesirable effects. […] However, people of all ages have been known to misuse these drugs, including adolescent boys who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder. […] People who have body dysmorphic disorder may take anabolic steroids because they don’t see themselves as being physically big enough or strong enough. […] Some people believe taking anabolic steroids will help them become fit and healthy. This isn’t true: taking anabolic steroids is a dangerous drug habit.

• #9 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #10 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  This learning module reviews relevant terminology and explores the types of anabolic steroids, their therapeutic and illegal use, signs of abuse, and complications. […] After completing this learning module, learners will be prepared to: […] understand the laws and penalties associated with anabolic steroid possession, distribution, and use […] explain the difference between anabolic steroid abuse in adolescents and adults. […] Although synthetic AAS agents have therapeutic uses in medicine, they are also abused and misused for their effect on physique and muscle and bone strength. […] The use of AAS by athletes and non-athletes for performance enhancement has become a global health problem. […] A longitudinal study of 12,695 young adults also showed that the use of legal performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) during adolescence and young adulthood significantly increased the likelihood that an individual would use AAS as an adult.

• #11 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #12 Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5521-anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroid misuse is common. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health. […] The main reason people misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when using them in conjunction with weight training. […] Non-athlete weightlifters (bodybuilders) typically misuse them to improve their appearance. […] Anabolic steroid misuse is often associated with a form of body dysmorphic disorder called muscle dysmorphia. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can cause a variety of side effects ranging from mild to harmful or even life-threatening. […] Most side effects are reversible if you stop taking the drugs, but others may be permanent. […] Nonprescription doses are often 10 to 100 times higher than the doses healthcare providers prescribe to treat medical conditions. This is why the side effects are usually more severe than the side effects of prescribed anabolic steroid use. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health.

• #13 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs that increase muscle mass and decrease fat, as well as causing many undesirable effects. […] However, people of all ages have been known to misuse these drugs, including adolescent boys who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder. […] People who have body dysmorphic disorder may take anabolic steroids because they don’t see themselves as being physically big enough or strong enough. […] Some people believe taking anabolic steroids will help them become fit and healthy. This isn’t true: taking anabolic steroids is a dangerous drug habit.

• #14 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid addiction is a health issue that affects many people, with 32% of people who misuse steroids becoming dependent. Addiction can cause significant disruptions to ones way of life, from physical and mental health problems to relationship and financial difficulties. […] While substance use disorder is a complicated and often debilitating disease, several treatment options can provide relief if you’re struggling. […] If you believe you or a loved one might have a steroid addiction, watch for specific behavioral, physical and psychological signs: […] Substance use disorder often develops when taking more drugs than prescribed or combining substances with alcohol or other drugs. Increased usage can result in drug tolerance, and combining steroids and alcohol can cause liver damage and other health problems. Misusing steroids can become a routine that eventually turns into an addiction.

• #15 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs that increase muscle mass and decrease fat, as well as causing many undesirable effects. […] However, people of all ages have been known to misuse these drugs, including adolescent boys who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder. […] People who have body dysmorphic disorder may take anabolic steroids because they don’t see themselves as being physically big enough or strong enough. […] Some people believe taking anabolic steroids will help them become fit and healthy. This isn’t true: taking anabolic steroids is a dangerous drug habit.

• #16 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #17 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #18 Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5521-anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroid misuse is common. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health. […] The main reason people misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when using them in conjunction with weight training. […] Non-athlete weightlifters (bodybuilders) typically misuse them to improve their appearance. […] Anabolic steroid misuse is often associated with a form of body dysmorphic disorder called muscle dysmorphia. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can cause a variety of side effects ranging from mild to harmful or even life-threatening. […] Most side effects are reversible if you stop taking the drugs, but others may be permanent. […] Nonprescription doses are often 10 to 100 times higher than the doses healthcare providers prescribe to treat medical conditions. This is why the side effects are usually more severe than the side effects of prescribed anabolic steroid use. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health.

• #19 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #20 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #21 Anabolic steroid use disorder – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/987

  Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS; also known as anabolic steroid) use is the illicit use of testosterone derivatives to improve athletic performance and/or to increase lean body mass and muscle size. […] Focus of treatment is supporting AAS discontinuation and managing complications associated with chronic AAS use. […] Cardiac complications are the major cause of sudden and premature death.

• #22 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #23 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #24 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #25 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  We indicate that successful stopping is only possible if the user can accept a loss in muscle mass and strength. […] If the patient has not experienced severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of AAS in the past and does not appear to have social, psychological or somatic issues that impede the patients capacity to cope with symptoms of withdrawal, we advise to stop steroids abruptly. […] If testosterone levels are not very low and symptoms are well tolerated, waiting for spontaneous recovery of the HPG axis is advised. […] If symptoms persist for more than 3 months after the last injection, testing for plasma testosterone and gonadotrophins is warranted. […] Anabolic steroid abuse inherently results in suppression of spermatogenesis. […] Gynaecomastia or breast tenderness is a common side effect of AAS abuse.

• #26 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #27 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #28 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #29 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #30 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #31 What to do if you think your partner is using anabolic steroids

  https://healthymale.org.au/partners-guides/steroid-abuse

  Steroid abuse carries significant health risks such as heart attack, liver and brain damage and infertility. […] Most steroid users experience side effects and know the risks, but would stop if they experienced a serious health problem. […] If your partner has come off steroids suddenly and has experienced depression, they should be monitored by a health professional. […] Steroid abuse can come with rough side effects and serious long-term physical health, mental health, social and financial problems that can take a long time to go away. […] Injecting steroids increases the risk of contracting blood-borne viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis B, which can be passed on to a sexual partner. […] Steroid abuse causes male infertility, which can be distressing if you’re trying to start or grow your family. […] If your partner wants to stop abusing steroids, encourage them to see a doctor and be honest to get the right support. […] A doctor-assisted detox can help with managing withdrawal symptoms.

• #32 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #33 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #34 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #35 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid misuse is also associated with major mood disorders like hypomania, mania and depression. […] Individuals should seek immediate treatment for steroid addiction with a professional health care provider to prevent these outcomes. […] If you or a loved one experience any of the above symptoms, it may be time to seek treatment for steroid addiction. […] It’s essential that steroid addiction is addressed both professionally and medically in a residential or outpatient treatment center. […] To treat the underlying causes of steroid addiction, treatment centers might use a combination of medicines and therapies. […] When individuals first enter a steroid addiction treatment center, licensed medical professionals will evaluate them for their treatment needs. […] Medical professionals will first help the patient detox safely.

• #36 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #37 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #38 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Prolonged anabolic steroid abuse has numerous deleterious effects ranging from cystic acne to reproductive system irregularities and halted development resulting from premature epiphyseal, or growth plate fusion. […] Aside from people who are prescribed these substances for medical reasons, anabolics are abused by people looking to change their physical health, performance, and/or appearance. […] People who use and abuse anabolic steroids do so for their effects related to improved physical performance and muscle growth. […] However, with these intended improvements in strength and performance can come many unwanted short-term effects of steroid use, which include: Acne, Mood swings, Fatigue, Restlessness/ agitation, Decreased appetite, Trouble sleeping, Decreased sperm count, Impotence.

• #39 Brain Effects of Anabolic Steroids | Findlay Recovery Center

  https://findlayrecoverycenter.com/the-impacts-on-the-brain-when-you-use-anabolic-steroids/

  Anabolic steroids are drugs that act like the body’s natural hormones. These drugs are often abused by athletes to increase muscle size and improve performance, but there is a lot of misinformation about how they work. […] Anabolic steroids are harmful because they can lead to long-term problems with the brain’s structure and function. These changes in the brain can affect behavior, personality, decision-making, mood, or memory. […] The use of anabolic steroids can have long-term psychological impacts on the brain. A study found that people who had used anabolic steroids for more than two years were more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety disorders than people who had never used steroids. […] Anabolic steroid users can recover from their problems with the proper treatment and care. However, some people may need to be hospitalized to receive adequate supervision and support during this process. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with anabolic steroid addiction, we can help you or your loved one find the right treatment option to recover safely and sustainably from all problems related to drug abuse.

• #40 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid addiction is a health issue that affects many people, with 32% of people who misuse steroids becoming dependent. Addiction can cause significant disruptions to ones way of life, from physical and mental health problems to relationship and financial difficulties. […] While substance use disorder is a complicated and often debilitating disease, several treatment options can provide relief if you’re struggling. […] If you believe you or a loved one might have a steroid addiction, watch for specific behavioral, physical and psychological signs: […] Substance use disorder often develops when taking more drugs than prescribed or combining substances with alcohol or other drugs. Increased usage can result in drug tolerance, and combining steroids and alcohol can cause liver damage and other health problems. Misusing steroids can become a routine that eventually turns into an addiction.

• #41 Steroid Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, Effects and Treatment

  https://hopeharborwellness.com/steroid-addiction-treatment/

  Anabolic steroid addiction affects a significant portion of those who use steroids, with approximately 32% of users becoming dependent. This type of addiction can disrupt many aspects of life, including physical and mental health, relationships, and financial stability. […] Individuals often misuse steroids to enhance fitness, build muscle quickly, and boost athletic performance. However, this can lead to a strong addiction, making it difficult for them to stop using steroids on their own. […] If you suspect you or a loved one is struggling with steroid addiction, it is crucial to seek help immediately. Early intervention can prevent the progression of addiction and mitigate the severe consequences associated with steroid misuse. […] Anabolic steroid misuse involves problematic use that significantly disrupts the user’s life.

• #42 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #43 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #44 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #45 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #46 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #47 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #48 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #49 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #50 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #51 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #52 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #53 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Many people who misuse steroids spend large amounts of time and money to obtain the drugs they use. […] When they stop taking steroids, people can experience withdrawal symptoms that can include mood swings, restlessness, loss of appetite, and craving for steroids. […] One of the most serious withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping steroid use is depression because it can sometimes lead to a suicide attempt. […] Treatment for anabolic steroid withdrawal often involves: Supportive care to manage physical symptoms, Psychoeducation to help people understand the effects of steroid use, Evaluation for depression and suicidal thoughts. […] If withdrawal symptoms become severe or prolonged, people are given medications to treat the specific withdrawal symptoms. […] If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.

• #54 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #55 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #56 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #57 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #58 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #59 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #60 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #61 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #62 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #63 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #64 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #65 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  If the physical exam and routine laboratory testing support the preliminary diagnosis of anabolic steroid use, a physician should test directly for the presence of anabolic steroids after discussing the rationale for the testing with the patient. At this point, the patient may admit to inappropriate use of anabolic steroids.

• #66 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #67 Anabolic steroid use disorder – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/987

  Anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS; also known as anabolic steroid) use is the illicit use of testosterone derivatives to improve athletic performance and/or to increase lean body mass and muscle size. […] Focus of treatment is supporting AAS discontinuation and managing complications associated with chronic AAS use. […] Cardiac complications are the major cause of sudden and premature death.

• #68 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #69 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #70 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #71 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #72

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4438922&Journal_ID=1444159&Issue_ID=4438532

  In the addiction treatment field, when we refer to „steroid use,” we are referring to those compounds known as anabolic steroids-those whose primary use is to cause skeletal muscle hyperplasia or enhancement and that are therefore sought after for the main purposes of muscle growth and physical performance. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids for weight lifters and bodybuilders has been identified since 1954, and their use has expanded to many professional sports. […] The treatment goal for patients using anabolic steroids is abstinence. Physical withdrawal symptoms, if any, are not life threatening and do not ordinarily require pharmacotherapy. Should musculoskeletal pain or headaches occur, the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may be indicated. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for the development of anabolic steroid-induced mood disorders or anabolic steroid-induced psychotic disorder. […] Obviously, in light of the current environment of experimentation, impulsiveness, and the need for immediate gratification among the emerging young adult population, there needs to be more emphasis on education and research into the consequences of anabolic steroid use.

• #73 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #74 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Many people who misuse steroids spend large amounts of time and money to obtain the drugs they use. […] When they stop taking steroids, people can experience withdrawal symptoms that can include mood swings, restlessness, loss of appetite, and craving for steroids. […] One of the most serious withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping steroid use is depression because it can sometimes lead to a suicide attempt. […] Treatment for anabolic steroid withdrawal often involves: Supportive care to manage physical symptoms, Psychoeducation to help people understand the effects of steroid use, Evaluation for depression and suicidal thoughts. […] If withdrawal symptoms become severe or prolonged, people are given medications to treat the specific withdrawal symptoms. […] If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.

• #75 Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/medications/anabolic-steroid-use-disorder/

  Athletes who have been using AAS must stop its use immediately, even though they may experience withdrawal symptoms. […] Doctors should also consider addressing any additional mental health problems that exist alongside AAS use. Conditions like anxiety and depression could be managed with antidepressant medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy. […] If healthcare professionals think their patients might be misusing these drugs, they should be on alert. Its also important to educate patients about the potential risks if they are using these steroids for medical treatment. If misuse is identified early, the patient can be referred for treatment. This is extremely important to prevent further damage to the patient’s health.

• #76 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  We indicate that successful stopping is only possible if the user can accept a loss in muscle mass and strength. […] If the patient has not experienced severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of AAS in the past and does not appear to have social, psychological or somatic issues that impede the patients capacity to cope with symptoms of withdrawal, we advise to stop steroids abruptly. […] If testosterone levels are not very low and symptoms are well tolerated, waiting for spontaneous recovery of the HPG axis is advised. […] If symptoms persist for more than 3 months after the last injection, testing for plasma testosterone and gonadotrophins is warranted. […] Anabolic steroid abuse inherently results in suppression of spermatogenesis. […] Gynaecomastia or breast tenderness is a common side effect of AAS abuse.

• #77 Anabolic Steroids: Effects, Risks, and Long-Term Impact

  https://recovered.org/stimulants/anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroids, also known as 'roids’ or 'juice,’ are commonly-used drugs with serious potential side effects. […] Steroid abuse can lead to severe long-term effects, such as infertility, liver damage, heart disease, and psychological changes like aggression and mood swings. […] Steroid addiction is possible, with withdrawal symptoms including depression and fatigue. Treatment options include medical therapy and behavioral support. […] There are no medical or therapeutic benefits to the high doses required to achieve these effects, and the risks of negative consequences are significant. […] Help is available for anyone worried about their abuse of steroids, although many people who use the drugs regularly do not report wanting to stop. […] Medicinal treatment of steroid abuse, especially if that use lasts longer than a year, can include clomiphene. This helps to increase blood levels of important hormones, including testosterone, and can help to normalize hormone levels and reduce withdrawal effects. […] For people unwilling to stop taking steroids, it is possible to use prescription testosterone to replace illegal drugs in the short term. Usage can then be reduced to safer levels.

• #78 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  This review summarizes 10 years experience with male abusers of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). […] We share our views on the management of common health problems associated with AAS abuse. […] Users of AAS can be referred to us by their general practitioner or medical specialist if they want advice or treatment for health problems associated with current or past use of AAS. […] Based on our experience, we discuss the management of steroid abuse and give treatment recommendations for the clinical endocrinologist. […] Treating (past) steroid abusers can be complicated for several reasons. […] Managing health problems in active users asks for a strategy of harm reduction. […] Whenever healthcare is provided to active AAS abusers, we advise to contemplate on these issues and to devise an individually tailored protocol, describing very clearly the type and extent of the care we are willing to offer.

• #79 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #80 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #81 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #82 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #83 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #84 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #85 Anabolic Steroid Misuse | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/anabolic-steroid-misuse

  Your doctor may ask questions about your fitness activities and what kinds of dietary supplements and other substances you use. […] Treatment for misuse of anabolic steroids has not been studied much. Doctors most often advise: […] Treatment in a program that includes medicines for withdrawal symptoms and other health problems. […] Family and social support. […] Individual or family counseling.

• #86 Anabolic Steroid Misuse | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/anabolic-steroid-misuse

  Your doctor may ask questions about your fitness activities and what kinds of dietary supplements and other substances you use. […] Treatment for misuse of anabolic steroids has not been studied much. Doctors most often advise: […] Treatment in a program that includes medicines for withdrawal symptoms and other health problems. […] Family and social support. […] Individual or family counseling.

• #87 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #88 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #89 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #90 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #91 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #92 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #93 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #94 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #95 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #96 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #97 Substance use and misuse: Anabolic steroids : CPPE

  https://www.cppe.ac.uk/programmes/l/Substance-L-01/

  This e-lecture complements the CPPE learning available about substance misuse by covering the misuse of anabolic steroids and how needle and syringe programmes can support this group. […] By the end of this e-lecture you will be able to: […] describe the use of anabolic steroids and their side effects […] evaluate the harm reduction advice you would give to anabolic steroid users.

• #98 Anabolic Steroid Abuse: Federal Efforts to Prevent and Reduce Anabolic Steroid Abuse among Teenagers | U.S. GAO

  https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-08-15

  The abuse of anabolic steroids by teenagers–that is, their use without a prescription–is a health concern. Anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of the hormone testosterone that can be taken orally, injected, or rubbed on the skin. […] The abuse of anabolic steroids can cause serious health effects and behavioral changes in teenagers. […] This report describes (1) federally funded efforts that address teenage abuse of anabolic steroids, (2) available research on teenage abuse of anabolic steroids, and (3) gaps or areas in need of improvement that federal officials and other experts identify in research that addresses teenage anabolic steroid abuse.

• #99 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #100 Chapter 12. Anabolic Steroids – HLT 214 – Substance Use and Abuse – Textbook – LibGuides at Hostos Community College Library

  https://guides.hostos.cuny.edu/hlt214/ch12

  At the conclusion of this chapter, students will be able to: […] Demonstrate an understanding of the acute and chronic effects and the special risks of anabolic steroids in teens. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids might lead to negative mental effects, such as: […] Anabolic steroid misuse might lead to serious, even permanent, health problems such as: […] Anabolic steroids work differently from other drugs of abuse; they do not have the same short-term effects on the brain. […] Even though anabolic steroids do not cause the same high as other drugs, they can lead to a substance use disorder. […] The most severe form of a substance use disorder is addiction. […] These behaviors reflect steroids’ addictive potential.

• #101 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #102 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #103 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #104 Anabolic Steroids and Sports: Winning at any Cost

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210/

  Anabolic steroids, commonly called „roids,” juice, hype or pump, are powerful prescription drugs. They are controlled substances that people abuse in high doses to boost their athletic performance. […] Anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body’s natural male hormone, testosterone. However, steroids cannot improve an athlete’s agility or skill. […] Properly used, anabolic steroids can aid in the treatment of blood disorders, connective tissue disease, some cancers, intractable arthritis, some sexual dysfunctions and other serious illnesses. But, because of their potentially serious side effects, they must be prescribed and used only under close medical supervision. […] The abuse of anabolic steroids by high school, college and other amateur athletes is a dangerous practice. Participants in amateur sports must be made aware of the physical and emotional dangers associated with steroid abuse. The „win at any cost” attitude embraced by some athletes must be redirected and replaced by personal dedication to the sport; a thorough knowledge of the sport’s physical demands and requirements; maintenance of a healthy lifestyle; and, an appreciation of the satisfaction that comes from participation.

• #105 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #106 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #107 Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/5521-anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroid misuse is common. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health. […] The main reason people misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when using them in conjunction with weight training. […] Non-athlete weightlifters (bodybuilders) typically misuse them to improve their appearance. […] Anabolic steroid misuse is often associated with a form of body dysmorphic disorder called muscle dysmorphia. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can cause a variety of side effects ranging from mild to harmful or even life-threatening. […] Most side effects are reversible if you stop taking the drugs, but others may be permanent. […] Nonprescription doses are often 10 to 100 times higher than the doses healthcare providers prescribe to treat medical conditions. This is why the side effects are usually more severe than the side effects of prescribed anabolic steroid use. […] Misuse of anabolic steroids can be harmful to your health.

• #108 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines that are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs that increase muscle mass and decrease fat, as well as causing many undesirable effects. […] However, people of all ages have been known to misuse these drugs, including adolescent boys who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder. […] People who have body dysmorphic disorder may take anabolic steroids because they don’t see themselves as being physically big enough or strong enough. […] Some people believe taking anabolic steroids will help them become fit and healthy. This isn’t true: taking anabolic steroids is a dangerous drug habit.

• #109 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #110 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #111 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid misuse is also associated with major mood disorders like hypomania, mania and depression. […] Individuals should seek immediate treatment for steroid addiction with a professional health care provider to prevent these outcomes. […] If you or a loved one experience any of the above symptoms, it may be time to seek treatment for steroid addiction. […] It’s essential that steroid addiction is addressed both professionally and medically in a residential or outpatient treatment center. […] To treat the underlying causes of steroid addiction, treatment centers might use a combination of medicines and therapies. […] When individuals first enter a steroid addiction treatment center, licensed medical professionals will evaluate them for their treatment needs. […] Medical professionals will first help the patient detox safely.

• #112

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  BACKGROUND: The non-medical use of anabolic androgenic steroids for the improvement of aesthetic and sports performance purposes has become a global substance use disorder, particularly among men in recreational sports. […] Health outcomes among people who are using anabolic androgenic steroids may be detrimental, yet healthcare services for these users are scarce. […] The aim of this project was to conduct a quality assurance study to evaluate the feasibility of providing current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users based on the published literature within a primary care practice in Zurich (Switzerland). […] RESULTS: Overall, 34 eligible patients were seen over the period from June until December 2023. […] Patients were commonly young professional males (mean: 38.5 years, standard deviation: 8 years), with educational level beyond compulsory schooling. […] The main motivation for using anabolic androgenic steroids was aesthetic purposes. […] Most patients suffered from side effects with multiple physical as well as mental health complications.

• #113

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-002-0086-6

  Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are mainly used to treat androgen deficiency syndromes and, more recently, catabolic states such as AIDS-associated wasting. […] Conversely, 165 instances of AAS dependence have been reported among weightlifters and bodybuilders who, as part of their weight training regimens, chronically administered supraphysiologic doses, often including combinations of injected and oral AAS as well as other drugs of abuse. […] The adverse consequences of AAS are reviewed, as well as their assessment by means of a history and physical, mental status examination, and laboratory testing. […] When patients with AAS use disorders are compared with patients with other substance use disorders, both similarities and differences become apparent and have implications for treatment.

• #114 Anabolic Steroids: Uses, Abuse, and Side Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/men/anabolic-steroids

  The misuse of anabolic steroids is common among athletes because it increases lean muscle mass more quickly and dramatically when combined with weight lifting than weight lifting alone. […] Studies show that few people who misuse anabolic steroids seek treatment to stop using them. To treat steroid use, the most effective methods involve uncovering the underlying causes of the misuse. […] Treatment options include therapy and possibly medication for muscle dysmorphia, endocrine therapies to help treat low testosterone levels after stopping anabolic steroids to help prevent and reduce symptoms of depression, antidepressants, and drug and psychosocial treatments for people who are also dependent on opioids. These methods may work to reduce dependence on anabolic steroids.

• #115 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #116 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #117 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  We indicate that successful stopping is only possible if the user can accept a loss in muscle mass and strength. […] If the patient has not experienced severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of AAS in the past and does not appear to have social, psychological or somatic issues that impede the patients capacity to cope with symptoms of withdrawal, we advise to stop steroids abruptly. […] If testosterone levels are not very low and symptoms are well tolerated, waiting for spontaneous recovery of the HPG axis is advised. […] If symptoms persist for more than 3 months after the last injection, testing for plasma testosterone and gonadotrophins is warranted. […] Anabolic steroid abuse inherently results in suppression of spermatogenesis. […] Gynaecomastia or breast tenderness is a common side effect of AAS abuse.

• #118 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #119

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #120

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #121 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #122 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #123 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #124 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #125 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #126 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid misuse is also associated with major mood disorders like hypomania, mania and depression. […] Individuals should seek immediate treatment for steroid addiction with a professional health care provider to prevent these outcomes. […] If you or a loved one experience any of the above symptoms, it may be time to seek treatment for steroid addiction. […] It’s essential that steroid addiction is addressed both professionally and medically in a residential or outpatient treatment center. […] To treat the underlying causes of steroid addiction, treatment centers might use a combination of medicines and therapies. […] When individuals first enter a steroid addiction treatment center, licensed medical professionals will evaluate them for their treatment needs. […] Medical professionals will first help the patient detox safely.

• #127 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #128 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #129 Steroid Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, Effects and Treatment

  https://hopeharborwellness.com/steroid-addiction-treatment/

  Signs that someone may be addicted to steroids include: Tolerance: Needing increasingly larger amounts of steroids to achieve the same physical results. […] Treating anabolic steroid addiction requires a comprehensive approach, similar to other drug addictions, despite steroids not producing a traditional euphoric high. […] Effective steroid addiction treatment centers offer a blend of medical and therapeutic interventions to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. […] Seeking treatment for steroid addiction is a vital step towards recovery, and it’s one that doesn’t have to be taken alone. Treatment centers provide structured support, helping individuals achieve sobriety while maintaining a healthier lifestyle.

• #130 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #131 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #132 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid misuse is also associated with major mood disorders like hypomania, mania and depression. […] Individuals should seek immediate treatment for steroid addiction with a professional health care provider to prevent these outcomes. […] If you or a loved one experience any of the above symptoms, it may be time to seek treatment for steroid addiction. […] It’s essential that steroid addiction is addressed both professionally and medically in a residential or outpatient treatment center. […] To treat the underlying causes of steroid addiction, treatment centers might use a combination of medicines and therapies. […] When individuals first enter a steroid addiction treatment center, licensed medical professionals will evaluate them for their treatment needs. […] Medical professionals will first help the patient detox safely.

• #133 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #134 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #135 Anabolic Steroids: Uses, Abuse, and Side Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/men/anabolic-steroids

  The misuse of anabolic steroids is common among athletes because it increases lean muscle mass more quickly and dramatically when combined with weight lifting than weight lifting alone. […] Studies show that few people who misuse anabolic steroids seek treatment to stop using them. To treat steroid use, the most effective methods involve uncovering the underlying causes of the misuse. […] Treatment options include therapy and possibly medication for muscle dysmorphia, endocrine therapies to help treat low testosterone levels after stopping anabolic steroids to help prevent and reduce symptoms of depression, antidepressants, and drug and psychosocial treatments for people who are also dependent on opioids. These methods may work to reduce dependence on anabolic steroids.

• #136 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #137

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4438922&Journal_ID=1444159&Issue_ID=4438532

  In the addiction treatment field, when we refer to „steroid use,” we are referring to those compounds known as anabolic steroids-those whose primary use is to cause skeletal muscle hyperplasia or enhancement and that are therefore sought after for the main purposes of muscle growth and physical performance. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids for weight lifters and bodybuilders has been identified since 1954, and their use has expanded to many professional sports. […] The treatment goal for patients using anabolic steroids is abstinence. Physical withdrawal symptoms, if any, are not life threatening and do not ordinarily require pharmacotherapy. Should musculoskeletal pain or headaches occur, the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may be indicated. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for the development of anabolic steroid-induced mood disorders or anabolic steroid-induced psychotic disorder. […] Obviously, in light of the current environment of experimentation, impulsiveness, and the need for immediate gratification among the emerging young adult population, there needs to be more emphasis on education and research into the consequences of anabolic steroid use.

• #138 Anabolic Steroids: Effects, Risks, and Long-Term Impact

  https://recovered.org/stimulants/anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroids, also known as 'roids’ or 'juice,’ are commonly-used drugs with serious potential side effects. […] Steroid abuse can lead to severe long-term effects, such as infertility, liver damage, heart disease, and psychological changes like aggression and mood swings. […] Steroid addiction is possible, with withdrawal symptoms including depression and fatigue. Treatment options include medical therapy and behavioral support. […] There are no medical or therapeutic benefits to the high doses required to achieve these effects, and the risks of negative consequences are significant. […] Help is available for anyone worried about their abuse of steroids, although many people who use the drugs regularly do not report wanting to stop. […] Medicinal treatment of steroid abuse, especially if that use lasts longer than a year, can include clomiphene. This helps to increase blood levels of important hormones, including testosterone, and can help to normalize hormone levels and reduce withdrawal effects. […] For people unwilling to stop taking steroids, it is possible to use prescription testosterone to replace illegal drugs in the short term. Usage can then be reduced to safer levels.

• #139 Anabolic Steroids: Effects, Risks, and Long-Term Impact

  https://recovered.org/stimulants/anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroids, also known as 'roids’ or 'juice,’ are commonly-used drugs with serious potential side effects. […] Steroid abuse can lead to severe long-term effects, such as infertility, liver damage, heart disease, and psychological changes like aggression and mood swings. […] Steroid addiction is possible, with withdrawal symptoms including depression and fatigue. Treatment options include medical therapy and behavioral support. […] There are no medical or therapeutic benefits to the high doses required to achieve these effects, and the risks of negative consequences are significant. […] Help is available for anyone worried about their abuse of steroids, although many people who use the drugs regularly do not report wanting to stop. […] Medicinal treatment of steroid abuse, especially if that use lasts longer than a year, can include clomiphene. This helps to increase blood levels of important hormones, including testosterone, and can help to normalize hormone levels and reduce withdrawal effects. […] For people unwilling to stop taking steroids, it is possible to use prescription testosterone to replace illegal drugs in the short term. Usage can then be reduced to safer levels.

• #140 Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/medications/anabolic-steroid-use-disorder/

  Athletes who have been using AAS must stop its use immediately, even though they may experience withdrawal symptoms. […] Doctors should also consider addressing any additional mental health problems that exist alongside AAS use. Conditions like anxiety and depression could be managed with antidepressant medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy. […] If healthcare professionals think their patients might be misusing these drugs, they should be on alert. Its also important to educate patients about the potential risks if they are using these steroids for medical treatment. If misuse is identified early, the patient can be referred for treatment. This is extremely important to prevent further damage to the patient’s health.

• #141 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #142 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #143 Harmful Effects of Anabolic Steroids | Laguna Treatment Center

  https://lagunatreatment.com/drug-abuse/anabolic-steroids/

  The use of anabolic steroids can pose serious risks to a persons health and well-being. […] Use of steroids often starts with someones desire to obtain a physical image thats fairly unattainable through diet and exercise alone. […] Treatment of anabolic steroid abuse as a result of body dysmorphic disorder will typically include the prescription of antidepressants. […] Ongoing support is often necessary to keep individuals from relapsing and using steroids again. Behavioral therapy is vital, and support groups can be a terrific way for individuals to forge friendships with others who have struggled with the same issues, while also helping themselves heal from addiction.

• #144 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #145 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #146 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #147 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #148 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #149 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #150 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #151 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  When withdrawal symptoms subside and the patient is physically stabilized, they’ll learn the tools to manage their steroid addiction through inpatient, outpatient or partial hospitalization programs. […] Since addiction is chronic, aftercare is essential to help you prevent relapse and continue down a healthy path. […] You’ll gain a support network at a steroid addiction treatment center to help you reach sobriety and maintain a happier, healthier lifestyle.

• #152 Steroid Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, Effects and Treatment

  https://hopeharborwellness.com/steroid-addiction-treatment/

  Signs that someone may be addicted to steroids include: Tolerance: Needing increasingly larger amounts of steroids to achieve the same physical results. […] Treating anabolic steroid addiction requires a comprehensive approach, similar to other drug addictions, despite steroids not producing a traditional euphoric high. […] Effective steroid addiction treatment centers offer a blend of medical and therapeutic interventions to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. […] Seeking treatment for steroid addiction is a vital step towards recovery, and it’s one that doesn’t have to be taken alone. Treatment centers provide structured support, helping individuals achieve sobriety while maintaining a healthier lifestyle.

• #153 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #154 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #155 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #156 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #157 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #158 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #159 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #160 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #161 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines. […] They are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If anabolic steroids are used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Your GP will help you to get treatment for addiction. […] Your GP may refer you to a drugs counsellor. They’ll discuss your addiction and help you safely stop taking anabolic steroids. […] Anabolic steroids have limited medical uses. […] Anabolic steroids are only legally available when prescribed by a doctor. […] It is illegal to sell them or supply them. […] Most sport organisations ban and test for anabolic steroid use. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs. […] People may also misuse these drugs for other reasons.

• #162 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #163 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #164 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #165 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #166 Diagnosing Anabolic Steroid Use | Journal of Ethics | American Medical Association

  https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/diagnosing-anabolic-steroid-use/2004-07

  Anabolic steroid misuse is a growing problem in the United States. According to the 2003 Youth Risk and Behavior Surveillance System, 6.1 percent of high school students had taken steroid pills or shots without a valid prescription during their lifetime. Males were more likely than females to engage in illegal steroid use during their lifetime (6.8% v 5.3%). Adolescents who misuse steroids are also more likely to use other illicit substances including alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana. […] A complete physical examination provides important evidence about a patient whom you suspect may be misusing anabolic steroids. Many of these exam findings manifest because anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the primary male sex hormone, testosterone. The physician should look for the presence of: Acne, Gynecomastia, Cutaneous striae (especially in the deltopectoral area), Testicular atrophy, Needle stick marks in the buttocks, thighs, or deltoids, Elevated blood pressure.

• #167 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Many people who use anabolic steroids are aware of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in certain ways they can avoid side effects. […] But there is no evidence that any of these methods actually reduce side effects and harms from taking anabolic steroids. […] Regularly taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and psychological changes in both men and women, as well as potentially dangerous medical conditions. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can also cause the following psychological or emotional effects: aggressive behaviour, mood swings, paranoia, manic behaviour, hallucinations and delusions. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. This means you can crave the drug, require more to get the same effect, and have withdrawal symptoms if you suddenly stop taking it.

• #168 Steroid Drug Addiction Treatment & Rehab Center in Illinois

  https://www.gatewayfoundation.org/what-we-treat/drug-abuse-treatment/steroid-addiction/

  Anabolic steroid misuse is also associated with major mood disorders like hypomania, mania and depression. […] Individuals should seek immediate treatment for steroid addiction with a professional health care provider to prevent these outcomes. […] If you or a loved one experience any of the above symptoms, it may be time to seek treatment for steroid addiction. […] It’s essential that steroid addiction is addressed both professionally and medically in a residential or outpatient treatment center. […] To treat the underlying causes of steroid addiction, treatment centers might use a combination of medicines and therapies. […] When individuals first enter a steroid addiction treatment center, licensed medical professionals will evaluate them for their treatment needs. […] Medical professionals will first help the patient detox safely.

• #169 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #170 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #171 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #172 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #173 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #174 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #175 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  This learning module reviews relevant terminology and explores the types of anabolic steroids, their therapeutic and illegal use, signs of abuse, and complications. […] After completing this learning module, learners will be prepared to: […] understand the laws and penalties associated with anabolic steroid possession, distribution, and use […] explain the difference between anabolic steroid abuse in adolescents and adults. […] Although synthetic AAS agents have therapeutic uses in medicine, they are also abused and misused for their effect on physique and muscle and bone strength. […] The use of AAS by athletes and non-athletes for performance enhancement has become a global health problem. […] A longitudinal study of 12,695 young adults also showed that the use of legal performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) during adolescence and young adulthood significantly increased the likelihood that an individual would use AAS as an adult.

• #176 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #177 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Prolonged anabolic steroid abuse has numerous deleterious effects ranging from cystic acne to reproductive system irregularities and halted development resulting from premature epiphyseal, or growth plate fusion. […] Aside from people who are prescribed these substances for medical reasons, anabolics are abused by people looking to change their physical health, performance, and/or appearance. […] People who use and abuse anabolic steroids do so for their effects related to improved physical performance and muscle growth. […] However, with these intended improvements in strength and performance can come many unwanted short-term effects of steroid use, which include: Acne, Mood swings, Fatigue, Restlessness/ agitation, Decreased appetite, Trouble sleeping, Decreased sperm count, Impotence.

• #178 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #179 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #180 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #181 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #182 Anabolic Steroid Misuse | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/anabolic-steroid-misuse

  Your doctor may ask questions about your fitness activities and what kinds of dietary supplements and other substances you use. […] Treatment for misuse of anabolic steroids has not been studied much. Doctors most often advise: […] Treatment in a program that includes medicines for withdrawal symptoms and other health problems. […] Family and social support. […] Individual or family counseling.

• #183 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #184 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #185 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #186 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #187 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #188 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #189

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=4438922&Journal_ID=1444159&Issue_ID=4438532

  In the addiction treatment field, when we refer to „steroid use,” we are referring to those compounds known as anabolic steroids-those whose primary use is to cause skeletal muscle hyperplasia or enhancement and that are therefore sought after for the main purposes of muscle growth and physical performance. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids for weight lifters and bodybuilders has been identified since 1954, and their use has expanded to many professional sports. […] The treatment goal for patients using anabolic steroids is abstinence. Physical withdrawal symptoms, if any, are not life threatening and do not ordinarily require pharmacotherapy. Should musculoskeletal pain or headaches occur, the use of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may be indicated. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for the development of anabolic steroid-induced mood disorders or anabolic steroid-induced psychotic disorder. […] Obviously, in light of the current environment of experimentation, impulsiveness, and the need for immediate gratification among the emerging young adult population, there needs to be more emphasis on education and research into the consequences of anabolic steroid use.

• #190 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Many people who misuse steroids spend large amounts of time and money to obtain the drugs they use. […] When they stop taking steroids, people can experience withdrawal symptoms that can include mood swings, restlessness, loss of appetite, and craving for steroids. […] One of the most serious withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping steroid use is depression because it can sometimes lead to a suicide attempt. […] Treatment for anabolic steroid withdrawal often involves: Supportive care to manage physical symptoms, Psychoeducation to help people understand the effects of steroid use, Evaluation for depression and suicidal thoughts. […] If withdrawal symptoms become severe or prolonged, people are given medications to treat the specific withdrawal symptoms. […] If you or a loved one are struggling with substance use or addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline for information on support and treatment facilities in your area.

• #191 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #192 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Some people need rehab because they cant fight the psychological compulsion to take steroids on their own. The withdrawal symptoms of steroids can cause people to relapse. […] Anabolic steroid abuse should be treated like any other drug problem. Despite the fact that steroids do not cause a stereotypical euphoric high, they still have the potential to lead to dependency resulting in possible steroid withdrawal symptoms. Inpatient and outpatient treatment centers can help those addicted to steroids beat their addiction and build a healthier, natural lifestyle. […] Treating a steroid addiction may involve supervised detox, comfort medication, and behavioral therapy. Medical professionals can monitor those addicted to steroids for depression and suicidal behavior during detox. […] Mental health counseling helps recovering addicts cope with mood swings during withdrawal. Through continued therapy, users relearn how to function without steroids. Its important to get treatment from a counselor and a physician with experience treating steroid addiction. These professionals often collaborate to develop the most effective treatment plan.

• #193 Steroid Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, Effects and Treatment

  https://hopeharborwellness.com/steroid-addiction-treatment/

  Signs that someone may be addicted to steroids include: Tolerance: Needing increasingly larger amounts of steroids to achieve the same physical results. […] Treating anabolic steroid addiction requires a comprehensive approach, similar to other drug addictions, despite steroids not producing a traditional euphoric high. […] Effective steroid addiction treatment centers offer a blend of medical and therapeutic interventions to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. […] Seeking treatment for steroid addiction is a vital step towards recovery, and it’s one that doesn’t have to be taken alone. Treatment centers provide structured support, helping individuals achieve sobriety while maintaining a healthier lifestyle.

• #194 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #195 What to do if you think your partner is using anabolic steroids

  https://healthymale.org.au/partners-guides/steroid-abuse

  Steroid abuse carries significant health risks such as heart attack, liver and brain damage and infertility. […] Most steroid users experience side effects and know the risks, but would stop if they experienced a serious health problem. […] If your partner has come off steroids suddenly and has experienced depression, they should be monitored by a health professional. […] Steroid abuse can come with rough side effects and serious long-term physical health, mental health, social and financial problems that can take a long time to go away. […] Injecting steroids increases the risk of contracting blood-borne viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis B, which can be passed on to a sexual partner. […] Steroid abuse causes male infertility, which can be distressing if you’re trying to start or grow your family. […] If your partner wants to stop abusing steroids, encourage them to see a doctor and be honest to get the right support. […] A doctor-assisted detox can help with managing withdrawal symptoms.

• #196 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #197 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #198 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  In our clinic, the reasons to visit were mostly related to symptoms indicating disrupted gonadal function, such as loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, low energy, depressed mood, subfertility and gynaecomastia. […] We also check for recent use of recreational drugs, smoking and alcohol intake. […] A considerable number of (former) AAS abusers seeking help have mental problems. […] It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so important for the patient and why he is even willing to use drugs for it. […] Based on this information, we try to discriminate between high-risk and low-risk abusers. […] If the patient is cooperative, we make a diagnostic and treatment plan. […] If an AAS user wants to stop using steroids permanently, it may be helpful to withdraw from the steroid environment, such as the hard-core gym or the steroid using training partners.

• #199 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #200 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Behavioral therapists can also help treat co-occurring mental health conditions that led to steroid use. […] People with a mild to moderate steroid addiction often choose outpatient treatment because they can maintain their home life, continue going to work or school, and care for children. […] The biggest battle recovering steroid addicts face in outpatient treatment is avoiding relapse. […] Even after completing detox or inpatient rehab, former steroid users should continue seeing a counselor. Continuing therapy strengthens techniques that teach people to cope without drugs. […] Those who are prescribed treatment medications should continue taking the drugs until a doctor says its okay to stop. […] Triggers are people, places and things that a person associated with using steroids.

• #201 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #202 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #203 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #204 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #205 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #206 Anabolic Steroid Treatment and Rehab

  https://www.addictioncenter.com/stimulants/steroids/treatment/

  Inpatient rehab is one of the most effective ways to treat people heavily addicted to steroids. Its also a good option for people with a history of depression, anxiety or anger management issues. Inpatient treatment removes the steroid user from their normal environment so they can safely detox and reprogram their addictive behavior. […] Everybody in rehab is evaluated for their treatment needs. This helps addiction specialists determine how steroids have impacted the users behavior and hormonal balance. The first step is to help the user detox safely. A medically assisted detox can ease steroid withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications. […] During detox, medical professionals help the client physically stabilize while the drug is being eliminated from the body. […] Steroid users have access to therapy in detox; however, intensive therapy does not usually begin until the user has stabilized and has transitioned to either inpatient rehab or outpatient.

• #207 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #208 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #209 Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder – MD Searchlight

  https://mdsearchlight.com/medications/anabolic-steroid-use-disorder/

  Athletes who have been using AAS must stop its use immediately, even though they may experience withdrawal symptoms. […] Doctors should also consider addressing any additional mental health problems that exist alongside AAS use. Conditions like anxiety and depression could be managed with antidepressant medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy. […] If healthcare professionals think their patients might be misusing these drugs, they should be on alert. Its also important to educate patients about the potential risks if they are using these steroids for medical treatment. If misuse is identified early, the patient can be referred for treatment. This is extremely important to prevent further damage to the patient’s health.

• #210 Anabolic Steroid Addiction & Abuse | North Jersey Recovery Center

  https://northjerseyrecovery.com/anabolic-steroid-addiction-and-abuse/

  Many facilities like ours with North Jersey Recovery Center, would, depending on the case, prescribe antidepressants like SSRIs or clomipramine to treat the depression associated with steroid withdrawal. Antidepressants can also help treat the muscle dysmorphia that is all too common in steroid users. Alternatively, anti-inflammatory medication could suffice, as some withdrawal symptoms for users include muscle and joint pain, which is incredibly uncomfortable. An assortment of doctors will prescribe non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory medication to treat these symptoms. […] North Jersey Recovery Center understands the stigmas that accompany many of these illicit substances, steroids included. We implore our patients to not succumb to what others are pushing with the harm of illicit drug use. For anyone dealing with anabolic steroid addiction and abuse, contact us today to learn more about how we can help.

• #211 Anabolic Steroids: Effects, Risks, and Long-Term Impact

  https://recovered.org/stimulants/anabolic-steroids

  Anabolic steroids, also known as 'roids’ or 'juice,’ are commonly-used drugs with serious potential side effects. […] Steroid abuse can lead to severe long-term effects, such as infertility, liver damage, heart disease, and psychological changes like aggression and mood swings. […] Steroid addiction is possible, with withdrawal symptoms including depression and fatigue. Treatment options include medical therapy and behavioral support. […] There are no medical or therapeutic benefits to the high doses required to achieve these effects, and the risks of negative consequences are significant. […] Help is available for anyone worried about their abuse of steroids, although many people who use the drugs regularly do not report wanting to stop. […] Medicinal treatment of steroid abuse, especially if that use lasts longer than a year, can include clomiphene. This helps to increase blood levels of important hormones, including testosterone, and can help to normalize hormone levels and reduce withdrawal effects. […] For people unwilling to stop taking steroids, it is possible to use prescription testosterone to replace illegal drugs in the short term. Usage can then be reduced to safer levels.

• #212 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #213 Anabolic steroids | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/steroids

  Anabolic steroids are often referred to as a performance and image enhancing drug. Their use includes increasing sporting performance and outcomes. […] People who misuse anabolic steroids may include athletes, bodybuilders and people who feel they need to look muscular to feel good about themselves. […] The misuse of anabolic steroids can cause long-term side effects. These can include cardiovascular complications, liver disease, reproductive organ damage and severe mood swings. […] Support is available for anabolic steroid users who want to change their dependence on these drugs. […] Anabolic steroids are also misused. People who illegally use anabolic steroids often do so to increase lean muscle mass, reduce fat and speed up recovery from injury. […] Anabolic steroids can produce many unpleasant and often permanent side effects, including: damage to the gonads (testicles or ovaries), liver disease, malfunctions of the kidneys, liver or heart, 'roid rage’, which is characterised by uncontrollable outbursts of psychotic aggression, paranoia and mood swings, including deep depression. […] Treatment options for drug dependence or addiction may include: detoxification, individual counselling, group therapy. […] Peer support or talking to someone who has been in the same situation can also be helpful.

• #214 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #215

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #216 Steroid Misuse – Greenhouse Treatment Center

  https://greenhousetreatment.com/steroids/

  The misuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids can lead to several significant health issues, including:2,4,5 […] Unlike the more commonly thought of substances of abuse, steroids do not have a reinforcing, euphoric high associated with their use. However, as Schedule III drugs, the anabolic-androgenic steroids have known abuse liability. […] Though the evidence supporting physical dependence on steroids may not be as clear cut as it is in association with other drugs of abuse, a syndrome of physical withdrawal has been described in scientific literature. […] Individuals may experience headaches, depression, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, reduced sex drive, and cravings for more steroids. […] People who compulsively use steroids commonly will not seek treatment. […] The American Society for Addiction Medicine supports a multi-pronged approach to managing steroid use disorders. […] Treatment for steroid use disorders may take place in a variety of treatment settings.

• #217 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #218 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #219 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  Swedish guidelines for diagnosing and treating AAS abuse include advice around psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, counselling group therapy and motivational interviewing. […] It may be necessary to identify and address such disorders through counselling or psychotherapies as part of AAS treatment to reduce likelihood of re-initiation. […] However, even where uptake of service is high, substantial numbers of AAS users do not access these services. […] Recommendations for general practitioners who identify AAS use in a patient include strongly encouraging cessation and management of withdrawal symptoms in those that do discontinue, as well as information on injecting practices, promoting alternatives to AAS and informing about long-term health harms for those who continue to use. […] Continued encouragement and monitoring of psychiatric and physiological complications is recommended for those who are not prepared to consider discontinuation.

• #220 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #221 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #222 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #223

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #224 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #225 CE Activity | Anabolic Steroid Use Disorder | Nurses

  https://www.statpearls.com/nurse/ce/activity/100259

  Androgen use has become a major public health concern due to the transition of use of androgens from strictly sports to a much wider spectrum of the population. […] The potential side effects of anabolic steroid abuse are significant, and health care providers should be aware of patients at risk of anabolic-androgenic steroid misuse. […] This activity describes the evaluation and management of anabolic steroid use disorder and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition. […] Outline the treatment and management options available for patients exhibiting signs of anabolic steroid misuse disorder. […] Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients presenting with anabolic steroid misuse disorder.

• #226 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #227 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #228 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #229 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #230 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #231 Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review | Harm Reduction Journal | Full Text

  https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1

  A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. […] Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. […] This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. […] Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. […] Supporting discontinuation may require a multidisciplinary approach with input from health professionals such as a GP, addiction specialist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

• #232 Full recovery may be possible among men who use steroids for muscle growth | Endocrine Society

  https://www.endocrine.org/news-and-advocacy/news-room/2023/endo-2023-press-jayasena

  There may be hope for full recovery among men who wish to stop using anabolic-androgenic steroids for muscle growth, according to data being presented on Saturday at ENDO 2023, the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in Chicago, Ill. […] Anabolic steroids are used as performance-enhancing drugs by professional and amateur athletes, and by other men to improve appearance. […] It is important to recognize that self-medicating post-cycle therapy is not recommended and may be hazardous if illicitly obtained. […] Our data suggest that self-administered post-cycle therapy drugs may be associated with improved reproductive hormone levels in men stopping anabolic steroid use. […] We need further studies to help doctors and other health care professionals advise men about the risks of anabolic steroid use and support those who are motivated to stop, Jayasena said.

• #233 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #234 Anabolic Steroids and Sports: Winning at any Cost

  https://www.health.ny.gov/publications/1210/

  Anabolic steroids, commonly called „roids,” juice, hype or pump, are powerful prescription drugs. They are controlled substances that people abuse in high doses to boost their athletic performance. […] Anabolic steroids help build muscle tissue and increase body mass by acting like the body’s natural male hormone, testosterone. However, steroids cannot improve an athlete’s agility or skill. […] Properly used, anabolic steroids can aid in the treatment of blood disorders, connective tissue disease, some cancers, intractable arthritis, some sexual dysfunctions and other serious illnesses. But, because of their potentially serious side effects, they must be prescribed and used only under close medical supervision. […] The abuse of anabolic steroids by high school, college and other amateur athletes is a dangerous practice. Participants in amateur sports must be made aware of the physical and emotional dangers associated with steroid abuse. The „win at any cost” attitude embraced by some athletes must be redirected and replaced by personal dedication to the sport; a thorough knowledge of the sport’s physical demands and requirements; maintenance of a healthy lifestyle; and, an appreciation of the satisfaction that comes from participation.

• #235 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #236 Anabolic Steroids: Mental Health Effects, Use, and Misuse

  https://www.verywellmind.com/steroids-abuse-faq-69354

  Because the dangers of anabolic steroid misuse are so great and because there does exist a potential for some people to develop addictive-like behavior related to steroid use, efforts should be concentrated on preventing the use in the first place, especially among young student-athletes. […] The ATLAS program is designed to show high school football players that they can build powerful bodies and improve their athletic performance without using dangerous anabolic steroids. […] The ATHENA program was patterned after and similar to the ATLAS program but designed for girls who participate in high school sports programs.

• #237 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #238 Effects of Steroids | Short & Long-Term Effects of Steroid Use

  https://drugabuse.com/stimulants/steroids/effects-use/

  Since anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone, they will influence many of the characteristics of gender in the person abusing the substances. […] In the long-term, anabolic steroid abuse can cause: Anger and aggression (roid rage), Paranoia, Delusions, Heart attack, Stroke, Kidney failure, Tumors in the liver, Blood-borne diseases from injection use. […] Steroid use may lead to dependency. […] When use of the drugs is stopped, you may be left with a strong feeling that you need to take steroids again. […] In these cases, withdrawal treatment may be necessary. Withdrawal from steroids should be monitored by medical professionals to help eliminate side effects or reduce their impact. […] Seeking treatment from medical and mental health professionals can help to ensure safety during withdrawal and avoid negative consequences. […] Fortunately, treating steroid abuse, steroid addiction, and dependence on anabolic steroids is manageable and safe in the short term. […] If you or a loved one is struggling with steroid misuse, help is available and recovery is possible.

• #239 A nursing perspective on the misuse of anabolic steroids | Nursing Times

  https://www.nursingtimes.net/public-health/a-nursing-perspective-on-the-misuse-of-anabolic-steroids-23-03-2004/

  Anabolic steroids have been in the news recently after British tennis player Greg Rusedski was cleared by the Association of Tennis Professionals of knowingly taking a banned substance following a positive test for the steroid nandrolone. […] Despite a ban by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and irrespective of educational and preventive measures, the use of anabolic steroids has become increasingly prevalent in the athletic community. […] Anabolic steroids can cause premature skeletal maturation and accelerated puberty changes resulting in a premature halt in growth. […] It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about anabolic steroid abuse and to be able to identify the users and populations that are most exposed to these drugs. This knowledge will allow nurses to inform users of the detrimental side-effects and potential long-term health risks associated with steroid abuse.

• #240 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #241 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS use affects many body systems. […] Since AAS abusers may engage in risky injection behaviors, HCPs should screen them regularly for blood-borne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C and treat them accordingly. […] AAS cannot cause users to feel high; however, these substances can be addictive, and users can become dependent on them. […] If a person abruptly stops using AAS, they can experience withdrawal effects, including fatigue, restlessness, loss of appetite, sleep problems, decreased sex drive, AAS cravings, mood swings, and depression, which can last for up to a year and lead to suicide in some cases. […] The most effective way to decrease AAS abuse is through education, which is considered the first line of defense to protect clean athletes in sports. […] The ATLAS program is designed to reduce or eliminate the use of AAS, alcohol, illicit drugs, and supplements while promoting healthy dietary and exercise practices.

• #242 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

• #243

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #244 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #245

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #246 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  This is not true. Taking anabolic steroids is dangerous. […] There is no evidence that these methods reduce the side effects from taking anabolic steroids. […] Taking anabolic steroids can lead to physical and mental changes in both men and women. […] Men and women who take anabolic steroids can develop medical conditions, some of which can be fatal. […] Misusing anabolic steroids can cause mental or emotional effects, including: […] Anabolic steroids speed up bone growth. […] Your local needle exchange scheme can help reduce the risks that come with sharing injecting equipment. […] Anabolic steroids are addictive. […] A person who is addicted to anabolic steroids will want to keep using them despite having unpleasant side effects. […] Stopping anabolic steroids suddenly can result in withdrawal symptoms that include:

• #247 Substance use and misuse: Anabolic steroids : CPPE

  https://www.cppe.ac.uk/programmes/l/Substance-L-01/

  This e-lecture complements the CPPE learning available about substance misuse by covering the misuse of anabolic steroids and how needle and syringe programmes can support this group. […] By the end of this e-lecture you will be able to: […] describe the use of anabolic steroids and their side effects […] evaluate the harm reduction advice you would give to anabolic steroid users.

• #248 Anabolic Steroids: Use and Misuse Nursing CE Course | NursingCE

  https://www.nursingce.com/ceu-courses/anabolic-steroids-use-and-misuse-nursing-ce-course

  AAS production, sale, or possession (without a valid prescription) is illegal in the US. […] Many professional athletic organizations, including the International Olympic Committee (IOC), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and professional sports leagues (e.g., Major League Baseball [MLB], National Football League [NFL], National Hockey League [NHL], National Basketball Association [NBA]), have banned the use of AAS. […] AAS abuse is typically discovered based on a urine or blood sample. […] AAS use is not just a problem among adults. Teenagers have also reported using AAS, which can be even more detrimental to their still-developing bodies. […] It is thought that this decrease in adolescent AAS use is due to the decrease in sporting events and the closure of gyms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• #249 Anabolic steroid misuse

  https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/anabolic-steroid-misuse/

  Anabolic steroids are prescription-only medicines. […] They are sometimes taken without medical advice to increase muscle mass and improve athletic performance. […] If anabolic steroids are used in this way, they can cause serious side effects and addiction. […] Your GP will help you to get treatment for addiction. […] Your GP may refer you to a drugs counsellor. They’ll discuss your addiction and help you safely stop taking anabolic steroids. […] Anabolic steroids have limited medical uses. […] Anabolic steroids are only legally available when prescribed by a doctor. […] It is illegal to sell them or supply them. […] Most sport organisations ban and test for anabolic steroid use. […] Anabolic steroids can be used as performance-enhancing drugs. […] People may also misuse these drugs for other reasons.

• #250

  https://smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/4225

  CONCLUSION: With this first quality assurance study, we demonstrate that integration of current best clinical practice for anabolic androgenic steroids users in recreational sports appears to be feasible with high acceptance in a Swiss primary care practice. […] Anabolic androgenic steroids users likely benefit from integrated medical care provided and coordinated in a primary health care setting. […] Importantly, current doping legislation was demonstrated to be a major limitation to provision of adequate medical care for this user population, thus changes in legislation are crucial to avert this growing public health threat.

• #251 Anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in young males in: Endocrine Connections Volume 9 Issue 4 (2020)

  https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/9/4/EC-19-0557.xml

  AAS abuse has been called a hidden epidemic. […] It is a challenge to manage the patient who uses AAS. […] The results of these studies should be used to educate doctors on how to prevent and recognize these side effects, to treat patients without prejudice and to convince politicians that adequate measures should be taken to confine androgen abuse.

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