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• #1 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374082

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may experience symptoms for only a few months, while others have symptoms for many years. […] The most common signs and symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are: Pain. While your child might not complain of joint pain, you may notice that he or she limps especially first thing in the morning or after a nap. […] Joint swelling is common but is often first noticed in larger joints such as the knee. […] You might notice that your child appears clumsier than usual, particularly in the morning or after naps. […] In some cases, high fever, swollen lymph nodes or a rash on the trunk may occur which is usually worse in the evenings. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can affect one joint or many.

• #2 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10370-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis affecting children. It can cause symptoms like pain, stiffness and vision issues. Early intervention can help manage JIA and prevent joint damage. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis symptoms vary depending on the type and may include: Eye redness, eye pain and blurred vision, Fatigue or irritability, Fever, Limping, Morning joint stiffness, Pain, swelling or warmth in your child’s joints, Skin rash, Swollen lymph nodes, Weight loss or poor growth. […] Left untreated, JIA can lead to: Chronic (long-term) arthritis and loss of function, Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis), Interference with your child’s bones and growth, Permanent joint damage, Vision issues, including uveitis (inflammation inside the eye) and uveitis-related vision loss.

• #3

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-possible-complications-of-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common type of arthritis in children 16 years or younger. It is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in one or more joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. […] The prognosis for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis is generally good, but disease progression and complications can occur. The progression and complications of JIA vary depending on the type, severity of symptoms, and other factors. […] Many children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis experience periods of worsening symptoms (flares) followed by periods where symptoms improve or disappear (remissions). Flares may be related to an illness or infection or may not have an identifiable cause.

• #4 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation. JIA is a subset of childhood arthritis, but unlike other, more transient forms of childhood arthritis, JIA persists for at least six weeks, and in some children is a lifelong condition. The key clinical feature in JIA is persistent swelling of the affected joints. Any joint can be affected, but large joints such as the knee and ankle are most commonly involved. Joint pain is an important symptom, although some children experience minimal or no pain with their arthritis. Morning stiffness that improves later in the day is a common feature. Swelling and pain usually result in limited movement of the affected joints. In some JIA subtypes, more non-specific symptoms of being unwell may be present, such as lethargy, fatigue and poor appetite. Children with systemic JIA usually present with fever and a classic rash and may become quite ill. Late effects of arthritis can include joint contractures due to joint damage; limb length discrepancies and muscle wasting. JIA is a chronic disorder, which if neglected, can lead to serious complications. However, with regular follow-up and modern treatments, complications have reduced and outcomes improved. If inflammation is not treated, it can damage the joint, the cartilage and the bone. Children with JIA may have a reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems. Uveitis, if left untreated, can result in scarring, glaucoma, cataracts, and even blindness. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with the systemic subtype of JIA. The cause of JIA remains unknown. However, the disorder is autoimmune meaning that the body’s own immune system starts to attack and destroy cells and tissues for no apparent reason. The diagnosis of JIA can be difficult, in part because joint pain in children is so common and may be from many causes other than JIA. The characteristic feature of arthritis is joint swelling which is sometimes but not always associated with pain. The presence of joint stiffness is another typical feature, particularly when present in the morning and improving with activity. Recent therapeutic advances in the management of JIA have made inactive disease and clinical remission achievable goals for the majority of children with access to modern treatments.

• #5 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis in kids and teens. It typically causes joint pain and inflammation in the hands, knees, ankles, elbows and/or wrists. But, it may affect other body parts too. The most common symptoms include: Joint pain or stiffness; may get worse after waking up or staying in one position too long. Red, swollen, tender or warm joints. Feeling very tired or rundown (fatigue). Blurry vision or dry, gritty eyes. Rash. Appetite loss. High fever. JIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months. If JIA inflammation goes unchecked, it can damage the lining that covers the ends of bones in a joint (cartilage), and the bones themselves. Controlling inflammation and managing disease can prevent damage and complications from these health effects. There is no cure for JIA but remission (little or no disease activity or symptoms) is possible. Early aggressive treatment is key to getting the disease under control as quickly as possible.

• #6 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10370-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis affecting children. It can cause symptoms like pain, stiffness and vision issues. Early intervention can help manage JIA and prevent joint damage. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis symptoms vary depending on the type and may include: Eye redness, eye pain and blurred vision, Fatigue or irritability, Fever, Limping, Morning joint stiffness, Pain, swelling or warmth in your child’s joints, Skin rash, Swollen lymph nodes, Weight loss or poor growth. […] Left untreated, JIA can lead to: Chronic (long-term) arthritis and loss of function, Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis), Interference with your child’s bones and growth, Permanent joint damage, Vision issues, including uveitis (inflammation inside the eye) and uveitis-related vision loss.

• #7 Juvenile Arthritis Treatment & Diagnosis | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/juvenile-arthritis

  Symptoms can vary depending upon the type of JIA and can include joint pain, swelling, warmth, stiffness, and loss of motion. […] Symptoms of JIA vary depending on the type, but all forms share persistent joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness that are typically worse in the morning and after a nap or prolonged sitting. The pain may limit movement of the affected joint, although many children, especially younger ones, will not complain of pain. One of the earliest signs may be limping in the morning due to disease in one or both legs. […] The symptoms of JIA may go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months followed by periods when they go into remission. Some children have just one or two flares and never have symptoms again, while others have many flares or symptoms that never fully go away.

• #8 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374082

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can cause persistent joint pain, swelling and stiffness. Some children may experience symptoms for only a few months, while others have symptoms for many years. […] The most common signs and symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are: Pain. While your child might not complain of joint pain, you may notice that he or she limps especially first thing in the morning or after a nap. […] Joint swelling is common but is often first noticed in larger joints such as the knee. […] You might notice that your child appears clumsier than usual, particularly in the morning or after naps. […] In some cases, high fever, swollen lymph nodes or a rash on the trunk may occur which is usually worse in the evenings. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can affect one joint or many.

• #9 Juvenile Arthritis | Still’s Disease | JRA | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/juvenilearthritis.html

  Juvenile arthritis (JA) is arthritis that happens in children. It causes joint inflammation (swelling), pain, stiffness, and loss of motion. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee. It can affect any joint, but it is more common in the knees, hands, and feet. […] JA can affect your child’s growth and development, and in some cases, it can also affect other organs. Finding JA early and starting treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce joint damage. […] Symptoms can vary depending on the type of JA. The symptoms of most types include joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness. Your child may not complain of pain or stiffness, but one early sign of JA may be limping or clumsiness in the morning or after resting. Larger joints, such as the knee, may be swollen. […] Certain types of JA can cause a high fever, swollen lymph nodes, a rash, growth problems, or eye inflammation in some children. Symptoms can come and go. Some children have just one or two flare-ups. Others have symptoms that never go away.

• #10 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  A chronic, inflammatory disease in children that causes swelling, pain, and stiffness in joints. […] Symptoms include blurry vision, high fever, rash, growth and development problems. […] Persistent swelling, pain, tenderness, and stiffness in the joints are the most common symptoms of JIA. The knees, hands, and feet are usually the most affected, and symptoms are typically worse in the morning or after taking a nap. Swollen joints often become warm to the touch and moving affected joints may worsen the pain. This can make children reluctant to walk, or cause them to limp. […] Additional symptoms can include the following: Blurred vision (due to inflammation of the inside of the eye, a common secondary area of involvement), High fever (often 103 degrees), which comes and goes for about two weeks, and is usually highest in the afternoon and evening but returns rapidly to normal, Rash; rough, red spots on the skin; or salmon-colored patches with clear centers that appear on the trunk and upper legs and arms, Growth and development problems. These can be related to abnormal growth in the skeleton due to the inflammation or reduced physical activity due to pain.

• #11

  https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chronic/Pages/Juvenile-Idiopathic-Arthritis.aspx

  Juvenile idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic form of arthritis that affects children and teens. The symptoms of JIA may vary depending on the child’s age and the type of JIA. However, there are some symptoms that are common among all children. […] Swelling is the most common symptoms and almost always seen in joints with arthritis. The swelling is limited to just the joint (not the whole foot or arm, for example). It will not come and go over the course of the day. It persists and will slowly get worse over time. […] Stiffness is usually worst in the morning or after being inactive for a long time (such as sitting in class or long car rides). Stiffness usually improves throughout the day or with activity. In some children with arthritis, stiffness limits their ability to completely straighten or bend a joint.

• #12 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Morning stiffness is a common symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Children and adolescents with JIA often experience joint stiffness, making it challenging to move upon waking. This stiffness typically lasts at least 30 minutes and can affect their daily activities. […] Fatigue and irritability are common symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic pain, inflammation, and discomfort associated with JIA can lead to increased fatigue and mood changes in affected children and adolescents. These symptoms can impact daily functioning and should be addressed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. […] Eye inflammation, or uveitis, is a significant extra-articular symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). It can cause eye redness, pain, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Uveitis is important to monitor and treat promptly to prevent vision complications.

• #13 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  A chronic, inflammatory disease in children that causes swelling, pain, and stiffness in joints. […] Symptoms include blurry vision, high fever, rash, growth and development problems. […] Persistent swelling, pain, tenderness, and stiffness in the joints are the most common symptoms of JIA. The knees, hands, and feet are usually the most affected, and symptoms are typically worse in the morning or after taking a nap. Swollen joints often become warm to the touch and moving affected joints may worsen the pain. This can make children reluctant to walk, or cause them to limp. […] Additional symptoms can include the following: Blurred vision (due to inflammation of the inside of the eye, a common secondary area of involvement), High fever (often 103 degrees), which comes and goes for about two weeks, and is usually highest in the afternoon and evening but returns rapidly to normal, Rash; rough, red spots on the skin; or salmon-colored patches with clear centers that appear on the trunk and upper legs and arms, Growth and development problems. These can be related to abnormal growth in the skeleton due to the inflammation or reduced physical activity due to pain.

• #14 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a term used to describe a group of disorders in children that includes arthritis. They are long-term (chronic) diseases that cause joint pain and swelling. […] Symptoms of JIA may include: Swollen, red, or warm joint; Limping or problems using a limb; Sudden high fever, which may come back; Rash (on trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with fever; Stiffness, pain, and limited movement of a joint; Low back pain that does not go away; Bodywide symptoms such as pale skin, swollen lymph gland, and a sick appearance. […] JIA can also cause eye problems called uveitis, iridocyclitis, or iritis. There may be no eye symptoms. When eye symptoms occur, they can include: Red eyes; Eye pain, which may get worse when looking at light (photophobia); Vision changes.

• #15

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-uveitis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory disease of the joints that affects children under the age of 16. […] JIA is a chronic (ongoing) disease. This means that there is no cure but there is treatment. […] Fever and rashes are also common symptoms. […] Symptoms of uveitis include: redness, pain, light sensitivity, blurry vision. […] In up to half of patients, there are no obvious symptoms in the beginning. […] If a child is not diagnosed and treated early, uveitis can cause: cataract (clouding of the eyes normally clear lens), band keratopathy (whitish discoloration of the cornea), glaucoma (high pressure inside the eye that can lead to vision loss), cystoid macular edema (swelling in the middle of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye). […] Uveitis can cause many problems in the eye. If left untreated, these problems can lead to vision loss. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of uveitis can save your child’s vision. […] For 7 out of 10 patients, steroids reduce inflammation of the eye. Other patients may need to take immunosuppressive drugs.

• #16 Systemic juvenile arthritis: Symptoms, health effects, and more

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a rare subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The main symptoms of SJIA are outlined below: […] Symptoms of SJIA typically include a high fever, a transient skin rash, and joint pain, swelling, or stiffness. […] The condition may cause other health issues, such as high blood pressure and heart and lung problems, without treatment.

• #17 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Growth problems can occur as a symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic inflammation associated with JIA, especially when it affects the growth plates in bones, can lead to stunted growth in children and adolescents. This may result in a shorter stature than expected for their age. […] Some children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) experience skin rashes and fever as symptoms. These systemic symptoms often accompany the systemic-onset subtype of JIA, known as sJIA. The skin rash can manifest as a salmon-pink rash that comes and goes, and fever may spike daily. These symptoms can be distressing but can be managed with medical treatment. […] Appetite loss is a common but often overlooked symptom in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic pain, fatigue, and discomfort associated with JIA can lead to reduced appetite in affected children. Additionally, some medications used to manage the condition may affect appetite. A diminished appetite can impact a child’s growth and overall well-being.

• #18

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-uveitis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory disease of the joints that affects children under the age of 16. […] JIA is a chronic (ongoing) disease. This means that there is no cure but there is treatment. […] Fever and rashes are also common symptoms. […] Symptoms of uveitis include: redness, pain, light sensitivity, blurry vision. […] In up to half of patients, there are no obvious symptoms in the beginning. […] If a child is not diagnosed and treated early, uveitis can cause: cataract (clouding of the eyes normally clear lens), band keratopathy (whitish discoloration of the cornea), glaucoma (high pressure inside the eye that can lead to vision loss), cystoid macular edema (swelling in the middle of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye). […] Uveitis can cause many problems in the eye. If left untreated, these problems can lead to vision loss. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of uveitis can save your child’s vision. […] For 7 out of 10 patients, steroids reduce inflammation of the eye. Other patients may need to take immunosuppressive drugs.

• #19 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/806

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) describes a group of chronic paediatric inflammatory arthritides. There are several subtypes, including oligoarticular, polyarticular, and systemic onset. […] Affects 1 in 1000 children and can present at any age. […] The primary goals of treatment are to relieve immediate pain and prevent joint damage and therefore disability. […] Around 10% to 20% of children with JIA are at risk of developing anterior uveitis. All children with a diagnosis of JIA must undergo regular ophthalmological examinations to detect and manage inflammation. […] Arthritis of joints is defined by swelling or effusion, increased warmth, and/or painful limited movement with or without tenderness. […] Key diagnostic factors include joint pain, joint swelling, and fever. […] Other diagnostic factors include morning stiffness, limp, limited movement, rash, enthesitis, limb length discrepancy, uveitis, and rheumatoid nodules. […] Risk factors include female sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism, family history of autoimmunity, and antibiotic exposure in childhood.

• #20 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1007276-overview

  History findings in children with JIA may include the following: […] Arthritis present for at least 6 weeks before diagnosis (mandatory for diagnosis of JIA) […] Either insidious or abrupt disease onset, often with morning stiffness or gelling phenomenon and arthralgia during the day […] Complaints of joint pain or abnormal joint use […] History of school absences or limited ability to participate in physical education classes […] Spiking fevers occurring once or twice each day at about the same time of day […] Evanescent rash on the trunk and extremities […] Psoriasis or more subtle dermatologic manifestations. […] Physical findings are important to provide criteria for diagnosis and to detect abnormalities suggestive of alternative etiologies, as well as to indicate disease subtypes. Such findings include the following:

• #21 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) Basics: RA In Children

  https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/understanding-juvenile-rheumatoid-arthritis-basics

  Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), often referred to by doctors today as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a type of arthritis that causes joint inflammation and stiffness for more than six weeks in a child aged 16 or younger. […] Inflammation causes redness, swelling, warmth, and soreness in the joints, although many children with JRA do not complain of joint pain. Any joint can be affected, and inflammation may limit the mobility of affected joints. […] JRA may cause fever and anemia, and can also affect the heart, lungs, eyes, and nervous system. Arthritic episodes can last for several weeks and may recur, although the symptoms tend to be less severe during later recurrent attacks. […] Doctors classify three kinds of JRA, based on the number of joints involved, the symptoms, and the presence of certain antibodies (special proteins made by the immune system) in the blood. These classifications help describe how the disease will progress.

• #22

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/arthritis/

  Most types of childhood arthritis are known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). […] JIA causes pain and inflammation in 1 or more joints for at least 6 weeks. […] Oligo-articular JIA is the most common type of JIA. It affects up to 4 joints in the body, most commonly in the knees, ankles and wrists. […] Oligo-articular JIA often goes away without causing long-term joint damage. […] Polyarticular JIA, or polyarthritis, is the second most common type of JIA and affects 5 or more joints. […] The symptoms of polyarticular JIA are similar to the symptoms of adult rheumatoid arthritis. […] Systemic onset JIA begins with symptoms such as a fever, rash, a lack of energy and enlarged glands. Later on, joints can become swollen and inflamed. […] Enthesitis-related arthritis is a type of juvenile arthritis that often affects the joints of the leg and spine, causing inflammation where the tendons attach to the bone.

• #23 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Joint Inflammation in Children

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/rheumatoid-arthritis-leaflet/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  In very young children, it may be harder to know they have joint pain. They may cry more than usual or wake up crying. They may have delayed crawling or walking, or may become less mobile than they were before. […] The symptoms are slightly different depending on the type of JIA: Oligoarticular JIA usually presents in children under 6 years old and is more common in girls. It often starts with one or two swollen joints causing stiffness and reduced movement but often not much pain. […] Systemic JIA usually starts before the age of 5 years. A high fever often occurs, most often in the afternoon or evening, with a rapid return of the temperature to normal. The fever comes daily for at least 2 weeks. […] Juvenile psoriatic arthritis affects girls twice as often as boys and tends to start at about 6 years of age. The arthritis affects both small and large joints. […] Enthesitis-related JIA affects boys much more often than girls and usually starts after 10 years of age. It often affects the legs and may cause pain in the heel. There is often swelling of a knee or foot.

• #24 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Joint Inflammation in Children

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/rheumatoid-arthritis-leaflet/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  In very young children, it may be harder to know they have joint pain. They may cry more than usual or wake up crying. They may have delayed crawling or walking, or may become less mobile than they were before. […] The symptoms are slightly different depending on the type of JIA: Oligoarticular JIA usually presents in children under 6 years old and is more common in girls. It often starts with one or two swollen joints causing stiffness and reduced movement but often not much pain. […] Systemic JIA usually starts before the age of 5 years. A high fever often occurs, most often in the afternoon or evening, with a rapid return of the temperature to normal. The fever comes daily for at least 2 weeks. […] Juvenile psoriatic arthritis affects girls twice as often as boys and tends to start at about 6 years of age. The arthritis affects both small and large joints. […] Enthesitis-related JIA affects boys much more often than girls and usually starts after 10 years of age. It often affects the legs and may cause pain in the heel. There is often swelling of a knee or foot.

• #25

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/childhood-arthritis

  This is the most common and mildest form of CA. Children are classified as having oligoarticular-persistent JA if no more than four joints are involved beyond six months after the diagnosis of CA. […] Although oligoarticular-persistent JA may involve flares (when symptoms worsen) and remissions (when symptoms decrease or disappear), with the right treatment there is rarely permanent damage to the joints. […] Children are classified as having oligoarticular-extended JA if four or fewer joints are involved within the first six months after the initial diagnosis, but the child develops arthritis in five or more different joints at any time during the course of the disease. […] Children with polyarticular-RF negative JA have five or more joints involved within the first six months of diagnosis, but they do not test positive for rheumatoid factor (RF).

• #26 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptoms | CreakyJoints

  https://creakyjoints.org.au/education/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms/

  Symptoms vary according to the type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis a child has. […] Children with oligoarticular juvenile arthritis most commonly have a single large joint (typically the knee) that is affected. Joint pain, stiffness and tenderness are worse in the morning. The primary complication of the disease is inflammation of the iris of the eye, called iritis, which if left untreated my cause glaucoma and vision loss. […] Involvement of five or more joints in the first six months of disease is indicative of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Small joints (such as the hands and feet) tend to be involved. Children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis may also develop a low-grade fever as well as bumps or nodules in areas of the body that receive pressure from sitting or leaning.

• #27 Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/polyarticular-jia.html

  Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). JIA is a group of disorders that causes arthritis (stiff, swollen, painful joints) in children. […] Children with polyarticular (pol-ee-ar-TIK-yuh-lur) juvenile idiopathic arthritis (polyarticular JIA) have arthritis in five or more joints during the first 6 months of illness. […] The symptoms can go away for a time (called remission). In some kids, the condition goes away permanently. […] Children with polyarticular arthritis may start out with arthritis in only one or two joints, and then increase to more than five. Or they may get arthritis in many joints all at once. […] Other problems that can happen include: anemia (low red blood cell count), an enlarged liver, spleen, or lymph nodes, joint damage, inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs.

• #28 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-signs-and-symptoms/

  Polyarticular JIA is a type of arthritis that affects five or more joints during the first six months after diagnosis, per KidsHealth.org. […] Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) isn’t common: It affects about 10 to 15 percent of all people with JIA. […] Symptoms of SJIA include: Arthritis in the joints, causing swelling, heat, and pain; Rashes, typically along with fever; Swollen lymph nodes or an enlarged liver or spleen; Inflammation in the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis); Fevers that occur daily, but don’t last a while. […] This condition can also be known as juvenile spondylarthropathy, and it affects the joints of the lower body (such as the knees, hips, and ankles) as well as the spine and lower back. […] Symptoms of juvenile ERA include: Joint pain in the knees, hips, ankles, and lower back; Joint damage; Eye inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease.

• #29 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-signs-and-symptoms/

  Polyarticular JIA is a type of arthritis that affects five or more joints during the first six months after diagnosis, per KidsHealth.org. […] Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) isn’t common: It affects about 10 to 15 percent of all people with JIA. […] Symptoms of SJIA include: Arthritis in the joints, causing swelling, heat, and pain; Rashes, typically along with fever; Swollen lymph nodes or an enlarged liver or spleen; Inflammation in the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis); Fevers that occur daily, but don’t last a while. […] This condition can also be known as juvenile spondylarthropathy, and it affects the joints of the lower body (such as the knees, hips, and ankles) as well as the spine and lower back. […] Symptoms of juvenile ERA include: Joint pain in the knees, hips, ankles, and lower back; Joint damage; Eye inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease.

• #30

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/childhood-arthritis

  Children with polyarticular-RF positive JA have five or more joints involved within the first six months of diagnosis and test positive for a blood protein called rheumatoid factor (RF). […] This form of CA affects the body in a general way (frequent fevers) and can affect not only the child’s joints and skin, but also the internal organs. […] Children with enthesitis-related arthritis have inflammation both in their joints (arthritis) and in the spots where tendons attach or insert to bones (entheses). […] This type of CA is when arthritis accompanied by psoriasis, a skin disease that appears as a scaly red rash. […] CA may begin after an event that turns on the body’s immune system, such as an ordinary infection or injury. […] Inflammation from CA affects the growth of a child, meaning the growth patterns of arthritic joints may change.

• #31 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptoms | CreakyJoints

  https://creakyjoints.org.au/education/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms/

  Symptoms vary according to the type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis a child has. […] Children with oligoarticular juvenile arthritis most commonly have a single large joint (typically the knee) that is affected. Joint pain, stiffness and tenderness are worse in the morning. The primary complication of the disease is inflammation of the iris of the eye, called iritis, which if left untreated my cause glaucoma and vision loss. […] Involvement of five or more joints in the first six months of disease is indicative of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Small joints (such as the hands and feet) tend to be involved. Children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis may also develop a low-grade fever as well as bumps or nodules in areas of the body that receive pressure from sitting or leaning.

• #32 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a rare subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis that causes body-wide inflammation. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis in kids and teens. About 10% to 20% of children with JIA have a rare and serious subtype called systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). […] SJIA is more severe and can be more challenging to diagnose and treat than other types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is a lifelong disease for many patients and can continue into adulthood. […] Having systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) affects different areas of the body and internal organs. At highest risk are kids whose symptoms aren’t well controlled over time. […] The most serious potential complication of SJIA is a condition called macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

• #33 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #34 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/systemic-jia.html

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). JIA is a group of disorders that causes arthritis (stiff, swollen, painful joints) in children. […] Children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (systemic JIA) have periods of arthritis along with a fever and rash. They also may have swollen glands and problems with the heart, lungs, and blood. […] The symptoms can go away for a time (called remission). In some kids, the condition goes away permanently. […] Children with systemic JIA have: arthritis in one or more joints (usually the wrists, knees, and ankles) for more than 6 weeks, high fevers that usually come and go for more than 2 weeks, a rash. […] They may also have: anemia (low red blood cell count), an enlarged liver, spleen, or lymph nodes, joint damage, inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs.

• #35 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | HSS Pediatrics

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis.asp

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), also known as systemic-onset JIA (SoJIA) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease, accounting for only 10% to 15% of children who have juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). […] Children with sJIA have fevers, rashes and arthritis. These symptoms may occur all at once or spread out over several days or weeks: […] Arthritis symptoms can include swelling, warmth and pain in the joints, as well as stiffness and difficulty walking. […] Fevers typically occur once daily around the same time every day. This can make the disease hard to diagnose, as children may look very ill when they have the fever, but then normal once the fever goes away. […] The rash associated with sJIA is flat and pink in color, and it may be visible only when the fever is present. Sometimes, pressing on or lightly scratching the skin may cause the rash to appear. […] Other symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes and inflammation of internal organs such as the liver, spleen, the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or lung (pleurisy). Some children with sJIA go on to develop serious lung disease that leads to difficulty breathing.

• #36 Systemic-onset JIA | Causes, symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/systemic-onset-jia/

  Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis affects children and young people. In this form of arthritis, joint pain is part of a general illness involving fever, tiredness, rash, loss of appetite and weight loss. […] The long-term development of this form of JIA can be difficult to predict but usually the fever and rash will settle, although the arthritis may sometimes continue for several years before settling.

• #37 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #38 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Joint Inflammation in Children

  https://patient.info/bones-joints-muscles/rheumatoid-arthritis-leaflet/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  In very young children, it may be harder to know they have joint pain. They may cry more than usual or wake up crying. They may have delayed crawling or walking, or may become less mobile than they were before. […] The symptoms are slightly different depending on the type of JIA: Oligoarticular JIA usually presents in children under 6 years old and is more common in girls. It often starts with one or two swollen joints causing stiffness and reduced movement but often not much pain. […] Systemic JIA usually starts before the age of 5 years. A high fever often occurs, most often in the afternoon or evening, with a rapid return of the temperature to normal. The fever comes daily for at least 2 weeks. […] Juvenile psoriatic arthritis affects girls twice as often as boys and tends to start at about 6 years of age. The arthritis affects both small and large joints. […] Enthesitis-related JIA affects boys much more often than girls and usually starts after 10 years of age. It often affects the legs and may cause pain in the heel. There is often swelling of a knee or foot.

• #39

  https://arthritis.ca/about-arthritis/arthritis-types-(a-z)/types/childhood-arthritis

  Children with polyarticular-RF positive JA have five or more joints involved within the first six months of diagnosis and test positive for a blood protein called rheumatoid factor (RF). […] This form of CA affects the body in a general way (frequent fevers) and can affect not only the child’s joints and skin, but also the internal organs. […] Children with enthesitis-related arthritis have inflammation both in their joints (arthritis) and in the spots where tendons attach or insert to bones (entheses). […] This type of CA is when arthritis accompanied by psoriasis, a skin disease that appears as a scaly red rash. […] CA may begin after an event that turns on the body’s immune system, such as an ordinary infection or injury. […] Inflammation from CA affects the growth of a child, meaning the growth patterns of arthritic joints may change.

• #40 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-signs-and-symptoms/

  Polyarticular JIA is a type of arthritis that affects five or more joints during the first six months after diagnosis, per KidsHealth.org. […] Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) isn’t common: It affects about 10 to 15 percent of all people with JIA. […] Symptoms of SJIA include: Arthritis in the joints, causing swelling, heat, and pain; Rashes, typically along with fever; Swollen lymph nodes or an enlarged liver or spleen; Inflammation in the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis); Fevers that occur daily, but don’t last a while. […] This condition can also be known as juvenile spondylarthropathy, and it affects the joints of the lower body (such as the knees, hips, and ankles) as well as the spine and lower back. […] Symptoms of juvenile ERA include: Joint pain in the knees, hips, ankles, and lower back; Joint damage; Eye inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease.

• #41 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Signs and Symptoms

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-signs-and-symptoms/

  Psoriatic arthritis in children is a form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis that comes with joint inflammation along with skin and nail issues. […] Symptoms, which can include some or many of the following, can be mild to severe: Large and small joint swelling; Inflammation where the tendons and ligaments attach to bone; Swelling of an entire finger or toe; Arthritis of the lower back or spine; Arthritis of the spine; Eye inflammation; Morning stiffness; Back pain or stiffness; Pitting or peeling of the nails; Red nail beds or cuticles. […] Depending on the type of JIA, Kimura says that other symptoms of undifferentiated juvenile idiopathic arthritis can include: Eye inflammation; Difficulty straightening the affected leg, arm, or involved joint; Limping; A change in gait; Gradual changes to the jaw (temporomandibular) joint, resulting in changes in the jaw’s shape and size and the ability to open the mouth; High fevers and rash.

• #42 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptoms | CreakyJoints

  https://creakyjoints.org.au/education/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms/

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is characterized by swelling, pain, and warmth in one or more joints along with daily spiking fevers, often greater than 102 degrees F, for at least two weeks. Additional symptoms may include a salmon-colored intermittent rash; enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen; and inflammation of the lungs or the pericardium (the sack surrounding the heart). While there is no specific blood test to detect the disease, children will typically have anemia (low red blood cell count) and an elevation of white blood cell and platelet counts, and changes in the general markers of inflammation. […] The main symptom of enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis is inflammation at the point where the tendon is inserted on the bone, typically in the lower back, sacroiliac joints, and joints of the legs, ankles, and feet. Children with a particular genetic marker (HLA-B27) may also develop iritis (inflammation of the iris of the eye), inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, and/or ankylosing spondylitis (inflammation of the pelvic joints).

• #43 Juvenile Arthritis Treatment & Diagnosis | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/juvenile-arthritis

  Symptoms can vary depending upon the type of JIA and can include joint pain, swelling, warmth, stiffness, and loss of motion. […] Symptoms of JIA vary depending on the type, but all forms share persistent joint pain, swelling, warmth, and stiffness that are typically worse in the morning and after a nap or prolonged sitting. The pain may limit movement of the affected joint, although many children, especially younger ones, will not complain of pain. One of the earliest signs may be limping in the morning due to disease in one or both legs. […] The symptoms of JIA may go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months followed by periods when they go into remission. Some children have just one or two flares and never have symptoms again, while others have many flares or symptoms that never fully go away.

• #44 Juvenile Arthritis – Types and Treatments – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/juvenile-arthritis/

  Juvenile arthritis, or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a long-lasting, chronic disease. It is the most common form of arthritis in children. In the United States, it affects nearly 300,000 children under the age of 18. […] In some cases, symptoms of juvenile arthritis are mild and do not progress to more severe joint disease and deformities. However, untreated juvenile arthritis can produce serious joint and tissue damage. It can also cause problems with bone development and growth. […] For a long time, it was believed that many children eventually outgrow juvenile arthritis. Now it is known that most children diagnosed with juvenile arthritis will continue to have active arthritis 10 years after diagnosis unless they receive aggressive treatment. […] Juvenile arthritis affects each child differently and can last for indefinite periods of time: There may be times when symptoms improve or disappear (remissions). There are other times when symptoms worsen (flare-ups). Sometimes, a child may have one or two flare-ups and never have symptoms again. Other children may have frequent flare-ups and symptoms that never go away.

• #45 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374082

  Like other forms of arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis is characterized by times when symptoms flare up and times when symptoms may be minimal. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can interfere with your child’s growth and bone development. Some medications used for treatment, mainly corticosteroids, also can inhibit growth.

• #46

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw104391

  Children can have one or many symptoms, and although the symptoms come and go, they are long-lasting. […] Symptoms include: Joint pain, Joint swelling, Joint stiffness, Trouble sleeping, Problems walking. […] In some cases, these symptoms can be mild and hard for you to see. A young child may be more cranky than normal. Or a child may go back to crawling after he or she has started walking. Your child’s joints may feel stiff in the morning. Or your child may have trouble walking. […] Systemic JIA can cause fever spikes and a rash. […] The course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is unpredictable, especially during the first few years after a child is diagnosed. JIA can be mild, causing few problems. It can get worse or disappear without clear reason. Over time, the pattern of symptoms becomes more predictable. Most children have good and bad days.

• #47 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/

  JIA can have different effects on your body, though your symptoms may vary from day to day. […] Flare-ups of JIA (where symptoms get worse) can happen after infections, periods of stress, changes in medication. […] Your joints may feel stiffer after resting, for example first thing in the morning. […] JIA probably won’t affect puberty, but sometimes arthritis or some medications (for example steroids) can make the changes of puberty happen later. […] JIA probably wont affect your growth, but sometimes having severe arthritis and/or being on steroid tablets can slow growth. If active arthritis is left untreated in a joint, the growth of that joint can be affected. Its important to get control of the arthritis before that happens. […] If you have JIA, you are at a slightly higher risk of getting an eye condition called uveitis.

• #48 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis flare-ups | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-flare-ups

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. When JIA is active or symptoms worsen, its known as a flare or flare-up. Flare-ups may last days or weeks and can develop after an infection, or without any warning or apparent trigger. Flare-ups can be treated and managed. […] Symptoms of a flare-up include swollen, warm or painful joints, increased stiffness lasting for more than a few minutes, particularly in the morning or after sitting for a long time, increased difficulty functioning and performing tasks (e.g. walking with a limp), increased tiredness, fever and rashes (some types of JIA), and pain and redness in eyes, difficulty looking at bright lights. […] Its important to treat flare-ups as soon as they occur to alleviate pain and prevent lasting joint damage. […] See your GP if your child has common symptoms, including fevers or swollen joints, problems with their medication, or a flare-up for more than 5 days.

• #49 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #50 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis flare-ups | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-flare-ups

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. When JIA is active or symptoms worsen, its known as a flare or flare-up. Flare-ups may last days or weeks and can develop after an infection, or without any warning or apparent trigger. Flare-ups can be treated and managed. […] Symptoms of a flare-up include swollen, warm or painful joints, increased stiffness lasting for more than a few minutes, particularly in the morning or after sitting for a long time, increased difficulty functioning and performing tasks (e.g. walking with a limp), increased tiredness, fever and rashes (some types of JIA), and pain and redness in eyes, difficulty looking at bright lights. […] Its important to treat flare-ups as soon as they occur to alleviate pain and prevent lasting joint damage. […] See your GP if your child has common symptoms, including fevers or swollen joints, problems with their medication, or a flare-up for more than 5 days.

• #51 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis in kids and teens. It typically causes joint pain and inflammation in the hands, knees, ankles, elbows and/or wrists. But, it may affect other body parts too. The most common symptoms include: Joint pain or stiffness; may get worse after waking up or staying in one position too long. Red, swollen, tender or warm joints. Feeling very tired or rundown (fatigue). Blurry vision or dry, gritty eyes. Rash. Appetite loss. High fever. JIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months. If JIA inflammation goes unchecked, it can damage the lining that covers the ends of bones in a joint (cartilage), and the bones themselves. Controlling inflammation and managing disease can prevent damage and complications from these health effects. There is no cure for JIA but remission (little or no disease activity or symptoms) is possible. Early aggressive treatment is key to getting the disease under control as quickly as possible.

• #52 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis flare-ups | Children’s Health Queensland

  https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/health-a-to-z/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-flare-ups

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a form of arthritis in children. When JIA is active or symptoms worsen, its known as a flare or flare-up. Flare-ups may last days or weeks and can develop after an infection, or without any warning or apparent trigger. Flare-ups can be treated and managed. […] Symptoms of a flare-up include swollen, warm or painful joints, increased stiffness lasting for more than a few minutes, particularly in the morning or after sitting for a long time, increased difficulty functioning and performing tasks (e.g. walking with a limp), increased tiredness, fever and rashes (some types of JIA), and pain and redness in eyes, difficulty looking at bright lights. […] Its important to treat flare-ups as soon as they occur to alleviate pain and prevent lasting joint damage. […] See your GP if your child has common symptoms, including fevers or swollen joints, problems with their medication, or a flare-up for more than 5 days.

• #53 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Most children with JIA go through periods where their symptoms improve or go away altogether, and times when they return and worsen. […] The overall prognosis is overwhelmingly good for most children with JIA, Dr. Ferguson says. And thats because of the medicines. In the last 20 years, we have found more medications that focus well on the inflammatory parts of the immune system. […] With treatment, 50 to 70 percent of children with JIA go into remission. If caught and treated early, most children live normal, active lives. Its not always perfect because the disease can sometimes be tough to control, but we have a lot of treatment options and opportunities to move from one treatment to another. Our goal is to get the child feeling well and moving well, Dr. Ferguson adds.

• #54

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-possible-complications-of-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  In some cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis experience permanent remission symptoms disappear and do not return. […] In other cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis gradually develop more severe symptoms that spread to other joints. Arthritis and joint problems may persist into adulthood. […] Untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis can lead to complications involving the joints and other parts of the body. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to help prevent both the progression and complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

• #55 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  According to the SJIA diagnostic criteria developed by the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR), a diagnosis of SJIA requires a high fever for at least two weeks and arthritis (joint pain and inflammation) in one or more joints for at least six weeks. […] There is no cure for SJIA but remission (little or no disease activity or symptoms) is possible. Early aggressive treatment is key to getting the disease under control as quickly as possible. […] The standard approach to treating SJIA is to start with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and move up to stronger drugs over time, if necessary. […] Once systemic symptoms of SJIA have disappeared, nonbiologic, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) may be used alone or in combination with biologics for continued therapy for arthritis.

• #56

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-possible-complications-of-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  In some cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis experience permanent remission symptoms disappear and do not return. […] In other cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis gradually develop more severe symptoms that spread to other joints. Arthritis and joint problems may persist into adulthood. […] Untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis can lead to complications involving the joints and other parts of the body. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to help prevent both the progression and complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

• #57 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20374082

  Like other forms of arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis is characterized by times when symptoms flare up and times when symptoms may be minimal. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can interfere with your child’s growth and bone development. Some medications used for treatment, mainly corticosteroids, also can inhibit growth.

• #58 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10370-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis affecting children. It can cause symptoms like pain, stiffness and vision issues. Early intervention can help manage JIA and prevent joint damage. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis symptoms vary depending on the type and may include: Eye redness, eye pain and blurred vision, Fatigue or irritability, Fever, Limping, Morning joint stiffness, Pain, swelling or warmth in your child’s joints, Skin rash, Swollen lymph nodes, Weight loss or poor growth. […] Left untreated, JIA can lead to: Chronic (long-term) arthritis and loss of function, Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the heart (pericarditis) or lungs (pleuritis), Interference with your child’s bones and growth, Permanent joint damage, Vision issues, including uveitis (inflammation inside the eye) and uveitis-related vision loss.

• #59 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #60 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) – Children’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/rheumatologic-disorders-in-children/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  Systemic JIA causes fever and inflammation at sites other than the joints. […] Children with systemic JIA typically develop a high fever and rash that frequently appear before joint pain and swelling. The fever occurs every day and is usually highest in the afternoon or evening (often 102.2 F [39 C] or higher). The fever may come and go for weeks. A child with fever may feel tired and irritable. […] Any form of JIA can interfere with physical growth. […] Joints may become deformed if JIA is not treated. Even with treatment, long-standing (chronic) joint inflammation can eventually cause deformities of or permanent damage to the affected joints. […] Approximately 50% of children have symptom-free periods (remissions) within 5 years of treatment. […] With early treatment, most children are able to lead active, normal lives. […] Children who have rheumatoid factor-positive polyarticular JIA have a less favorable prognosis.

• #61 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation. JIA is a subset of childhood arthritis, but unlike other, more transient forms of childhood arthritis, JIA persists for at least six weeks, and in some children is a lifelong condition. The key clinical feature in JIA is persistent swelling of the affected joints. Any joint can be affected, but large joints such as the knee and ankle are most commonly involved. Joint pain is an important symptom, although some children experience minimal or no pain with their arthritis. Morning stiffness that improves later in the day is a common feature. Swelling and pain usually result in limited movement of the affected joints. In some JIA subtypes, more non-specific symptoms of being unwell may be present, such as lethargy, fatigue and poor appetite. Children with systemic JIA usually present with fever and a classic rash and may become quite ill. Late effects of arthritis can include joint contractures due to joint damage; limb length discrepancies and muscle wasting. JIA is a chronic disorder, which if neglected, can lead to serious complications. However, with regular follow-up and modern treatments, complications have reduced and outcomes improved. If inflammation is not treated, it can damage the joint, the cartilage and the bone. Children with JIA may have a reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems. Uveitis, if left untreated, can result in scarring, glaucoma, cataracts, and even blindness. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with the systemic subtype of JIA. The cause of JIA remains unknown. However, the disorder is autoimmune meaning that the body’s own immune system starts to attack and destroy cells and tissues for no apparent reason. The diagnosis of JIA can be difficult, in part because joint pain in children is so common and may be from many causes other than JIA. The characteristic feature of arthritis is joint swelling which is sometimes but not always associated with pain. The presence of joint stiffness is another typical feature, particularly when present in the morning and improving with activity. Recent therapeutic advances in the management of JIA have made inactive disease and clinical remission achievable goals for the majority of children with access to modern treatments.

• #62 The Most Common Symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-symptoms

  Loss of appetite, either due to fatigue and pain or other symptoms, is also common in young children with JIA. […] Persistent arthritis at a young age can damage joints. Depending on the joints involved in the type of JIA a child is living with, bones near those inflamed joints may grow more quickly than they’re naturally supposed to, causing limbs to be uneven. […] Severe juvenile arthritis can also slow overall growth. However, when the inflammation is controlled, growth issues typically improve. […] Common eye issues related to JIA are blurry vision or dry, gritty feeling eyes. […] Certain types of JIA, such as oligoarthritis, can result in inflammatory eye issues like uveitis and iritis. […] If juvenile idiopathic arthritis is left unchecked and untreated, it can cause severe symptoms, including difficulty chewing or brushing teeth, digestive issues, inflammation of the cervical spine, bone and cartilage damage, osteoporosis, lung disease, damage to the heart, vision problems, and late onset puberty.

• #63 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms, treatments

  https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/

  JIA can have different effects on your body, though your symptoms may vary from day to day. […] Flare-ups of JIA (where symptoms get worse) can happen after infections, periods of stress, changes in medication. […] Your joints may feel stiffer after resting, for example first thing in the morning. […] JIA probably won’t affect puberty, but sometimes arthritis or some medications (for example steroids) can make the changes of puberty happen later. […] JIA probably wont affect your growth, but sometimes having severe arthritis and/or being on steroid tablets can slow growth. If active arthritis is left untreated in a joint, the growth of that joint can be affected. Its important to get control of the arthritis before that happens. […] If you have JIA, you are at a slightly higher risk of getting an eye condition called uveitis.

• #64 The Most Common Symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

  https://www.healthline.com/health/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-symptoms

  Loss of appetite, either due to fatigue and pain or other symptoms, is also common in young children with JIA. […] Persistent arthritis at a young age can damage joints. Depending on the joints involved in the type of JIA a child is living with, bones near those inflamed joints may grow more quickly than they’re naturally supposed to, causing limbs to be uneven. […] Severe juvenile arthritis can also slow overall growth. However, when the inflammation is controlled, growth issues typically improve. […] Common eye issues related to JIA are blurry vision or dry, gritty feeling eyes. […] Certain types of JIA, such as oligoarthritis, can result in inflammatory eye issues like uveitis and iritis. […] If juvenile idiopathic arthritis is left unchecked and untreated, it can cause severe symptoms, including difficulty chewing or brushing teeth, digestive issues, inflammation of the cervical spine, bone and cartilage damage, osteoporosis, lung disease, damage to the heart, vision problems, and late onset puberty.

• #65 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) Symptoms

  https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/understanding-juvenile-rheumatoid-arthritis-symptoms

  Some children with JRA may have growth problems. Depending on the severity of the disease and the joints involved, growth in affected joints and adjacent bones may be too fast or too slow. That may make one leg or arm longer than the other. A child’s height may be affected and their overall growth could be slower than normal. Abnormalities of the jaw are also known to occur.

• #66 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #67 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Growth problems can occur as a symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic inflammation associated with JIA, especially when it affects the growth plates in bones, can lead to stunted growth in children and adolescents. This may result in a shorter stature than expected for their age. […] Some children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) experience skin rashes and fever as symptoms. These systemic symptoms often accompany the systemic-onset subtype of JIA, known as sJIA. The skin rash can manifest as a salmon-pink rash that comes and goes, and fever may spike daily. These symptoms can be distressing but can be managed with medical treatment. […] Appetite loss is a common but often overlooked symptom in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic pain, fatigue, and discomfort associated with JIA can lead to reduced appetite in affected children. Additionally, some medications used to manage the condition may affect appetite. A diminished appetite can impact a child’s growth and overall well-being.

• #68

  https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-uveitis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory disease of the joints that affects children under the age of 16. […] JIA is a chronic (ongoing) disease. This means that there is no cure but there is treatment. […] Fever and rashes are also common symptoms. […] Symptoms of uveitis include: redness, pain, light sensitivity, blurry vision. […] In up to half of patients, there are no obvious symptoms in the beginning. […] If a child is not diagnosed and treated early, uveitis can cause: cataract (clouding of the eyes normally clear lens), band keratopathy (whitish discoloration of the cornea), glaucoma (high pressure inside the eye that can lead to vision loss), cystoid macular edema (swelling in the middle of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye). […] Uveitis can cause many problems in the eye. If left untreated, these problems can lead to vision loss. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of uveitis can save your child’s vision. […] For 7 out of 10 patients, steroids reduce inflammation of the eye. Other patients may need to take immunosuppressive drugs.

• #69 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation. JIA is a subset of childhood arthritis, but unlike other, more transient forms of childhood arthritis, JIA persists for at least six weeks, and in some children is a lifelong condition. The key clinical feature in JIA is persistent swelling of the affected joints. Any joint can be affected, but large joints such as the knee and ankle are most commonly involved. Joint pain is an important symptom, although some children experience minimal or no pain with their arthritis. Morning stiffness that improves later in the day is a common feature. Swelling and pain usually result in limited movement of the affected joints. In some JIA subtypes, more non-specific symptoms of being unwell may be present, such as lethargy, fatigue and poor appetite. Children with systemic JIA usually present with fever and a classic rash and may become quite ill. Late effects of arthritis can include joint contractures due to joint damage; limb length discrepancies and muscle wasting. JIA is a chronic disorder, which if neglected, can lead to serious complications. However, with regular follow-up and modern treatments, complications have reduced and outcomes improved. If inflammation is not treated, it can damage the joint, the cartilage and the bone. Children with JIA may have a reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems. Uveitis, if left untreated, can result in scarring, glaucoma, cataracts, and even blindness. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with the systemic subtype of JIA. The cause of JIA remains unknown. However, the disorder is autoimmune meaning that the body’s own immune system starts to attack and destroy cells and tissues for no apparent reason. The diagnosis of JIA can be difficult, in part because joint pain in children is so common and may be from many causes other than JIA. The characteristic feature of arthritis is joint swelling which is sometimes but not always associated with pain. The presence of joint stiffness is another typical feature, particularly when present in the morning and improving with activity. Recent therapeutic advances in the management of JIA have made inactive disease and clinical remission achievable goals for the majority of children with access to modern treatments.

• #70 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/806

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) describes a group of chronic paediatric inflammatory arthritides. There are several subtypes, including oligoarticular, polyarticular, and systemic onset. […] Affects 1 in 1000 children and can present at any age. […] The primary goals of treatment are to relieve immediate pain and prevent joint damage and therefore disability. […] Around 10% to 20% of children with JIA are at risk of developing anterior uveitis. All children with a diagnosis of JIA must undergo regular ophthalmological examinations to detect and manage inflammation. […] Arthritis of joints is defined by swelling or effusion, increased warmth, and/or painful limited movement with or without tenderness. […] Key diagnostic factors include joint pain, joint swelling, and fever. […] Other diagnostic factors include morning stiffness, limp, limited movement, rash, enthesitis, limb length discrepancy, uveitis, and rheumatoid nodules. […] Risk factors include female sex, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism, family history of autoimmunity, and antibiotic exposure in childhood.

• #71 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Morning stiffness is a common symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Children and adolescents with JIA often experience joint stiffness, making it challenging to move upon waking. This stiffness typically lasts at least 30 minutes and can affect their daily activities. […] Fatigue and irritability are common symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The chronic pain, inflammation, and discomfort associated with JIA can lead to increased fatigue and mood changes in affected children and adolescents. These symptoms can impact daily functioning and should be addressed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. […] Eye inflammation, or uveitis, is a significant extra-articular symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). It can cause eye redness, pain, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Uveitis is important to monitor and treat promptly to prevent vision complications.

• #72 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a rare subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis that causes body-wide inflammation. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common type of arthritis in kids and teens. About 10% to 20% of children with JIA have a rare and serious subtype called systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). […] SJIA is more severe and can be more challenging to diagnose and treat than other types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is a lifelong disease for many patients and can continue into adulthood. […] Having systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) affects different areas of the body and internal organs. At highest risk are kids whose symptoms aren’t well controlled over time. […] The most serious potential complication of SJIA is a condition called macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).

• #73 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Arthritis Foundation

  https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Doctors have seen more cases of lung diseases, such as pulmonary artery hypertension and interstitial lung disease, in children with SJIA. […] Persistent inflammation can slowly damage the joints, leading to reduced range of motion, loss of function, and sometimes the need for joint replacement early in life. […] Long-lasting inflammation of the joint lining can also interfere with normal growth and bone development, causing one arm or leg to be longer than the other and slowing or stunting overall growth. […] A high, recurring fever, often with a rash, is one of the first signs of SJIA. […] Arthritis is the second most common early sign of SJIA. […] SJIA symptoms may also come and go. Periods of lots of inflammation and worsening symptoms are called flares. A flare can last for days or months.

• #74 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554605/

  The most common complications of JIA are leg-length discrepancy and joint contracture. An extremely fearsome complication is macrophage activation syndrome, due to the uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The frequency of this syndrome in patients with JIA is unknown, but some studies report that it occurs in up to 10% of cases.

• #75 Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | HSS Pediatrics

  https://www.hss.edu/conditions_systemic-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis.asp

  Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), also known as systemic-onset JIA (SoJIA) is a rare auto-inflammatory disease, accounting for only 10% to 15% of children who have juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). […] Children with sJIA have fevers, rashes and arthritis. These symptoms may occur all at once or spread out over several days or weeks: […] Arthritis symptoms can include swelling, warmth and pain in the joints, as well as stiffness and difficulty walking. […] Fevers typically occur once daily around the same time every day. This can make the disease hard to diagnose, as children may look very ill when they have the fever, but then normal once the fever goes away. […] The rash associated with sJIA is flat and pink in color, and it may be visible only when the fever is present. Sometimes, pressing on or lightly scratching the skin may cause the rash to appear. […] Other symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes and inflammation of internal organs such as the liver, spleen, the lining of the heart (pericarditis) or lung (pleurisy). Some children with sJIA go on to develop serious lung disease that leads to difficulty breathing.

• #76 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554605/

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of idiopathic inflammatory arthritis affecting children younger than 16 and lasting 6 weeks or longer. […] The disease course of JIA is highly unpredictable: in some patients is observed a self-limiting disease while in others, there is an unremitting disease with a high risk of joint destruction. […] The thorough history taking, including the age of onset, the affected joints, the duration of arthritis, the associated symptoms or diseases, and physical and MSK examinations are essential for diagnosis and classification of JIA. A diagnosis of JIA is considered in any children younger than 16 years with arthritis for at least six weeks and exclusion of other causes of chronic arthritis. […] The prognosis of JIA has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the availability of novel drugs, which can inhibit the biological mechanisms responsible for persistent inflammation selectively. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent joint damage and preserve joint functionality. Some studies support the possibility of the existence of a window of opportunity in early disease, during which prompt treatment induces higher rates of remission and improves long-term outcomes.

• #77 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Most children with JIA go through periods where their symptoms improve or go away altogether, and times when they return and worsen. […] The overall prognosis is overwhelmingly good for most children with JIA, Dr. Ferguson says. And thats because of the medicines. In the last 20 years, we have found more medications that focus well on the inflammatory parts of the immune system. […] With treatment, 50 to 70 percent of children with JIA go into remission. If caught and treated early, most children live normal, active lives. Its not always perfect because the disease can sometimes be tough to control, but we have a lot of treatment options and opportunities to move from one treatment to another. Our goal is to get the child feeling well and moving well, Dr. Ferguson adds.

• #78 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1007276-overview

  Arthritis: Defined either as intra-articular swelling on examination or as limitation of joint motion in association with pain, warmth, or erythema of the joint; physical findings in JIA reflect the extent of joint involvement […] Synovitis: Characterized by synovial proliferation and increased joint volume; the joint is held in a position of maximum comfort, and range of motion often is limited only at the extremes. […] Early hip or wrist involvement, symmetrical disease, the presence of RF, and prolonged active systemic disease have been associated with poor long-term outcomes. […] Children with systemic-onset disease tend to either respond completely to medical therapy or develop a severe polyarticular course that tends to be refractory to medical treatment, with disease persisting into adulthood. […] Most children with oligoarticular disease demonstrate eventual permanent remission, although a small number progress to persisting polyarticular disease.

• #79

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw104391

  Some children who have JIA will have long-term problems. These problems range from occasional stiffness and limits on physical activity to the need for surgery such as joint replacement. But for most adults who had JIA as children, any long-term problems tend to be mild and don’t affect their overall quality of life. […] A child’s long-term outlook depends on the type of JIA and any complications he or she has. Treatment also affects the child’s long-term outlook. Starting treatment early may help lower the chance of long-term problems.

• #80 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | PM&R KnowledgeNow

  https://now.aapmr.org/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/

  As children grow into adulthood, previous studies have noted the presence of severe disability in as many as 42.9% of patients; however, more recent publications have noted significantly lower rates of severe disability (3-8.9%) with the highest disability rating in RF+ polyarticular disease. […] Currently, the best predictor of long standing high disability ratings depends on level of disability at initial presentation. […] While modern understanding is improving identification and treatment for JIA patients, there are still concerns for long term complications, including mental health concerns. […] Standardized mortality ratios are higher in both male and female patients with JIA when compared to the general population. […] JIA patients with symptomatic pain are at higher risk of developing Chronic Amplified Pain Syndrome.

• #81

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/pages/conditions.aspx?Hwid=hw104391

  Some children who have JIA will have long-term problems. These problems range from occasional stiffness and limits on physical activity to the need for surgery such as joint replacement. But for most adults who had JIA as children, any long-term problems tend to be mild and don’t affect their overall quality of life. […] A child’s long-term outlook depends on the type of JIA and any complications he or she has. Treatment also affects the child’s long-term outlook. Starting treatment early may help lower the chance of long-term problems.

• #82 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Cause, Types & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/j/jia

  Approximately half of the patients with JIA will still have active disease after 10 years. We also know that the disease may come back in adulthood or persist into adulthood, especially in those patients who have developed the disease during late school age or adolescent years. It is thought that about 30-50% of children with JIA will continue to have active arthritis in adulthood.

• #83 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  Most children with JIA go through periods where their symptoms improve or go away altogether, and times when they return and worsen. […] The overall prognosis is overwhelmingly good for most children with JIA, Dr. Ferguson says. And thats because of the medicines. In the last 20 years, we have found more medications that focus well on the inflammatory parts of the immune system. […] With treatment, 50 to 70 percent of children with JIA go into remission. If caught and treated early, most children live normal, active lives. Its not always perfect because the disease can sometimes be tough to control, but we have a lot of treatment options and opportunities to move from one treatment to another. Our goal is to get the child feeling well and moving well, Dr. Ferguson adds.

• #84 Juvenile Arthritis Symptoms and Management

  https://agapefamilyhealth.org/juvenile-arthritis-symptoms-and-management/

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) causes ongoing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. […] JIA can cause persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, with symptoms ranging from a few months to many years. […] Untreated JIA can lead to serious complications like growth problems, joint damage, and eye inflammation. […] Symptoms of JIA include swollen, red, or warm joints; rash; stiffness; low back pain; and bodywide symptoms like pale skin and swollen lymph nodes. […] JIA often causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, especially in the morning. […] Some kids with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis have symptoms for just a few months, while others have ongoing issues. […] Early diagnosis and treatment help control inflammation, ease pain, prevent joint damage, and keep the child functional. […] Without strong treatment, most kids with juvenile arthritis will still have active arthritis 10 years later. […] According to National Institutes of Health (NIH), about half of JIA patients will still have active disease after 10 years. 30-50% of kids with JIA may still have arthritis as adults.

• #85 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) – Children’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/rheumatologic-disorders-in-children/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  Systemic JIA causes fever and inflammation at sites other than the joints. […] Children with systemic JIA typically develop a high fever and rash that frequently appear before joint pain and swelling. The fever occurs every day and is usually highest in the afternoon or evening (often 102.2 F [39 C] or higher). The fever may come and go for weeks. A child with fever may feel tired and irritable. […] Any form of JIA can interfere with physical growth. […] Joints may become deformed if JIA is not treated. Even with treatment, long-standing (chronic) joint inflammation can eventually cause deformities of or permanent damage to the affected joints. […] Approximately 50% of children have symptom-free periods (remissions) within 5 years of treatment. […] With early treatment, most children are able to lead active, normal lives. […] Children who have rheumatoid factor-positive polyarticular JIA have a less favorable prognosis.

• #86 Juvenile Arthritis Symptoms and Management

  https://agapefamilyhealth.org/juvenile-arthritis-symptoms-and-management/

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) causes ongoing pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. […] JIA can cause persistent joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, with symptoms ranging from a few months to many years. […] Untreated JIA can lead to serious complications like growth problems, joint damage, and eye inflammation. […] Symptoms of JIA include swollen, red, or warm joints; rash; stiffness; low back pain; and bodywide symptoms like pale skin and swollen lymph nodes. […] JIA often causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness, especially in the morning. […] Some kids with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis have symptoms for just a few months, while others have ongoing issues. […] Early diagnosis and treatment help control inflammation, ease pain, prevent joint damage, and keep the child functional. […] Without strong treatment, most kids with juvenile arthritis will still have active arthritis 10 years later. […] According to National Institutes of Health (NIH), about half of JIA patients will still have active disease after 10 years. 30-50% of kids with JIA may still have arthritis as adults.

• #87 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting children and adolescents. It causes joint inflammation, pain, and stiffness, often leading to impaired mobility. […] Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) significantly impacts daily life for affected children. It can cause persistent swelling, joint pain, and stiffness, hindering their ability to perform typical activities like playing, attending school, and socializing. […] Symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis vary based on several factors and underlying issues. Mentioned below are some common symptoms. […] Joint pain and swelling are hallmark symptoms of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Affected joints become painful and tender and may appear swollen due to inflammation. This can result in reduced mobility and discomfort for children and adolescents dealing with this chronic autoimmune condition.

• #88 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Symptoms and treatments – Arthritis Broadcast Network

  https://arthritisbroadcastnetwork.org/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-symptoms-and-treatments/

  The most common complaints of children at the time they develop JIA are joint pain, joint swelling or joint stiffness. […] Other warning signs that may be present at the onset of disease include: Change in ability to keep up with normal activities, such as participate in sports or school because of physical joint pain. […] In JIA, joints can become stiff, painful, and swollen. […] Treatments that target the underlying problem include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). […] DMARDs work to slow or halt the inflammation and disease progression that can cause devastating joint damage and disability. […] Many children have an excellent response to one, or a combination, of these medications. […] Exercise can help maintain joint health keeping them mobile and rest can help with recovery and adaptation. […] If symptoms are well controlled, very little is off limits. […] However, movements that involve certain joints with arthritis can make them less suitable.

• #89 Get Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Treatment | Cleveland Clinic Children’s

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/pediatrics/services/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-treatment

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) can be so relentless that you might worry whether your child will be able to go to school, hang out with friends and play sports. They might feel exhausted all the time. Or be in constant pain. […] Untreated, it can affect your child’s growth and development. So, the sooner you start managing this chronic (lifelong) condition, the faster you can help improve your child’s mobility, vision, growth and comfort. […] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a lifelong condition, but the right treatment plan can help your child go into remission. This means their JIA isn’t active, so they’ll likely not have symptoms as often and when they do, they won’t be as bad. […] JIA can cause chronic inflammation (uveitis), pain, dryness, redness, sensitivity to light and trouble seeing. If your child is having trouble with their eyes, our ophthalmologists will step in and help with these problems. […] Sometimes, JIA can cause inflammation in the membranes surrounding your child’s heart or lungs and in other organs, like their kidneys, liver, intestines, stomach, skin and more.

• #90 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptoms | CreakyJoints

  https://creakyjoints.org.au/education/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms/

  A child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis might limp, especially after waking up in the morning or after a nap. Often some of the earliest signs of the disease are irritability, refusing to walk or protecting the affected joint. The child may walk with a limp or favor a specific joint. Younger children may not be able to perform motor activities that they recently learned. […] Joint swelling is first noticed in larger joints like the knee. A child may also appear clumsier than usual due to stiffness. Since the disease can affect multiple joints and/or the entire body, children may also have swollen lymph nodes, rashes and fever. For some, the symptoms are sometimes felt for only a few months and for others, the rest of their lives. […] The changes in symptoms can be unpredictable, where there are flare-ups and periods of time with no symptoms. Its important for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis to attend school, participate in school and family activities, and live life as normally as possible to help them deal with the physical and psychological burdens of pain. A positive outlook will help, as can interaction with other children who have arthritis.

• #91 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Symptoms and treatments – Arthritis Broadcast Network

  https://arthritisbroadcastnetwork.org/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-symptoms-and-treatments/

  The most common complaints of children at the time they develop JIA are joint pain, joint swelling or joint stiffness. […] Other warning signs that may be present at the onset of disease include: Change in ability to keep up with normal activities, such as participate in sports or school because of physical joint pain. […] In JIA, joints can become stiff, painful, and swollen. […] Treatments that target the underlying problem include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). […] DMARDs work to slow or halt the inflammation and disease progression that can cause devastating joint damage and disability. […] Many children have an excellent response to one, or a combination, of these medications. […] Exercise can help maintain joint health keeping them mobile and rest can help with recovery and adaptation. […] If symptoms are well controlled, very little is off limits. […] However, movements that involve certain joints with arthritis can make them less suitable.

• #92 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Symptoms | CreakyJoints

  https://creakyjoints.org.au/education/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis/symptoms/

  A child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis might limp, especially after waking up in the morning or after a nap. Often some of the earliest signs of the disease are irritability, refusing to walk or protecting the affected joint. The child may walk with a limp or favor a specific joint. Younger children may not be able to perform motor activities that they recently learned. […] Joint swelling is first noticed in larger joints like the knee. A child may also appear clumsier than usual due to stiffness. Since the disease can affect multiple joints and/or the entire body, children may also have swollen lymph nodes, rashes and fever. For some, the symptoms are sometimes felt for only a few months and for others, the rest of their lives. […] The changes in symptoms can be unpredictable, where there are flare-ups and periods of time with no symptoms. Its important for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis to attend school, participate in school and family activities, and live life as normally as possible to help them deal with the physical and psychological burdens of pain. A positive outlook will help, as can interaction with other children who have arthritis.

• #93 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554605/

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of idiopathic inflammatory arthritis affecting children younger than 16 and lasting 6 weeks or longer. […] The disease course of JIA is highly unpredictable: in some patients is observed a self-limiting disease while in others, there is an unremitting disease with a high risk of joint destruction. […] The thorough history taking, including the age of onset, the affected joints, the duration of arthritis, the associated symptoms or diseases, and physical and MSK examinations are essential for diagnosis and classification of JIA. A diagnosis of JIA is considered in any children younger than 16 years with arthritis for at least six weeks and exclusion of other causes of chronic arthritis. […] The prognosis of JIA has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the availability of novel drugs, which can inhibit the biological mechanisms responsible for persistent inflammation selectively. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent joint damage and preserve joint functionality. Some studies support the possibility of the existence of a window of opportunity in early disease, during which prompt treatment induces higher rates of remission and improves long-term outcomes.

• #94 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Symptoms & Treatments

  https://www.physiotattva.com/blog/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia-symptoms-treatments

  Swollen lymph nodes can be a symptom of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), particularly in the systemic-onset subtype (sJIA). In sJIA, children may experience enlarged lymph nodes as part of the systemic inflammation characteristic of this subtype. These swollen nodes are often painless and can be felt in the neck, groin, or other areas. While they are not unique to JIA, when combined with other JIA symptoms, they may raise suspicion and should be discussed with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and diagnosis. […] Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in managing Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). A thorough evaluation by a pediatric rheumatologist involves assessing symptoms, conducting physical examinations, and performing laboratory tests. Prompt diagnosis allows for the timely initiation of treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), biologics, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), to control inflammation and prevent joint damage. Physical therapy and lifestyle adjustments may also be recommended to improve the child’s quality of life. Early intervention enhances long-term outcomes and reduces potential complications.

• #95 Juvenile arthritis: Signs and understanding

  https://blog.providence.org/blog/juvenile-arthritis-signs-and-understanding

  It is especially important to diagnose a child with juvenile arthritis as early in the disease as possible, says Dr. Simmerman. […] Earlier diagnosis allows us to begin treatment that can improve symptoms, he says, but it also can help prevent side effects and complications such as vision problems, growth difficulties, joint complications of that particular disorder, and also preserve joint function. […] Dr. Muntean stresses that early intervention can particularly help prevent deformities, such as longer or shorter legs, a small jaw, hand and feet deformities, and short stature.

• #96

  https://www.painscale.com/article/progression-and-possible-complications-of-juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis-jia

  In some cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis experience permanent remission symptoms disappear and do not return. […] In other cases, children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis gradually develop more severe symptoms that spread to other joints. Arthritis and joint problems may persist into adulthood. […] Untreated juvenile idiopathic arthritis can lead to complications involving the joints and other parts of the body. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to help prevent both the progression and complications of juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

• #97 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554605/

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of idiopathic inflammatory arthritis affecting children younger than 16 and lasting 6 weeks or longer. […] The disease course of JIA is highly unpredictable: in some patients is observed a self-limiting disease while in others, there is an unremitting disease with a high risk of joint destruction. […] The thorough history taking, including the age of onset, the affected joints, the duration of arthritis, the associated symptoms or diseases, and physical and MSK examinations are essential for diagnosis and classification of JIA. A diagnosis of JIA is considered in any children younger than 16 years with arthritis for at least six weeks and exclusion of other causes of chronic arthritis. […] The prognosis of JIA has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the availability of novel drugs, which can inhibit the biological mechanisms responsible for persistent inflammation selectively. Prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent joint damage and preserve joint functionality. Some studies support the possibility of the existence of a window of opportunity in early disease, during which prompt treatment induces higher rates of remission and improves long-term outcomes.

• #98 Juvenile idiopathic arthritis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_idiopathic_arthritis

  Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. JIA is an autoimmune, noninfective, inflammatory joint disease, the cause of which remains poorly understood. It is characterised by chronic joint inflammation. JIA is a subset of childhood arthritis, but unlike other, more transient forms of childhood arthritis, JIA persists for at least six weeks, and in some children is a lifelong condition. The key clinical feature in JIA is persistent swelling of the affected joints. Any joint can be affected, but large joints such as the knee and ankle are most commonly involved. Joint pain is an important symptom, although some children experience minimal or no pain with their arthritis. Morning stiffness that improves later in the day is a common feature. Swelling and pain usually result in limited movement of the affected joints. In some JIA subtypes, more non-specific symptoms of being unwell may be present, such as lethargy, fatigue and poor appetite. Children with systemic JIA usually present with fever and a classic rash and may become quite ill. Late effects of arthritis can include joint contractures due to joint damage; limb length discrepancies and muscle wasting. JIA is a chronic disorder, which if neglected, can lead to serious complications. However, with regular follow-up and modern treatments, complications have reduced and outcomes improved. If inflammation is not treated, it can damage the joint, the cartilage and the bone. Children with JIA may have a reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems. Uveitis, if left untreated, can result in scarring, glaucoma, cataracts, and even blindness. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening complication that can occur in patients with the systemic subtype of JIA. The cause of JIA remains unknown. However, the disorder is autoimmune meaning that the body’s own immune system starts to attack and destroy cells and tissues for no apparent reason. The diagnosis of JIA can be difficult, in part because joint pain in children is so common and may be from many causes other than JIA. The characteristic feature of arthritis is joint swelling which is sometimes but not always associated with pain. The presence of joint stiffness is another typical feature, particularly when present in the morning and improving with activity. Recent therapeutic advances in the management of JIA have made inactive disease and clinical remission achievable goals for the majority of children with access to modern treatments.

• #99 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/juvenile-idiopathic-arthritis

  The long-term outlook for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis has improved dramatically in the past few decades since the introduction of newer medications (biologics). It was previously thought that children outgrow juvenile arthritis. More recent data shows that the majority of children have disease that persists into adulthood. Children with the oligoarticular form of disease (less than four 4 joints) are more likely to achieve long-term remission and discontinue all medication than children with the other types of JIA. Early recognition of disease and appropriate therapy will help to optimize functional outcomes.

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