Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Microcephaly | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a condition in which a baby’s head is much smaller than normal for an infant of that age. Microcephaly can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth, or acquired, meaning that the baby’s head was a normal size at birth but did not grow appropriately over time. […] Children born with microcephaly require frequent examinations and diagnostic testing by their doctor to monitor the development of the head as the child grows. The medical team works hard with your family to provide education and guidance to improve the health and well-being of your child. […] Most children with microcephaly should see a pediatric neurologist to help assess the underlying cause and to identify any co-existing problems such as developmental delays. Children who have delays in their motor or language skills may benefit from working with a physical therapist, occupational therapist or speech therapist.

• #2 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is often congenital meaning present at birth but can also occur later during infancy. […] While there is no specific treatment for microcephaly, early intervention (such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy) can help brain connections grow. […] Your child’s exact prognosis depends on his or her specific symptoms and circumstances. Keep in mind that head size doesn’t always predict how a child will do. […] While microcephaly cannot be cured, support and therapy can help new brain connections grow, even if the brain remains small. Even in the most severe cases, there are treatment options that can help your child feel and function better. […] There is no cure for microcephaly, since there is no way to enlarge the brain and head. Instead, the treatment focuses on managing symptoms and any related conditions. Every child with microcephaly is different, so the type of support will be guided by his or her symptoms and severity of disease.

• #3 Microcephaly in Children

  https://healthlibrary.umcno.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/Burns/90,P02610

  Microcephaly is a condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than normal. It is most often present at birth (congenital). Most children with microcephaly also have a small brain and an intellectual disability. Some children with small heads have normal intelligence. […] Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] Depending on how severe the microcephaly is, you may need different combinations of community support services to help you and your child. […] Your healthcare provider may advise genetic counseling. You can learn more about the risk for microcephaly in a future pregnancy.

• #4 Microcephaly: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305880

  Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition. In comparison with children the same age, a child with microcephaly has a smaller head and, on occasion, a smaller brain. […] The condition occurs in between 2 and 12 in every 10,000 live births each year in the United States. […] The effects of microcephaly on development can range from mild to severe, and might include: delayed development, such as learning to speak, stand, sit, or walk at a later age than other children at a similar stage; learning difficulties; movement and balance issues; a high-pitched cry; issues with feeding, such as dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing; hearing loss; reduced vision from lesions on the retina, the area at the back of the eye; distorted facial features and expressions; hyperactivity; short stature. […] No treatment or cure is currently available for microcephaly. Instead, treatment focuses on managing the condition and relieving linked health problems, such as seizures.

• #5 Microcephaly – Definitions and Key Points – The ObG Project

  https://www.obgproject.com/2016/07/19/microcephaly-beyond-zika-virus/

  Microcephaly means “small head”, and can be used interchangeably in some instances with microencephaly, “small brain” […] Microcephaly has an incidence of 2 to 12 in 10,000 births in the USA and can be diagnosed prenatally via ultrasound (in second or early third trimester) or postnatally via measurement of head circumference (HC). Microcephaly has been linked to developmental delay, seizures, as well as feeding, vision and hearing problems. Prognosis depends on the severity of the microcephaly and whether it is associated with other anomalies. […] The maximum number of hours awarded for this Continuing Nursing Education activity is 0.2 contact hours. […] Once fetal microcephaly is identified by ultrasound, fetal magnetic resonance imaging, when available and if potential findings are likely to alter pregnancy management, may be considered. […] Consider referral to a Pediatric Neurologist for review of short and long term potential outcomes for the newborn and child with microcephaly.

• #6 Microcephaly | Birth Defects | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition. There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly. Microcephaly can range from mild to severe, and treatment options can range as well. Babies with mild microcephaly often do not experience any additional problems. These babies will need regular check-ups to monitor their growth and development. […] For more severe cases, babies will need ongoing care and treatment focused on managing their health problems (mentioned above). Developmental services early in life often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities. These services, known as early intervention, can include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. Sometimes medications also are needed to treat seizures or other symptoms.

• #7 Microcephaly: Definition and Treatment Options

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2016/03/microcephaly-definition-and-treatment-options

  Microcephaly can be diagnosed in two ways either in utero or after birth. After birth, a child’s primary care provider should be measuring the child’s head circumference while monitoring development. […] Most cases of microcephaly do not have a cure. Instead, supportive measures like occupational, physical and speech therapy are often employed to assist with development. Some children require medical management for issues such as seizures. A small percentage of children will need feeding assistance with a feeding tube. […] If concerns exist for this situation, these children may require a CT scan and should be referred to a pediatric craniofacial surgeon for further evaluation and treatment.

• #8 Primary Steps for Primary Care: Microcephaly – The Arcuate – Neuroscience News

  https://www.arcuate.org/microcephaly/

  Central to a newborn examination is the tracking of growth parameters; head circumference is a key component in that evaluation. […] Microcephaly is currently poorly classified; however, one convention is to distinguish primary from secondary etiologies based on time of onset. Primary (congenital) etiologies represent microcephaly present at birth, and anything thereafter, is designated secondary. […] When the child’s growth parameters are also small, the microcephaly may be proportionate referred to as relative microcephaly a distinction that may carry a more favorable prognosis. […] Evaluation of microcephaly starts with the clinical assessment. Thorough assessment includes pre/perinatal history (fetal activity), family history (parental learning difficulties, siblings with developmental delays), exposure history (drugs, alcohol, radiation, vitamin A), parental relation (i.e., consanguinity risk), maternal health (diabetes) and physical exam. […] Referral to a neurologist is warranted for children with microcephaly and abnormal neurological examinations, developmental delays, seizures, and other signs/symptoms of underlying genetic or metabolic etiology.

• #9 Microcephaly

  https://adamcertificationdemo.adam.com/content.aspx?productid=142&pid=1&gid=003272

  Microcephaly is a condition in which a person’s head size is much smaller than that of others of the same age and sex. Head size is measured as the distance around the top of the head. A smaller than normal size is determined using standardized charts of head circumference. […] Microcephaly most often occurs because the brain does not grow at a normal rate. The growth of the skull is determined by brain growth. Brain growth takes place while a baby is in the womb and during infancy. […] Most often, microcephaly is diagnosed at birth or during routine well-baby exams. Talk to your health care provider if you think your infant’s head size is too small or not growing normally. […] Most of the time, microcephaly is discovered during a routine exam. Head measurements are part of all well-baby exams for the first 18 months. This takes only a few seconds while a measuring tape is placed around the infant’s head. […] If your provider diagnoses your child with microcephaly, you should note it in your child’s personal medical records.

• #10 Microcephaly (Small Head) and Birth Injuries | ABC Law Centers: Birth Injury Lawyers

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly is a diagnosis given to infants with a head significantly smaller than what is considered standard. A diagnosis of microcephaly in a baby can be an indication that the baby suffered hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (brain damage caused by limited oxygen at or around the time of birth), which can increase the risk of cerebral palsy, developmental delays, and other serious disabilities (1). […] Microcephaly is usually defined as a head circumference of more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for the baby’s age and gender (2). Microcephaly may be present at or near the time of birth, or it may develop in the first few years of life. Children with severe microcephaly often have reduced brain function, and may not live as long as their peers (1). Due to this, it is crucial for the medical team to prevent or quickly rectify conditions that can cause microcephaly.

• #11 Microcephaly: A clinical genetics approach – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/microcephaly-a-clinical-genetics-approach

  It can be difficult to measure OFC accurately in children with severe microcephaly without the landmark of the occiput. It is important to record measurements rather than percentiles, as head circumference charts vary, especially up to the age of three years. Use the most recent culturally and ethnically relevant charts to determine percentiles.

• #12 Microcephaly in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/microcephaly-in-children

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers, such as: […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child. […] Depending on how severe the microcephaly is, you may need different combinations of community support services to help you and your child.

• #13 Microcephaly in Children – Stanford Medicine Children’s Health

  https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=microcephaly-in-children-90-P02610

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers such as: […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen his or her self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. He or she may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about the best ways to help your child.

• #14 Microcephaly in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/m/microcephaly-in-children.html

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers, such as: […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child.

• #15 Microcephaly – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/microcephaly/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375056

  Except for surgery for craniosynostosis, there’s generally no treatment that will enlarge your child’s head or reverse complications of microcephaly. Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #16 Microcephaly: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/microcephaly

  Treatment for the complex symptoms and effects of microcephaly require a team of specialists. At Gillette, your family will work with experts in a wide range of specialties and services that might include: […] Our multidisciplinary team of experts is here to support your family, answer questions, and help your child feel their best every step of the way.

• #17 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Microcephaly | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20375035

  Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. […] Although there’s no treatment for microcephaly, early intervention with speech, occupational and other supportive therapies may help enhance a child’s development and improve quality of life. […] Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Find a team of trusted professionals. You’ll need to make important decisions about your child’s education and treatment. Create a team of health care providers, teachers, therapists and other professionals who can help you evaluate the resources in your area and explain state and federal programs for children with developmental disabilities. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #18 Microcephaly in Children

  https://healthlibrary.harrishealth.org/Conditions/Neuroscience/Children/Congenital/90,P02610

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers, such as: Pediatrician or family healthcare provider. This is a child’s primary healthcare provider. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all treatments. […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. It’s important to keep all scheduled appointments. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child. […] Let your providers know if you are having trouble caring for your child so they can help you find support systems.

• #19 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Microcephaly | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20375035

  Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. […] Although there’s no treatment for microcephaly, early intervention with speech, occupational and other supportive therapies may help enhance a child’s development and improve quality of life. […] Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Find a team of trusted professionals. You’ll need to make important decisions about your child’s education and treatment. Create a team of health care providers, teachers, therapists and other professionals who can help you evaluate the resources in your area and explain state and federal programs for children with developmental disabilities. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #20 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Children who have problems with learning, speech or motor skills may benefit from: Physical therapy to help improve strength, movement, and coordination, Occupational therapy to help build confidence performing day-to-day tasks, Speech therapy to help improve language, voice, and swallowing skills, Psychological counseling to help with self-esteem and feelings about their medical condition. […] Some children with severe microcephaly can have physical complications, such as seizures and facial deformities. These types of problems are treated separately. […] Boston Children’s Hospital has a long history of caring for children with brain and nervous system disorders. Clinicians in our Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, and Division of Genetics and Genomics are international leaders in understanding and treating rare conditions like microcephaly. […] Our care also has a research component. Physicians and scientists in our Brain Development and Genetics Clinic are working hard to understand how and why microcephaly develops, in hopes of one day introducing new therapies.

• #21 Microcephaly | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/microcephaly?content_id=CON-20375035

  Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. […] Although there’s no treatment for microcephaly, early intervention with speech, occupational and other supportive therapies may help enhance a child’s development and improve quality of life. […] Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] You’ll need to make important decisions about your child’s education and treatment. Create a team of health care providers, teachers, therapists and other professionals who can help you evaluate the resources in your area and explain state and federal programs for children with developmental disabilities.

• #22 Microcephaly | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia

  https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a condition in which a baby’s head is much smaller than normal for an infant of that age. Microcephaly can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth, or acquired, meaning that the baby’s head was a normal size at birth but did not grow appropriately over time. […] Children born with microcephaly require frequent examinations and diagnostic testing by their doctor to monitor the development of the head as the child grows. The medical team works hard with your family to provide education and guidance to improve the health and well-being of your child. […] Most children with microcephaly should see a pediatric neurologist to help assess the underlying cause and to identify any co-existing problems such as developmental delays. Children who have delays in their motor or language skills may benefit from working with a physical therapist, occupational therapist or speech therapist.

• #23 Primary Steps for Primary Care: Microcephaly – The Arcuate – Neuroscience News

  https://www.arcuate.org/microcephaly/

  Central to a newborn examination is the tracking of growth parameters; head circumference is a key component in that evaluation. […] Microcephaly is currently poorly classified; however, one convention is to distinguish primary from secondary etiologies based on time of onset. Primary (congenital) etiologies represent microcephaly present at birth, and anything thereafter, is designated secondary. […] When the child’s growth parameters are also small, the microcephaly may be proportionate referred to as relative microcephaly a distinction that may carry a more favorable prognosis. […] Evaluation of microcephaly starts with the clinical assessment. Thorough assessment includes pre/perinatal history (fetal activity), family history (parental learning difficulties, siblings with developmental delays), exposure history (drugs, alcohol, radiation, vitamin A), parental relation (i.e., consanguinity risk), maternal health (diabetes) and physical exam. […] Referral to a neurologist is warranted for children with microcephaly and abnormal neurological examinations, developmental delays, seizures, and other signs/symptoms of underlying genetic or metabolic etiology.

• #24 Practice Parameter: Evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review)

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2744281/

  Microcephaly is an important neurologic sign but there is nonuniformity in its definition and evaluation. Microcephaly may result from any insult that disturbs early brain growth and can be seen in association with hundreds of genetic syndromes. […] Neuroimaging may be considered useful in identifying structural causes in the evaluation of the child with microcephaly (Level C). Targeted and specific genetic testing may be considered in the evaluation of the child with microcephaly who has clinical or imaging abnormalities that suggest a specific diagnosis or who shows no evidence of an acquired or environmental etiology (Level C). Screening for coexistent conditions such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and sensory deficits may also be considered (Level C). […] Because children with microcephaly are at risk for developmental disability, physicians should periodically assess development and academic achievement to determine whether further testing and rehabilitative efforts are warranted (Level A).

• #25 Microcephaly: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305880

  Infants with mild microcephaly typically only require routine check-ups. However, those with a more severe form of the condition may require early childhood intervention programs to strengthen their physical and intellectual capabilities. […] These programs will often include speech, physical, and occupational therapies.

• #26 Microcephaly – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/microcephaly/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375056

  Except for surgery for craniosynostosis, there’s generally no treatment that will enlarge your child’s head or reverse complications of microcephaly. Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #27 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is often congenital meaning present at birth but can also occur later during infancy. […] While there is no specific treatment for microcephaly, early intervention (such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy) can help brain connections grow. […] Your child’s exact prognosis depends on his or her specific symptoms and circumstances. Keep in mind that head size doesn’t always predict how a child will do. […] While microcephaly cannot be cured, support and therapy can help new brain connections grow, even if the brain remains small. Even in the most severe cases, there are treatment options that can help your child feel and function better. […] There is no cure for microcephaly, since there is no way to enlarge the brain and head. Instead, the treatment focuses on managing symptoms and any related conditions. Every child with microcephaly is different, so the type of support will be guided by his or her symptoms and severity of disease.

• #28 Microcephaly in Children

  https://healthlibrary.umcno.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Pediatric/Burns/90,P02610

  Microcephaly is a condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than normal. It is most often present at birth (congenital). Most children with microcephaly also have a small brain and an intellectual disability. Some children with small heads have normal intelligence. […] Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] Depending on how severe the microcephaly is, you may need different combinations of community support services to help you and your child. […] Your healthcare provider may advise genetic counseling. You can learn more about the risk for microcephaly in a future pregnancy.

• #29 Microcephaly: Symptoms, Causes & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9843-microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a condition that causes your babys head to be smaller than expected. Supportive care and monitoring are important. […] Treatment for microcephaly focuses on managing symptoms of the condition and could include: Management of any underlying health conditions. Developmental services to help your child reach physical and learning milestones for their age. Speech, occupational and physical therapies. Educational support programs in school. Medications to treat seizures. […] Your babys healthcare provider and care team will monitor your babys development and provide services to help them. Contact your childs provider if they miss milestones for their age, like walking and saying their first words. Early intervention can help your child as they grow.

• #30 Microcephaly | Birth Defects | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition. There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly. Microcephaly can range from mild to severe, and treatment options can range as well. Babies with mild microcephaly often do not experience any additional problems. These babies will need regular check-ups to monitor their growth and development. […] For more severe cases, babies will need ongoing care and treatment focused on managing their health problems (mentioned above). Developmental services early in life often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities. These services, known as early intervention, can include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. Sometimes medications also are needed to treat seizures or other symptoms.

• #31 Microcephaly | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/microcephaly

  Treatment for microcephaly depends on your baby’s condition. […] Babies with severe microcephaly may need special care and treatment. Babies with craniosynostosis may need to have surgery to help separate the fused bones in their heads and give the skull the ability to expand as the brain grows and develops. […] If your baby has microcephaly and has developmental delays, he should see a child neurologist. This is a doctor who treats the brain, spine and nerves in children. Getting early intervention services as soon as possible can help improve your child’s development. These services can help children from birth through 3 years old learn important skills. Services include therapy to help a child talk, walk, learn self-help skills and interact with others.

• #32 Microcephaly: symptoms, diagnosis, support | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/microcephaly

  If your child has microcephaly, early intervention is the best way to support your child’s development. Early intervention includes therapies, education and other supports that will help your child reach their full potential. For example, your child might have: […] You and your child will probably work with many health and other professionals as part of your child’s early intervention. These professionals include occupational therapists, paediatricians, physiotherapists and speech pathologists. […] Working in partnership with your child’s professionals is very important. When you combine your deep knowledge of your child with the professionals expertise, you’re more likely to get the best outcomes for your child.

• #33 WHAT IS MICROCEPHALY? – CAUSES, IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTION | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/what-is-microcephaly-causes-impact-on-development-and-the-importance-of-early-detection

  Microcephaly is a neurological condition that affects infants and children, characterized by an abnormally small head size for their age and gender that negatively impacts brain development. […] Understanding these symptoms is essential in providing appropriate care and support for affected children. […] Early intervention for microcephaly is crucial in helping affected children reach their full potential. These services include therapies, instruction, and other forms of assistance that aid in children’s social, motor, and cognitive development. […] Examples of early intervention services include: Speech therapy, which can help children with microcephaly improve their communication skills. Occupational therapy that can help them develop fine motor skills. Physical therapy can help improve gross motor skills and coordination in children with microcephaly.

• #34 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Children who have problems with learning, speech or motor skills may benefit from: Physical therapy to help improve strength, movement, and coordination, Occupational therapy to help build confidence performing day-to-day tasks, Speech therapy to help improve language, voice, and swallowing skills, Psychological counseling to help with self-esteem and feelings about their medical condition. […] Some children with severe microcephaly can have physical complications, such as seizures and facial deformities. These types of problems are treated separately. […] Boston Children’s Hospital has a long history of caring for children with brain and nervous system disorders. Clinicians in our Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, and Division of Genetics and Genomics are international leaders in understanding and treating rare conditions like microcephaly. […] Our care also has a research component. Physicians and scientists in our Brain Development and Genetics Clinic are working hard to understand how and why microcephaly develops, in hopes of one day introducing new therapies.

• #35 Microcephaly

  https://www.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/microcephaly.page

  Microcephaly is a birth defect in which a babys head size is smaller than expected when compared to other babies of the same age and sex. In severe microcephaly, a babys head is much smaller when compared to other babies of the same age and sex. In babies with microcephaly, often the brain has not developed properly. […] There is no cure or standard treatment for microcephaly. Babies with microcephaly need regular check-ups with a health care provider to monitor their development and to manage any health complications. […] Babies with microcephaly qualify for the New York City Early Intervention Program. This program provides evaluations, therapy (such as physical, occupational and speech therapy, and special instruction) and support services to families with children who have disabilities or developmental delays. The program is available at no out-of-pocket cost, regardless of race, ethnicity, income or immigration status.

• #36 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is often congenital meaning present at birth but can also occur later during infancy. […] While there is no specific treatment for microcephaly, early intervention (such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy) can help brain connections grow. […] Your child’s exact prognosis depends on his or her specific symptoms and circumstances. Keep in mind that head size doesn’t always predict how a child will do. […] While microcephaly cannot be cured, support and therapy can help new brain connections grow, even if the brain remains small. Even in the most severe cases, there are treatment options that can help your child feel and function better. […] There is no cure for microcephaly, since there is no way to enlarge the brain and head. Instead, the treatment focuses on managing symptoms and any related conditions. Every child with microcephaly is different, so the type of support will be guided by his or her symptoms and severity of disease.

• #37 Microcephaly – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/microcephaly/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375056

  Except for surgery for craniosynostosis, there’s generally no treatment that will enlarge your child’s head or reverse complications of microcephaly. Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #38 Microcephaly Causes, Treatments, Prevention, and Long-Term Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/what-is-microcephaly

  Microcephaly is having a head circumference well below average. The child’s brain stops growing as it should, either while the baby is in the mother’s womb or in the first few years of life. […] There’s no cure for microcephaly, but there are treatments to help with development, behavior, and seizures. […] If your child has mild microcephaly, they’ll need regular doctor checkups to monitor how they grow and develop. […] Children who have more severe cases need lifelong treatment to control symptoms. Some, like seizures, can be life-threatening. Your doctor will discuss treatments to keep your child safe and improve their quality of life. […] Your child may need: Medicines to control seizures and hyperactivity and to improve nerve and muscle function, Speech therapy, Physical and occupational therapy.

• #39 Microcephaly – Children’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/birth-defects-of-the-brain-and-spinal-cord/microcephaly

  Microcephaly can be caused by many disorders, including genetic abnormalities, infections, and brain defects, or can sometimes run in families. […] Newborns with severe microcephaly usually have symptoms of brain damage. […] Because microcephaly can range from mild to severe, treatment options can range as well. […] Early intervention may be especially helpful. […] Microcephaly is a lifelong condition, and there is no cure or standard treatment. […] Symptoms resulting from brain damage are treated. Some disorders causing microcephaly can be treated. […] Regular check-ups and follow-ups by a care team are very important. Developmental services, known as early intervention, often help babies with microcephaly maximize their physical and intellectual abilities.

• #40 Microcephaly – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly can have many different genetic or environmental causes. Children will usually have developmental delays. They may have other neurological issues, too. Seizures are one example. […] Treatment usually includes several therapies. The therapies can help with delays. They can help with other symptoms, too. […] Various therapies may be needed. Therapies can include: Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Speech therapy, Feeding therapy. […] Some patients have seizures. In these cases, antiseizure medicine may be needed. […] Treatment usually focuses on symptoms. If the condition is severe, a child may need long-term treatment. […] Prognosis varies greatly. It depends on: Severity, Underlying cause. […] In severe cases: Lifespan may be shortened due to seizures, feeding or swallowing issues, or other problems.

• #41 Microcephaly: Definition and Treatment Options

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2016/03/microcephaly-definition-and-treatment-options

  Microcephaly can be diagnosed in two ways either in utero or after birth. After birth, a child’s primary care provider should be measuring the child’s head circumference while monitoring development. […] Most cases of microcephaly do not have a cure. Instead, supportive measures like occupational, physical and speech therapy are often employed to assist with development. Some children require medical management for issues such as seizures. A small percentage of children will need feeding assistance with a feeding tube. […] If concerns exist for this situation, these children may require a CT scan and should be referred to a pediatric craniofacial surgeon for further evaluation and treatment.

• #42 Microcephaly | March of Dimes

  https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/microcephaly

  Treatment for microcephaly depends on your baby’s condition. […] Babies with severe microcephaly may need special care and treatment. Babies with craniosynostosis may need to have surgery to help separate the fused bones in their heads and give the skull the ability to expand as the brain grows and develops. […] If your baby has microcephaly and has developmental delays, he should see a child neurologist. This is a doctor who treats the brain, spine and nerves in children. Getting early intervention services as soon as possible can help improve your child’s development. These services can help children from birth through 3 years old learn important skills. Services include therapy to help a child talk, walk, learn self-help skills and interact with others.

• #43 Microcephaly in children – Children’s Health Neurology

  https://www.childrens.com/specialties-services/conditions/microcephaly

  At Childrens Health, we treat babies with microcephaly in utero (before birth) or after birth. […] If we learn your baby has microcephaly in utero, we refer you to our Fetal Evaluation and Treatment Alliance (FETAL) Center. […] Throughout your babys life, we provide holistic, family-centered care. […] If your baby has related conditions, we offer treatment for those problems, such as: […] In most cases, microcephaly has no specific treatment. […] In some children, microcephaly happens because the skull bones close too early or fuse together. We can refer your family to our craniofacial and plastics specialists to discuss your options. […] Through Childrens Healths partnership with the research scientists at UT Southwestern, we can offer families access to highly sophisticated gene therapy and research options.

• #44 Microcephaly Birth Defect in Babies: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a very rare birth defect occurring in approximately 1 baby per every 800 to 5,000 births in the U.S. Babies who are born with microcephaly have smaller-than-average head circumferences and can potentially have lifelong disabilities. […] Microcephaly is not correctable, meaning you can’t increase a baby’s head circumference. But early intervention with speech and occupational therapy can minimize some of the associated developmental problems. The earlier it’s diagnosed, the better. Kids with microcephaly may require more frequent health care visits and counseling. […] Genetic counseling is also recommended for parents who have already had a child with the disorder to examine risk factors in later pregnancies. […] If you have a microcephalic baby, know that you are not alone. Learning to care for a child with a birth defect like microcephaly can be emotionally and physically challenging, but talking to experts or other parents who have children with the condition can be a huge help.

• #45 Microcephaly – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/microcephaly/

  Children may need help with everyday tasks as they grow up. […] Children will need help in school. Parents can request that the child be evaluated and have an IEP or individualized educational plan to assist with any learning disabilities. […] In milder cases: Children may have only mild delays. They may be able to perform everyday tasks independently. […] Microcephaly may be only one symptom of a greater genetic disorder. It may be accompanied by other symptoms of the disorder.

• #46 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Microcephaly | Swiss Medical Network

  https://www.swissmedical.net/en/healtcare-library/con-20375035

  Microcephaly can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. […] Although there’s no treatment for microcephaly, early intervention with speech, occupational and other supportive therapies may help enhance a child’s development and improve quality of life. […] Treatment focuses on ways to manage your child’s condition. Early childhood intervention programs that include speech, physical and occupational therapy may help to maximize your child’s abilities. […] Your health care provider might recommend medication for certain complications of microcephaly, such as seizures or hyperactivity. […] Find a team of trusted professionals. You’ll need to make important decisions about your child’s education and treatment. Create a team of health care providers, teachers, therapists and other professionals who can help you evaluate the resources in your area and explain state and federal programs for children with developmental disabilities. […] Your child may require care from several medical specialties, including pediatrics and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, neurology, ophthalmology, genetics, and psychology.

• #47 Microcephaly in Newborns | Causes and Symptoms | Children’s Wisconsin

  https://childrenswi.org/medical-care/neuroscience/conditions/microcephaly

  There is no treatment for microcephaly that will return the baby’s head to a normal size or shape. Since microcephaly is a life-long condition that is not correctable, management includes focusing on preventing or minimizing deformities and maximizing the child’s capabilities at home and in the community. […] Children born with microcephaly require frequent examinations and diagnostic testing by their physician to monitor the development of the head as the child grows. The medical team works hard with the child’s family to provide education and guidance to improve the health and well being of the child. […] Genetic counseling may be recommended by the physician to provide information on the recurrence risks for the disorder and any available testing.

• #48 Microcephaly Birth Defect in Babies: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a very rare birth defect occurring in approximately 1 baby per every 800 to 5,000 births in the U.S. Babies who are born with microcephaly have smaller-than-average head circumferences and can potentially have lifelong disabilities. […] Microcephaly is not correctable, meaning you can’t increase a baby’s head circumference. But early intervention with speech and occupational therapy can minimize some of the associated developmental problems. The earlier it’s diagnosed, the better. Kids with microcephaly may require more frequent health care visits and counseling. […] Genetic counseling is also recommended for parents who have already had a child with the disorder to examine risk factors in later pregnancies. […] If you have a microcephalic baby, know that you are not alone. Learning to care for a child with a birth defect like microcephaly can be emotionally and physically challenging, but talking to experts or other parents who have children with the condition can be a huge help.

• #49 Microcephaly in Children | Phoenix Children’s Hospital

  https://phoenixchildrens.org/specialties-conditions/microcephaly-children

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] Depending on how severe the microcephaly is, you may need different combinations of community support services to help you and your child. […] Your healthcare provider may advise genetic counseling. You can learn more about the risk for microcephaly in a future pregnancy.

• #50 Microcephaly in Children | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions—pediatrics/m/microcephaly-in-children.html

  If your provider believes the microcephaly was caused by environmental factors and you are still exposed to the toxic substances, ask for referrals to agencies that can help change the situation. Also talk with your healthcare provider before and during pregnancy about how to limit your child’s risk for the disease.

• #51 Microcephaly in Children

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/health-library/microcephaly-in-children

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers, such as: […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child. […] Depending on how severe the microcephaly is, you may need different combinations of community support services to help you and your child.

• #52 Microcephaly in Children

  https://healthlibrary.harrishealth.org/Conditions/Neuroscience/Children/Congenital/90,P02610

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure. Treatment focuses on preventing or reducing problems and maximizing a child’s abilities. […] The healthcare team will give support and teach you how best to manage your child’s health. Over time, your child may see healthcare providers, such as: Pediatrician or family healthcare provider. This is a child’s primary healthcare provider. […] Talk with your child’s healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all treatments. […] Children born with microcephaly need to see their healthcare team often. It’s important to keep all scheduled appointments. They will need tests to track the growth of the head. Their motor, social, intellectual, and language function will be tracked over time. […] You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child. […] Let your providers know if you are having trouble caring for your child so they can help you find support systems.

• #53 Microcephaly in Children

  https://chnola.staywellsolutionsonline.com/Search/90,P02610

  You can help your child strengthen their self-esteem and be as independent as possible. Your child may need physical and occupational rehabilitation. They may need extra support in school. The healthcare team will talk with you about community resources and the best ways to help your child. Let your providers know if you are having trouble caring for your child so they can help you find support systems.

• #54 Infants with microcephaly due to ZIKA virus exposure: nutritional status and food practices | Nutrition Journal | Full Text

  https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-019-0429-3

  Children with microcephaly due to vertical exposure to Zika virus are an interesting population for investigation. […] Knowledge about the nutrition of microcephalic infants can help mothers and caregivers provide better care. […] Nutritional assessment is one of the components of child health care that can be encompassed by their primary care, and information related to the nutrition of infants with microcephaly can help mothers and health care providers. […] The main inadequacies regarding dietary practices were low food diversity, use of ultra-processed products and low lipid intake. […] The nutritionist should have an essential role on this team, especially concerning the guidelines for an age-appropriate diet, which consider the limitations of this population and aim to minimize nutritional deficits and promote a better quality of life.

• #55 Microcephaly: Definition and Treatment Options

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2016/03/microcephaly-definition-and-treatment-options

  Microcephaly can be diagnosed in two ways either in utero or after birth. After birth, a child’s primary care provider should be measuring the child’s head circumference while monitoring development. […] Most cases of microcephaly do not have a cure. Instead, supportive measures like occupational, physical and speech therapy are often employed to assist with development. Some children require medical management for issues such as seizures. A small percentage of children will need feeding assistance with a feeding tube. […] If concerns exist for this situation, these children may require a CT scan and should be referred to a pediatric craniofacial surgeon for further evaluation and treatment.

• #56 Microcephaly: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305880

  Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition. In comparison with children the same age, a child with microcephaly has a smaller head and, on occasion, a smaller brain. […] The condition occurs in between 2 and 12 in every 10,000 live births each year in the United States. […] The effects of microcephaly on development can range from mild to severe, and might include: delayed development, such as learning to speak, stand, sit, or walk at a later age than other children at a similar stage; learning difficulties; movement and balance issues; a high-pitched cry; issues with feeding, such as dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing; hearing loss; reduced vision from lesions on the retina, the area at the back of the eye; distorted facial features and expressions; hyperactivity; short stature. […] No treatment or cure is currently available for microcephaly. Instead, treatment focuses on managing the condition and relieving linked health problems, such as seizures.

• #57 Infants with microcephaly due to ZIKA virus exposure: nutritional status and food practices | Nutrition Journal | Full Text

  https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-019-0429-3

  Children with microcephaly due to vertical exposure to Zika virus are an interesting population for investigation. […] Knowledge about the nutrition of microcephalic infants can help mothers and caregivers provide better care. […] Nutritional assessment is one of the components of child health care that can be encompassed by their primary care, and information related to the nutrition of infants with microcephaly can help mothers and health care providers. […] The main inadequacies regarding dietary practices were low food diversity, use of ultra-processed products and low lipid intake. […] The nutritionist should have an essential role on this team, especially concerning the guidelines for an age-appropriate diet, which consider the limitations of this population and aim to minimize nutritional deficits and promote a better quality of life.

• #58 Microcephaly | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is often congenital meaning present at birth but can also occur later during infancy. […] While there is no specific treatment for microcephaly, early intervention (such as physical, speech, and occupational therapy) can help brain connections grow. […] Your child’s exact prognosis depends on his or her specific symptoms and circumstances. Keep in mind that head size doesn’t always predict how a child will do. […] While microcephaly cannot be cured, support and therapy can help new brain connections grow, even if the brain remains small. Even in the most severe cases, there are treatment options that can help your child feel and function better. […] There is no cure for microcephaly, since there is no way to enlarge the brain and head. Instead, the treatment focuses on managing symptoms and any related conditions. Every child with microcephaly is different, so the type of support will be guided by his or her symptoms and severity of disease.

• #59 Microcephaly – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly can have many different genetic or environmental causes. Children will usually have developmental delays. They may have other neurological issues, too. Seizures are one example. […] Treatment usually includes several therapies. The therapies can help with delays. They can help with other symptoms, too. […] Various therapies may be needed. Therapies can include: Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Speech therapy, Feeding therapy. […] Some patients have seizures. In these cases, antiseizure medicine may be needed. […] Treatment usually focuses on symptoms. If the condition is severe, a child may need long-term treatment. […] Prognosis varies greatly. It depends on: Severity, Underlying cause. […] In severe cases: Lifespan may be shortened due to seizures, feeding or swallowing issues, or other problems.

• #60 Microcephaly | Birth Defects | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/about/microcephaly.html

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition. There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly. Microcephaly can range from mild to severe, and treatment options can range as well. Babies with mild microcephaly often do not experience any additional problems. These babies will need regular check-ups to monitor their growth and development. […] For more severe cases, babies will need ongoing care and treatment focused on managing their health problems (mentioned above). Developmental services early in life often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities. These services, known as early intervention, can include speech, occupational, and physical therapies. Sometimes medications also are needed to treat seizures or other symptoms.

• #61 Microcephaly Causes, Treatments, Prevention, and Long-Term Effects

  https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/what-is-microcephaly

  How well your child does depends on what caused the brain to stop growing in the first place. Children with a mild form of this disorder may have no other problems. They grow normally during childhood and adolescence and still meet age-appropriate growth milestones as they get older. […] Others can have severe problems with learning and moving. Children with microcephaly are more likely to have other medical problems, like cerebral palsy and epilepsy.

• #62 Microcephaly – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly can have many different genetic or environmental causes. Children will usually have developmental delays. They may have other neurological issues, too. Seizures are one example. […] Treatment usually includes several therapies. The therapies can help with delays. They can help with other symptoms, too. […] Various therapies may be needed. Therapies can include: Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Speech therapy, Feeding therapy. […] Some patients have seizures. In these cases, antiseizure medicine may be needed. […] Treatment usually focuses on symptoms. If the condition is severe, a child may need long-term treatment. […] Prognosis varies greatly. It depends on: Severity, Underlying cause. […] In severe cases: Lifespan may be shortened due to seizures, feeding or swallowing issues, or other problems.

• #63 Microcephaly (Small Head) and Birth Injuries | ABC Law Centers: Birth Injury Lawyers

  https://www.abclawcenters.com/practice-areas/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly is a lifelong condition and there is currently no cure. Infants with severe microcephaly may experience serious medical complications and may require supportive care for these related needs (2). Severe microcephaly is often associated with the following long-term complications (3): […] Microcephaly can be a sign of serious brain damage, and is often the result of medical negligence. If this medical negligence results in a serious or permanent disability, it is considered medical malpractice.

• #64 Microcephaly | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

  https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/microcephaly

  Children with microcephaly can have other problems. These can depend on how bad the microcephaly is. Common problems are: seizures, developmental delay, intellectual disability, difficulty swallowing, abnormal muscle tone which can cause problems with movement and balance, hearing loss, vision problems. […] You may have questions about how microcephaly will affect your child in the future. These questions can be answered by your doctor or midwife.

• #65 Microcephaly – Child Neurology Foundation

  https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/disorder/microcephaly/

  Microcephaly can have many different genetic or environmental causes. Children will usually have developmental delays. They may have other neurological issues, too. Seizures are one example. […] Treatment usually includes several therapies. The therapies can help with delays. They can help with other symptoms, too. […] Various therapies may be needed. Therapies can include: Physical therapy, Occupational therapy, Speech therapy, Feeding therapy. […] Some patients have seizures. In these cases, antiseizure medicine may be needed. […] Treatment usually focuses on symptoms. If the condition is severe, a child may need long-term treatment. […] Prognosis varies greatly. It depends on: Severity, Underlying cause. […] In severe cases: Lifespan may be shortened due to seizures, feeding or swallowing issues, or other problems.

• #66 Microcephaly – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/microcephaly.html

  When your baby’s head is smaller than expected, it is called microcephaly. […] Microcephaly can be diagnosed before or after your baby is born. Severe microcephaly can happen if your baby’s brain does not grow at all. […] Severe microcephaly is life-threatening. […] Your baby may not need any treatment with mild microcephaly. Other medical problems caused by microcephaly may need to be treated. Your baby may also need speech, physical, or occupational therapy. These therapies will help your child function at his or her highest level as he or she grows. Life-long treatment will be needed for babies with severe microcephaly. Severe microcephaly may be life-threatening. […] You have the right to help plan your baby’s care. Learn about your baby’s health condition and how it may be treated. Discuss treatment options with your baby’s healthcare providers to decide what care you want for your baby.

• #67 Microcephaly: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

  https://www.gillettechildrens.org/conditions-care/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a neurological condition that occurs when an infants brain doesnt develop properly, causing a babys head to be small. […] Microcephaly can happen to a baby while in the womb or within the first few years of life. Most children who have microcephaly experience cognitive delays and other neurological problems. […] In most cases, microcephaly is present before or at birth. An obstetrician might be able to diagnose congenital microcephaly using a prenatal ultrasound. […] Its difficult to predict at birth what lifelong issues microcephaly will cause. Thats why babies and children who have microcephaly often need regular checkups with a health care provider. […] Theres no cure for microcephaly. However, many symptoms of the condition can be managed with routine care, monitoring, and therapies. At Gillette, we focus on developing your childs abilities and encouraging their independence.

• #68 Microcephaly: Symptoms, Causes & Outlook

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9843-microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a condition that causes your babys head to be smaller than expected. Supportive care and monitoring are important. […] Treatment for microcephaly focuses on managing symptoms of the condition and could include: Management of any underlying health conditions. Developmental services to help your child reach physical and learning milestones for their age. Speech, occupational and physical therapies. Educational support programs in school. Medications to treat seizures. […] Your babys healthcare provider and care team will monitor your babys development and provide services to help them. Contact your childs provider if they miss milestones for their age, like walking and saying their first words. Early intervention can help your child as they grow.

• #69 Microcephaly | EBSCO Research Starters

  https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/microcephaly

  Microcephaly is a neurological condition characterized by an abnormally small head size due to improper brain development, which may be evident at birth or develop in early childhood. […] Although there is no cure for microcephaly, early intervention through therapies like speech, occupational, and physical therapy can improve the quality of life and developmental outcomes for affected children. […] Regular wellness checkups play a crucial role in early detection, enabling families to seek appropriate support and resources. […] For more complicated cases of microcephaly, pediatricians can refer patients to pediatric neurologists. […] Early detection of the condition can minimize the severity of complications with correct and constant therapeutic treatment. […] Instead, microcephaly treatment concentrates on management of the condition through speech, physical, and occupational therapies.

• #70 Microcephaly: symptoms, diagnosis, support | Raising Children Network

  https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/microcephaly

  If your child has microcephaly, early intervention is the best way to support your child’s development. Early intervention includes therapies, education and other supports that will help your child reach their full potential. For example, your child might have: […] You and your child will probably work with many health and other professionals as part of your child’s early intervention. These professionals include occupational therapists, paediatricians, physiotherapists and speech pathologists. […] Working in partnership with your child’s professionals is very important. When you combine your deep knowledge of your child with the professionals expertise, you’re more likely to get the best outcomes for your child.

• #71 WHAT IS MICROCEPHALY? – CAUSES, IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTION | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/what-is-microcephaly-causes-impact-on-development-and-the-importance-of-early-detection

  Check-ups with a pediatric neurologist should be routinely performed for children with microcephaly to keep track of their development and assist them as best as possible at every step of the way. […] While the condition itself is not treatable, some children with microcephaly exhibit complications that can be remedied with medication and surgery. […] Early intervention services have been proven to help newborns, infants, and children with microcephaly drastically improve their physical and mental skills. Community support is essential for optimal success.

• #72 WHAT IS MICROCEPHALY? – CAUSES, IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DETECTION | Mya Care

  https://myacare.com/blog/what-is-microcephaly-causes-impact-on-development-and-the-importance-of-early-detection

  Check-ups with a pediatric neurologist should be routinely performed for children with microcephaly to keep track of their development and assist them as best as possible at every step of the way. […] While the condition itself is not treatable, some children with microcephaly exhibit complications that can be remedied with medication and surgery. […] Early intervention services have been proven to help newborns, infants, and children with microcephaly drastically improve their physical and mental skills. Community support is essential for optimal success.

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