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• #1 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Swelling in the prostate gland due to hormonal changes and cell growth during the aging process. Symptoms include needing to urinate frequently, weak urine stream, and decreased ejaculate. […] About 50% of men between the ages of 51 and 60 have BPH, and that number jumps to 70% among men aged 60 to 69 and around 80% of men over 70 years of age. While some men who have BPH do not experience any bothersome symptoms, for many it causes problems with urination including increased urinary frequency, urgency, and an inability to completely empty the bladder. […] BPH can cause a number of lower urinary tract symptoms, including the following: Urinary hesitancy, or difficulty starting urination; Weak urinary stream; Need to strain muscles to begin the flow of urine; Urinary stream that starts and stops one or more times; Inability to completely empty bladder of urine; Increased frequency of urination; Increased urge to urinate; Increased frequency of urination at night, which often disrupts sleep (called nocturia); Urge incontinence, or the involuntary loss of urine; Flow of urine slows to a dribble toward end of urination. […] In some cases, BPH can lead to damage to the kidney, bladder stones, hematuria (blood in the urine), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and acute urinary retention, a condition characterized by the inability to urinate and accompanied by pain and swelling in the lower abdomen.

• #1 BPH Symptoms: What Are The Signs Of An Enlarged Prostate?

  https://www.webmd.com/men/prostate-enlargement-bph/enlarged-prostate-your-bph-symptoms-score

  As they age, some men may notice that they have trouble peeing. You might find it hard to start going, or perhaps the stream starts and stops several times. […] Those are two symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, called BPH, which is an enlarged prostate. […] Symptoms of BPH fall into 2 categories. Those caused by pressure on your urethra are called obstructive. The others start in your bladder. […] Some of the obstructive symptoms include: Trouble starting to urinate, You have to strain or push when you pee, The stream is weak, You have to stop and restart several times, Pee dribbles out at the end. […] If BPH causes changes in your bladder, it may include these signs: You suddenly feel a strong need to urinate. Doctors call this urgency, You have to pee more than 8 times a day. This is called frequency, Even after you go, you feel as though your bladder is not empty, You wake up often in the night to relieve yourself. This is called nocturia.

• #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a health issue that becomes more common with age. It’s also called an enlarged prostate. The prostate is a small gland that helps make semen. It’s found just below the bladder. And it often gets bigger as you get older. […] An enlarged prostate can cause symptoms that may bother you, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. It also can cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems. […] Common symptoms of BPH include: Frequent or urgent need to pee, also called urination. Peeing more often at night. Trouble starting to pee. Weak urine stream, or a stream that stops and starts. Dribbling at the end of urination. Not being able to fully empty the bladder. […] The symptoms of BPH tend to slowly get worse. But sometimes they stay the same or even improve over time.

• #1 Enlarged prostate

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/

  An enlarged prostate (sometimes called benign prostate enlargement) is when your prostate gets bigger. It’s common and is not usually serious, but there are treatments that can help if you need them. […] The main symptoms of an enlarged prostate are problems with peeing, such as: difficulty starting to pee, or having to push or strain to pee; a weak flow of pee, stopping and starting, and taking longer than usual to empty your bladder; feeling like you cannot fully empty your bladder; dribbling pee after you finish peeing; needing to pee more often or urgently, including getting up to pee during the night. […] The symptoms usually develop slowly, and may gradually get worse as you get older. […] An enlarged prostate does not always need treatment. It depends on your symptoms and how they’re affecting you.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes your prostate to increase in size. Its the most common prostate problem among males, affecting almost all of them as they age. Symptoms include difficulty peeing and a sudden need to pee. […] As benign prostatic hyperplasia causes your prostate to get bigger, your prostate squeezes against your urethra and affects how pee and ejaculate leave your body. […] Your prostate surrounds your urethra. When BPH causes your prostate to grow, it can cause blockage in your urethra. As a result, early symptoms of BPH include: Slowness or dribbling when you pee. Difficulty starting to pee. Leaking (incontinence). Sudden need to pee (urgency). Need to get up at night to pee. Inability to completely empty your bladder. Pain after ejaculating or while peeing. Your pee changes color. Your pee smells.

• #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087

  The size of the prostate doesn’t always determine how serious the symptoms are. Some people with slightly enlarged prostates can have major symptoms. Others who have very enlarged prostates can have minor problems. And some people with enlarged prostates don’t have any symptoms at all. […] Complications of an enlarged prostate can include: Not being able to pee. This also is called urinary retention. You might need to have a tube called a catheter placed into your bladder to drain the urine. Some people with an enlarged prostate need surgery to get relief. […] Treatment for BPH lowers the risk of these complications. But urinary retention and kidney damage can be serious health threats. […] Having an enlarged prostate is not thought to raise the risk of getting prostate cancer.

• #1 Patient education: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-beyond-the-basics/print

  These symptoms tend to appear over time and may gradually worsen over the years. However, some patients have an enlarged prostate that causes few or no symptoms, while others have symptoms of BPH that later improve or stay the same. Some patients are not bothered by their symptoms, while others are bothered a great deal. […] In a small percentage of patients, untreated BPH can cause urinary retention, meaning that there is difficulty with bladder emptying. The risk of urinary retention increases with age and as symptoms worsen. […] Symptoms of BPH also can be caused by other conditions, including prostate or bladder cancer, kidney stones, and overactive bladder. Overactive bladder causes a strong, frequent, uncomfortable need to urinate immediately.

• #1 Common Questions About the Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1201/p769.html

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that increases in prevalence with age. […] BPH can present as lower urinary tract symptoms such as incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, or nocturia. […] BPH severity is assessed using validated, self-administered symptom questionnaires such as the American Urological Association Symptom Index or International Prostate Symptom Score. […] Mild or nonbothersome symptoms do not require treatment. Bothersome symptoms are managed with lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. […] Alpha blockers are first-line medications for BPH. […] The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases with age. […] Patients with BPH and bothersome, moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms should be referred for surgical consultation if BPH-related complications develop, medical therapy fails, or the patient chooses it.

• #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a progressive disease: a guide to the risk factors and options for medical management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2440415/

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complex disease that is progressive in many men. BPH is commonly associated with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms; progressive disease can also result in complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and BPH-related surgery. […] Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a chronic and complex disease that is progressive in many men. In those with moderate-to-severe symptoms and risk factors for disease progression (an enlarged prostate, an elevated PSA, age 60 years), 5ARI monotherapy is a suitable treatment option to minimise the risk of disease progression. […] An expert review of published evidence regarding BPH as a progressive disease defined progression as worsening of symptoms, deterioration of urinary flow rate, increase in prostate volume (PV), and outcomes such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and the need for surgery either for AUR or symptoms.

• #1 Enlarged prostate

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/

  Treatment and support is also available to help with symptoms of an enlarged prostate. This can include: products such as pads, pants or sheaths to help with leaks or dribbling pee; a urinary catheter a flexible tube that’s put into your bladder to drain pee, if you cannot empty your bladder; help with bladder training, where you try holding on for a short time when you need to pee, and gradually increase the time over a few weeks; pelvic floor muscle training exercises to strengthen muscles that help control your bladder. […] It’s thought that an enlarged prostate may be caused by changes in your hormone levels as you get older. An enlarged prostate is very common. You may be more likely to get it if you’re over 50, and if others in your family have an enlarged prostate.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-overview

  The voiding dysfunction that results from prostate gland enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is termed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It has also been commonly referred to as prostatism, although this term has decreased in popularity. These entities overlap; not all men with BPH have LUTS, and likewise, not all men with LUTS have BPH. Approximately half of men diagnosed with histopathologic BPH report moderate-to-severe LUTS. […] Clinical manifestations of LUTS include urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia (awakening at night to urinate), decreased or intermittent force of stream, or a sensation of incomplete emptying. Complications occur less commonly but may include acute urinary retention (AUR), impaired bladder emptying, the need for corrective surgery, kidney failure, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or gross hematuria. […] Prostate volume may increase over time in men with BPH. In addition, peak urinary flow, voided volume, and symptoms may worsen over time in men with untreated BPH. The risk of AUR and the need for corrective surgery increases with age.

• #1 Stress and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/stress-and-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-20090929192

  Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often find the condition stressful, and its easy to understand why. Urinary urgency that triggers a frantic hunt for a bathroom will jangle even the most relaxed fellow, and nighttime urination that interrupts sleep can only add to mental distress. […] BPH progresses over the course of a mans later years. But lifelong stress did not appear to stimulate growth of the prostate. If anything, men who reported high levels of total lifetime stress tended to have slightly smaller glands than their more placid peers. Recent stress was another matter. Men who reported high levels of recent stress had more difficulty emptying their bladders than men who had not experienced recent stress. And hostility appeared to exacerbate the effects of recent stress; men with both factors had the largest post-voiding residual urine volumes.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Without treatment, BPH can cause further blockage in your urethra, and your symptoms may worsen. It may also cause: Urinary tract infection (UTI). Bladder stones. Blood in your pee (hematuria). Kidney damage due to pee backflow from your bladder up to your kidney. The pee backflow increases pressure on your kidney. […] The outlook for people with BPH is very good. BPH doesnt have a cure, but treatments can help alleviate your symptoms. Mild symptoms may not require treatment. Medications, surgery and minimally invasive treatments can treat more severe cases.

• #1 Benign prostate enlargement | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/kidneys-bladder-and-prostate/benign-prostate-enlargement/

  Benign prostate enlargement (BPE), also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a condition that affects older men and anyone with a prostate. […] If the prostate becomes enlarged, it can place pressure on the bladder and urethra (the tube through which urine passes). This can affect how you pass urine and may cause: difficulty starting urination, a frequent need to urinate, difficulty fully emptying the bladder. […] The symptoms of benign prostate enlargement are caused by the enlarged prostate placing pressure on the bladder and urethra (which carries urine from the bladder to the penis). […] This can affect urination in a number of ways. For example, it can: make it difficult for you to start urinating, weaken the flow of urine or cause stopping and starting, cause you to strain to pass urine, cause you to need to urinate frequently, cause you to wake up frequently during the night to urinate, cause a sudden urge to urinate, which can result in urinary incontinence if you can’t find a toilet quickly enough, cause you to not be able to empty your bladder fully, cause blood in the urine (haematuria). […] In the later stages, benign prostate enlargement can cause urine retention and other complications such as bladder stones, bladder infections and kidney damage.

• #1 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland grows larger than normal, but the growth is not caused by cancer. […] BPH often occurs late in the second growth phase. […] BPH is the most common prostate problem in men older than age 50. […] If you have BPH, you may have trouble starting a urine stream or emptying your bladder, a weak or interrupted urine stream, or dribbling at the end of urination, nocturia, urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and pain during urination. […] BPH symptoms or difficulty urinating may not be directly related to the size of your prostate. […] You should discuss any urinary symptoms with a health care professional. […] An enlarged prostate can cause problems with emptying your bladder. […] Other complications can include blood in your urine, called hematuria, urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney disease, and bladder stones.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia – Men’s Health Issues – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/benign-prostate-disorders/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  The lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can also be caused by other disorders, including infection, prostate cancer, and overactive bladder. […] Obstruction of urine flow with retention of some urine in the bladder may increase the pressure in the bladder and limit the flow of urine from the kidneys, putting increased stress on the kidneys. […] If obstruction is prolonged, the bladder may overstretch, causing overflow incontinence. […] Urine flow out of the bladder can be blocked (urinary retention) completely, making urination impossible and usually leading to a full feeling and severe pain in the lower abdomen. […] In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the prostate gland enlarges. […] The enlarging prostate gland squeezes the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. As a result, urine may flow through more slowly.

• #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Treatment, symptoms, and causes

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314998

  About 10-20% of people with BPH will also have pelvic pain. It is important to note that not everyone with urinary problems will have BPH, and not everyone with BPH will have these symptoms. However, anyone who experiences urinary problems should see a doctor. An early diagnosis can help prevent complications, as well as ruling out cancer. […] Without treatment, BPH can lead to complications. These include an inability to urinate or empty the bladder and urinary incontinence. If urine remains in the bladder, the following can develop: urinary tract infections, bladder stones, kidney damage. Urinary incontinence can also affect a person’s confidence and quality of life. Most people with BPH do not develop complications. However, anyone who has severe or worsening problems with urination, pain, or blood in the urine should see a doctor. […] BPH is not cancer, and treatment can help control symptoms and prevent complications. Many people need no treatment. Some people need more than one intervention to relieve a blockage. However, taking medications can also help prevent BPH from coming back.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Enlarged Prostate – Urology | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/urology/conditions-treated/male-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous condition that affects a substantial number of men as they age. In BPH an enlarged prostate can squeeze or partially block the urethra the tube that carries the urine from the bladder out of the body. This can lead to bothersome urinary symptoms that may include a weak stream, trouble starting and stopping, the frequent feeling of needing to urinate, greater urgency when the feeling hits, leaking or dribbling, and the sense that the bladder isn’t empty after urination. These symptoms can be detrimental to a patient’s health and quality of life, and can easily be treated with medications and procedures. […] BPH symptoms are familiar to a large proportion of men during middle age and beyond, and when untreated they can progressively worsen. Approximately half of men in their 50s and as many as 90 percent of men in their 70s and 80s have enlarged prostates that are often symptomatic. Typical symptoms of BPH include urinary urgency, frequency, slower stream, nocturia (waking multiple times at night to urinate), sputtering of urine stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, and the retention of urine. Symptoms of BPH are often severely detrimental to a patient’s quality of life often due to lack of sleep, discomfort, and even embarrassment.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Stony Brook Medicine

  https://www.stonybrookmedicine.edu/patientcare/urology/common_problems/benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

  Incomplete emptying of the bladder may lead to urinary track infections (UTI). If a UTI develops, burning and/or pain during urination is experienced. Recurrent UTIs, the sudden inability to urinate, or gradual bladder and/or kidney damage occur in a small percentage of men with BPH. An enlarged prostate can even result in total blockage of the urethra, which is a very serious condition. […] Men with mild symptoms of BPH rarely find a need to modify their daily activities. However, as symptoms progress, some men experience differing social consequences. They are forced to stay close to a bathroom, reserve seats on the aisle, wear dark clothing to conceal leakage, nap frequently to make up for loss of sleep at night, and curtail social activities. These adjustments can make a significant differences in your lifestyle.

• #1 Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate | Georgia Prostateclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.gaprostate.com/bph-symptoms/

  It is critical to note that not all individuals with BPH will experience all of these symptoms. The intensity and combination of symptoms can vary from person to person. If you have any of these symptoms, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment. […] If left untreated, BPH can lead to kidney damage. The stagnant urine in the bladder can back up into the kidneys, causing potential complications. […] BPH can also contribute to sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. This occurs because the enlarged prostate can compromise the normal functioning of the reproductive system.

• #1 Enlarged prostate: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000381.htm

  An enlarged prostate is often called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is not cancer, and it does not raise your risk for prostate cancer. […] Less than half of all men with BPH have symptoms of the disease. Symptoms may include: Dribbling at the end of urinating, inability to urinate (urinary retention), incomplete emptying of your bladder, incontinence, needing to urinate 2 or more times per night, pain with urination or bloody urine (these may indicate infection), slowed or delayed start of the urinary stream, straining to urinate, strong and sudden urge to urinate, weak urine stream. […] If you have BPH, you should have a yearly assessment to monitor your symptoms and see if you need changes in treatment. […] Men who have had BPH for long time with slowly worsening symptoms may develop: sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention), urinary tract infections, urinary stones, damage to the kidneys, blood in the urine. […] BPH may come back over time, even after having surgery.

• #1 BPH Symptoms: What Are The Signs Of An Enlarged Prostate?

  https://www.webmd.com/men/prostate-enlargement-bph/enlarged-prostate-your-bph-symptoms-score

  Some symptoms of BPH are not as common, and they could signal that your condition is more complicated or advanced. Those signs include: Burning or pain when you pee, Blood in your urine, You can’t go at all because your urethra is blocked. Get emergency treatment right away if this happens. […] Your symptoms may not bother you too much. But it’s important to talk over any urinary problems with your doctor. […] Some symptoms need quick medical attention. If you have any of these, call your doctor right away or head to an emergency room: You can’t urinate at all, You have to pee frequently, it’s painful, and you have fever and chills, You have blood in your urine, You feel a great deal of pain in your lower belly and urinary tract.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Spokane, WA: Spokane Urology

  https://www.spokaneurology.com/contents/services/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-new

  If you suffer from the above symptoms, you are not alone. BPH is the leading reason men visit a urologist. These symptoms indicate varying degrees of bladder dysfunction, and should alert men to seek treatment to help preserve bladder health and lower the risk of long term complications. […] You can measure the severity of your BPH symptoms by taking the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. […] If medications and lifestyle changes dont yield the desired results or you have bothersome side effects from the medications, there are surgical procedures that can help. Surgery can also be used to either avoid medications or get patients off medication if they prefer. […] A specialist at Spokane Urology can discuss the range of procedure options available, including a minimally invasive treatment called UroLift, which uses tiny implants to hold the prostate open to improve the flow of urine. Other options include removing part of your prostate or reducing its size using electrical energy, laser energy, or radiofrequency energy. In some cases when the prostate is massively enlarged, a laparoscopic procedure may be necessary to remove the obstructing part of the prostate. […] If your diagnostic exam and subsequent testing reveal your symptoms are due to an enlarged prostate gland, your Spokane Urology provider will discuss the details of all the available treatment options.

• #1 Review and update of benign prostatic hyperplasia in general practice

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/july/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  The aim of physical examination is to exclude a palpable bladder as well as phimosis, meatal stenosis or other pathology, including balanitis. […] Treatment is mostly determined by bother of symptoms, effect on QoL or whether any complicating features are identified. […] Men with bothersome symptoms in the absence of complicating factors are appropriate candidates for a trial of medical therapy. […] Monotherapy is usually initiated with an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. […] Since 2016, tamsulosin plus dutasteride has been available to GPs to prescribe as a combined formulation without specialist approval. […] Overall, combination therapy was superior to either alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist or 5-ARI therapy alone in improving LUTS and reducing progression. […] Surgery is recommended for men who are bothered by symptoms and fail to respond to medical management or have complications such as hydronephrosis, recurrent UTIs, progressive deterioration of residual volume, macroscopic haematuria or very poor maximum velocity on uroflow studies.

• #1 Common Questions About the Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1201/p769.html

  Mild symptoms (AUA-SI score of 0 to 7) as well as nonbothersome moderate (8 to 19) to severe (20 to 35) symptoms require no treatment. Individuals bothered by moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms can be treated with lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. […] Assessing BPH severity is important because it guides management decisions. […] The AUA-SI has been validated as a clinical tool and may be used throughout management. […] The decision to order a PSA measurement should be individualized after discussing with the patient the risks of false-positive and false-negative results, as well as the possible need for biopsy. […] The AUA recommends surgery if medical therapy fails or the patient develops BPH-related complications, such as bladder calculi, bladder decompensation (decreased detrusor contractions), hematuria (gross and microscopic), recurrent urinary tract infections, renal insufficiency, and urinary retention.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  Clinicians should consider assessment of prostate size and shape via transrectal or abdominal ultrasound, cystoscopy, or cross-sectional imaging (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]/ computed tomography [CT]) if such studies are available, prior to intervention for LUTS/BPH. […] 5-ARIs alone or in combination with alpha blockers are recommended as a treatment option to prevent progression of LUTS/BPH and/or reduce the risks of urinary retention and need for future prostate-related surgery. […] 5-ARI monotherapy should be used as a treatment option in patients with LUTS/BPH with prostatic enlargement as judged by a prostate volume of 30g on imaging, a prostate specific antigen (PSA) 1.5ng/mL, or palpable prostate enlargement on digital rectal exam (DRE). […] 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor (5-ARI) is a treatment option to reduce intraoperative bleeding and peri- or postoperative need for blood transfusion after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other surgical intervention for BPH. […] Clinicians should inform patients of the possibility of treatment failure and the need for additional or secondary treatments when considering surgical and minimally-invasive treatments for LUTS/BPH.

• #1 Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0515/p1403.html

  Watchful waiting is recommended in men who have mild symptoms (AUA Symptom Index score of 7 or less) or who do not perceive their symptoms to be particularly bothersome. […] Alpha blockers relieve symptoms in men with moderate to severe BPH. […] The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors do not provide immediate symptom relief, and approximately six months of therapy is required to achieve clinical benefit. […] These agents appear to be most beneficial when the prostate volume is 40 mL or greater. […] A randomized trial comparing TURP with watchful waiting showed a reduction in symptoms and complications in men who underwent surgery. […] Although TURP provides definitive relief in most patients, a recent trial showed that two out of 30 patients who underwent TURP required reoperation within two years.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  The most common symptoms of BPH are: Leaking or dribbling of urine. Trouble starting the urine stream. More frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia). Urgency to urinate. Holding urine (can’t pass urine). An interrupted, weak stream of urine. […] The symptoms of BPH may look like other conditions or health problems. Always talk with a doctor for a diagnosis. […] Delay in treatment of BPH can cause: Loss of urine control. Kidney damage. Blood in the urine. Bladder damage. Urinary tract infections. Bladder stones. An inability to pass urine at all (acute urinary retention). […] Management of BPH may include: Lifestyle changes. Limit fluids in the evening, empty your bladder before going to bed, and dont take water pills (diuretics) that are active at night. Talk with your doctor before changing the timing of your medicines. Losing weight and staying physically active may also help.

• #1 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370093

  Your health care provider likely will start by asking questions about your symptoms. […] BPH is a fancy way of saying the prostate is getting larger, and we don’t want it to. […] The enlarged prostate forces the urethra to narrow, causing a variety of urination problems. And as men age, the symptoms occur more frequently. […] If your symptoms don’t get in the way of your life, you might decide to put off treatment. Instead, you could wait to see if your symptoms change or get worse. For some people, symptoms of BPH can ease without treatment. […] Taking medicine is the most common treatment for mild to moderate symptoms of an enlarged prostate. […] Surgery or other procedures might help with BPH symptoms if you: Don’t get enough relief from medicines. […] Any type of prostate procedure can cause side effects.

• #1 Enlarged prostate

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/

  If your symptoms get worse you may need medicines or surgery. […] If you have moderate or severe symptoms you may be offered medicines for an enlarged prostate, including: medicines that help you to pee, such as tamsulosin, doxazosin or alfuzosin; medicines that help with needing to pee more often or more urgently, such as oxybutynin or tolterodine; medicines that help stop your prostate growing, by reducing hormone levels, if you’re at high risk of your condition getting worse, such as finasteride or dutasteride. […] You might be offered surgery if medicines have not helped, or your symptoms are severe. […] The most common surgery you may be offered for an enlarged prostate is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This involves removing part of your prostate through a thin tube that’s passed up your penis to your prostate.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  The goal of this revised guideline is to provide a useful reference on the effective evidence-based surgical management of male lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). […] Patients with bothersome LUTS/BPH who elect initial medical management and do not have symptom improvement and/or experience intolerable side effects should undergo further evaluation and consideration of change in medical management or surgical intervention. […] Surgery is recommended for patients who have renal insufficiency secondary to BPH, refractory urinary retention secondary to BPH, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), recurrent bladder stones or gross hematuria due to BPH, and/or with LUTS/BPH refractory to or unwilling to use other therapies. […] TURP should be offered as a treatment option for patients with LUTS/BPH.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Prostate Matters

  https://prostatematters.co.nz/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  Patients with urinary symptoms should be offered the full range of locally available treatment options including novel minimally invasive approaches which are more likely to preserve sexual function so that they can then choose between tablets, minimally invasive approaches, and more traditional surgery. […] In most cases the initial treatment is medication. […] Because of the emergence in the last few years of several new, relatively non-invasive techniques and technologies which have fewer side effects, we would no longer recommend TURP in most circumstances, although it remains an effective treatment if these other options are not available. […] HoLEP has a lower reoperation rate than both TURP and PVP, short catheterisation time and low risk of bleeding. […] Outcomes are equivalent to traditional open prostate surgery and virtually any size of prostate can be treated.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-%28bph%29-guideline

  PUL should be considered as a treatment option for patients with LUTS/BPH provided prostate volume 30-80g and verified absence of an obstructive middle lobe. […] WVTT should be considered as a treatment option for patients with LUTS/BPH provided prostate volume 30-80g. […] 5-ARIs alone or in combination with alpha blockers are recommended as a treatment option to prevent progression of LUTS/BPH and/or reduce the risks of urinary retention and need for future prostate-related surgery. […] Before starting a 5-ARI, clinicians should inform patients of the risks of sexual side effects, certain uncommon physical side effects, and the low risk of prostate cancer. […] Clinicians should inform patients who pass a successful TWOC for AUR from BPH that they remain at increased risk for recurrent urinary retention.

• #1 Enlarged Prostate Gland (BPH) | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/mens-reproductive-sexual-health/enlarged-prostate-bph

  PAE is an option for some men who have moderate to severe BPH. This low-risk procedure is successful for most of the men who have it. […] HoLEP provides a lasting solution for men of any age who have obstructed urinary flow caused by an enlarged prostate, especially those with prostate glands larger than 60 grams. […] TURP is has been considered the gold standard of surgical treatment for BPH for decades. It does not involve external incisions; the procedure is performed internally to remove excess prostate tissue blocking the urethra. TURP is very effective and can relieve prostate symptoms permanently. […] Urolift (prostate urethral lift) is a minimally invasive procedure for BPH that does not involve removal of prostate tissue. […] Rezum removes overgrowth of prostate gland tissue using steam. Your doctor may recommend this procedure if you prefer not to take medications for urinary symptoms.

• #1 Enlarged prostate (BPH) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Number f

  https://www.pacehospital.com/enlarged-prostate-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Research studies demonstrated that the hormones play a vital role in the development of enlarged prostate. With aging the active testosterone levels in males are reduced, and the oestrogen levels are increased, prompting the alteration in prostate gland which results in its enlargement. […] Even though there are several risk factors associated with the development of enlarged prostate, not every risk factor may cause prostate enlargement. But men with the following risk factors are at more risk of developing enlarged prostate: Increased age, Diabetes (high blood sugar), Family history, Lack of physical exercise, Obese (being overweight), Unhealthy diet. […] The complications of enlarged prostate arise with the advancement in stages. In some cases of enlarged prostate, there are chances of complications such as: Acute urinary retention (inability to voluntarily pass urine), Vesicolithiasis (presence of stones in bladder), End stage renal disease (ESRD also called as Kidney failure), Urinary tract infections (UTI), Hydronephrosis (build-up of urine in the kidney), Urine hesitancy (weak urinary stream), Haematuria (blood in urine), Decompensated (loss of functional balance) urinary bladder, Erectile dysfunction (inability to maintain erections). […] Currently, there are no preventive methods to stop enlarged prostate. The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms could depict an enlarged prostate. The patients can reduce the effects of enlarged prostate by through early diagnosis and receiving an early treatment.

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy. It means that the prostate gland has become very large and may cause problems passing urine. BPH is not cancer. It’s a common part of aging. […] Some symptoms of BPH and prostate cancer are the same. But BPH isn’t cancer, and it doesn’t develop into prostate cancer. […] As the prostate grows, it presses against the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. This interferes with urination. At the same time, the bladder wall becomes thicker and irritated, and it starts to contract, even when it contains only small amounts of urine. This can cause more frequent urination. These changes cause the bladder muscle to weaken. It may not empty fully and can leave some urine behind. This leads to symptoms.

• #1 Prostate enlargement | Healthify

  https://healthify.nz/health-a-z/p/prostate-enlargement

  As the symptoms of prostate enlargement are similar to prostate cancer, its important to see your healthcare provider if you have any of the symptoms of an enlarged prostate. Even if the symptoms are mild, they could be caused by a condition that needs to be investigated. Any blood in your urine must be investigated to rule out other more serious conditions.

• #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Causes, symptoms and treatment | Nebraska Medicine Omaha, NE

  https://www.nebraskamed.com/urologic-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-causes-symptoms-and-treatment

  If you’re experiencing a weak urine stream or trouble starting your stream, have to push or strain to urinate, or have difficulty emptying your bladder, you might have an enlarged prostate, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. […] Common signs and symptoms of BPH include: Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts, Difficulty starting urination, Inability to completely empty your bladder, Feeling the need to push or strain, Accidental loss or leakage of urine, also known as urinary incontinence, Dribbling at the end of urination, Frequent or urgent need to urinate, especially at night. […] About 50% of men between ages 51 and 60 will have some signs of BPH, and that percentage increases progressively with age.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Early and Advanced Signs

  https://www.verywellhealth.com/bph-symptoms-7549544

  The symptoms of an enlarged prostate, otherwise known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), include frequent urination, difficulty starting a urine stream, a weak urine flow, and needing to rush to the bathroom to urinate. Over time, it can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and chronic kidney disease in some people. […] Symptoms of BPH are caused when the growing prostate starts to pinch the urethra and block the neck of the bladder (leading to a bladder outlet obstruction). Over time, the pressure placed on the bladder can cause the walls to thicken, making it less able to empty completely. […] The symptoms of BPH can be broadly divided into „voiding” symptoms (related to the urethra and bladder neck) and „storage” symptoms (related to the bladder). […] Voiding symptoms of BPH include: Difficulty starting a urine stream (urinary hesitancy), A weak, intermittent, or split urine stream, Having to push or strain to pee, A feeling that your bladder isn’t completely empty (urinary retention).

• #2 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Swelling in the prostate gland due to hormonal changes and cell growth during the aging process. Symptoms include needing to urinate frequently, weak urine stream, and decreased ejaculate. […] About 50% of men between the ages of 51 and 60 have BPH, and that number jumps to 70% among men aged 60 to 69 and around 80% of men over 70 years of age. While some men who have BPH do not experience any bothersome symptoms, for many it causes problems with urination including increased urinary frequency, urgency, and an inability to completely empty the bladder. […] BPH can cause a number of lower urinary tract symptoms, including the following: Urinary hesitancy, or difficulty starting urination; Weak urinary stream; Need to strain muscles to begin the flow of urine; Urinary stream that starts and stops one or more times; Inability to completely empty bladder of urine; Increased frequency of urination; Increased urge to urinate; Increased frequency of urination at night, which often disrupts sleep (called nocturia); Urge incontinence, or the involuntary loss of urine; Flow of urine slows to a dribble toward end of urination. […] In some cases, BPH can lead to damage to the kidney, bladder stones, hematuria (blood in the urine), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and acute urinary retention, a condition characterized by the inability to urinate and accompanied by pain and swelling in the lower abdomen.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes your prostate to increase in size. Its the most common prostate problem among males, affecting almost all of them as they age. Symptoms include difficulty peeing and a sudden need to pee. […] As benign prostatic hyperplasia causes your prostate to get bigger, your prostate squeezes against your urethra and affects how pee and ejaculate leave your body. […] Your prostate surrounds your urethra. When BPH causes your prostate to grow, it can cause blockage in your urethra. As a result, early symptoms of BPH include: Slowness or dribbling when you pee. Difficulty starting to pee. Leaking (incontinence). Sudden need to pee (urgency). Need to get up at night to pee. Inability to completely empty your bladder. Pain after ejaculating or while peeing. Your pee changes color. Your pee smells.

• #2 BPH Symptoms: What Are The Signs Of An Enlarged Prostate?

  https://www.webmd.com/men/prostate-enlargement-bph/enlarged-prostate-your-bph-symptoms-score

  As they age, some men may notice that they have trouble peeing. You might find it hard to start going, or perhaps the stream starts and stops several times. […] Those are two symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, called BPH, which is an enlarged prostate. […] Symptoms of BPH fall into 2 categories. Those caused by pressure on your urethra are called obstructive. The others start in your bladder. […] Some of the obstructive symptoms include: Trouble starting to urinate, You have to strain or push when you pee, The stream is weak, You have to stop and restart several times, Pee dribbles out at the end. […] If BPH causes changes in your bladder, it may include these signs: You suddenly feel a strong need to urinate. Doctors call this urgency, You have to pee more than 8 times a day. This is called frequency, Even after you go, you feel as though your bladder is not empty, You wake up often in the night to relieve yourself. This is called nocturia.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-overview

  The voiding dysfunction that results from prostate gland enlargement and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is termed lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It has also been commonly referred to as prostatism, although this term has decreased in popularity. These entities overlap; not all men with BPH have LUTS, and likewise, not all men with LUTS have BPH. Approximately half of men diagnosed with histopathologic BPH report moderate-to-severe LUTS. […] Clinical manifestations of LUTS include urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia (awakening at night to urinate), decreased or intermittent force of stream, or a sensation of incomplete emptying. Complications occur less commonly but may include acute urinary retention (AUR), impaired bladder emptying, the need for corrective surgery, kidney failure, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or gross hematuria. […] Prostate volume may increase over time in men with BPH. In addition, peak urinary flow, voided volume, and symptoms may worsen over time in men with untreated BPH. The risk of AUR and the need for corrective surgery increases with age.

• #2 Enlarged prostate

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/

  An enlarged prostate (sometimes called benign prostate enlargement) is when your prostate gets bigger. It’s common and is not usually serious, but there are treatments that can help if you need them. […] The main symptoms of an enlarged prostate are problems with peeing, such as: difficulty starting to pee, or having to push or strain to pee; a weak flow of pee, stopping and starting, and taking longer than usual to empty your bladder; feeling like you cannot fully empty your bladder; dribbling pee after you finish peeing; needing to pee more often or urgently, including getting up to pee during the night. […] The symptoms usually develop slowly, and may gradually get worse as you get older. […] An enlarged prostate does not always need treatment. It depends on your symptoms and how they’re affecting you.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate gland enlargement occurs when the prostate becomes abnormally large, typically with advancing age. An enlarged prostate gland can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating or incomplete bladder emptying, leading to problems related to the bladder, urinary tract infections, or kidney diseases. […] The BPH symptoms vary with each person; however, symptoms can gradually worsen over time if left untreated. The common signs and symptoms of BPH are as follows: Urinary frequency, Nocturia, Urinary hesitancy, Weak urine stream or intermittency, Dribbling after urination, Urinary retention, straining, urge incontinence. […] Other less common signs and symptoms of BPH include: Urinary tract infections, Burning or painful urination, Blood in the urine.

• #2 Benign prostate enlargement | NHS inform

  https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/kidneys-bladder-and-prostate/benign-prostate-enlargement/

  Benign prostate enlargement (BPE), also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a condition that affects older men and anyone with a prostate. […] If the prostate becomes enlarged, it can place pressure on the bladder and urethra (the tube through which urine passes). This can affect how you pass urine and may cause: difficulty starting urination, a frequent need to urinate, difficulty fully emptying the bladder. […] The symptoms of benign prostate enlargement are caused by the enlarged prostate placing pressure on the bladder and urethra (which carries urine from the bladder to the penis). […] This can affect urination in a number of ways. For example, it can: make it difficult for you to start urinating, weaken the flow of urine or cause stopping and starting, cause you to strain to pass urine, cause you to need to urinate frequently, cause you to wake up frequently during the night to urinate, cause a sudden urge to urinate, which can result in urinary incontinence if you can’t find a toilet quickly enough, cause you to not be able to empty your bladder fully, cause blood in the urine (haematuria). […] In the later stages, benign prostate enlargement can cause urine retention and other complications such as bladder stones, bladder infections and kidney damage.

• #2 What Every Man Needs to Know About Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia : Urology Center of Florida: Urologists

  https://www.urologycenterofflorida.com/blog/what-every-man-needs-to-know-about-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  The degree of your prostate enlargement doesn’t always predict the severity of your symptoms. Some men experience significant issues with relatively mild prostatic enlargement while others with severe enlargement have minor symptoms or none at all. […] Treatment is often based on the severity of your symptoms and may include: Oral medication to relax muscles in the bladder neck and prostate so that urine flows more smoothly, Medications to shrink your prostate by controlling hormonal imbalances, Minimally invasive surgical procedures to reduce the size of your prostate and strengthen urine flow.

• #2 Symptoms of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

  https://www.urology-textbook.com/bph-symptoms.html

  BPH may lead to vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and postrenal kidney failure. […] The validated International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) consists of 8 questions and is used to quantify BPH symptoms and to monitor treatment success. […] 0 to 7 points correspond to mild symptoms, 8 to 19 points to moderate symptoms, and 20 to 35 points to severe symptoms.

• #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a progressive disease: a guide to the risk factors and options for medical management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2440415/

  The above data provide convincing evidence that BPH is a progressive disease in many men and that progression can take a variety of forms in individual patients. […] Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a chronic, complex disease that is progressive in many men. Although symptom deterioration is the most frequently occurring progression event, patients are often more concerned about progression to events such as AUR or BPH-related surgery.

• #2 Patient education: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-beyond-the-basics/print

  These symptoms tend to appear over time and may gradually worsen over the years. However, some patients have an enlarged prostate that causes few or no symptoms, while others have symptoms of BPH that later improve or stay the same. Some patients are not bothered by their symptoms, while others are bothered a great deal. […] In a small percentage of patients, untreated BPH can cause urinary retention, meaning that there is difficulty with bladder emptying. The risk of urinary retention increases with age and as symptoms worsen. […] Symptoms of BPH also can be caused by other conditions, including prostate or bladder cancer, kidney stones, and overactive bladder. Overactive bladder causes a strong, frequent, uncomfortable need to urinate immediately.

• #2 Symptoms & Causes of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Z UrologyVisit our FacebookVisit our InstagramVisit our YouTube channelclosearrow-circle-o-downchevron-rightphoneellipsis-vcredit-card-altchevron-downlinkedinfacebookpinterestyoutubersstwitterinsta

  https://zurology.com/symptoms-causes-of-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  The size of the prostate doesn’t necessarily determine the severity of symptoms. Interestingly, some men with only slightly enlarged prostates can have significant symptoms, while other men with very enlarged prostates can have only minor urinary symptoms. […] In some men, symptoms eventually stabilize and might even improve over time. […] Most men have continued prostate growth throughout their life. In many men, this continued growth enlarges the prostate enough to cause urinary symptoms or to significantly block urine flow. […] It isn’t entirely clear what causes the prostate to enlarge. However, it might be due to changes in the balance of sex hormones as men grow older. Most men with an enlarged prostate don’t develop these complications.

• #2 BPH symptoms explained | Enlarged prostate causes

  https://www.dfwbphtreatment.com/bph-symptoms-and-treatment/bph-symptoms

  BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia), is the enlargement of the prostate gland. BPH is common and impacts nearly half of all men in their 50s and more than 90% of men over 80 years of age. This growth may be natural but can be problematic when it interferes with normal bodily functions such as urination and sexual performance. […] When the prostate continues to enlarge, it may cut off the natural flow of fluid through the urethra. The resulting issues with urination are often the first signs of BPH. […] Because the urethra travels through the center of the prostate, many of the early signs of BPH deal with issues related to urination. As the prostate continues to enlarge, symptoms will increase in frequency and severity. BPH may lead to bladder complications, urinary tract infections, kidney damage, and other related issues. In some of the most severe cases, BPH can lead to the inability to urinate which is a critical emergency medical issue.

• #2 Enlarged prostate (BPH) – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Number f

  https://www.pacehospital.com/enlarged-prostate-symptoms-causes-and-treatment

  Research studies demonstrated that the hormones play a vital role in the development of enlarged prostate. With aging the active testosterone levels in males are reduced, and the oestrogen levels are increased, prompting the alteration in prostate gland which results in its enlargement. […] Even though there are several risk factors associated with the development of enlarged prostate, not every risk factor may cause prostate enlargement. But men with the following risk factors are at more risk of developing enlarged prostate: Increased age, Diabetes (high blood sugar), Family history, Lack of physical exercise, Obese (being overweight), Unhealthy diet. […] The complications of enlarged prostate arise with the advancement in stages. In some cases of enlarged prostate, there are chances of complications such as: Acute urinary retention (inability to voluntarily pass urine), Vesicolithiasis (presence of stones in bladder), End stage renal disease (ESRD also called as Kidney failure), Urinary tract infections (UTI), Hydronephrosis (build-up of urine in the kidney), Urine hesitancy (weak urinary stream), Haematuria (blood in urine), Decompensated (loss of functional balance) urinary bladder, Erectile dysfunction (inability to maintain erections). […] Currently, there are no preventive methods to stop enlarged prostate. The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms could depict an enlarged prostate. The patients can reduce the effects of enlarged prostate by through early diagnosis and receiving an early treatment.

• #2 Stress and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/stress-and-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-20090929192

  Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often find the condition stressful, and its easy to understand why. Urinary urgency that triggers a frantic hunt for a bathroom will jangle even the most relaxed fellow, and nighttime urination that interrupts sleep can only add to mental distress. […] BPH progresses over the course of a mans later years. But lifelong stress did not appear to stimulate growth of the prostate. If anything, men who reported high levels of total lifetime stress tended to have slightly smaller glands than their more placid peers. Recent stress was another matter. Men who reported high levels of recent stress had more difficulty emptying their bladders than men who had not experienced recent stress. And hostility appeared to exacerbate the effects of recent stress; men with both factors had the largest post-voiding residual urine volumes.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  Clinicians should consider assessment of prostate size and shape via transrectal or abdominal ultrasound, cystoscopy, or cross-sectional imaging (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]/ computed tomography [CT]) if such studies are available, prior to intervention for LUTS/BPH. […] 5-ARIs alone or in combination with alpha blockers are recommended as a treatment option to prevent progression of LUTS/BPH and/or reduce the risks of urinary retention and need for future prostate-related surgery. […] 5-ARI monotherapy should be used as a treatment option in patients with LUTS/BPH with prostatic enlargement as judged by a prostate volume of 30g on imaging, a prostate specific antigen (PSA) 1.5ng/mL, or palpable prostate enlargement on digital rectal exam (DRE). […] 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitor (5-ARI) is a treatment option to reduce intraoperative bleeding and peri- or postoperative need for blood transfusion after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or other surgical intervention for BPH. […] Clinicians should inform patients of the possibility of treatment failure and the need for additional or secondary treatments when considering surgical and minimally-invasive treatments for LUTS/BPH.

• #2 Stress and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Harvard Health

  https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/stress-and-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-20090929192

  The men whose diastolic blood pressure showed the strongest reactivity to mental stress also reported the most severe BPH symptoms, and they also retained the largest amounts of urine after voiding. High stress hormone reactivity was also associated with high scores on questions about the impact of symptoms. […] Stress may aggravate the symptoms of BPH and having BPH can be plenty stressful on its own.

• #2 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland grows larger than normal, but the growth is not caused by cancer. […] BPH often occurs late in the second growth phase. […] BPH is the most common prostate problem in men older than age 50. […] If you have BPH, you may have trouble starting a urine stream or emptying your bladder, a weak or interrupted urine stream, or dribbling at the end of urination, nocturia, urinary urgency, urinary frequency, and pain during urination. […] BPH symptoms or difficulty urinating may not be directly related to the size of your prostate. […] You should discuss any urinary symptoms with a health care professional. […] An enlarged prostate can cause problems with emptying your bladder. […] Other complications can include blood in your urine, called hematuria, urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney disease, and bladder stones.

• #2 BPH: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications

  https://www.healthline.com/health/enlarged-prostate

  As you age, your prostate gland can become enlarged, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH occurs when the cells of the prostate gland begin to multiply. These additional cells cause your prostate gland to swell, which squeezes the urethra and limits urine flow. […] The symptoms of BPH are often very mild at first, but they become more serious if they aren’t treated. Common symptoms include: incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia, which is the need to urinate two or more times per night, dribbling at the end of your urinary stream, incontinence, or leakage of urine, straining when urinating, a weak urinary stream, a sudden urge to urinate, a slowed or delayed urinary stream, painful urination, blood in the urine. […] The symptoms of BPH can be easy to ignore. However, early treatment can help you avoid potentially dangerous complications. People with a long-standing history of BPH may develop: urinary tract infections, urinary stones, kidney damage, bleeding in the urinary tract, a sudden inability to urinate. […] Sometimes, urinary obstruction from BPH is so severe that no urine can leave the bladder at all. This is called bladder outlet obstruction. It can be dangerous because urine trapped in the bladder can cause urinary tract infections and damage your kidneys.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  BPH is not life-threatening, but it can be bothersome. There are also some complications that can occur. These include: Inability to urinate, Incontinence, Blood in the urine, Urinary tract infections, Bladder or kidney damage, Bladder stones. […] Some men have urinary symptoms that are not related to BPH. They could be the signs of a more serious condition, including prostate cancer. See your doctor right away if you notice any of the following symptoms: Complete inability to urinate, Painful, urgent, and frequent need to urinate, Blood in your urine, Pain in the lower abdomen and/or urinary tract, Fever or chills along with any of the above symptoms.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Stony Brook Medicine

  https://www.stonybrookmedicine.edu/patientcare/urology/common_problems/benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

  Normal prostate enlargement is referred to as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). BPH can interfere with the normal flow of urine and cause uncomfortable symptoms. […] When BPH interferes with urine flow, the following symptoms may occur: A need to urinate often (especially disturbing at night), A weak urinary flow, dribbling of urine, A feeling that bladder is full, even right after urinating, A feeling of delay or hesitation when you start to urinate, A feeling that you must urinate right away, Continuing pain in the lower back, pelvis or upper thighs. […] The symptoms caused by BPH affect the urethra and eventually the bladder. In the early phase of prostate enlargement, the bladder muscle contracts more forcefully to force urine through the narrowed urethra. Over time, the forceful contraction causes the bladder muscle to strengthen, thicken, and become overly sensitive.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Stony Brook Medicine

  https://www.stonybrookmedicine.edu/patientcare/urology/common_problems/benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

  Incomplete emptying of the bladder may lead to urinary track infections (UTI). If a UTI develops, burning and/or pain during urination is experienced. Recurrent UTIs, the sudden inability to urinate, or gradual bladder and/or kidney damage occur in a small percentage of men with BPH. An enlarged prostate can even result in total blockage of the urethra, which is a very serious condition. […] Men with mild symptoms of BPH rarely find a need to modify their daily activities. However, as symptoms progress, some men experience differing social consequences. They are forced to stay close to a bathroom, reserve seats on the aisle, wear dark clothing to conceal leakage, nap frequently to make up for loss of sleep at night, and curtail social activities. These adjustments can make a significant differences in your lifestyle.

• #2 BPH Symptoms, Risk, and Diagnosis | Saint John’s Cancer Institute

  https://www.saintjohnscancer.org/urology/conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/

  Feeling that the bladder is full, even right after urinating […] Urinating often […] Feeling that urinating cant wait […] Weak urine flow […] Dribbling of urine […] The need to stop and start urinating several times […] Trouble starting to urinate […] The need to push or strain to urinate […] Getting up at night to urinate more than 2 times.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Prostate Matters

  https://prostatematters.co.nz/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) relates to an enlarged prostate which is not cancerous, but which may cause bothersome problems with the waterworks or lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) thanks to the resultant obstruction to the flow of urine out of the bladder. […] It may result in bothersome symptoms in approximately 50 percent of men between the ages of 51 and 60 and up to 90 percent of men over the age of 80. […] Typical symptoms include difficulty in passing water, having to go to the toilet frequently or urgently, having to get up several times during the night, dribbling at the end of urinary flow and sometimes incontinence. […] The symptoms can impact on quality of life causing embarrassment, tiredness and limitations to the activities one can undertake. […] Furthermore, it may also result in the sudden and often painful inability to pass urine (acute urinary retention) leading to emergency hospital attendance and the siting of a drainage tube down the water pipe (urethra) into the bladder (a catheter). […] It should be noted that symptoms such as frequently passing urine and getting up at night can be caused by a number of different problems in addition to BPH so it is important to discuss these with your doctor.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – The Urology Foundation

  https://www.theurologyfoundation.org/urology-health/prostate-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  Many men will experience trouble urinating properly as they age. An enlarged prostate, medically known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), is a common cause of this. […] Around 40% of men over 60 have lower urinary tract symptoms due to an enlarged prostate, and quality of life is impaired in around half of these men. […] Other possible symptoms include the need to urinate frequently but a weaker, more hesitant flow while urinating. […] Symptoms may include: Peeing more often, needing to pee urgently or leaking, waking up at night to pee. […] Feeling like your bladder doesn’t completely empty. […] Problems with the flow of your urine. […] You may have problems with erections.

• #2 Review and update of benign prostatic hyperplasia in general practice

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/july/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumour in men. […] It is common for men to present to a general practitioner (GP) with symptoms suggestive of bladder outflow obstruction, which is often due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the histological cause of BPE, which often results in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to voiding, storage or post-micturition. […] Management of LUTS due to BPE depends on symptom severity or complicating factors and includes observation (for men with minimal symptoms), medical therapy, minimally invasive surgical procedures, endoscopic prostatectomy and, occasionally, abdominopelvic surgery for very large prostates. […] International guidelines highlight the importance of determining the severity of LUTS and identifying complicating factors such as urinary retention, macroscopic haematuria, urinary tract infection (UTI) or a personal or family history of prostate cancer.

• #2 Common Questions About the Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1201/p769.html

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition that increases in prevalence with age. […] BPH can present as lower urinary tract symptoms such as incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittency, urgency, weak stream, straining, or nocturia. […] BPH severity is assessed using validated, self-administered symptom questionnaires such as the American Urological Association Symptom Index or International Prostate Symptom Score. […] Mild or nonbothersome symptoms do not require treatment. Bothersome symptoms are managed with lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. […] Alpha blockers are first-line medications for BPH. […] The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases with age. […] Patients with BPH and bothersome, moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms should be referred for surgical consultation if BPH-related complications develop, medical therapy fails, or the patient chooses it.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histologic diagnosis that refers to the proliferation of smooth muscle and epithelial cells within the prostatic transition zone. The prevalence and the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the aging male can be progressive and is an important diagnosis in the healthcare of patients and the welfare of society. […] In the management of bothersome LUTS, it is important that healthcare providers recognize the complex dynamics of the bladder, bladder neck, prostate, and urethra. Further, symptoms may result from interactions of these organs as well as with the central nervous system or other systemic diseases (e.g., metabolic syndrome, congestive heart failure). Despite the more prevalent (and generally first line) use of medical therapy for men suffering from LUTS attributed to BPH (LUTS/BPH), there remain clinical scenarios where surgery is indicated as the initial intervention for LUTS/BPH and should be recommended, providing other medical comorbidities do not preclude this approach.

• #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20370093

  Your health care provider likely will start by asking questions about your symptoms. […] BPH is a fancy way of saying the prostate is getting larger, and we don’t want it to. […] The enlarged prostate forces the urethra to narrow, causing a variety of urination problems. And as men age, the symptoms occur more frequently. […] If your symptoms don’t get in the way of your life, you might decide to put off treatment. Instead, you could wait to see if your symptoms change or get worse. For some people, symptoms of BPH can ease without treatment. […] Taking medicine is the most common treatment for mild to moderate symptoms of an enlarged prostate. […] Surgery or other procedures might help with BPH symptoms if you: Don’t get enough relief from medicines. […] Any type of prostate procedure can cause side effects.

• #2 Review and update of benign prostatic hyperplasia in general practice

  https://www1.racgp.org.au/ajgp/2018/july/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  The aim of physical examination is to exclude a palpable bladder as well as phimosis, meatal stenosis or other pathology, including balanitis. […] Treatment is mostly determined by bother of symptoms, effect on QoL or whether any complicating features are identified. […] Men with bothersome symptoms in the absence of complicating factors are appropriate candidates for a trial of medical therapy. […] Monotherapy is usually initiated with an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. […] Since 2016, tamsulosin plus dutasteride has been available to GPs to prescribe as a combined formulation without specialist approval. […] Overall, combination therapy was superior to either alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist or 5-ARI therapy alone in improving LUTS and reducing progression. […] Surgery is recommended for men who are bothered by symptoms and fail to respond to medical management or have complications such as hydronephrosis, recurrent UTIs, progressive deterioration of residual volume, macroscopic haematuria or very poor maximum velocity on uroflow studies.

• #2 Common Questions About the Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/1201/p769.html

  Mild symptoms (AUA-SI score of 0 to 7) as well as nonbothersome moderate (8 to 19) to severe (20 to 35) symptoms require no treatment. Individuals bothered by moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms can be treated with lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. […] Assessing BPH severity is important because it guides management decisions. […] The AUA-SI has been validated as a clinical tool and may be used throughout management. […] The decision to order a PSA measurement should be individualized after discussing with the patient the risks of false-positive and false-negative results, as well as the possible need for biopsy. […] The AUA recommends surgery if medical therapy fails or the patient develops BPH-related complications, such as bladder calculi, bladder decompensation (decreased detrusor contractions), hematuria (gross and microscopic), recurrent urinary tract infections, renal insufficiency, and urinary retention.

• #2 Enlarged prostate

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/

  If your symptoms get worse you may need medicines or surgery. […] If you have moderate or severe symptoms you may be offered medicines for an enlarged prostate, including: medicines that help you to pee, such as tamsulosin, doxazosin or alfuzosin; medicines that help with needing to pee more often or more urgently, such as oxybutynin or tolterodine; medicines that help stop your prostate growing, by reducing hormone levels, if you’re at high risk of your condition getting worse, such as finasteride or dutasteride. […] You might be offered surgery if medicines have not helped, or your symptoms are severe. […] The most common surgery you may be offered for an enlarged prostate is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This involves removing part of your prostate through a thin tube that’s passed up your penis to your prostate.

• #2 Enlarged Prostate Gland (BPH) | Froedtert & MCW

  https://www.froedtert.com/mens-reproductive-sexual-health/enlarged-prostate-bph

  PAE is an option for some men who have moderate to severe BPH. This low-risk procedure is successful for most of the men who have it. […] HoLEP provides a lasting solution for men of any age who have obstructed urinary flow caused by an enlarged prostate, especially those with prostate glands larger than 60 grams. […] TURP is has been considered the gold standard of surgical treatment for BPH for decades. It does not involve external incisions; the procedure is performed internally to remove excess prostate tissue blocking the urethra. TURP is very effective and can relieve prostate symptoms permanently. […] Urolift (prostate urethral lift) is a minimally invasive procedure for BPH that does not involve removal of prostate tissue. […] Rezum removes overgrowth of prostate gland tissue using steam. Your doctor may recommend this procedure if you prefer not to take medications for urinary symptoms.

• #2 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Spokane, WA: Spokane Urology

  https://www.spokaneurology.com/contents/services/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-new

  If you suffer from the above symptoms, you are not alone. BPH is the leading reason men visit a urologist. These symptoms indicate varying degrees of bladder dysfunction, and should alert men to seek treatment to help preserve bladder health and lower the risk of long term complications. […] You can measure the severity of your BPH symptoms by taking the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire. […] If medications and lifestyle changes dont yield the desired results or you have bothersome side effects from the medications, there are surgical procedures that can help. Surgery can also be used to either avoid medications or get patients off medication if they prefer. […] A specialist at Spokane Urology can discuss the range of procedure options available, including a minimally invasive treatment called UroLift, which uses tiny implants to hold the prostate open to improve the flow of urine. Other options include removing part of your prostate or reducing its size using electrical energy, laser energy, or radiofrequency energy. In some cases when the prostate is massively enlarged, a laparoscopic procedure may be necessary to remove the obstructing part of the prostate. […] If your diagnostic exam and subsequent testing reveal your symptoms are due to an enlarged prostate gland, your Spokane Urology provider will discuss the details of all the available treatment options.

• #2 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  You may need surgery to remove part or all of your prostate if your medicines do not help, your symptoms are severe or bother you, or you develop complications. […] Removing some or all of your prostate can relieve symptoms but may not cure BPH. […] You may need more treatment if your prostate problems, including BPH, return.

• #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/prostate/what-is-prostate-cancer/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate caused by an overgrowth of cells (called hyperplasia) in the prostate. […] BPH is a non-cancerous (benign) condition of the prostate. Non-cancerous conditions don’t spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body and are not usually life-threatening. BPH doesn’t increase the risk of prostate cancer and it isn’t considered a health problem unless it causes symptoms. […] By age 70, almost all men will have some prostate enlargement. […] Men with BPH may not have any signs or symptoms. If signs and symptoms develop, they most often happen in those older than 50. […] Signs and symptoms of BPH start when the enlarged prostate puts pressure on the urethra and bladder. This can narrow (constrict) or block the urethra, which can cause changes in bladder habits and problems urinating (peeing).

• #2 Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate | Georgia Prostateclosechevron-downtwitterfacebookbarslinkedinyoutube-playinstagram

  https://www.gaprostate.com/bph-symptoms/

  Difficulty Starting and Stopping Urination. Another symptom of BPH is difficulty initiating and stopping the flow of urine. The inability to fully manage urination can be frustrating and may require additional effort to fully empty the bladder. […] Incomplete Emptying of the Bladder. The enlarged prostate can restrict urine flow, leading to a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder even after urination. […] Dribbling at the End of Urination. BPH can also cause dribbling or leakage of urine at the end of urination. The inability to fully cease urine flow occurs because the enlarged prostate obstructs the urethra, preventing the bladder from fully emptying. […] Symptoms of an enlarged prostate can mimic those of other disorders, including prostatitis or cancer. Urinary changes are the main enlarged prostate symptoms. Pain, on the other hand, is often a symptom of another underlying disorder.

• #2 Enlarged Prostate (BPH) – Diagnosis and Treatment

  https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info/bph

  Early diagnosis of BPH is important because for some patients it can lead to urinary tract infections, bladder or kidney damage, bladder stones and incontinence when left untreated. Distinguishing BPH from more serious diseases like prostate cancer is important. […] In some cases, in particular where symptoms are mild, BPH requires no treatment. At the opposite extreme, some men require immediate intervention if they cannot urinate at all or if kidney/bladder damage has occurred. When treatment is necessary, many men will simply require daily medication(s). If this fails to completely treat the symptoms, or if there are signs of damage from BPH, the doctor may recommend minimally invasive surgery (no „cuts” into the abdomen). Or, in some cases, traditional surgery may be recommended.

• #3 Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0515/p1403.html

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition affecting older men. Typical presenting symptoms include urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections. […] The most common lower urinary tract symptoms are hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, and incontinence. BPH may also be complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections or bladder stones. […] The prevalence of BPH increases with age. One study suggests that the prevalence is 20 percent in 40-year-old men and increases to 90 percent in men in their seventies. […] It is estimated that one half of all men with histologic BPH experience moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms. […] Acute urinary retention (the complete inability to void), which requires urgent bladder catheterization, is uncommon with an annual risk of less than 1 percent; irreversible renal insufficiency is rare.

• #3 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-overview

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy, is a histologic diagnosis characterized by proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate, leading to an enlarged prostate gland. Chronic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to BPH may lead to urinary retention, impaired kidney function, recurrent urinary tract infections, gross hematuria, and bladder calculi. […] When the prostate enlarges, it may constrict the flow of urine. Nerves within the prostate and bladder may also play a role in causing the following common symptoms: Urinary frequency, Urinary urgency, Nocturia- Needing to get up frequently at night to urinate, Hesitancy – Difficulty initiating the urinary stream; interrupted, weak stream, Incomplete bladder emptying – The feeling of persistent residual urine, regardless of the frequency of urination, Straining – The need strain or push (Valsalva maneuver) to initiate and maintain urination in order to more fully empty the bladder, Decreased force of stream – The subjective loss of force of the urinary stream over time, Dribbling – The loss of small amounts of urine due to a poor urinary stream as well as weak urinary stream.

• #3 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  The size of the prostate does not indicate the severity of the symptoms. BPH patients with slightly enlarged prostates can develop severe symptoms whereas those with extremely enlarged prostates may have mild symptoms. Some may have stable symptoms that can improve on their own. […] Seek medical attention when you experience urination problems with the above symptoms, even though they are not severe. BPH can lead to obstruction of the urinary tract. If you cannot pass the urine, seek immediate medical care.

• #3 Enlarged prostate: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000381.htm

  An enlarged prostate is often called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is not cancer, and it does not raise your risk for prostate cancer. […] Less than half of all men with BPH have symptoms of the disease. Symptoms may include: Dribbling at the end of urinating, inability to urinate (urinary retention), incomplete emptying of your bladder, incontinence, needing to urinate 2 or more times per night, pain with urination or bloody urine (these may indicate infection), slowed or delayed start of the urinary stream, straining to urinate, strong and sudden urge to urinate, weak urine stream. […] If you have BPH, you should have a yearly assessment to monitor your symptoms and see if you need changes in treatment. […] Men who have had BPH for long time with slowly worsening symptoms may develop: sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention), urinary tract infections, urinary stones, damage to the kidneys, blood in the urine. […] BPH may come back over time, even after having surgery.

• #3 Enlarged Prostate | BPH | Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/enlargedprostatebph.html

  An enlarged prostate is when your prostate gland becomes larger than normal. It’s also called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH for short. Benign means not cancer. And hyperplasia means too much cell growth. BPH isn’t cancer and it doesn’t increase your risk of getting prostate cancer. […] As the prostate gets bigger, it may press against the bladder and pinch the urethra. This can slow or block the flow of urine out of your bladder. […] Symptoms of BPH include: Having a frequent or urgent need to urinate, Waking up many times to urinate, Having problems with urine flow, such as: Trouble starting to urinate, A stream that’s weak, slow, or stops and starts, Dribbling after urination, Urinary incontinence, Feeling that you can’t completely empty your bladder, Pain after ejaculation or during urination, Urine with an unusual color or smell.

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