Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia or hypertrophy (BPH) is a gradual enlargement of the prostate gland (hyperplasia) due to an increase in the size of the cells (hypertrophy). The breakdown of the balance between cellular proliferation and cell death results in excess prostate cells, causing BPH. […] BPH is very common, affecting half of men by age 60. As men age, the prostate grows. The urethra runs through the prostate gland, so it becomes partially or completely blocked due to enlargement pressure, which results in difficulty urinating. If untreated, it may lead to kidney or bladder complications. […] The nurse must understand how to care for the patient hospitalized for surgical procedures for BPH, including monitoring urine output and characteristics, catheter care, and discharge instructions.

• #2 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a health issue that becomes more common with age. It’s also called an enlarged prostate. The prostate is a small gland that helps make semen. It’s found just below the bladder. And it often gets bigger as you get older. […] An enlarged prostate can cause symptoms that may bother you, such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder. It also can cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems. […] Many treatments can help BPH. These include medicines, surgery and other procedures. Your health care provider can help you choose. The right option depends on things such as: Your symptoms. The size of your prostate. Other health problems you might have. […] Talk to your health care provider about your symptoms, even if they don’t bother you. It’s important to find out if there are any causes that could be treated. Without treatment, the risk of a dangerous blockage of the urinary tract can rise.

• #3 Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2008/0515/p1403.html

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition affecting older men. Typical presenting symptoms include urinary hesitancy, weak stream, nocturia, incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections. […] The initial evaluation should assess the frequency and severity of symptoms and the impact of symptoms on the patient’s quality of life. […] For men with mild symptoms, watchful waiting with annual reassessment is appropriate. Over the past decade, numerous medical and surgical interventions have been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Alpha blockers improve symptoms relatively quickly. […] The prevalence of BPH increases with age. One study suggests that the prevalence is 20 percent in 40-year-old men and increases to 90 percent in men in their seventies.

• #4 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9100-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) causes your prostate to increase in size. Its the most common prostate problem among males, affecting almost all of them as they age. Symptoms include difficulty peeing and a sudden need to pee. Treatment includes medications, surgery and minimally invasive procedures. […] BPH is the most common prostate problem among males. Almost all people with a prostate will develop some enlargement in their prostates as they grow older. […] Without treatment, BPH can cause further blockage in your urethra, and your symptoms may worsen. It may also cause urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder stones, blood in your pee (hematuria), and kidney damage due to pee backflow from your bladder up to your kidney. […] There isnt a cure for BPH. However, treatment options are available to help alleviate your symptoms.

• #5 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Assoc. Urological Specialists

  https://auspecialists.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlargement of the prostate gland. It commonly occurs as men age. It can contribute to bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). […] BPH most often occurs during this second growth phase. […] As the prostate enlarges, it presses against the urethra. […] Narrowing of the urethra and urinary retention being unable to empty the bladder fully cause many of the problems of BPH. […] BPH is benign. This means it is not cancer. It does not cause or lead to cancer. However, BPH and cancer can happen at the same time. […] About half of all men between ages 51 and 60 have BPH. Up to 90% of men over age 80 have it. […] BPH can cause a variety of bothersome urinary symptoms including slow urinary stream, difficulty getting started (hesitancy), incomplete bladder emptying, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, waking up at night to urinate (nocturia), and occasionally urinary dribbling or incontinence. […] A detailed medical history including surveys such as the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Score are the most important diagnostic tool. […] If these tests are non-conclusive or if surgery is planned to treat BPH, urodynamics, cystoscopy, or prostate ultrasound may be utilized.

• #6 6 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-care-plans/

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hypertrophy is characterized by progressive enlargement of the prostate gland (commonly seen in men older than age 50), causing varying degrees of urethral obstruction and restriction of urinary flow. Depending on the size of the enlarged prostate, the age and health of the patient, and the extent of obstruction, BPH is treated symptomatically or surgically. […] Nursing care for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia includes promoting pain relief, relieving urinary retention, preventing and managing complications such as urinary tract infections, monitoring for urinary retention and renal dysfunction, and preparing and supporting the patient through surgical interventions if required. […] The following are the nursing priorities for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy: Assessment of urinary symptoms and urinary flow, Monitoring and management of bladder emptying, Promotion of urinary continence, Pain management, Collaboration with the healthcare team for diagnostic tests and treatment options, Education on lifestyle modifications and self-care strategies, Preparation and support for surgical interventions, if necessary.

• #7 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Nursing Care Management: Study Guide

  https://nurseslabs.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/

  Learn about the nursing care management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in this nursing study guide. […] Nursing management of a patient with BPH includes the following: […] Nursing assessment focuses on the health history of the patient. […] Based on the assessment data, the appropriate nursing diagnoses for a patient with BPH are: […] The goals for a patient with BPH include: […] Preoperative and postoperative nursing interventions for a patient with BPH are as follows: […] The patient and the family require instructions about how to promote recovery. […] The focus of the documentation in a patient with BPH includes:

• #8 Nursing Care for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/bph/

  Complications of BPH include: Acute urinary retention, Urinary tract infection (UTI), Bladder stones, Renal failure due to hydronephrosis, Thickening of the bladder wall, which leads to weakening and an inability to empty fully. […] The signs and symptoms of BPH are generally focused on urinary issues. However, it’s important to note that in some cases, BPH can be asymptomatic, especially in the early stages. The urinary symptoms can be categorized into storage issues and emptying or voiding issues. […] The main assessments for BPH are going to be around the patient’s urinary habits, history and current symptoms. […] Assess for hematuria, which can be due to congested vessels in the prostate or bladder. Note that hematuria could be a sign of a more serious condition, such as cancer. […] Assess for urinary retention by using a bladder scanner to assess the volume of urine in the bladder. You can also assess for abdominal distention which indicates bladder distention is present.

• #9 Nursing Care for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/bph/

  Assess for post-void residual (PVR) after the patient voids. You can do this with a bladder scanner, or by performing a straight cath procedure. A PVR of less than 50 ml indicates adequate bladder emptying, while a PVR above 200 ml is considered abnormal. […] The first line treatment for BPH is lifestyle modification which includes things like limiting fluids before bed, limiting caffeine and alcohol intake, and limiting foods or beverages that irritate the bladder (such as spicy foods). The patient will also be encouraged to increase activity and maintain a healthy weight. […] Other simple things the patient can do to manage BPH symptoms are Kegel exercises, timed voiding and double voiding. […] The two main types of medications used for BPH are alpha-adrenergic blockers and androgen inhibitors.

• #10 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Improved Urinary Function: Enhance urinary flow and reduce obstructive symptoms to achieve more efficient and comfortable voiding for the patient. […] Prevention of Complications: Prevent complications associated with BPH, such as acute urinary retention, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and renal damage, through proactive management and early intervention. […] Patient Education and Empowerment: Educate the patient about BPH, its management, and the importance of adherence to medications and lifestyle modifications. Empower the patient to actively participate in their care and make informed decisions. […] Assess for bladder distention to suggest fluid retention. […] Observe for signs of hypertension and infection. Urinary retention may lead to infection which can be evidenced by fever. Fluid retention puts stress on the kidneys and heart and may increase blood pressure and heart rate.

• #11 Nursing Care Plan (NCP) for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Free NURSING.com Courses

  https://nursing.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Monitor frequency of urination and volume, paying attention to characteristics of urine. Dark, malodorous or bloody urine may indicate further complications. […] Recommend 3000 mL fluid daily to promote flushing and circulation of fluid through kidneys, bladder and ureters. […] Administer medications and educate patient of proper use. […] Alpha-adrenergic antagonists (tamsulosin) relaxes the smooth muscle of the prostate to allow optimal urine flow. […] Nutrition and lifestyle education: Excess weight can affect the hormone balance in the body. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help lower the risk of developing BPH.

• #12 BPH: Nursing Diagnosis [+ Free Cheat Sheet] | Lecturio

  https://www.lecturio.com/nursing/free-cheat-sheet/bph-nursing-diagnosis/

  Benign prostatic hypertrophy refers to the noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, a common condition especially in older men. Nurses play a pivotal role in monitoring urinary patterns, administering medications, educating patients on self-care, and identifying complications. […] Potential nursing diagnoses for benign prostatic hypertrophy include: Impaired urinary elimination, Acute pain related to bladder distention or catheter placement, Risk for infection related to urinary retention. […] Interventions addressing nursing diagnoses: Impaired urinary elimination: monitor frequency, amount, presence of blood in urine; encourage patient to void at regular intervals and when urge is felt; teach client to avoid fluids before bed and instruct on double-voiding. Acute pain: prescribed analgesics, monitor for bladder distention and catheter blockage. Risk for infection: maintain closed urinary drainage system if catheter is present; teach the patient proper perineal hygiene; encourage adequate fluid intake; monitor for signs of infection.

• #13 6 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-care-plans/

  Therapeutic interventions and nursing actions for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy may include: Managing Urinary Retention, Providing Acute Pain Relief and Pain Management, Promoting Optimal Fluid Balance, Reducing Anxiety and Providing Emotional Support, Initiating Health Teachings and Patient Education, Administering Medications and Pharmacologic Support. […] Urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is typically due to mechanical obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate, which makes it difficult for urine to flow through the urethra. […] Acute pain in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can be caused by a variety of factors, including mucosal irritation from the catheterization procedure used to relieve urinary obstruction, bladder distention due to incomplete emptying of the bladder, renal colic from the presence of kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and radiation therapy used to treat the condition.

• #14 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Catheter care is essential for patients with intermittent bladder or suprapubic catheters to relieve symptoms or monitor urine output. […] Following TURP, CBI is performed to decrease blood clots in the bladder and maintain the flow and patency of urine after surgery. The nurse titrates the flow of saline into the bladder to keep the urine light pink to clear. […] Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia have an enlarged prostate, which compresses the urethra and interferes with urinating. However, once the obstruction is removed, patients with BPH are at risk for deficient fluid volume due to post-obstructive diuresis, increasing the urine output and possibly causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. […] Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia risk developing urinary tract injury from the mechanism of prostate enlargement, compressing the urethra, and blocking urine flow. Complications may arise, such as infections or calculi, increasing the risk of injury. The patient may also require catheterization, which can cause urethral injury. […] Urinary retention and associated symptoms are expected findings with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

• #15 8.12 Benign Prostate Hypertrophy – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/8-12-benign-prostate-hypertrophy/

  Nursing diagnoses for clients with BPH focus on managing urinary retention and preventing urinary tract infection. Common nursing diagnoses include the following: Impaired Urinary Elimination, Urinary Retention, Risk for Infection, Disturbed Sleep Pattern, Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge. […] Outcome identification includes setting short- and long-term goals and creating expected outcome statements customized for the clients specific needs. Expected outcomes are statements of measurable action for the client within a specific time frame that are responsive to nursing interventions. Examples of expected outcomes for clients with BPH are as follows: The client will verbalize three methods to manage urinary retention by the end of the teaching session. By the end of the teaching session, the client will verbalize symptoms of urinary tract infection to promptly report to the health care provider. The client will remain free from urinary tract injury caused by urinary retention.

• #16 6 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-care-plans/

  Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may experience fear and anxiety related to the surgical procedure used to treat the condition, which can be a major intervention involving general anesthesia and potential complications. […] Patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may have insufficient knowledge about the condition due to a lack of familiarity with the relevant information, such as the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options. […] Medications used for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) primarily consist of alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors to improve urinary symptoms and reduce prostate gland enlargement.

• #17 BPH Medications Practice Questions & NCLEX Reviewplay-sharp-fill

  https://simplenursing.com/bph-medications-nclex-practice-questions-review/

  This procedure can be less invasive but requires a surgical instrument inserted directly through the urethra to remove the prostate. […] A three-way Foley catheter is used for continuous bladder irrigation. This gives pressure to bleeding tissue & allows urine drainage. The three-way Foley catheter irrigation will be used until the bleeding has decreased and healing has begun. […] Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that affects the prostate gland and can cause urinary problems. The prostate becomes enlarged with age, which causes frequent urination and difficulty starting to urinate. […] Several medications can help reduce the symptoms of BPH. These include Bethanechol, Finasteride, Terazosin, and Tamsulosin.

• #18 6 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Nursing Care Plans – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-care-plans/

  Goals and expected outcomes may include: The client will void in sufficient amounts with no palpable bladder distension, The client will demonstrate postvoid residuals of less than 50 mL, with the absence of dribbling/overflow, The client will report relief and control of pain, The client will appear relaxed, The client will be able to sleep/rest appropriately, The client will maintain adequate hydration as evidenced by stable vital signs, palpable peripheral pulses, good capillary refill, and moist mucous membranes, The client will verbalize accurate knowledge of the situation, The client will demonstrate an appropriate range of feelings and lessened fear, The client’s anxiety is reduced to a manageable level, The client will verbalize understanding of the disease process/prognosis and potential complications, The client will verbalize understanding of therapeutic needs, The client will initiate necessary lifestyle/behavior changes.

• #19

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1335453&Journal_ID=54016&Issue_ID=1335379

  Right after surgery, you’ll have a catheter in your penis for a few days to help you urinate. […] Don’t let your bladder get too full. Urinate when you feel the urge, but try to go at least every 2 to 3 hours. […] Don’t drink too much alcohol or drinks containing caffeine, which may irritate your bladder. […] Don’t drink anything for an hour or two before bedtime so you don’t have to wake up to go to the bathroom. […] Don’t take over-the-counter medicines without checking with your healthcare provider. Some medicines, such as decongestants and antihistamines, make urinating difficult. […] Try to do some form of exercise, for 30 minutes a day.

• #20 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-care-instructions.uf7772

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, is an enlarged prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland that makes some of the fluid in semen. Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they age. It is usually not serious. BPH does not cause prostate cancer. […] You do not need treatment unless your symptoms bother you a lot or you have other problems, such as bladder infections or stones. In these cases, medicines may help. Surgery is not needed unless the urine flow is blocked or the symptoms do not get better with medicine. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Many over-the-counter cold and allergy medicines can make the symptoms of BPH worse. Avoid antihistamines, decongestants, and allergy pills, if you can. Read the warnings on the package. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if: It hurts when you ejaculate. Your urinary problems get a lot worse or bother you a lot.

• #21 Patient education: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-beyond-the-basics

  All patients with BPH should avoid medicines that can worsen symptoms or cause urinary retention. These include certain antihistamines (such as diphenhydramine [Benadryl]) and decongestants (eg, pseudoephedrine, found in some cold medicines). […] The types of medicine used to treat BPH include alpha blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and alpha-reductase inhibitors. […] Alpha blockers — These medications relax the muscle of the prostate and bladder neck, which allows urine to flow more easily. […] Alpha-reductase inhibitors — Alpha-reductase inhibitors (also known as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors or ARIs) are medicines that can stop the prostate from growing further or even cause it to shrink. […] A combination of an alpha blocker and an alpha-reductase inhibitor might be recommended for certain men.

• #22 Nursing Care for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Straight A Nursing

  https://straightanursingstudent.com/bph/

  The surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia is a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In this procedure, the prostate is accessed via a resectoscope inserted through the urethra. […] After the procedure, monitor the patient’s urine output very closely to assess for volume and color. Initially the urine will be reddish and become lighter in color as bleeding from surgery resolves. […] A key component of your teaching will be around the behavior and lifestyle modifications for BPH. These include: Teach the patient to keep a 3-day record that tracks when they void and their fluid intake. […] Teach the patient how to perform Kegel exercises. […] Teach the patient how to utilize timed voiding to help prevent incontinence and double voiding to reduce the volume of urine left in the bladder after urinating. […] Instruct the patient to limit fluids before bed, limiting caffeine and alcohol intake, and limiting foods or beverages that irritate the bladder (such as spicy foods). […] Inform the patient that physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight are important lifestyle modifications for BPH.

• #23 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/b/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph.html

  Dietary factors. Stay away from or reduce the amount of alcohol, coffee, and other fluids. This is especially important after dinner. A higher risk for BPH has been linked to a diet high in zinc, butter, and margarine. Eating a healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables may also help. […] Don’t use medicines that make symptoms worse. Decongestants and antihistamines can slow urine flow in some men with BPH. Some antidepressants and diuretics can also make symptoms worse. Talk with your healthcare provider if you are taking any of these medicines. […] Kegel exercises. Repeated tightening and releasing the pelvic muscles is called Kegel exercises. These can help prevent leaking urine. Practice these exercises while urinating to train the specific muscle. To do Kegels, contract the muscle until the flow of urine decreases or stops. Then release the muscle.

• #24 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Nursing Diagnoses, Care Plans, Assessment & Interventions | NurseTogether

  https://www.nursetogether.com/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-nursing-diagnosis-care-plan/

  Nursing interventions and care are essential for the patients recovery. In the following section, you will learn more about possible nursing interventions for a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia. […] There are several treatments available for BPH. Patients with mild or no symptoms may only need a wait and watch approach with lifestyle modifications like avoiding fluids before bedtime. […] The most common medications prescribed for BPH are the following: Alpha-blockers (doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (dutasteride, finasteride), Combination therapy (alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors at the same time), Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (tadalafil). […] Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is the gold standard for treating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) caused by BPH.

• #25 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment | MedPark Hospital

  https://www.medparkhospital.com/en-US/disease-and-treatment/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  BPH treatments include medications and minimally invasive surgery. However, your most suitable treatment option depends on several factors, such as: The size of your prostate, Your age, Your health condition, The severity of your symptoms. […] Alpha-blockers: Help relax the bladder neck, and prostate muscles, facilitating urination. They include alfuzosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, and silodosin. These medications work better for men with a relatively small prostate. However, side effects are dizziness and retrograde ejaculation, which is harmless. […] 5-alpha reductase inhibitors: These medications can shrink the size of the prostate by preventing hormonal change, which causes prostate growth. These medications are finasteride and dutasteride, requiring around six months for a noticeable outcome. The side effect is low sexual desire.

• #26 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | UCSF Department of Urology

  https://urology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/adult-non-cancer/endourology-nephrolithiasis/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  Once you have discussed your concerns with your medical provider, you may be prescribed medications to treat your symptoms. […] These medications help relax the smooth muscle of your prostate, improving the channel that your urine flows through. They do not change the size of the prostate. The most common medication that is prescribed under this category is called tamsulosin. […] These medications help stop the enzymes that convert testosterone into the primary hormone that feeds the prostate. Over time, the prostate will shrink which will improve urinary symptoms. However, it may take 3-6 months to notice any effect. This category of medications work best for those with larger prostate. The most common medication that is prescribed under this category is called finasteride. […] These medications help with both erectile dysfunction and symptoms of BPH by relaxing the smooth muscle fibers of your bladder and prostate. The most common one prescribed is called tadalafil and it is a daily pill.

• #27 Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) – NIDDK

  https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/prostate-problems/enlarged-prostate-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  You may need surgery to remove part or all of your prostate if your medicines do not help, your symptoms are severe or bother you, or you develop complications. […] After surgery, the prostate, urethra, and surrounding areas may be irritated and swollen. […] You may experience complications after BPH surgery, such as difficult or painful urination, temporary urinary incontinence, urgency, or frequency, blood or blood clots in your urine, infection, scar tissue that can form and narrow the urethra or the bladder opening, and sexual problems, including ED, retrograde ejaculation, and infertility. […] Researchers have not found a way to prevent BPH, but being physically active may help reduce your risk. […] Changes in eating, diet, and nutrition could help treat or lessen some of your symptoms.

• #28 8.12 Benign Prostate Hypertrophy – Health Alterations

  https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/healthalts/chapter/8-12-benign-prostate-hypertrophy/

  Nurses reinforce lifestyle modifications to help manage BPH symptoms. Nurses teach clients about signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections and urinary retention. If medications are prescribed, nurses ensure the client understands the purpose of the medications and potential side effects. […] In addition to monitoring for potential postoperative complications that were previously described under the Surgery subsection, nurses also perform urinary catheter care and monitor urine output.

• #29 Benign Prostate Hypertrophy for nursing students | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/benign-prostate-hypertrophy/32475396

  Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs in most men as they age. It results from an increase in the number and size of cells in the prostate and affects around 50% of men by age 50 and 90% of men by age 80. Symptoms include difficulty urinating, frequent urination, urgency, and dribbling. […] Nursing care focuses on restoring urinary drainage, treating any infections, educating patients, and managing complications. […] Nursing management goals include restoration of urinary drainage, treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI), and understanding of procedures. […] Preoperative interventions involve avoiding alcohol and caffeine, advising to urinate every 2-3 hours, and catheterization. […] Postoperative complications may include hemorrhage, bladder spasms, urinary incontinence, and infections. […] After catheter removal, the patient should urinate within 6 hours and practice pelvic floor muscle techniques (Kegel exercises).

• #30 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  Surgery is recommended for patients who have renal insufficiency secondary to BPH, refractory urinary retention secondary to BPH, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), recurrent bladder stones or gross hematuria due to BPH, and/or with LUTS/BPH refractory to or unwilling to use other therapies. […] […] TURP should be offered as a treatment option for patients with LUTS/BPH. Clinicians may use a monopolar or bipolar approach to TURP as a treatment option, depending on their expertise with these techniques. Open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted prostatectomy should be considered as treatment options by clinicians, depending on their expertise with these techniques, only in patients with large to very large prostates. […] […] 5-ARIs alone or in combination with alpha blockers are recommended as a treatment option to prevent progression of LUTS/BPH and/or reduce the risks of urinary retention and need for future prostate-related surgery. Before starting a 5-ARI, clinicians should inform patients of the risks of sexual side effects, certain uncommon physical side effects, and the low risk of prostate cancer. […]

• #31 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Alpha-Blockers, 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-treatment

  Therapeutic options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) include the following: Watchful waiting, Drug therapy (eg, alpha-blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors) for patients with bothersome, moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from BPH, Interventional therapy (eg, transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP]) for patients with moderate-to-severe LUTS and those who have developed acute urinary retention or other complications of BPH. […] Watchful waiting is the recommended strategy for patients with BPH who have mild symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score/American Urological Association Symptom Index [IPSS/AUA-SI] score 7) and for those with moderate-to-severe symptoms (IPSS/AUA-SI score 8) who are not bothered by their symptoms and are not experiencing complications of BPH.

• #32 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia – Men’s Health Issues – MSD Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/benign-prostate-disorders/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Medications that can worsen symptoms, such as opioids, medications with anticholinergic effects (for example, many antihistamines and some antidepressants), and medications called sympathomimetics (including some common cold remedies) should be stopped when possible. […] Medications are usually tried first. Alpha-adrenergic blockers (such as terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, alfuzosin, or silodosin) relax certain muscles of the prostate and bladder outlet and may improve the flow of urine. […] If medications are ineffective, surgery can be done. Surgery offers the greatest relief of symptoms but may cause complications. […] TURP can lead to such complications as infection and bleeding. […] About 10% of men undergoing TURP need the procedure repeated within 10 years because the prostate continues to grow. […] Problems resulting from urine blockage may need treatment before BPH is definitively treated. Urinary retention can be treated by draining the bladder by means of a catheter inserted through the urethra.

• #33 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline – American Urological Association

  https://www.auanet.org/guidelines-and-quality/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)-guideline

  Clinicians should consider assessment of prostate size and shape via transrectal or abdominal ultrasound, cystoscopy, or cross-sectional imaging (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]/ computed tomography [CT]) if such studies are available, prior to intervention for LUTS/BPH. Clinicians should perform a PVR assessment prior to intervention for LUTS/BPH. […] […] Clinicians should inform patients of the possibility of treatment failure and the need for additional or secondary treatments when considering surgical and minimally-invasive treatments for LUTS/BPH. […] […] HoLEP, PVP, and ThuLEP should be considered as treatment options in patients who are at higher risk of bleeding. […] […] WVTT should be considered as a treatment option for patients with LUTS/BPH provided prostate volume 30-80g. […]

• #34 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | UCSF Department of Urology

  https://urology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/adult-non-cancer/endourology-nephrolithiasis/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

  HoLEP is a procedure that uses a laser to remove prostate tissue that is blocking urine flow, without requiring any incision. […] Prostate artery embolization reduces the blood supply to the prostate and shrinks the prostate gland over time. […] Urolift is a minimally invasive procedure that uses implants to permanently lift and hold the enlarged prostate tissue out of the way and increase the opening of the urethra.

• #35 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | WakeMed

  https://www.wakemed.org/wakemed-physician-practices/specialties/urology/mens-health/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  BPH generally causes symptoms such as blocking the flow of urine out of the bladder, which can lead to increased frequency of urination (particularly at night), weak stream or a stream that stops and starts, dribbling at the end of urination, or an inability to completely empty the bladder. Generally, the severity of symptoms will get worse over time without proper treatment. […] While BPH isnt prostate cancer, many of the treatment options are the same since theyre both treating an enlarged prostate gland. […] Medication therapies typically work well for men with mild to moderate symptoms. Options include alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, a combination of the two therapies, or certain drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction. […] Procedural options are typically indicated for patients with moderate to severe symptoms where medication hasnt been effective or isnt preferred. There are numerous options, including: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard and most studied surgical procedure for the treatment of BPH. It involves removing the portions of the prostate that are causing urinary symptoms. Its considered minimally-invasive because its performed using a scope thats inserted through the urethra leaving no scars. It may, however, cause retrograde ejaculation which is when semen enters the bladder instead of coming out through the penis during orgasm. This is typically only a problem for men who are trying to conceive. Blood in the urine and urinary urgency are common temporary side effects. Very rarely, patients can experience urinary leakage afterward which is also usually temporary. […] Determining the best procedural option for you will involve a discussion with your urologist who can make recommendations based on the size of your prostate and the severity of your symptoms, taking into consideration other factors such as health and family history and your personal preferences.

• #36 Benign prostatic hyperplasia – The Pharmaceutical Journal

  https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/ld/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common urological conditions among males, with an estimated 3 million affected in the UK. The incidence of BPH is approximately 50% in males aged 60–70 years, increasing to 90% in males aged over 80 years. […] The role of the pharmacist is inextricably linked to the management of BPH, from initial presentation and diagnosis, to pharmacological management. The various treatment options available makes pharmacist involvement crucial to optimising treatment, ensuring positive outcomes and minimising adverse effects. […] For many patients, lifestyle modifications can improve symptoms without the need for further intervention. […] Medication should be offered to patients with bothersome symptoms, as described in Table 1, for whom lifestyle changes have not been successful.

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