Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Typhoid Fever | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/foodborne-illness/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid Fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the Typhi serotype of the bacteria Salmonella, referred to as Salmonella Typhi. […] Typhoid Fever is transmitted by eating food or drinking beverages improperly handled by an infected person with Salmonella Typhi or if contaminated water containing the bacteria is used to for washing food or drinking. […] Symptoms onset generally develops 1-3 weeks after exposure, but may take as long as 2 months. Unlike salmonellosis, Typhoid Fever does not commonly cause gastrointestinal illness. […] Common symptoms of infection can last 2-4 weeks and include: Sustained continuous fever (which can persist for weeks or until treatment is initiated), Weakness and fatigue, Stomach pains, Loss of appetite, Headache, Body aches, Some cases develop a rash of flat, rose-colored spots, Constipation or diarrhea.

• #2 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  Typhoid fever, or enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic infection produced primarily by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and to a lesser extent Salmonella enterica serotypes and paratyphi A, B, and C. It presents in a wide variety of ways ranging from an overwhelming septic illness to minor cases of diarrhea with low-grade fever. The classic presentation is one of fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated typhoid fever may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications. […] The term typhoid derived from the ancient Greek word for cloud, was chosen to emphasize the severity and long lasting neuropsychiatric effects among the untreated.

• #3 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  Typhoid fever, or enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic infection produced primarily by Salmonella enterica serotype typhi and to a lesser extent Salmonella enterica serotypes and paratyphi A, B, and C. It presents in a wide variety of ways ranging from an overwhelming septic illness to minor cases of diarrhea with low-grade fever. The classic presentation is one of fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated typhoid fever may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications. […] The term typhoid derived from the ancient Greek word for cloud, was chosen to emphasize the severity and long lasting neuropsychiatric effects among the untreated.

• #4

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms/

  The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. […] With treatment, the symptoms of typhoid fever should quickly improve within 3 to 5 days. […] If typhoid fever isn’t treated, it’ll usually get worse over the course of a few weeks, and there’s a significant risk of life-threatening complications developing. […] Without treatment, it can take weeks or even months to fully recover, and symptoms can return. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: a persistent high temperature that gradually increases each day, a headache, general aches and pains, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a cough, constipation. […] Later, as the infection progresses you may lose your appetite, feel sick and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.

• #5 Typhoid fever – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20378661

  Symptoms include: […] Symptoms are likely to start slowly, often showing up 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. […] Early symptoms include: […] A few weeks after symptoms start, the illness can cause problems in the intestines. […] In very serious cases, people may: […] In some people, symptoms may return up to a few weeks after the fever has gone away.

• #6 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #7 Typhoid Fever In Children | KidsHealth New Zealand’s Trusted Voice On Children’s Health

  https://www.kidshealth.org.nz/typhoid-fever-in-children

  Once your child is infected, it usually takes 1 to 3 weeks for symptoms to develop. It can take from 3 days to over 60 days to develop symptoms. […] The illness starts slowly with fevers, chills (feeling cold and shivery). Your child could have a temperature of up to 39 to 40 degrees Celsius. […] Other symptoms include: headache, feeling sick, not feeling like eating, tiredness, a rash made up of small pink spots on your child’s chest and tummy, tummy pain, constipation (more common in adults), diarrhoea, confusion, such as your child not knowing where they are or what’s going on around them. […] Typhoid fever is often severe and tamariki can die from the disease. Most tamariki and adults have to spend time in hospital. […] If your child’s symptoms are milder, they can recover at home and they should feel better in a few days. If your child’s symptoms get worse, see your doctor urgently. […] If you don’t seek help urgently and get treatment, your child could have serious complications or even die.

• #8 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a systemic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). Symptoms are high fever, prostration, abdominal pain, and a rose-colored rash. […] For typhoid fever, the incubation period (usually 8 to 14 days) is inversely related to the number of organisms ingested. Onset is usually gradual, with fever, headache, arthralgia, pharyngitis, constipation, anorexia, and abdominal pain and tenderness. Less common symptoms include dysuria, nonproductive cough, and epistaxis. […] Without treatment, the temperature rises in steps over 2 to 3 days, remains elevated (usually 39.4 to 40 C) for another 10 to 14 days, begins to fall gradually at the end of the third week, and reaches normal levels during the fourth week. Prolonged fever is often accompanied by relative bradycardia and prostration. Central nervous system symptoms such as delirium, stupor, or coma occur in severe cases. In uncomplicated cases, 5 to 30% of patients may have discrete, pink, blanching lesions (rose spots) in crops on the chest and abdomen during the second week and resolve in 2 to 5 days.

• #9 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #10 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #11 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  S typhi and paratyphi are clinically indistinguishable from each other. Symptoms of disease develop 7-14 days after ingestion of the organism. The peaks and troughs of fever rise progressively in stepwise fashion. […] Over the course of the first week of illness, a wide variety gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain. Inflamed Peyer patches narrow the bowel lumen to the point of causing significant constipation that may persist for the duration of the illness. If untreated the individual may develop a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and severe malaise associated with marked stupor. […] Seven to 10 days into the illness, the fever plateaus at 103-104F (39-40C). The patient develop Rose Spots, salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules that are 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number. These generally resolve within 2-5 days.

• #12 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Salmonella typhi bacterium, characterised by prolonged high fever, fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, headache, and sometimes a rash. If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to severe complications, including intestinal bleeding or perforation, which can be life-threatening. […] Typhoid fever presents with a variety of symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for prompt treatment and preventing complications. Common symptoms include: […] High Fever: A persistent, high fever is a typical symptom of typhoid fever. […] Weakness: General weakness and fatigue are common as the body fights the infection. […] Stomach pain: Abdominal pain or discomfort, typically in the lower right quadrant.

• #13

• #14 Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever

  After you come in contact with the germ that causes typhoid fever, it may take a while for you to get sick. Your symptoms usually show up in 1-3 weeks. […] At first, you may get: Fever that can be as high as 103-104 F and may rise one night, fall the next morning, and then continue to rise and fall, Headaches, Chills, Weakness and fatigue, Muscle aches, Sweating, Cough, Loss of appetite, Diarrhea or constipation, A rash of flat, warm pink spots, usually on your chest or stomach. […] A few weeks after your symptoms start, you may also get severe stomach swelling and pain or an infection called sepsis, affecting the entire body. […] In serious cases, you may get life-threatening complications, such as: Confusion, Inability to pay attention, Inability to respond. […] If you have any of the following symptoms, you should go to the ER right away: High fever, Brain symptoms, such as confusion or seizures, Coughing up or vomiting blood, Serious stomach pain, Bloody or tarry (dark, thick, and sticky) poop.

• #15 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #16 Typhoid Fever – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Numb

  https://www.pacehospital.com/typhoid-fever-symptoms-causes

  Typhoid fever symptoms often appear within a week or two of being infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. With therapy, typhoid fever symptoms should begin to subside within 3–5 days. Untreated typhoid fever often worsens over the course of a few weeks and can lead to potentially fatal complications. The typhoid symptoms in kids are similar to those in adults. […] Typhoid fever symptoms include: Persistence increases in body temperature, Chills, Sweating, Fatigue, Cough, Difficult to pass stools (constipation), Body pain, Headache, On a severe condition, the symptoms include: Stomach pain, Loose stools (diarrhoea), Skin rash, Loss of appetite, Confusion, Difficult to concentrate. […] There are four stages of typhoid fever, and each step might last for one week. The typhoid incubation period usually takes 7–14 days after ingestion of S. typhi. The stages are as follows: First stage: The patient exhibits some early typhoid symptoms during this stage (first week), such as abdominal pain (right upper), difficult-to-pass stools, dry cough, delirium, stupor, malaise and dull headache. Each day, the temperature rises and then falls by the following morning. Over time, the temperature gradually increases.

• #17 Typhoid fever – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Typical clinical features in patient suffering from typhoid. […] Bradycardia relative to fever (Faget sign) […] Fever […] Abdominal Pain […] Headache […] Chills (rarely rigors) […] Cough […] Abdominal distension […] Constipation (more common than diarrhea) […] Rose spots truncal light red macular rash (in the 2nd wk) […] Hepatosplenomegaly […] GI bleeding […] Transaminitis […] Leukopenia with left shift (adults) […] Leukocytosis (children)

• #18 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Stage 1: Initial phase (1st week) The fever gradually increases in severity, often reaching up to 104F (40C). Persistent headaches, general malaise, and a feeling of weakness are common. There is a noticeable decrease in appetite, and mild discomfort or pain in the stomach area can occur. Constipation is more common than diarrhoea at this stage, especially in adults. […] Stage 2: Acute phase (2nd week) The fever remains high and constant. Abdominal pain worsens, and diarrhoea may occur, particularly in children, while constipation continues to be more common in adults. A rash known as „rose spots” may develop on the trunk and chest. Severe fatigue and mental confusion or delirium, known as „typhoid state,” are also observed. […] Stage 3: Toxic phase (3rd week) All symptoms intensify, with a high risk of severe complications. Intestinal perforation can occur, leading to severe abdominal pain and peritonitis. The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream, causing sepsis, and severe dehydration may result from prolonged high fever and diarrhoea.

• #19 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #20 Typhoid Fever – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Numb

  https://www.pacehospital.com/typhoid-fever-symptoms-causes

  Second stage: In this stage (second week), there will be a progression of first-stage symptoms, such as Body temperature rises to 102 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, Abdominal swelling, The appearance of rose spots on the chest, back and abdomen might resolve in 2-5 days. […] Third stage: This is the serious stage, where the patient may experience the following: Decreases in weight, Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva), Tachypnea (increased breathing), Increase in toxaemia (increased toxins in the blood), Anorexia (reduced food intake), Crackling sound from the base of the lungs, Severe abdominal distension, Liquid diarrhoea (foul, green-yellow), Increase delirium’s intensity, Bowel perforation and peritonitis can develop as a result of necrosis in Peyer’s patches (tiny lymphoid organs located in the small intestine’s wall). Death may occur due to severe toxaemia, myocarditis or intestinal bleeding.

• #21 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #22 Symptoms of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever | Typhoid Fever | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever have similar symptoms. […] The most common symptom is a fever. […] Fever is common. […] The fever can be as high as 103-104F (39-40C). […] The fever usually is sustained (does not come and go). […] People can have other symptoms, including: Weakness, Stomach pain, Headache, Constipation or diarrhea, Cough, Loss of appetite. […] Some people get a rash with flat, rose-colored spots. […] Without treatment, your fever can last for weeks or months. […] You also can develop other health problems. […] These health problems can be very dangerous and might lead to death. […] If your symptoms go away without treatment, you might still carry the bacteria that made you sick and it can spread to others or cause your illness to return.

• #23 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #24 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  During the second week, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. […] In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia, myocarditis, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.

• #25 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  During the second week, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots develops on the chest and abdomen in about 5 to 30% of people. […] People may be constipated at first, but after 2 weeks, diarrhea may occur. In about 1 to 2% of people, the intestine is torn (perforated) or bleeds. A few people have severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. […] If infection spreads to other organs, symptoms of those infections may also develop. […] In up to 10% of untreated people, symptoms return about 2 weeks after the fever goes away.

• #26 Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever sometimes causes a rash called „rose spots.” About 30% of people who get infected with Salmonella Typhi get rose spots. In people with light skin tones, rose spots usually appear as groups of 5-15 warm pink spots about the size of a grain of rice or slightly smaller. They tend to last about 3-5 days and are usually on your chest or stomach, but they may also appear on your back, arms, and legs.

• #27 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  S typhi and paratyphi are clinically indistinguishable from each other. Symptoms of disease develop 7-14 days after ingestion of the organism. The peaks and troughs of fever rise progressively in stepwise fashion. […] Over the course of the first week of illness, a wide variety gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain. Inflamed Peyer patches narrow the bowel lumen to the point of causing significant constipation that may persist for the duration of the illness. If untreated the individual may develop a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and severe malaise associated with marked stupor. […] Seven to 10 days into the illness, the fever plateaus at 103-104F (39-40C). The patient develop Rose Spots, salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules that are 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number. These generally resolve within 2-5 days.

• #28 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Stage 1: Initial phase (1st week) The fever gradually increases in severity, often reaching up to 104F (40C). Persistent headaches, general malaise, and a feeling of weakness are common. There is a noticeable decrease in appetite, and mild discomfort or pain in the stomach area can occur. Constipation is more common than diarrhoea at this stage, especially in adults. […] Stage 2: Acute phase (2nd week) The fever remains high and constant. Abdominal pain worsens, and diarrhoea may occur, particularly in children, while constipation continues to be more common in adults. A rash known as „rose spots” may develop on the trunk and chest. Severe fatigue and mental confusion or delirium, known as „typhoid state,” are also observed. […] Stage 3: Toxic phase (3rd week) All symptoms intensify, with a high risk of severe complications. Intestinal perforation can occur, leading to severe abdominal pain and peritonitis. The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream, causing sepsis, and severe dehydration may result from prolonged high fever and diarrhoea.

• #29 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  During the second week, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. […] In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia, myocarditis, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.

• #30 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #31 Stages of Typhoid Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis | Dr Lal PathLabs Blog

  https://www.lalpathlabs.com/blog/typhoid-fever/

  Typhoid fever progresses through several stages, with symptoms appearing gradually over the course of 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. […] The acute stage is when symptoms of typhoid fever begin to appear. The most common symptoms include a high fever (often up to 104F), headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. […] The symptoms of typhoid fever usually appear 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptoms of typhoid fever include: High fever: Patients with typhoid fever typically experience a high fever, often up to 104F. Headache: Patients may also experience a headache, which can be severe. Muscle aches: Patients may experience muscle aches and weakness, which can make it difficult to perform everyday activities. Fatigue: Patients may experience fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell. Abdominal pain: Patients may experience abdominal pain, which can be severe and crampy. Constipation or diarrhea: Patients may experience constipation or diarrhea, which can alternate throughout the course of the illness. Rash: Patients may develop a rash of flat, rose-coloured spots on the trunk of the body. […] If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to serious complications, including intestinal bleeding, perforation and sepsis of the intestine, and even death.

• #32 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #33 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  During the second week, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. […] In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia, myocarditis, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.

• #34 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #35 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #36 Typhoid fever | Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhoid-fever

  By the end of the third week, the patient is emaciated, abdominal symptoms are marked, and mental disturbance is prominent. In favourable cases, about the beginning of the fourth week, the fever begins to decline, the symptoms begin to abate, and the temperature gradually returns to normal. If untreated, typhoid fever proves fatal in about 10 to 30 percent of all cases; with treatment, as few as 1 percent of patients die from the disease. Patients with diseases such as cancer or sickle cell anemia are particularly prone to develop serious and prolonged infection with S. Typhi.

• #37 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Stage 1: Initial phase (1st week) The fever gradually increases in severity, often reaching up to 104F (40C). Persistent headaches, general malaise, and a feeling of weakness are common. There is a noticeable decrease in appetite, and mild discomfort or pain in the stomach area can occur. Constipation is more common than diarrhoea at this stage, especially in adults. […] Stage 2: Acute phase (2nd week) The fever remains high and constant. Abdominal pain worsens, and diarrhoea may occur, particularly in children, while constipation continues to be more common in adults. A rash known as „rose spots” may develop on the trunk and chest. Severe fatigue and mental confusion or delirium, known as „typhoid state,” are also observed. […] Stage 3: Toxic phase (3rd week) All symptoms intensify, with a high risk of severe complications. Intestinal perforation can occur, leading to severe abdominal pain and peritonitis. The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream, causing sepsis, and severe dehydration may result from prolonged high fever and diarrhoea.

• #38 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  During the second week, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. […] In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia, myocarditis, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.

• #39 Typhoid Fever – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Numb

  https://www.pacehospital.com/typhoid-fever-symptoms-causes

  Second stage: In this stage (second week), there will be a progression of first-stage symptoms, such as Body temperature rises to 102 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, Abdominal swelling, The appearance of rose spots on the chest, back and abdomen might resolve in 2-5 days. […] Third stage: This is the serious stage, where the patient may experience the following: Decreases in weight, Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva), Tachypnea (increased breathing), Increase in toxaemia (increased toxins in the blood), Anorexia (reduced food intake), Crackling sound from the base of the lungs, Severe abdominal distension, Liquid diarrhoea (foul, green-yellow), Increase delirium’s intensity, Bowel perforation and peritonitis can develop as a result of necrosis in Peyer’s patches (tiny lymphoid organs located in the small intestine’s wall). Death may occur due to severe toxaemia, myocarditis or intestinal bleeding.

• #40 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  During the second week, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots develops on the chest and abdomen in about 5 to 30% of people. […] People may be constipated at first, but after 2 weeks, diarrhea may occur. In about 1 to 2% of people, the intestine is torn (perforated) or bleeds. A few people have severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. […] If infection spreads to other organs, symptoms of those infections may also develop. […] In up to 10% of untreated people, symptoms return about 2 weeks after the fever goes away.

• #41 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #42 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #43 Typhoid Fever: it’s Stages, How Long Does it Last, Recovery, Price, & More

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lab-test/typhoid-fever-stages-how-long-does-it-last-price-and-more/

  Typhoid fever symptoms […] Typhoid fever can be divided into four stages. These stages are: […] In the 1st stage of typhoid fever, you can experience mild symptoms like headache and dry cough. You may also have a slight fever at this stage. […] In this stage, you experience symptoms like a distended stomach, high fever, fever dreams (hallucinations), weight loss, and lethargy. […] This is a more severe stage of typhoid fever. You may have encephalitis or inflammation of the brain, dehydration, weakness, and abdominal haemorrhage caused due to severe intestinal perforations. […] At this stage, you will have an extremely high fever. At this stage, you are also at risk of several other health complications like kidney failure, infection, inflammation of the pancreas or heart, pneumonia, and meningitis.

• #44 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Stage 4: Recovery or complications (4th week and beyond) With proper treatment, symptoms gradually improve over several weeks. However, some patients may experience a relapse of symptoms after initial improvement. In a minority of cases, individuals may become chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi, harbouring the bacteria in their gallbladder and potentially spreading it to others.

• #45 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  If the individual survives to the fourth week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologic complications may still occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating weakness last months. Some survivors become asymptomatic S typhi carriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. […] The clinical course of an untreated patient with typhoid fever may deviate from that describe above. The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was once the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onset.

• #46 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  One of the first signs of recovery is a gradual improvement in appetite. As the digestive system begins to heal, you’ll start feeling hungry again and can tolerate food better. […] Fever is one of the main symptoms of typhoid, and its reduction is a positive sign. As antibiotics take effect, the fever decreases and stabilises, showing that your body is fighting the infection effectively. […] Typhoid causes extreme fatigue, but you’ll notice a gradual energy return as recovery progresses. Performing daily tasks without feeling exhausted is a critical indicator that you are improving. […] Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are common during typhoid, will start to subside. Regular bowel movements return as your digestive system recovers and discomfort decreases.

• #47 Typhoid fever | Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhoid-fever

  During about the second week of fever, typhoid bacilli are present in great numbers in the bloodstream. At that point, some patients develop a rash of small rose-coloured spots on the trunk, which lasts four or five days and then fades away. The lymph follicles (Peyer patches) along the intestinal wall in which the typhoid bacilli have multiplied become inflamed and necrotic and may slough off, leaving ulcers in the walls of the intestine. The dead fragments of intestinal tissue may erode blood vessels, causing hemorrhage, or they may perforate the intestinal wall, allowing the intestines contents to enter the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis). Other complications can include acute inflammation of the gallbladder, heart failure, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and meningitis. With a continued high fever, the symptoms usually increase in intensity, and mental confusion and delirium may appear.

• #48 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  If the individual survives to the fourth week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologic complications may still occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating weakness last months. Some survivors become asymptomatic S typhi carriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. […] The clinical course of an untreated patient with typhoid fever may deviate from that describe above. The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was once the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onset.

• #49 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #50 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  If the individual survives to the fourth week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologic complications may still occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating weakness last months. Some survivors become asymptomatic S typhi carriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. […] The clinical course of an untreated patient with typhoid fever may deviate from that describe above. The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was once the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onset.

• #51 Typhoid Fever Vaccine, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm

  Typhoid fever symptoms include: poor appetite, headaches, diarrhea, generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy. […] The patient experiences the following: poor appetite; abdominal pain and peritonitis; headaches; generalized aches and pains and weakness; high fever, often up to 104 F; lethargy (usually only if untreated); intestinal bleeding or perforation (after 2-3 weeks of the disease); cough; diarrhea; or constipation. […] People with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103 F-104 F (39 C-40 C). […] The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the illness is about 4-6 weeks. […] Improvement occurs in the third and fourth weeks in those without complications. About 10% of patients have recurrent symptoms (relapse) after feeling better for 1-2 weeks. Relapses are more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.

• #52 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  With prompt and appropriate antibiotic therapy, typhoid fever is typically a short-term febrile illness requiring a median of 6 days of hospitalization. Treated, it has few long-term sequelae and a 0.2% risk of mortality. Untreated typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness of several weeks’ duration with long-term morbidity often involving the central nervous system. The case fatality rate in the United States in the pre-antibiotic era was 9%-13%. […] Most documented typhoid fever cases involve school-aged children and young adults. However, the true incidence among very young children and infants is thought to be higher. The presentations in these age groups may be atypical, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe convulsions, and the S typhi infection may go unrecognized. This may account for conflicting reports in the literature that this group has either a very high or a very low rate of morbidity and mortality.

• #53 Symptoms of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever | Typhoid Fever | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever have similar symptoms. […] The most common symptom is a fever. […] Fever is common. […] The fever can be as high as 103-104F (39-40C). […] The fever usually is sustained (does not come and go). […] People can have other symptoms, including: Weakness, Stomach pain, Headache, Constipation or diarrhea, Cough, Loss of appetite. […] Some people get a rash with flat, rose-colored spots. […] Without treatment, your fever can last for weeks or months. […] You also can develop other health problems. […] These health problems can be very dangerous and might lead to death. […] If your symptoms go away without treatment, you might still carry the bacteria that made you sick and it can spread to others or cause your illness to return.

• #54 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  S typhi and paratyphi are clinically indistinguishable from each other. Symptoms of disease develop 7-14 days after ingestion of the organism. The peaks and troughs of fever rise progressively in stepwise fashion. […] Over the course of the first week of illness, a wide variety gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain. Inflamed Peyer patches narrow the bowel lumen to the point of causing significant constipation that may persist for the duration of the illness. If untreated the individual may develop a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and severe malaise associated with marked stupor. […] Seven to 10 days into the illness, the fever plateaus at 103-104F (39-40C). The patient develop Rose Spots, salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules that are 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number. These generally resolve within 2-5 days.

• #55 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #56 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a systemic disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi). Symptoms are high fever, prostration, abdominal pain, and a rose-colored rash. […] For typhoid fever, the incubation period (usually 8 to 14 days) is inversely related to the number of organisms ingested. Onset is usually gradual, with fever, headache, arthralgia, pharyngitis, constipation, anorexia, and abdominal pain and tenderness. Less common symptoms include dysuria, nonproductive cough, and epistaxis. […] Without treatment, the temperature rises in steps over 2 to 3 days, remains elevated (usually 39.4 to 40 C) for another 10 to 14 days, begins to fall gradually at the end of the third week, and reaches normal levels during the fourth week. Prolonged fever is often accompanied by relative bradycardia and prostration. Central nervous system symptoms such as delirium, stupor, or coma occur in severe cases. In uncomplicated cases, 5 to 30% of patients may have discrete, pink, blanching lesions (rose spots) in crops on the chest and abdomen during the second week and resolve in 2 to 5 days.

• #57 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #58 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is caused by certain types of the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella. It typically causes a high fever and abdominal pain. […] People have flu-like symptoms, sometimes followed by delirium, cough, exhaustion, occasionally rash, and diarrhea. […] Typically, a flu-like illness begins about 8 to 14 days after infection. Typhoid fever symptoms begin gradually. People may have a fever, headache, sore throat, muscle and joint pains, abdominal pains, and a dry cough. They may lose their appetite. […] After a few days, the temperature peaks at about 103 to 104 F (39 to 40 C), remains high for another 10 to 14 days, and returns to normal during the fourth week after symptoms started. Often the heartbeat is slow, and people feel exhausted. When the infection is severe, they may become delirious or comatose.

• #59 Symptoms of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever | Typhoid Fever | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever have similar symptoms. […] The most common symptom is a fever. […] Fever is common. […] The fever can be as high as 103-104F (39-40C). […] The fever usually is sustained (does not come and go). […] People can have other symptoms, including: Weakness, Stomach pain, Headache, Constipation or diarrhea, Cough, Loss of appetite. […] Some people get a rash with flat, rose-colored spots. […] Without treatment, your fever can last for weeks or months. […] You also can develop other health problems. […] These health problems can be very dangerous and might lead to death. […] If your symptoms go away without treatment, you might still carry the bacteria that made you sick and it can spread to others or cause your illness to return.

• #60 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #61

• #62

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms/

  The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. […] With treatment, the symptoms of typhoid fever should quickly improve within 3 to 5 days. […] If typhoid fever isn’t treated, it’ll usually get worse over the course of a few weeks, and there’s a significant risk of life-threatening complications developing. […] Without treatment, it can take weeks or even months to fully recover, and symptoms can return. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: a persistent high temperature that gradually increases each day, a headache, general aches and pains, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a cough, constipation. […] Later, as the infection progresses you may lose your appetite, feel sick and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.

• #63 Typhoid Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Stages and Treatment

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever symptoms develop gradually over 13 weeks after exposure. Here are the most common signs to watch for: […] A hallmark symptom of typhoid fever. […] Gradually rises to 103F 104F (39.5C 40C). […] Reduced food intake leads to weight loss and weakness. […] Often accompanied by nausea and discomfort. […] Some individuals experience a dry or mild cough. […] Can worsen as the infection progresses. […] Feeling extremely tired even with minimal activity. […] Results from prolonged fever and nutrient depletion. […] Diarrhea: Loose stools, often greenish in color. […] Constipation: More common in adults than in children. […] Abdominal pain: Pain and bloating, especially around the belly button. […] Continuous headaches, often severe. […] Muscle pain, making movement uncomfortable.

• #64 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #65 Typhoid fever Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is an infection that causes fever, diarrhea, and a rash. It is most commonly caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi (S typhi). […] Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103°F, or 39.5°C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. […] Some people develop a rash called „rose spots,” which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. […] Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools, Chills, Agitation, confusion, delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there (hallucinations), Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit), Nosebleeds, Severe fatigue, Slow, sluggish, weak feeling. […] Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. […] Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.

• #66 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #67 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #68 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Salmonella typhi bacterium, characterised by prolonged high fever, fatigue, weakness, abdominal pain, headache, and sometimes a rash. If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to severe complications, including intestinal bleeding or perforation, which can be life-threatening. […] Typhoid fever presents with a variety of symptoms, which can range from mild to severe. Recognizing these symptoms early is crucial for prompt treatment and preventing complications. Common symptoms include: […] High Fever: A persistent, high fever is a typical symptom of typhoid fever. […] Weakness: General weakness and fatigue are common as the body fights the infection. […] Stomach pain: Abdominal pain or discomfort, typically in the lower right quadrant.

• #69 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #70 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #71 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #72

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms/

  The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. […] With treatment, the symptoms of typhoid fever should quickly improve within 3 to 5 days. […] If typhoid fever isn’t treated, it’ll usually get worse over the course of a few weeks, and there’s a significant risk of life-threatening complications developing. […] Without treatment, it can take weeks or even months to fully recover, and symptoms can return. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: a persistent high temperature that gradually increases each day, a headache, general aches and pains, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a cough, constipation. […] Later, as the infection progresses you may lose your appetite, feel sick and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.

• #73 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is caused by certain types of the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella. It typically causes a high fever and abdominal pain. […] People have flu-like symptoms, sometimes followed by delirium, cough, exhaustion, occasionally rash, and diarrhea. […] Typically, a flu-like illness begins about 8 to 14 days after infection. Typhoid fever symptoms begin gradually. People may have a fever, headache, sore throat, muscle and joint pains, abdominal pains, and a dry cough. They may lose their appetite. […] After a few days, the temperature peaks at about 103 to 104 F (39 to 40 C), remains high for another 10 to 14 days, and returns to normal during the fourth week after symptoms started. Often the heartbeat is slow, and people feel exhausted. When the infection is severe, they may become delirious or comatose.

• #74 Stages of Typhoid Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis | Dr Lal PathLabs Blog

  https://www.lalpathlabs.com/blog/typhoid-fever/

  Typhoid fever progresses through several stages, with symptoms appearing gradually over the course of 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. […] The acute stage is when symptoms of typhoid fever begin to appear. The most common symptoms include a high fever (often up to 104F), headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. […] The symptoms of typhoid fever usually appear 1-3 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. The most common symptoms of typhoid fever include: High fever: Patients with typhoid fever typically experience a high fever, often up to 104F. Headache: Patients may also experience a headache, which can be severe. Muscle aches: Patients may experience muscle aches and weakness, which can make it difficult to perform everyday activities. Fatigue: Patients may experience fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell. Abdominal pain: Patients may experience abdominal pain, which can be severe and crampy. Constipation or diarrhea: Patients may experience constipation or diarrhea, which can alternate throughout the course of the illness. Rash: Patients may develop a rash of flat, rose-coloured spots on the trunk of the body. […] If left untreated, typhoid fever can lead to serious complications, including intestinal bleeding, perforation and sepsis of the intestine, and even death.

• #75 Typhoid Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Stages and Treatment

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever symptoms develop gradually over 13 weeks after exposure. Here are the most common signs to watch for: […] A hallmark symptom of typhoid fever. […] Gradually rises to 103F 104F (39.5C 40C). […] Reduced food intake leads to weight loss and weakness. […] Often accompanied by nausea and discomfort. […] Some individuals experience a dry or mild cough. […] Can worsen as the infection progresses. […] Feeling extremely tired even with minimal activity. […] Results from prolonged fever and nutrient depletion. […] Diarrhea: Loose stools, often greenish in color. […] Constipation: More common in adults than in children. […] Abdominal pain: Pain and bloating, especially around the belly button. […] Continuous headaches, often severe. […] Muscle pain, making movement uncomfortable.

• #76 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #77 Typhoid Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Stages and Treatment

  https://www.nanavatimaxhospital.org/blogs/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever symptoms develop gradually over 13 weeks after exposure. Here are the most common signs to watch for: […] A hallmark symptom of typhoid fever. […] Gradually rises to 103F 104F (39.5C 40C). […] Reduced food intake leads to weight loss and weakness. […] Often accompanied by nausea and discomfort. […] Some individuals experience a dry or mild cough. […] Can worsen as the infection progresses. […] Feeling extremely tired even with minimal activity. […] Results from prolonged fever and nutrient depletion. […] Diarrhea: Loose stools, often greenish in color. […] Constipation: More common in adults than in children. […] Abdominal pain: Pain and bloating, especially around the belly button. […] Continuous headaches, often severe. […] Muscle pain, making movement uncomfortable.

• #78 Typhoid Fever: it’s Stages, How Long Does it Last, Recovery, Price, & More

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lab-test/typhoid-fever-stages-how-long-does-it-last-price-and-more/

  Typhoid fever can last for approximately 3-4 weeks with an incubation period of around 1-2 weeks. According to the National Health Society (NHS), if typhoid fever is diagnosed early and antibiotic treatment is started immediately, you may recover in 7 – 14 days. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: […] The high temperature slowly increases every day. […] Aches and pains […] Headaches […] Cough […] Constipation […] Extreme tiredness […] Loss of appetite […] Faint pink spots on your chest or stomach […] nausea and vomiting […] Muscles aches. […] The signs of recovery from typhoid fever generally include easing of the symptoms of typhoid fever such as: […] Improvement in appetite […] Relief from headache, abdominal pain, and other pains in the body […] Normal body temperature, that is, no fever […] Feeling less lethargic […] Relief from diarrhoea […] No congestion in the chest […] Less discomfort.

• #79 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #80 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #81 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #82 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  In the first week, the body temperature rises slowly, and fever fluctuations are seen with relative bradycardia (Faget sign), malaise, headache, and cough. […] In the second week, the person is often too tired to get up, with high fever in plateau around 40 °C (104 °F) and bradycardia (sphygmothermic dissociation or Faget sign), classically with a dicrotic pulse wave. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, possible complications include: […] The fever is still very high and oscillates very little over 24 hours. Dehydration ensues along with malnutrition, and the patient is delirious. […] Intestinal haemorrhage due to bleeding in congested Peyer’s patches occurs; this can be very serious but is usually not fatal. […] Intestinal perforation in the distal ileum is a critical complication and often fatal. It may occur without alarming symptoms until sepsis or diffuse peritonitis sets in.

• #83 Typhoid fever | Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhoid-fever

  During about the second week of fever, typhoid bacilli are present in great numbers in the bloodstream. At that point, some patients develop a rash of small rose-coloured spots on the trunk, which lasts four or five days and then fades away. The lymph follicles (Peyer patches) along the intestinal wall in which the typhoid bacilli have multiplied become inflamed and necrotic and may slough off, leaving ulcers in the walls of the intestine. The dead fragments of intestinal tissue may erode blood vessels, causing hemorrhage, or they may perforate the intestinal wall, allowing the intestines contents to enter the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis). Other complications can include acute inflammation of the gallbladder, heart failure, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and meningitis. With a continued high fever, the symptoms usually increase in intensity, and mental confusion and delirium may appear.

• #84 Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever sometimes causes a rash called „rose spots.” About 30% of people who get infected with Salmonella Typhi get rose spots. In people with light skin tones, rose spots usually appear as groups of 5-15 warm pink spots about the size of a grain of rice or slightly smaller. They tend to last about 3-5 days and are usually on your chest or stomach, but they may also appear on your back, arms, and legs.

• #85 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  During the second week, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots develops on the chest and abdomen in about 5 to 30% of people. […] People may be constipated at first, but after 2 weeks, diarrhea may occur. In about 1 to 2% of people, the intestine is torn (perforated) or bleeds. A few people have severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. […] If infection spreads to other organs, symptoms of those infections may also develop. […] In up to 10% of untreated people, symptoms return about 2 weeks after the fever goes away.

• #86 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  During the second week, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots develops on the chest and abdomen in about 5 to 30% of people. […] People may be constipated at first, but after 2 weeks, diarrhea may occur. In about 1 to 2% of people, the intestine is torn (perforated) or bleeds. A few people have severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. […] If infection spreads to other organs, symptoms of those infections may also develop. […] In up to 10% of untreated people, symptoms return about 2 weeks after the fever goes away.

• #87 Typhoid fever – WikEM

  https://wikem.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Typical clinical features in patient suffering from typhoid. […] Bradycardia relative to fever (Faget sign) […] Fever […] Abdominal Pain […] Headache […] Chills (rarely rigors) […] Cough […] Abdominal distension […] Constipation (more common than diarrhea) […] Rose spots truncal light red macular rash (in the 2nd wk) […] Hepatosplenomegaly […] GI bleeding […] Transaminitis […] Leukopenia with left shift (adults) […] Leukocytosis (children)

• #88 Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever sometimes causes a rash called „rose spots.” About 30% of people who get infected with Salmonella Typhi get rose spots. In people with light skin tones, rose spots usually appear as groups of 5-15 warm pink spots about the size of a grain of rice or slightly smaller. They tend to last about 3-5 days and are usually on your chest or stomach, but they may also appear on your back, arms, and legs.

• #89 Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever sometimes causes a rash called „rose spots.” About 30% of people who get infected with Salmonella Typhi get rose spots. In people with light skin tones, rose spots usually appear as groups of 5-15 warm pink spots about the size of a grain of rice or slightly smaller. They tend to last about 3-5 days and are usually on your chest or stomach, but they may also appear on your back, arms, and legs.

• #90 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  S typhi and paratyphi are clinically indistinguishable from each other. Symptoms of disease develop 7-14 days after ingestion of the organism. The peaks and troughs of fever rise progressively in stepwise fashion. […] Over the course of the first week of illness, a wide variety gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain. Inflamed Peyer patches narrow the bowel lumen to the point of causing significant constipation that may persist for the duration of the illness. If untreated the individual may develop a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and severe malaise associated with marked stupor. […] Seven to 10 days into the illness, the fever plateaus at 103-104F (39-40C). The patient develop Rose Spots, salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules that are 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number. These generally resolve within 2-5 days.

• #91 Typhoid fever

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is an infection caused by Salmonella enterica enterica, serovar Typhi. The symptoms of typhoid fever are nonspecific and can include: […] The Salmonella bacteria can be found in faeces or blood. There may also be a rise in antibody levels observed in the blood. […] Rose spots describe the rash that occurs in up to 30% of people infected with Salmonella enterica serovar typhi. Characteristically, rose spots are seen in untreated typhoid fever. […] Apart from rose spots, other rashes may arise in salmonella infections. […] Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection, so is treated with antibiotics. […] Prevention of typhoid fever is mainly achieved through vaccination and avoidance of high-risk foods.

• #92 Typhoid fever – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

  Fever that starts low and increases daily, possibly reaching as high as 104.9 °F (40.5 °C) Headache, weakness and fatigue, muscle aches, sweating, dry cough, loss of appetite, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea or constipation, rash, swollen stomach (enlarged liver or spleen) […] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. […] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. […] This is commonly accompanied by weakness, abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, and mild vomiting. […] Some people develop a skin rash with rose colored spots. […] In severe cases, people may experience confusion. […] Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. […] Diarrhea may be severe, but is uncommon. […] Classically, the progression of untreated typhoid fever has three distinct stages, each lasting about a week. Over the course of these stages, the patient becomes exhausted and emaciated.

• #93 Typhoid Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/

  Symptoms that could indicate severe illness include an altered level of consciousness, severe abdominal pain exacerbated by movement, or severe bloody diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also occur, although it is rarely severe. […] Delirium is a common complication of enteric fever, occurring in a quarter of confirmed hospitalized cases. […] Relapse is defined as a recurrence of symptoms with laboratory confirmation of S Typhi from a normally sterile site within 1 month of completing an appropriate course of antimicrobial treatment and resolution of symptoms.

• #94 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Headache: Persistent headaches are a frequent symptom of typhoid fever. […] Loss of appetite: A significant reduction in appetite is commonly observed. […] Rashes: Some patients develop rashes on the trunk and chest. […] Fatigue: Severe fatigue and lethargy are common, often making daily activities difficult. […] Confusion: Mental confusion or delirium can occur, especially in severe cases. […] Constipation: Constipation is more common in adults with typhoid fever. […] Diarrhoea: Diarrhoea, more frequent in children, can vary from mild to severe. […] These symptoms typically develop gradually over one to three weeks after exposure to the bacteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to manage the disease effectively and prevent serious complications. […] Typhoid fever progresses through several stages if left untreated, each marked by distinct symptoms.

• #95 Typhoid Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/

  Symptoms that could indicate severe illness include an altered level of consciousness, severe abdominal pain exacerbated by movement, or severe bloody diarrhea. […] Gastrointestinal bleeding can also occur, although it is rarely severe. […] Delirium is a common complication of enteric fever, occurring in a quarter of confirmed hospitalized cases. […] Relapse is defined as a recurrence of symptoms with laboratory confirmation of S Typhi from a normally sterile site within 1 month of completing an appropriate course of antimicrobial treatment and resolution of symptoms.

• #96 Typhoid Alert: 7 Sneaky Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore! | Medanta

  https://www.medanta.org/patient-education-blog/unmasking-typhoid-7-subtle-signs-you-mustnt-overlook

  One of the most apparent signs of typhoid fever symptoms is headache along with the fever. […] Loss of appetite or hunger is also one of the classic typhoid fever symptoms. […] The patient may feel typical typhoid symptoms like lethargy, nausea, tiredness (fatigue), and feeling of dizziness. […] As soon as the bacteria causing typhoid fever enters the patient’s stomach, it causes the body to feel nausea and vomiting, ultimately leading to dehydration. […] Salmonella Typhi bacteria, when it enters the patient’s body, it makes its way toward the gut, causing stomach pain or abdominal pain. […] If the patient exhibits all or some of the typhoid fever symptoms above, they may be asked to undergo some lab tests and declare travel history to reach a diagnosis. […] In conclusion, being aware of the subtle signs of typhoid is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment. If untreated, as many as 30% of diagnosed typhoid cases can prove to be fatal. […] By recognizing symptoms such as prolonged fever, abdominal discomfort, and headache, you can take proactive steps to safeguard your health and prevent potential complications.

• #97 Typhoid – What You Need to Know

  https://www.drugs.com/cg/typhoid.html

  Signs and symptoms start 6 to 30 days after infection and develop in stages over about 3 weeks: […] Fever of 103°F to 104°F (39°C to 40°C) that gets worse later in the day […] A cough or sore throat […] Weakness, fatigue, or a headache […] Skin rash that has flat, red spots […] Swollen lymph nodes in your groin […] Stomach pain or loss of appetite […] Diarrhea or constipation, rapid weight loss, and distention of your abdomen […] Delirium (confusion and lack of awareness) or hallucinations […] Lying motionless with your eyes half open.

• #98 Typhoid fever Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is an infection that causes fever, diarrhea, and a rash. It is most commonly caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi (S typhi). […] Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103°F, or 39.5°C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. […] Some people develop a rash called „rose spots,” which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. […] Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools, Chills, Agitation, confusion, delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there (hallucinations), Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit), Nosebleeds, Severe fatigue, Slow, sluggish, weak feeling. […] Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. […] Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.

• #99 Typhoid fever Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is an infection that causes fever, diarrhea, and a rash. It is most commonly caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi (S typhi). […] Early symptoms include fever, general ill-feeling, and abdominal pain. High fever (103°F, or 39.5°C) or higher and severe diarrhea occur as the disease gets worse. […] Some people develop a rash called „rose spots,” which are small red spots on the abdomen and chest. […] Other symptoms that occur include: Bloody stools, Chills, Agitation, confusion, delirium, seeing or hearing things that are not there (hallucinations), Difficulty paying attention (attention deficit), Nosebleeds, Severe fatigue, Slow, sluggish, weak feeling. […] Symptoms usually improve in 2 to 4 weeks with treatment. The outcome is likely to be good with early treatment, but becomes poor if complications develop. […] Symptoms may return if the treatment has not completely cured the infection.

• #100 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever is caused by certain types of the gram-negative bacteria Salmonella. It typically causes a high fever and abdominal pain. […] People have flu-like symptoms, sometimes followed by delirium, cough, exhaustion, occasionally rash, and diarrhea. […] Typically, a flu-like illness begins about 8 to 14 days after infection. Typhoid fever symptoms begin gradually. People may have a fever, headache, sore throat, muscle and joint pains, abdominal pains, and a dry cough. They may lose their appetite. […] After a few days, the temperature peaks at about 103 to 104 F (39 to 40 C), remains high for another 10 to 14 days, and returns to normal during the fourth week after symptoms started. Often the heartbeat is slow, and people feel exhausted. When the infection is severe, they may become delirious or comatose.

• #101 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  With prompt and appropriate antibiotic therapy, typhoid fever is typically a short-term febrile illness requiring a median of 6 days of hospitalization. Treated, it has few long-term sequelae and a 0.2% risk of mortality. Untreated typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness of several weeks’ duration with long-term morbidity often involving the central nervous system. The case fatality rate in the United States in the pre-antibiotic era was 9%-13%. […] Most documented typhoid fever cases involve school-aged children and young adults. However, the true incidence among very young children and infants is thought to be higher. The presentations in these age groups may be atypical, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe convulsions, and the S typhi infection may go unrecognized. This may account for conflicting reports in the literature that this group has either a very high or a very low rate of morbidity and mortality.

• #102 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #103 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #104 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #105 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #106 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #107 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  With prompt and appropriate antibiotic therapy, typhoid fever is typically a short-term febrile illness requiring a median of 6 days of hospitalization. Treated, it has few long-term sequelae and a 0.2% risk of mortality. Untreated typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness of several weeks’ duration with long-term morbidity often involving the central nervous system. The case fatality rate in the United States in the pre-antibiotic era was 9%-13%. […] Most documented typhoid fever cases involve school-aged children and young adults. However, the true incidence among very young children and infants is thought to be higher. The presentations in these age groups may be atypical, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe convulsions, and the S typhi infection may go unrecognized. This may account for conflicting reports in the literature that this group has either a very high or a very low rate of morbidity and mortality.

• #108 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #109 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #110 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #111 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Signs of typhoid fever vary by age. Symptoms like diarrhea and convulsions are more prevalent, and headache and abdominal pain less prevalent, in children younger than 5 years. School-aged children have higher rates of abdominal pain and tenderness, altered mental state, and upper respiratory infections. Adolescents most commonly present with headache, cough, and pneumonia. Adults with typhoid fever more often present with nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Compared with children, adults with typhoid fever have 4-fold the rate of chills. […] Approximately 66% of patients with typhoid fever present with abdominal or digestive symptoms. Abdominal examination may reveal abdominal distention, ascites, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. […] In the second week of illness, the patient with typhoid fever may become extremely lethargic or unresponsive if treatment is delayed or if the condition is unresponsive to therapy.

• #112

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms/

  The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. […] With treatment, the symptoms of typhoid fever should quickly improve within 3 to 5 days. […] If typhoid fever isn’t treated, it’ll usually get worse over the course of a few weeks, and there’s a significant risk of life-threatening complications developing. […] Without treatment, it can take weeks or even months to fully recover, and symptoms can return. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: a persistent high temperature that gradually increases each day, a headache, general aches and pains, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a cough, constipation. […] Later, as the infection progresses you may lose your appetite, feel sick and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.

• #113 Typhoid Fever: it’s Stages, How Long Does it Last, Recovery, Price, & More

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lab-test/typhoid-fever-stages-how-long-does-it-last-price-and-more/

  Typhoid fever can last for approximately 3-4 weeks with an incubation period of around 1-2 weeks. According to the National Health Society (NHS), if typhoid fever is diagnosed early and antibiotic treatment is started immediately, you may recover in 7 – 14 days. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: […] The high temperature slowly increases every day. […] Aches and pains […] Headaches […] Cough […] Constipation […] Extreme tiredness […] Loss of appetite […] Faint pink spots on your chest or stomach […] nausea and vomiting […] Muscles aches. […] The signs of recovery from typhoid fever generally include easing of the symptoms of typhoid fever such as: […] Improvement in appetite […] Relief from headache, abdominal pain, and other pains in the body […] Normal body temperature, that is, no fever […] Feeling less lethargic […] Relief from diarrhoea […] No congestion in the chest […] Less discomfort.

• #114 Prognosis of Typhoid Fever | Hospital Clínic Barcelona

  https://www.clinicbarcelona.org/en/assistance/diseases/typhoid-fever/progression-of-the-disease

  The disease lasts for 4-8 weeks in patients who receive no treatment. […] By taking antibiotics that control Salmonella, the symptoms begin to subside a few days after treatment. […] In rare cases, there can be serious complications such as intestinal perforation or digestive bleeding. […] There is currently a growing problem with resistance to antibiotic treatments that are normally used for this disease, which can hinder treatment and worsen development.

• #115 Typhoid fever | Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhoid-fever

  typhoid fever, acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The bacterium usually enters the body through the mouth by the ingestion of contaminated food or water, penetrates the intestinal wall, and multiplies in lymphoid tissue; it then enters the bloodstream and causes bacteremia. […] After an average 10-14 day incubation period, the early symptoms of typhoid appear: headache, malaise, generalized aching, fever, and restlessness that may interfere with sleep. There may be loss of appetite, nosebleeds, cough, and diarrhea or constipation. Persistent fever develops and gradually rises, usually in a stepwise fashion, reaching a peak of 39 or 40 C (103 or 104 F) after 7-10 days; left untreated, the fever continues with only slight morning remissions for another 10-14 days, sometimes longer.

• #116 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever-leaflet

  In the second week there is a high fever of around 40C (104F) – often worse in the afternoon – although the pulse is often slower than expected with a high fever. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, serious complications can occur. […] Without antibiotics, about 1 in 5 people will die from a typhoid infection. Paratyphoid is usually less severe and not usually fatal. […] With treatment with antibiotics, most people make a full recovery but about 1 in 10 people have a recurrence of the illness (relapse). This usually happens a week after stopping the antibiotics but it can be much later.

• #117 Typhoid Fever Vaccine, Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Contagious

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/typhoid_fever_enteric_fever/article_em.htm

  Typhoid fever is a potentially deadly disease. Typhoid fever is caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi. Most patients have high fevers, generalized fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite. The disease is characterized by sustained high fever (103 F-104 F) and generalized fatigue. Headache and loss of appetite are very common. If left untreated, symptoms can last for months. The classic symptom of typhoid fever is sustained fevers as high as 103 F-104 F (37.5 C-38 C). The fever is minimal in the first few days of the illness and increases over time to high fevers. Other common symptoms include weakness, generalized malaise (exhaustion and fatigue), headache, relatively slow heart rate (brachycardia) compared to the high fever (pulse-temperature disassociation), stomach pains (abdominal pain), diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite. Some patients will also have a distinctive rash on their chest and abdomen, which is rose-colored and flat (rose spots). Some patients will have an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly). If left untreated, the illness lasts approximately one month and carries a 10%-30% mortality rate, which is usually due to intestinal hemorrhage or perforation. The time from exposure to the bacterium to onset of symptoms (the incubation period) is variable and ranges from six to thirty days. The onset of symptoms is very gradual over a few days. These symptoms get progressively worse. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, most patients recover from the disease. However, as many as 30% of people who do not receive therapy will die. Typhoid fever kills hundreds of thousands of people annually each year. Most deaths occur in developing countries where the disease is common. With adequate treatment, less than 1% of victims should die. A person with typhoid fever is contagious anywhere from days to years (if they become a chronic carrier); some researchers suggest a few individuals may be contagious indefinitely.

• #118 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  If the individual survives to the fourth week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologic complications may still occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating weakness last months. Some survivors become asymptomatic S typhi carriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. […] The clinical course of an untreated patient with typhoid fever may deviate from that describe above. The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was once the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onset.

• #119 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #120

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/typhoid-fever/symptoms/

  The symptoms of typhoid fever usually develop 1 or 2 weeks after a person becomes infected with the Salmonella typhi bacteria. […] With treatment, the symptoms of typhoid fever should quickly improve within 3 to 5 days. […] If typhoid fever isn’t treated, it’ll usually get worse over the course of a few weeks, and there’s a significant risk of life-threatening complications developing. […] Without treatment, it can take weeks or even months to fully recover, and symptoms can return. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: a persistent high temperature that gradually increases each day, a headache, general aches and pains, extreme tiredness (fatigue), a cough, constipation. […] Later, as the infection progresses you may lose your appetite, feel sick and have a tummy ache and diarrhoea. Some people may develop a rash.

• #121 Typhoid: Symptoms, Causes, and Vaccination

  https://www.healthline.com/health/typhoid

  Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection that easily spreads through contaminated water and food. Along with high fever, it can cause abdominal pains, headache, and loss of appetite. […] It can take a week or two after infection for symptoms to appear. Some of these symptoms are: high fever, weakness, stomach pain, headache, poor appetite, rash, fatigue, confusion, constipation, diarrhea. […] Serious complications are rare but can include intestinal bleeding or perforations in the intestine. This can lead to a life threatening bloodstream infection (sepsis). Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain. […] Without treatment, typhoid can lead to serious, life threatening complications. Worldwide, there are between 128,000 and 161,000 typhoid-related deaths per year. […] With treatment, most people start to improve within 3 to 5 days. Almost everyone who receives prompt treatment makes a full recovery.

• #122 Typhoid – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/typhoid

  Typhoid is usually curable, but some bacterial strains are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. […] Symptoms usually appear 1 or 2 weeks after infection but may take as long as 3 weeks to appear. Typhoid usually causes a high, sustained fever, often as high as 40C (104F), and extreme exhaustion. […] With antibiotic treatment, symptoms start to subside after 5 to 7 days, but without treatment they continue to get worse for several weeks, and more than 10% of untreated people may die. […] Many people suffer from mild intestinal bleeding, but it is severe in only a small minority of cases. The main way typhoid kills is by causing perforation of the small intestines, causing bacteria to pour into the abdominal cavity. This condition is called peritonitis, and is often fatal. […] Other complications of typhoid occur when a large number of bacteria get into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia. They can travel to the lungs, causing pneumonia, or to the lining of the brain (meningitis), the bones (osteomyelitis), the heart valves (endocarditis), the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), the genital or urinary tract, or the muscles. Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) can also occur.

• #123 Typhoid Fever: it’s Stages, How Long Does it Last, Recovery, Price, & More

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lab-test/typhoid-fever-stages-how-long-does-it-last-price-and-more/

  Typhoid fever can last for approximately 3-4 weeks with an incubation period of around 1-2 weeks. According to the National Health Society (NHS), if typhoid fever is diagnosed early and antibiotic treatment is started immediately, you may recover in 7 – 14 days. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: […] The high temperature slowly increases every day. […] Aches and pains […] Headaches […] Cough […] Constipation […] Extreme tiredness […] Loss of appetite […] Faint pink spots on your chest or stomach […] nausea and vomiting […] Muscles aches. […] The signs of recovery from typhoid fever generally include easing of the symptoms of typhoid fever such as: […] Improvement in appetite […] Relief from headache, abdominal pain, and other pains in the body […] Normal body temperature, that is, no fever […] Feeling less lethargic […] Relief from diarrhoea […] No congestion in the chest […] Less discomfort.

• #124 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  With prompt and appropriate antibiotic therapy, typhoid fever is typically a short-term febrile illness requiring a median of 6 days of hospitalization. Treated, it has few long-term sequelae and a 0.2% risk of mortality. Untreated typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness of several weeks’ duration with long-term morbidity often involving the central nervous system. The case fatality rate in the United States in the pre-antibiotic era was 9%-13%. […] Most documented typhoid fever cases involve school-aged children and young adults. However, the true incidence among very young children and infants is thought to be higher. The presentations in these age groups may be atypical, ranging from a mild febrile illness to severe convulsions, and the S typhi infection may go unrecognized. This may account for conflicting reports in the literature that this group has either a very high or a very low rate of morbidity and mortality.

• #125 Typhoid Fever (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/typhoid.html

  Typhoid fever can come on suddenly or very gradually over a few weeks. The disease usually causes a high fever, a stomachache, and achiness a week or two after exposure to the bacteria (but sometimes later). […] If the infection isn’t treated, a person may lose weight; develop a swollen or bloated belly; or develop a red, spotted rash on the lower chest or upper belly. Without treatment, typhoid fever may last a month or more and become very serious, even life-threatening. […] In most cases, the symptoms start to go away in the third and fourth weeks, as long as the disease doesn’t cause any other health problems. Sometimes, after the illness seems gone it can come back. […] After recovering from typhoid fever, some people become carriers of the bacteria. This means that they’ll have no symptoms, but do have the bacteria in their bodies and can pass it on to others.

• #126 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever-leaflet

  In the second week there is a high fever of around 40C (104F) – often worse in the afternoon – although the pulse is often slower than expected with a high fever. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, serious complications can occur. […] Without antibiotics, about 1 in 5 people will die from a typhoid infection. Paratyphoid is usually less severe and not usually fatal. […] With treatment with antibiotics, most people make a full recovery but about 1 in 10 people have a recurrence of the illness (relapse). This usually happens a week after stopping the antibiotics but it can be much later.

• #127 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever-leaflet

  In the second week there is a high fever of around 40C (104F) – often worse in the afternoon – although the pulse is often slower than expected with a high fever. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, serious complications can occur. […] Without antibiotics, about 1 in 5 people will die from a typhoid infection. Paratyphoid is usually less severe and not usually fatal. […] With treatment with antibiotics, most people make a full recovery but about 1 in 10 people have a recurrence of the illness (relapse). This usually happens a week after stopping the antibiotics but it can be much later.

• #128 Typhoid Fever Vaccine, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm

  Typhoid fever symptoms include: poor appetite, headaches, diarrhea, generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy. […] The patient experiences the following: poor appetite; abdominal pain and peritonitis; headaches; generalized aches and pains and weakness; high fever, often up to 104 F; lethargy (usually only if untreated); intestinal bleeding or perforation (after 2-3 weeks of the disease); cough; diarrhea; or constipation. […] People with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103 F-104 F (39 C-40 C). […] The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the illness is about 4-6 weeks. […] Improvement occurs in the third and fourth weeks in those without complications. About 10% of patients have recurrent symptoms (relapse) after feeling better for 1-2 weeks. Relapses are more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.

• #129 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever: Symptoms and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever-leaflet

  In the second week there is a high fever of around 40C (104F) – often worse in the afternoon – although the pulse is often slower than expected with a high fever. […] In the third week of typhoid fever, serious complications can occur. […] Without antibiotics, about 1 in 5 people will die from a typhoid infection. Paratyphoid is usually less severe and not usually fatal. […] With treatment with antibiotics, most people make a full recovery but about 1 in 10 people have a recurrence of the illness (relapse). This usually happens a week after stopping the antibiotics but it can be much later.

• #130 Your Family Physician’s Guide to Typhoid Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/family-and-general-medicine/typhoid-fever-recovery-long-term-care-strategies/

  Headaches occur due to dehydration. As the infection progresses, you may lose your appetite, have muscle aches. Rashes are also associated in Enteric Fever. If untreated, the symptoms will continue to get worse. […] Once diagnosed, typhoid is treated with antibiotics to kill the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. The infection can usually be treated at home, as long as the patient is able to tolerate oral feeds. […] The patients symptoms will begin to improve within 2 to 3 days of starting the antibiotics. […] Some patients experience a recurrence of their symptoms even after they have been treated for typhoid. This is called a relapse. […] Although acute symptoms subside within a few days of antibiotic treatment, patients who have typhoid often take at least 2 months to recover fully. […] The body pain, fatigue and poor digestive function can take as long as 6 months to subside.

• #131 Typhoid Fever Vaccine, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm

  Typhoid fever symptoms include: poor appetite, headaches, diarrhea, generalized aches and pains, fever, and lethargy. […] The patient experiences the following: poor appetite; abdominal pain and peritonitis; headaches; generalized aches and pains and weakness; high fever, often up to 104 F; lethargy (usually only if untreated); intestinal bleeding or perforation (after 2-3 weeks of the disease); cough; diarrhea; or constipation. […] People with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103 F-104 F (39 C-40 C). […] The incubation period is usually 1-2 weeks, and the duration of the illness is about 4-6 weeks. […] Improvement occurs in the third and fourth weeks in those without complications. About 10% of patients have recurrent symptoms (relapse) after feeling better for 1-2 weeks. Relapses are more common in individuals treated with antibiotics.

• #132 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  A transient, maculopapular rash of rose spots can occasionally be seen on the trunk. […] The clinical presentation is often confused with malaria. […] Untreated, the disease can last for a month, and case-fatality ratios from the pre-antibiotic era have been reported at 10%. […] By comparison, the case-fatality ratio in patients who receive prompt medical care is usually 1%. […] Serious complications of typhoid fever occur in 10%-15% of hospitalized patients, generally after 2-3 weeks of illness, and include life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, and encephalopathy. […] Paratyphoid fever appears to have a case-fatality ratio roughly half that of typhoid fever.

• #133 Typhoid Fever – Infections – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/typhoid-fever

  During the second week, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots develops on the chest and abdomen in about 5 to 30% of people. […] People may be constipated at first, but after 2 weeks, diarrhea may occur. In about 1 to 2% of people, the intestine is torn (perforated) or bleeds. A few people have severe, sometimes life-threatening bleeding. […] If infection spreads to other organs, symptoms of those infections may also develop. […] In up to 10% of untreated people, symptoms return about 2 weeks after the fever goes away.

• #134 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #135 Typhoid Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/infections-and-contagious-diseases/typhoid-fever

  Symptoms of typhoid fever typically develop around 1–2 weeks after the bacteria enter your body. Symptoms you may experience include: sustained fever as high as 103–104°F (39–40°C), headache, weakness, stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation, cough, a loss of appetite. […] Some people also develop a flat, rose-colored, spotted rash. In rare cases, internal bleeding can also occur. […] People typically experience complications around the third week of untreated typhoid. Complications include internal bleeding and perforation of the digestive system. […] Symptoms of internal bleeding include: tiredness, pale skin, breathlessness, an irregular heartbeat, vomiting blood, dark or tar-like feces. […] The most common symptom of peritonitis is sudden and increasing abdominal pain. […] Although typhoid fever may go away on its own, the symptoms will get progressively worse if you do not receive treatment. The risks of life threatening complications such as internal bleeding also increase if you do not receive treatment. […] Symptoms of typhoid include fever, stomach pain, and diarrhea or constipation. After you start a course of antibiotics, these symptoms should begin to ease within around 3–5 days.

• #136 Typhoid Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/

  With symptoms often presenting subtly, clinicians must grasp the nuances of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, recognizing signs such as fever, fatigue, anorexia, headache, malaise, and abdominal discomfort. […] Following an incubation period of 6 to 30 days, enteric fever presents insidiously with the gradual onset of fever with fatigue, anorexia, headache, malaise, and abdominal symptoms. If treatment is delayed or inadequate, meningitis, sepsis, or intestinal perforation can occur. […] Increasing fever begins with the persistent secondary bacteremia of established infection. […] The gallbladder is colonized through hematogenous or local spread, more commonly if gallstones or structural abnormalities are present. […] The total white count, lymphocytes, platelets, and neutrophils begin to drop with the onset of symptoms.

• #137 Typhoid Fever

  https://www.massgeneral.org/condition/typhoid-fever

  Complications of typhoid fever include intestinal bleeding, persistent fever and weakness, and spread of the germ to various parts of the body. The complications can sometimes be life-threatening. […] Once your symptoms are gone, you may still have the typhoid bacteria in your body. Follow up with your healthcare provider to make sure the bacteria are completely gone and that you are not still a carrier. […] Symptoms include a high fever, weakness, belly pains, headache, and loss of appetite. Sometimes, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.

• #138 What is Typhoid Fever: Causes, Signs & Symptoms, and Different Stages | Max Hospital

  https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-typhoid-fever

  Stage 1: Initial phase (1st week) The fever gradually increases in severity, often reaching up to 104F (40C). Persistent headaches, general malaise, and a feeling of weakness are common. There is a noticeable decrease in appetite, and mild discomfort or pain in the stomach area can occur. Constipation is more common than diarrhoea at this stage, especially in adults. […] Stage 2: Acute phase (2nd week) The fever remains high and constant. Abdominal pain worsens, and diarrhoea may occur, particularly in children, while constipation continues to be more common in adults. A rash known as „rose spots” may develop on the trunk and chest. Severe fatigue and mental confusion or delirium, known as „typhoid state,” are also observed. […] Stage 3: Toxic phase (3rd week) All symptoms intensify, with a high risk of severe complications. Intestinal perforation can occur, leading to severe abdominal pain and peritonitis. The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream, causing sepsis, and severe dehydration may result from prolonged high fever and diarrhoea.

• #139 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  During the second week, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenomegaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double beat, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop. […] In the third week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with significant weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. Some patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and even psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may lead to bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be masked by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia, myocarditis, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.

• #140 Typhoid – Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis – MedBroadcast.com

  https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/typhoid

  Typhoid is usually curable, but some bacterial strains are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. […] Symptoms usually appear 1 or 2 weeks after infection but may take as long as 3 weeks to appear. Typhoid usually causes a high, sustained fever, often as high as 40C (104F), and extreme exhaustion. […] With antibiotic treatment, symptoms start to subside after 5 to 7 days, but without treatment they continue to get worse for several weeks, and more than 10% of untreated people may die. […] Many people suffer from mild intestinal bleeding, but it is severe in only a small minority of cases. The main way typhoid kills is by causing perforation of the small intestines, causing bacteria to pour into the abdominal cavity. This condition is called peritonitis, and is often fatal. […] Other complications of typhoid occur when a large number of bacteria get into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia. They can travel to the lungs, causing pneumonia, or to the lining of the brain (meningitis), the bones (osteomyelitis), the heart valves (endocarditis), the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), the genital or urinary tract, or the muscles. Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) can also occur.

• #141 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Poor outcomes are more likely when diagnosis or treatment of typhoid fever is delayed. Typhoid fever caused by antimicrobial-resistant serotypes is more likely to lead to severe disease and complications. Certain typhoid fever symptoms are also associated with a poor prognosis; these include hypotensive shock, hypothermia, seizure, anemia, leukocytosis, or a decrease in alertness. […] An estimated 0.95% of typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases end in fatality, resulting in 135,900 deaths per year globally. Mortality from typhoid fever is more common in lower-income countries, particularly those in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Children and older adults have the highest mortality rates from typhoid fever. Some studies have reported that children aged 5 to 9 years have a worse prognosis than older children and adolescents, while other research has found that fatality rates peak in children younger than 5.

• #142 Typhoid: Symptoms, Causes, and Vaccination

  https://www.healthline.com/health/typhoid

  Typhoid fever is a serious bacterial infection that easily spreads through contaminated water and food. Along with high fever, it can cause abdominal pains, headache, and loss of appetite. […] It can take a week or two after infection for symptoms to appear. Some of these symptoms are: high fever, weakness, stomach pain, headache, poor appetite, rash, fatigue, confusion, constipation, diarrhea. […] Serious complications are rare but can include intestinal bleeding or perforations in the intestine. This can lead to a life threatening bloodstream infection (sepsis). Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain. […] Without treatment, typhoid can lead to serious, life threatening complications. Worldwide, there are between 128,000 and 161,000 typhoid-related deaths per year. […] With treatment, most people start to improve within 3 to 5 days. Almost everyone who receives prompt treatment makes a full recovery.

• #143 Typhoid Fever

  https://www.massgeneral.org/condition/typhoid-fever

  Complications of typhoid fever include intestinal bleeding, persistent fever and weakness, and spread of the germ to various parts of the body. The complications can sometimes be life-threatening. […] Once your symptoms are gone, you may still have the typhoid bacteria in your body. Follow up with your healthcare provider to make sure the bacteria are completely gone and that you are not still a carrier. […] Symptoms include a high fever, weakness, belly pains, headache, and loss of appetite. Sometimes, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear.

• #144 Typhoid Fever Symptoms, Causes & Stages | BLK Hospital

  https://www.blkmaxhospital.com/blogs/understanding-typhoid-fever

  Typhoid fever symptoms include fever, headache, cough, muscle aches or pains, weakness or severe fatigue, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhoea. […] Initial symptoms include fever, headache, and abdominal pain. […] Symptoms intensify, especially fever and gastrointestinal issues, with risk of complications. […] Severe complications may arise, affecting various organs. […] Recovery begins or, in critical cases, complications may worsen and require hospitalisation. […] Without appropriate treatment, typhoid can lead to serious complications by the third week of infection. […] Symptoms may include vomiting blood, breathlessness, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, and dark-coloured stools. […] A critical condition where bacteria cause infection in the peritoneum (abdominal lining), leading to sudden, severe abdominal pain and risk of diffuse peritonitis. […] Stage IV may involve kidney failure, pneumonia, severe infections, and meningitis.

• #145 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #146 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #147 Typhoid Fever – Symptoms, Causes, Complications & Prevention PACE Hospitals – Best Hospitals in Hitech City, Hyderabad, India | Near Madhapur, Kukatpally, KPHB, Kondapur, Gachibowli, Jubilee Hills, Banjara HillsPACE Hospitals Contact Numb

  https://www.pacehospital.com/typhoid-fever-symptoms-causes

  Fourth stage: Extremely high fever is the defining feature of this typhoid stage. Over a few days, the fever, mental state, and abdominal discomfort gradually improved. Patients who are not treated could develop intestinal and neurological issues. Loss of weight and extreme weakness (may last for months). Some patients with an asymptomatic carrier condition can continue transmitting the bacterium.

• #148 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Disease Advisor

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/ddi/typhoid-fever/

  Poor outcomes are more likely when diagnosis or treatment of typhoid fever is delayed. Typhoid fever caused by antimicrobial-resistant serotypes is more likely to lead to severe disease and complications. Certain typhoid fever symptoms are also associated with a poor prognosis; these include hypotensive shock, hypothermia, seizure, anemia, leukocytosis, or a decrease in alertness. […] An estimated 0.95% of typhoid and paratyphoid fever cases end in fatality, resulting in 135,900 deaths per year globally. Mortality from typhoid fever is more common in lower-income countries, particularly those in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Children and older adults have the highest mortality rates from typhoid fever. Some studies have reported that children aged 5 to 9 years have a worse prognosis than older children and adolescents, while other research has found that fatality rates peak in children younger than 5.

• #149

  https://consensus.app/questions/what-symptoms-typhoid-fever/

  Certain clinical signs are considered classic for typhoid fever, although they may not always be present. These include rose spots, which are small, rose-colored rashes that appear on the abdomen and chest, and relative bradycardia, where the heart rate is slower than expected for the level of fever. Hepatosplenomegaly, or the enlargement of the liver and spleen, is another notable sign. […] Severe complications of typhoid fever can be life-threatening and include encephalopathy, cardiovascular collapse, acute renal failure, pneumonitis, hepatic failure, severe anemia, and haematophagocytic syndrome. These complications are more likely to occur in patients who have been ill for an extended period before receiving treatment. […] Typhoid fever presents with a wide range of symptoms, from general signs like fever and headache to severe gastrointestinal and neurologic complications. Recognizing these symptoms early and confirming the diagnosis through appropriate tests is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of transmission.

• #150 Typhoid fever | Definition, Symptoms, & Treatment | Britannica

  https://www.britannica.com/science/typhoid-fever

  During about the second week of fever, typhoid bacilli are present in great numbers in the bloodstream. At that point, some patients develop a rash of small rose-coloured spots on the trunk, which lasts four or five days and then fades away. The lymph follicles (Peyer patches) along the intestinal wall in which the typhoid bacilli have multiplied become inflamed and necrotic and may slough off, leaving ulcers in the walls of the intestine. The dead fragments of intestinal tissue may erode blood vessels, causing hemorrhage, or they may perforate the intestinal wall, allowing the intestines contents to enter the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis). Other complications can include acute inflammation of the gallbladder, heart failure, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, encephalitis, and meningitis. With a continued high fever, the symptoms usually increase in intensity, and mental confusion and delirium may appear.

• #151 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #152 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #153 Typhoid Fever (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/typhoid.html

  Typhoid fever can come on suddenly or very gradually over a few weeks. The disease usually causes a high fever, a stomachache, and achiness a week or two after exposure to the bacteria (but sometimes later). […] If the infection isn’t treated, a person may lose weight; develop a swollen or bloated belly; or develop a red, spotted rash on the lower chest or upper belly. Without treatment, typhoid fever may last a month or more and become very serious, even life-threatening. […] In most cases, the symptoms start to go away in the third and fourth weeks, as long as the disease doesn’t cause any other health problems. Sometimes, after the illness seems gone it can come back. […] After recovering from typhoid fever, some people become carriers of the bacteria. This means that they’ll have no symptoms, but do have the bacteria in their bodies and can pass it on to others.

• #154 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  Chronic carriers are responsible for much of the transmission of the organism. While asymptomatic, they may continue to shed bacteria in their stool for decades. The organisms sequester themselves either as a biofilm on gallstones or gallbladder epithelium or, perhaps, intracellularly, within the epithelium itself.

• #155 Typhoid and paratyphoid fever | NT.GOV.AU

  https://nt.gov.au/wellbeing/health-conditions-treatments/bacterial/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever

  The time between infection and the appearance of symptoms can vary, but generally people show symptoms around 8 to 14 days after they were infected but it can be up to 2 months. […] People with typhoid can shed the bacteria in their faeces for 2 to 6 weeks. Between 1 to 4% of people continue to shed the bacteria for months or years if not treated with antibiotics.

• #156 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  Chronic carriers are responsible for much of the transmission of the organism. While asymptomatic, they may continue to shed bacteria in their stool for decades. The organisms sequester themselves either as a biofilm on gallstones or gallbladder epithelium or, perhaps, intracellularly, within the epithelium itself.

• #157 Typhoid Fever (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/typhoid.html

  Typhoid fever can come on suddenly or very gradually over a few weeks. The disease usually causes a high fever, a stomachache, and achiness a week or two after exposure to the bacteria (but sometimes later). […] If the infection isn’t treated, a person may lose weight; develop a swollen or bloated belly; or develop a red, spotted rash on the lower chest or upper belly. Without treatment, typhoid fever may last a month or more and become very serious, even life-threatening. […] In most cases, the symptoms start to go away in the third and fourth weeks, as long as the disease doesn’t cause any other health problems. Sometimes, after the illness seems gone it can come back. […] After recovering from typhoid fever, some people become carriers of the bacteria. This means that they’ll have no symptoms, but do have the bacteria in their bodies and can pass it on to others.

• #158 Typhoid Fever – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/

  With symptoms often presenting subtly, clinicians must grasp the nuances of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, recognizing signs such as fever, fatigue, anorexia, headache, malaise, and abdominal discomfort. […] Following an incubation period of 6 to 30 days, enteric fever presents insidiously with the gradual onset of fever with fatigue, anorexia, headache, malaise, and abdominal symptoms. If treatment is delayed or inadequate, meningitis, sepsis, or intestinal perforation can occur. […] Increasing fever begins with the persistent secondary bacteremia of established infection. […] The gallbladder is colonized through hematogenous or local spread, more commonly if gallstones or structural abnormalities are present. […] The total white count, lymphocytes, platelets, and neutrophils begin to drop with the onset of symptoms.

• #159 Typhoid Fever: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview

  Chronic carriers are responsible for much of the transmission of the organism. While asymptomatic, they may continue to shed bacteria in their stool for decades. The organisms sequester themselves either as a biofilm on gallstones or gallbladder epithelium or, perhaps, intracellularly, within the epithelium itself.

• #160 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  Typhoid fever is a severe bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It primarily spreads through contaminated food and water, making it more common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean drinking water. Typhoid is often associated with areas where hygiene practices are compromised, leading to a higher risk of infection. […] Common symptoms of typhoid fever include persistent high fever, severe abdominal pain, digestive issues such as diarrhoea or constipation, and extreme fatigue. These symptoms typically appear one to two weeks after exposure and can worsen if left untreated. […] Without proper treatment, typhoid can lead to life-threatening complications, such as internal bleeding or organ damage. […] As you start recovering from typhoid, several key signs indicate your health is improving. These signs show that your body is healing and responding well to treatment:

• #161 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  One of the first signs of recovery is a gradual improvement in appetite. As the digestive system begins to heal, you’ll start feeling hungry again and can tolerate food better. […] Fever is one of the main symptoms of typhoid, and its reduction is a positive sign. As antibiotics take effect, the fever decreases and stabilises, showing that your body is fighting the infection effectively. […] Typhoid causes extreme fatigue, but you’ll notice a gradual energy return as recovery progresses. Performing daily tasks without feeling exhausted is a critical indicator that you are improving. […] Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are common during typhoid, will start to subside. Regular bowel movements return as your digestive system recovers and discomfort decreases.

• #162 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  One of the first signs of recovery is a gradual improvement in appetite. As the digestive system begins to heal, you’ll start feeling hungry again and can tolerate food better. […] Fever is one of the main symptoms of typhoid, and its reduction is a positive sign. As antibiotics take effect, the fever decreases and stabilises, showing that your body is fighting the infection effectively. […] Typhoid causes extreme fatigue, but you’ll notice a gradual energy return as recovery progresses. Performing daily tasks without feeling exhausted is a critical indicator that you are improving. […] Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are common during typhoid, will start to subside. Regular bowel movements return as your digestive system recovers and discomfort decreases.

• #163 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #164 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  One of the first signs of recovery is a gradual improvement in appetite. As the digestive system begins to heal, you’ll start feeling hungry again and can tolerate food better. […] Fever is one of the main symptoms of typhoid, and its reduction is a positive sign. As antibiotics take effect, the fever decreases and stabilises, showing that your body is fighting the infection effectively. […] Typhoid causes extreme fatigue, but you’ll notice a gradual energy return as recovery progresses. Performing daily tasks without feeling exhausted is a critical indicator that you are improving. […] Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are common during typhoid, will start to subside. Regular bowel movements return as your digestive system recovers and discomfort decreases.

• #165 Typhoid Fever: it’s Stages, How Long Does it Last, Recovery, Price, & More

  https://redcliffelabs.com/myhealth/lab-test/typhoid-fever-stages-how-long-does-it-last-price-and-more/

  Typhoid fever can last for approximately 3-4 weeks with an incubation period of around 1-2 weeks. According to the National Health Society (NHS), if typhoid fever is diagnosed early and antibiotic treatment is started immediately, you may recover in 7 – 14 days. […] The main symptoms of typhoid fever are: […] The high temperature slowly increases every day. […] Aches and pains […] Headaches […] Cough […] Constipation […] Extreme tiredness […] Loss of appetite […] Faint pink spots on your chest or stomach […] nausea and vomiting […] Muscles aches. […] The signs of recovery from typhoid fever generally include easing of the symptoms of typhoid fever such as: […] Improvement in appetite […] Relief from headache, abdominal pain, and other pains in the body […] Normal body temperature, that is, no fever […] Feeling less lethargic […] Relief from diarrhoea […] No congestion in the chest […] Less discomfort.

• #166 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #167 Signs Of Recovery From Typhoid – Heritage Hospitals

  https://heritagehospitals.com/blog/signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid/

  One of the first signs of recovery is a gradual improvement in appetite. As the digestive system begins to heal, you’ll start feeling hungry again and can tolerate food better. […] Fever is one of the main symptoms of typhoid, and its reduction is a positive sign. As antibiotics take effect, the fever decreases and stabilises, showing that your body is fighting the infection effectively. […] Typhoid causes extreme fatigue, but you’ll notice a gradual energy return as recovery progresses. Performing daily tasks without feeling exhausted is a critical indicator that you are improving. […] Symptoms such as diarrhoea, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are common during typhoid, will start to subside. Regular bowel movements return as your digestive system recovers and discomfort decreases.

• #168 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #169 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #170 Your Family Physician’s Guide to Typhoid Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery

  https://www.kauveryhospital.com/blog/family-and-general-medicine/typhoid-fever-recovery-long-term-care-strategies/

  Headaches occur due to dehydration. As the infection progresses, you may lose your appetite, have muscle aches. Rashes are also associated in Enteric Fever. If untreated, the symptoms will continue to get worse. […] Once diagnosed, typhoid is treated with antibiotics to kill the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. The infection can usually be treated at home, as long as the patient is able to tolerate oral feeds. […] The patients symptoms will begin to improve within 2 to 3 days of starting the antibiotics. […] Some patients experience a recurrence of their symptoms even after they have been treated for typhoid. This is called a relapse. […] Although acute symptoms subside within a few days of antibiotic treatment, patients who have typhoid often take at least 2 months to recover fully. […] The body pain, fatigue and poor digestive function can take as long as 6 months to subside.

• #171 Signs of Recovery from Typhoid: How to Track Your Progress

  https://www.apollo247.com/blog/article/%20signs-of-recovery-from-typhoid-how-to-track-your-progress-and-know-youre-recovering

  For most patients, full recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks. Most of the symptoms should have subsided by now, and any lingering fatigue or weakness will gradually diminish. […] A fever reduction is one of the first and most noticeable signs of recovery. When the antibiotics start to work, the high fever characteristic of typhoid fever should begin to subside. […] Regaining your appetite is an important milestone in recovery. […] As your recovery progresses, you should begin to notice a steady increase in your energy levels. […] As your condition improves, this discomfort should begin to lessen. […] As the infection improves, these symptoms should decrease. […] Return to normal bowel movements is an important sign of recovery. […] These symptoms should resolve as you recover, and your blood pressure and heart rate will return to normal. […] A reduction in facial pallor and a healthier appearance are signs of a body on the mend.

• #172 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #173 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #174 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #175 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #176 Typhoid Fever – Infectious Diseases – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negative-bacilli/typhoid-fever

  Late in the disease, when intestinal lesions are most prominent, florid diarrhea may occur, and the stool may contain blood (occult in 20% of patients, gross in 10%). In about 2% of patients, severe bleeding occurs during the third week, with a high case fatality rate. An acute abdomen and leukocytosis during the third week may suggest intestinal perforation, which usually involves the distal ileum and occurs in 1 to 2% of patients. […] Atypical presentations of typhoid fever, such as pneumonitis, fever only, or, very rarely, symptoms consistent with urinary tract infection, may delay diagnosis. […] In up to 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever, symptoms and signs similar to the initial clinical syndrome recur about 2 weeks after defervescence.

• #177 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #178 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #179 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #180 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #181 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  Young children, individuals with AIDS, and at least one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipation. […] Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone. Some patients, especially in India and Africa, present primarily with neurologic manifestations such as delirium or, in extremely rare cases, parkinsonian symptoms or Guillain-Barr syndrome. Other unusual complications include pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis, osteomyelitis, and abscesses anywhere on the body. […] If appropriate treatment is initiated within the first few days of full-blown illness, the disease begins to remit after about 2 days, and the patient’s condition markedly improves within 4-5 days. Any delay in treatment increases the likelihood of complications and recovery time.

• #182 Symptoms of Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever | Typhoid Fever | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/signs-symptoms/index.html

  Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever have similar symptoms. […] The most common symptom is a fever. […] Fever is common. […] The fever can be as high as 103-104F (39-40C). […] The fever usually is sustained (does not come and go). […] People can have other symptoms, including: Weakness, Stomach pain, Headache, Constipation or diarrhea, Cough, Loss of appetite. […] Some people get a rash with flat, rose-colored spots. […] Without treatment, your fever can last for weeks or months. […] You also can develop other health problems. […] These health problems can be very dangerous and might lead to death. […] If your symptoms go away without treatment, you might still carry the bacteria that made you sick and it can spread to others or cause your illness to return.

• #183 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #184 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  Typhoid fever is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] The typical incubation period for typhoid fever is 6-30 days, compared with 1-10 days for paratyphoid fever, although the range may vary with host factors and infectious dose. […] Illness onset is insidious, with gradually increasing fatigue and a fever that increases daily from low-grade to 39C-40C (approximately 102F-104F) by the third or fourth day of illness. […] Fever is commonly lowest in the morning, peaking in the late afternoon or evening. […] Anorexia, headache, and malaise are nearly universal, and abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea are common. […] Diarrhea and vomiting are more common in children than in adults. […] People also can have dry cough, fatigue, myalgias, and sore throat. […] Hepatosplenomegaly often can be detected.

• #185 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #186 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #187 Typhoid and paratyphoid | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/typhoid-and-paratyphoid

  Symptoms and signs include diarrhoea, fever, tiredness, enlarged spleen and liver, and characteristic skin rash. […] Symptoms and signs of typhoid range from mild to severe, can last for about one month without treatment, and may include: fever, fatigue or tiredness, malaise (general feeling of unwellness), sore throat, persistent cough, headache, slower than usual heart rate, sweating, nausea (feeling sick), abdominal pains, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhoea, lack of appetite and weight loss, reddened skin rash on the chest and stomach, mental changes such as confusion, blood poisoning (septicaemia), enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), enlarged liver (hepatomegaly). […] Compared to typhoid, paratyphoid generally has similar but milder symptoms, a faster recovery time and fewer complications. […] Without prompt medical treatment, typhoid and paratyphoid fevers can be fatal. […] The onset of symptoms may be slow, gradually worsening over about three or four days. Untreated, the illness typically lasts about four weeks. Any complications tend to occur after about two or three weeks.

• #188 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/typhoid-and-paratyphoid-fever.html

  A transient, maculopapular rash of rose spots can occasionally be seen on the trunk. […] The clinical presentation is often confused with malaria. […] Untreated, the disease can last for a month, and case-fatality ratios from the pre-antibiotic era have been reported at 10%. […] By comparison, the case-fatality ratio in patients who receive prompt medical care is usually 1%. […] Serious complications of typhoid fever occur in 10%-15% of hospitalized patients, generally after 2-3 weeks of illness, and include life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, and encephalopathy. […] Paratyphoid fever appears to have a case-fatality ratio roughly half that of typhoid fever.

• #189 Typhoid Fever Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-clinical

  S typhi and paratyphi are clinically indistinguishable from each other. Symptoms of disease develop 7-14 days after ingestion of the organism. The peaks and troughs of fever rise progressively in stepwise fashion. […] Over the course of the first week of illness, a wide variety gastrointestinal symptoms of the disease develop. These include diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right upper quadrant pain. Inflamed Peyer patches narrow the bowel lumen to the point of causing significant constipation that may persist for the duration of the illness. If untreated the individual may develop a dry cough, dull frontal headache, delirium, and severe malaise associated with marked stupor. […] Seven to 10 days into the illness, the fever plateaus at 103-104F (39-40C). The patient develop Rose Spots, salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules that are 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number. These generally resolve within 2-5 days.

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