Gorączka doliny – Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Gorączka doliny
Rokowania, prognozy i postęp choroby

Gorączka doliny (koksydioidomikoza) to infekcja układu oddechowego wywoływana przez wdychanie artrospor grzybów Coccidioides spp., występujących w suchych, gorących rejonach zachodniej półkuli. Większość pacjentów (ponad 90%) reaguje dobrze na leczenie przeciwgrzybicze, z pełnym wyzdrowieniem, jednak 5-10% rozwija powikłania lub przewlekłą chorobę płuc. Śmiertelność jest niska (<1%), ale wzrasta u pacjentów z zajęciem ośrodkowego układu nerwowego, rozległą chorobą płuc (zwłaszcza u osób zakażonych HIV) oraz u pacjentów wymagających hospitalizacji. Rozsiana koksydioidomikoza występuje w około 1% przypadków, najczęściej obejmując kości, stawy, tkanki miękkie i opony mózgowe, i wymaga leczenia flukonazolem lub amfoterycyną B. Objawy pojawiają się zwykle 1-3 tygodnie po ekspozycji, ale mogą nawracać nawet po latach u osób z osłabioną odpornością.

Prognoza (rokowanie) w Gorączce Doliny

Ogólne rokowanie
Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie
Rodzaje przebiegu choroby
Nawroty choroby
Czynniki zmniejszające ryzyko
Badania i monitorowanie
Prognozy na przyszłość
Kolejne rozdziały

Prognoza (rokowanie) w Gorączce Doliny

Gorączka doliny (koksydioidomikoza) to choroba układu oddechowego wywoływana przez wdychanie artrospor, rodzaju zarodników wytwarzanych przez grzyby z rodzaju Coccidioides spp., występujące w suchych, gorących ekosystemach zachodniej półkuli. Rokowanie w przypadku tej choroby zależy od wielu czynników, w tym od wczesnego rozpoznania, zastosowanego leczenia oraz nasilenia i lokalizacji zakażenia.¹²

Ogólne rokowanie

Większość pacjentów z gorączką doliny wraca do zdrowia bez długotrwałych następstw, zwłaszcza przy wczesnym rozpoznaniu i odpowiednim leczeniu przeciwgrzybiczym. Statystyki wskazują, że ponad 90% przypadków odpowiada na leczenie i następuje pełne wyzdrowienie. Jednak około 5-10% pacjentów nie wraca do zdrowia i rozwija powikłania lub przewlekłą chorobę płuc.³⁴⁵⁶⁷

Objawy gorączki doliny zwykle ustępują samoistnie po kilku tygodniach lub miesiącach. Niewielka liczba pacjentów może wymagać przyjmowania leków przeciwgrzybiczych przez całe życie, a mały odsetek, niestety, umiera z powodu tej choroby pomimo leczenia farmakologicznego. Mniej niż 1% osób ze zdiagnozowaną gorączką doliny umiera z jej powodu.⁸⁹

Czynniki wpływające na rokowanie

Różne czynniki mogą wpływać na przebieg i rokowanie w gorączce doliny:

Lokalizacja i rozległość zakażenia

Pacjenci z niepowikłanym (łagodnym do umiarkowanego) zakażeniem ograniczonym tylko do płuc mają najlepsze rokowanie i zwykle najszybciej reagują na leczenie. Natomiast pacjenci z chorobą obejmującą wiele lokalizacji w organizmie, słabo reagujący na leczenie lub z postępującą chorobą mimo stosowania leków, mają bardziej ostrożne rokowanie.¹⁰

Szczególnie niekorzystne rokowanie dotyczy pacjentów z zajęciem ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (mózgu i rdzenia kręgowego), co może prowadzić do drgawek i innych objawów neurologicznych. W przypadku braku leczenia, koksydioidomikoza w mózgu może być śmiertelna.¹¹¹²¹³

Ciężkość choroby i odpowiedź na leczenie

Dla pacjentów, którzy są poważnie chorzy, wymagający hospitalizacji i terapii wspomagającej, rokowanie może być niepomyślne. Niektórzy pacjenci nie wracają do zdrowia pomimo najlepszych wysiłków, albo z powodu ciężkości choroby w momencie diagnozy, albo z powodu długotrwałej, słabo reagującej na leczenie choroby.¹⁴¹⁵

Czynniki ryzyka i grupy podatne

Dane sugerują, że ryzyko zakażenia gorączką doliny może być większe dla osób pochodzenia indiańskiego lub rdzennych mieszkańców Alaski, a ryzyko ciężkiej choroby może być większe wśród osób rasy czarnej lub pochodzenia filipińskiego. Śmiertelność jest wysoka u osób zakażonych HIV z rozległą chorobą płuc.¹⁶¹⁷

Rodzaje przebiegu choroby

Rozsiana postać choroby

Rozsiana choroba występuje w około 1% przypadków. Wyższe wskaźniki rozsiewu obserwuje się w niektórych grupach ryzyka, z najczęstszym zajęciem kości/stawów, tkanek miękkich i opon mózgowych. U osób, u których rozwija się postępująca, przewlekła lub rozsiana choroba, objawy mogą utrzymywać się przez miesiące lub nawet dłużej.¹⁸¹⁹

Rozsiana koksydioidomikoza wymaga leczenia przeciwgrzybiczego, zazwyczaj flukonazolem lub amfoterycyną B.²⁰

Przewlekła płucna koksydioidomikoza

Niewielka liczba osób może mieć trwającą chorobę płuc. Jeśli utrzymuje się przez długi czas, zwykle nazywana jest przewlekłą płucną koksydioidomikozą, a nie gorączką doliny. Może być bezobjawowa lub powodować objawy takie jak przewlekły kaszel, odkrztuszanie krwi (krwioplucie), utrata wagi, ból w klatce piersiowej i duszność.²¹

Nawroty choroby

Objawy zwykle pojawiają się od jednego do trzech tygodni po ekspozycji na grzyb. Jednak u niektórych osób, które nie są leczone z powodu zakażenia lub u których dochodzi do zmiany w układzie odpornościowym, zakażenie i objawy mogą powrócić po miesiącach lub latach od czasu pierwszego zakażenia.²²

Czynniki zmniejszające ryzyko

Badania wskazują na skuteczność środków ochrony indywidualnej w zmniejszaniu ryzyka zakażenia. Największe ryzyko występuje w scenariuszach bez maski, przy czym redukcja ryzyka zależy od rodzaju używanej maski. Maski N95 zapewniają do 99% redukcji ryzyka.²³

Dzienne ryzyko rozwoju gorączki doliny waha się od 2,53×10⁻⁷ (sadzenie ręczne w masce N95) do 1,33×10⁻³ (zbiory maszynowe bez maski). Najwyższe przewidywane ryzyko wynika ze scenariusza, w którym pracownik rolny obsługuje maszynę żniwną bez zamkniętej kabiny lub środków ochrony indywidualnej.²⁴²⁵

Badania i monitorowanie

Nowe badania prowadzone przez naukowców z University of California, Davis, pokazują, że psy, które również są podatne na tę chorobę, mogą pomóc nam zrozumieć jej rozprzestrzenianie się. Psy są sentinelami (zwierzętami wskaźnikowymi) dla infekcji ludzkich, co może przyczynić się do lepszego zrozumienia epidemiologii gorączki doliny. Uczenie się więcej o gorączce doliny u psów może prowadzić do odkrycia nowych testów lub metod leczenia tej choroby u ludzi.²⁶

Prognozy na przyszłość

Obecnie dostępne modele przewidują ekspansję siedliska Coccidioides w całej wschodniej części stanu Waszyngton. Jeśli te modele są poprawne, możemy spodziewać się rosnącej liczby osób narażonych na ekspozycję na gorączkę doliny w stanie Waszyngton i innych regionach. Wzrost częstości występowania choroby w południowo-zachodnich Stanach Zjednoczonych w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach przypisuje się warunkom środowiskowym, zaburzeniom gleby spowodowanym działalnością człowieka oraz powiększającej się populacji na obszarach dotkniętych chorobą.²⁷²⁸

Kolejne rozdziały

Zapraszamy do dalszego czytania naszego leksykonu.

Wybierz kolejny rozdział z menu poniżej, aby otworzyć nową podstronę kompedium wiedzy i uzyskać szczegółowe informację o leku, substancji lub chorobie.

Materiały źródłowe

#1 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
Valley Fever is a respiratory disease caused by inhalation of arthroconidia, a type of spore produced by fungi within the genus Coccidioides spp. which are found in dry, hot ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere. […] Median daily workday risks for developing Valley Fever ranged from 2.53107 (planting by hand while wearing an N95 facemask) to 1.33103 (machine harvesting while not wearing a facemask). […] Most people infected with Valley Fever recover, with 5-10% of patients developing long-term lung infections. […] Increasing incidence of the disease in the Southwestern United States in recent decades has been attributed to environmental conditions, soil disturbances due to human activity, and expanding populations in affected areas. […] The probability of an adverse outcome given the pathogen dose is calculated using a dose-response relationship, and contributions to variability and uncertainty are typically assessed via a simulation that can inform management interventions.
#2 Dogs Could Help Predict Valley Fever Spread in Humans | UC Davis
https://www.ucdavis.edu/health/news/dogs-could-help-predict-valley-fever-spread-humans
Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, is caused by a fungus that thrives in moist soils and becomes airborne during drought. […] A new study by University of California, Davis, researchers shows that dogs, who are also susceptible to the disease, can help us understand its spread. […] Dogs are sentinels for human infections, said lead author Jane Sykes, professor of small animal internal medicine at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. […] The study found valley fever in dogs those states, but also in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado. […] Sykes suggested that dogs are an under-recognized model for understanding valley fever. By learning more about valley fever in dogs, scientists may discover new tests or treatments for the disease in humans.
#3 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. […] Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. […] A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment. […] Dogs with disease in many locations in their bodies, dogs responding poorly to treatment, and dogs who have progressive disease in the face of medication, carry the most guarded prognoses. […] Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. […] For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave.
#4 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Some dogs do not recover in spite of everyone’s best efforts, either due to the severity of illness at the time of diagnosis or because of long-standing, poorly responsive disease. […] Statistics regarding how many dogs recover compared to those which do not are not available, but in general, more than 90% of dogs respond and recover.
#5 Clinical Overview of Valley Fever | Valley Fever | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Approximately 5 to 10% of patients fail to recover and develop complications or chronic pulmonary disease. […] Disseminated disease occurs in an estimated 1% of cases. Higher rates of dissemination are observed in certain risk groups, with bones/joints, soft tissues, and meninges most commonly affected. […] In persons who develop progressive, chronic, or disseminated disease, symptoms may persist for months or even longer. Mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. […] Disseminated coccidioidomycosis requires antifungal treatment, typically fluconazole or amphotericin B.
#6 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
Valley Fever is a respiratory disease caused by inhalation of arthroconidia, a type of spore produced by fungi within the genus Coccidioides spp. which are found in dry, hot ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere. […] Median daily workday risks for developing Valley Fever ranged from 2.53107 (planting by hand while wearing an N95 facemask) to 1.33103 (machine harvesting while not wearing a facemask). […] Most people infected with Valley Fever recover, with 5-10% of patients developing long-term lung infections. […] Increasing incidence of the disease in the Southwestern United States in recent decades has been attributed to environmental conditions, soil disturbances due to human activity, and expanding populations in affected areas. […] The probability of an adverse outcome given the pathogen dose is calculated using a dose-response relationship, and contributions to variability and uncertainty are typically assessed via a simulation that can inform management interventions.
#7 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#8 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. […] Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. […] A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment. […] Dogs with disease in many locations in their bodies, dogs responding poorly to treatment, and dogs who have progressive disease in the face of medication, carry the most guarded prognoses. […] Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. […] For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave.
#9 Valley Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17754-valley-fever
In most cases, people with Valley fever infections recover without any long-term effects. A small number of people develop ongoing lung infections that may take several years to resolve. Less than 1% of people diagnosed with Valley fever die from it. […] In rare cases, the fungus can move to other parts of your body. If left untreated, coccidioidomycosis in your brain can be fatal. […] Symptoms of Valley fever usually go away on their own after a few weeks or months. […] A small number of people can have ongoing disease in their lungs. If it goes on for a long time, it’s usually called chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis instead of Valley fever. This may be symptomless or cause symptoms like chronic cough, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), weight loss, chest pain, and shortness of breath (dyspnea).
#10 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. […] Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. […] A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment. […] Dogs with disease in many locations in their bodies, dogs responding poorly to treatment, and dogs who have progressive disease in the face of medication, carry the most guarded prognoses. […] Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. […] For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave.
#11 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. […] Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. […] A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment. […] Dogs with disease in many locations in their bodies, dogs responding poorly to treatment, and dogs who have progressive disease in the face of medication, carry the most guarded prognoses. […] Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. […] For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave.
#12 Valley Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17754-valley-fever
In most cases, people with Valley fever infections recover without any long-term effects. A small number of people develop ongoing lung infections that may take several years to resolve. Less than 1% of people diagnosed with Valley fever die from it. […] In rare cases, the fungus can move to other parts of your body. If left untreated, coccidioidomycosis in your brain can be fatal. […] Symptoms of Valley fever usually go away on their own after a few weeks or months. […] A small number of people can have ongoing disease in their lungs. If it goes on for a long time, it’s usually called chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis instead of Valley fever. This may be symptomless or cause symptoms like chronic cough, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), weight loss, chest pain, and shortness of breath (dyspnea).
#13 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#14 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Most dogs, with adequate antifungal therapy, do recover from this disease, especially with early diagnosis and intervention. […] Dogs with uncomplicated (mild to moderate) infection only in the lungs have the best prognosis for recovery and usually respond the quickest to treatment. […] A small proportion of animals must take medication for life, and another small number, unfortunately, die of Valley Fever in spite of drug treatment. […] Dogs with disease in many locations in their bodies, dogs responding poorly to treatment, and dogs who have progressive disease in the face of medication, carry the most guarded prognoses. […] Dogs with Valley Fever in the brain (seizures, etc) also carry a guarded prognosis. […] For dogs that are seriously ill, requiring hospitalization and supportive therapy, the prognosis can be grave.
#15 Prognosis / Outcome | Valley Fever Center For Excellence
https://vfce.arizona.edu/valley-fever-dogs/prognosis-outcome
Some dogs do not recover in spite of everyone’s best efforts, either due to the severity of illness at the time of diagnosis or because of long-standing, poorly responsive disease. […] Statistics regarding how many dogs recover compared to those which do not are not available, but in general, more than 90% of dogs respond and recover.
#16 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#17 Clinical Overview of Valley Fever | Valley Fever | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Approximately 5 to 10% of patients fail to recover and develop complications or chronic pulmonary disease. […] Disseminated disease occurs in an estimated 1% of cases. Higher rates of dissemination are observed in certain risk groups, with bones/joints, soft tissues, and meninges most commonly affected. […] In persons who develop progressive, chronic, or disseminated disease, symptoms may persist for months or even longer. Mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. […] Disseminated coccidioidomycosis requires antifungal treatment, typically fluconazole or amphotericin B.
#18 Clinical Overview of Valley Fever | Valley Fever | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Approximately 5 to 10% of patients fail to recover and develop complications or chronic pulmonary disease. […] Disseminated disease occurs in an estimated 1% of cases. Higher rates of dissemination are observed in certain risk groups, with bones/joints, soft tissues, and meninges most commonly affected. […] In persons who develop progressive, chronic, or disseminated disease, symptoms may persist for months or even longer. Mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. […] Disseminated coccidioidomycosis requires antifungal treatment, typically fluconazole or amphotericin B.
#19 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#20 Clinical Overview of Valley Fever | Valley Fever | CDC
https://www.cdc.gov/valley-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
Approximately 5 to 10% of patients fail to recover and develop complications or chronic pulmonary disease. […] Disseminated disease occurs in an estimated 1% of cases. Higher rates of dissemination are observed in certain risk groups, with bones/joints, soft tissues, and meninges most commonly affected. […] In persons who develop progressive, chronic, or disseminated disease, symptoms may persist for months or even longer. Mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. […] Disseminated coccidioidomycosis requires antifungal treatment, typically fluconazole or amphotericin B.
#21 Valley Fever: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17754-valley-fever
In most cases, people with Valley fever infections recover without any long-term effects. A small number of people develop ongoing lung infections that may take several years to resolve. Less than 1% of people diagnosed with Valley fever die from it. […] In rare cases, the fungus can move to other parts of your body. If left untreated, coccidioidomycosis in your brain can be fatal. […] Symptoms of Valley fever usually go away on their own after a few weeks or months. […] A small number of people can have ongoing disease in their lungs. If it goes on for a long time, it’s usually called chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis instead of Valley fever. This may be symptomless or cause symptoms like chronic cough, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), weight loss, chest pain, and shortness of breath (dyspnea).
#22 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#23 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
The objectives of this work are therefore to (1) propose a QMRA approach for Coccidioides spp. via a case study on the risk of coccidioidomycosis posed to a group of agricultural workers; (2) aggregate existing literature on risk assessment inputs for Coccidioides spp. to parameterize the QMRA model and for use by the broader QMRA modeling community; (2) perform a systematic literature review to develop new dose-response models for Coccidioides spp.; (3) evaluate risk drivers by comparing QMRA scenarios regarding personal protective equipment usage and dose-response variables; and (5) evaluate information available for reality checking the proposed QMRA model by reviewing outbreaks and meteorological factor relationships. […] The greatest risks were for scenarios with no mask (scenarios 1 and 5), with risk reductions depending on the mask type used. N95 masks provided up to 99% reductions in risk. […] The highest predicted risk results from a scenario during which an agricultural worker operates a harvesting machine without a contained cabin or PPE.
#24 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
Valley Fever is a respiratory disease caused by inhalation of arthroconidia, a type of spore produced by fungi within the genus Coccidioides spp. which are found in dry, hot ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere. […] Median daily workday risks for developing Valley Fever ranged from 2.53107 (planting by hand while wearing an N95 facemask) to 1.33103 (machine harvesting while not wearing a facemask). […] Most people infected with Valley Fever recover, with 5-10% of patients developing long-term lung infections. […] Increasing incidence of the disease in the Southwestern United States in recent decades has been attributed to environmental conditions, soil disturbances due to human activity, and expanding populations in affected areas. […] The probability of an adverse outcome given the pathogen dose is calculated using a dose-response relationship, and contributions to variability and uncertainty are typically assessed via a simulation that can inform management interventions.
#25 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
The objectives of this work are therefore to (1) propose a QMRA approach for Coccidioides spp. via a case study on the risk of coccidioidomycosis posed to a group of agricultural workers; (2) aggregate existing literature on risk assessment inputs for Coccidioides spp. to parameterize the QMRA model and for use by the broader QMRA modeling community; (2) perform a systematic literature review to develop new dose-response models for Coccidioides spp.; (3) evaluate risk drivers by comparing QMRA scenarios regarding personal protective equipment usage and dose-response variables; and (5) evaluate information available for reality checking the proposed QMRA model by reviewing outbreaks and meteorological factor relationships. […] The greatest risks were for scenarios with no mask (scenarios 1 and 5), with risk reductions depending on the mask type used. N95 masks provided up to 99% reductions in risk. […] The highest predicted risk results from a scenario during which an agricultural worker operates a harvesting machine without a contained cabin or PPE.
#26 Dogs Could Help Predict Valley Fever Spread in Humans | UC Davis
https://www.ucdavis.edu/health/news/dogs-could-help-predict-valley-fever-spread-humans
Valley fever, or coccidioidomycosis, is caused by a fungus that thrives in moist soils and becomes airborne during drought. […] A new study by University of California, Davis, researchers shows that dogs, who are also susceptible to the disease, can help us understand its spread. […] Dogs are sentinels for human infections, said lead author Jane Sykes, professor of small animal internal medicine at the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. […] The study found valley fever in dogs those states, but also in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming and Colorado. […] Sykes suggested that dogs are an under-recognized model for understanding valley fever. By learning more about valley fever in dogs, scientists may discover new tests or treatments for the disease in humans.
#27 Valley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis) | Washington State Department of Health
https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/valley-fever-coccidioidomycosis
Up to 1 out of 10 people who experience symptoms of Valley Fever develop serious or long-term problems in their lungs. […] In even fewer people about 1 out of 100 the infection spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body, such as the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), skin, or bones and joints. […] Symptoms usually appear one to three weeks after exposure to the fungus. However, in some people who are not treated for the infection or who experience a change to their immune system, the infection and symptoms can come back months to years after the time of the first infection. […] Data also suggest that risk of Valley Fever infection may be greater for people of American Indian or Alaska Native descent, and the risk of severe disease may be greater among people who are Black or Filipino. […] Currently available models predict expansion of Coccidioides habitat throughout Eastern Washington. If these models are correct, we may expect to see increasing numbers of people at risk of Valley fever exposure in Washington state.
#28 A microbial risk assessorâs guide to Valley Fever (Coccidioides spp.): Case study and review of risk factors
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10923130/
Valley Fever is a respiratory disease caused by inhalation of arthroconidia, a type of spore produced by fungi within the genus Coccidioides spp. which are found in dry, hot ecosystems of the Western Hemisphere. […] Median daily workday risks for developing Valley Fever ranged from 2.53107 (planting by hand while wearing an N95 facemask) to 1.33103 (machine harvesting while not wearing a facemask). […] Most people infected with Valley Fever recover, with 5-10% of patients developing long-term lung infections. […] Increasing incidence of the disease in the Southwestern United States in recent decades has been attributed to environmental conditions, soil disturbances due to human activity, and expanding populations in affected areas. […] The probability of an adverse outcome given the pathogen dose is calculated using a dose-response relationship, and contributions to variability and uncertainty are typically assessed via a simulation that can inform management interventions.