Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Bicuspid aortic valve: Preconception and pregnancy care – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bicuspid-aortic-valve-preconception-and-pregnancy-care

  Bicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting 1 percent of the population with a 2 to 3:1 male predominance. A bicuspid aortic valve may be functionally normal, or it may be stenotic and/or regurgitant. Management for patients with bicuspid aortic valve prior to and during pregnancy and delivery will be reviewed here. […] Risk of aortic complications—Pregnant patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation are at potential risk of spontaneous aortic dissection, usually in the third trimester or postpartum, especially if there is an associated aortic coarctation. The predisposition to ascending aortic dissection among patients with bicuspid aortic valve reflects an inherent abnormality of the ascending aortic media. The development of aortic root and/or ascending aorta enlargement is independent of whether the bicuspid aortic valve is functionally normal, stenotic, or regurgitant. Pregnancy-associated increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and stroke volume result in increased aortic stress, which may promote aortic dilation and/or dissection. […] Among patients with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic dilation is common, but the risk of aortic dissection is generally low with contemporary management.

• #2 ACHA Q&A: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav/

  BAV is one of the most common heart defects. It occurs in 1% – 2% of the population. It is more common in males than females. […] If you have BAV, your parents, siblings, and children should consider being screened. […] Patients may first notice symptoms during exercise. Later on, they may become short of breath with little or no activity. Some people have trouble sleeping when flat or even wake up short of breath. […] BAV is diagnosed in a number of ways. These include physical exam, EKG, and imaging methods, including echo, MRI and/or CT scan. […] The 2014 ACC/AHA Guidelines for BAV recommend that patients with BAV have a transthoracic echo (TTE). This test measures how severe the aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation is. It will also tell your doctor the size of the aortic root, how big the left ventricle is, and how well it is working.

• #3 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a heart condition you’re born with. It occurs in 1-2% of people. […] A bicuspid aortic valve has two flaps, called leaflets, instead of the normal three. This can lead to problems with blood flow from the heart to the aorta, the body’s main artery. […] A bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital abnormality of the aortic valve, occurring in 1-2% of the population from birth. The aortic valve typically has 3 leaflets. In bicuspid aortic valves, 2 of the leaflets fuse in the womb, resulting in only 2 leaflets at birth. […] In adulthood, bicuspid aortic valves can lead to aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, or a combination of both. […] Both aortic insufficiency and aortic stenosis cause the heart to work harder to push blood to the rest of the body. […] Bicuspid valves are known to deteriorate and develop disease sooner than normal, tri-leaflet aortic valves.

• #4 Bicuspid aortic valve: General management in adults – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bicuspid-aortic-valve-general-management-in-adults

  Bicuspid aortic valve condition is a valvulo-aortopathy (affecting both the aortic valve and the thoracic aorta). Adults with bicuspid aortic valves commonly develop aortic valve dysfunction and disease of the ascending aorta and therefore require surveillance and appropriate management of these conditions. The management of bicuspid aortic valve disease in adults includes surveillance, timely intervention for valve disease and aortopathy, treatment of hypertension, measures to address the risk of infective endocarditis, counseling patients on physical activity, and management prior to and during pregnancy. […] General noninterventional management for adults with bicuspid aortic valve will be discussed here.

• #5 Aortic Valve Disease | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-valve-disease

  Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common genetic abnormality of the aortic valve. A bicuspid aortic valve has two leaflets instead of three. The valve may function well for many years or a lifetime. If stenosis develops or it becomes leaky, the valve may need repair or replacement. […] Not all patients with aortic valve disease will require surgery. Depending on your age, health, condition and symptoms, we may recommend nonsurgical treatments such as medications and lifestyle changes. […] During TAVR, the doctor uses a catheter to insert a replacement valve inside the diseased valve. Because the procedure is minimally invasive, you have a faster recovery and a lower risk of postoperative infection. […] Though many patients prefer minimally invasive procedures, sometimes open surgery in which the surgeon uses a larger incision to directly access the heart is the best option.

• #6 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Syndrome | Signs & Symptoms | Marfan Foundation

  https://marfan.org/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Bicuspid aortic valve is one of the most common congenital heart defects, appearing in 4.6 of every 1,000 live births. […] A bicuspid valve with only two flaps may not be able to completely stop blood from leaking back into the heart. In addition, the valve may become stiff (aortic stenosis), making the heart pump harder and the aorta may also become enlarged. People with bicuspid aortic valve may have abnormal coronary arteries (blood vessels that branch off from the aorta near the heart), an aortic aneurysm, an abnormal thoracic aorta (the portion of the aorta that passes through the upper chest), and unstable high blood pressure. […] Complications of bicuspid aortic valve include aortic aneurysm (bulge) and dissection (tear), which can be life-threatening, making it important for the condition to be diagnosed early and accurately. People who have been diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve should be under the ongoing care of a heart valve disease specialist who can monitor changes in the heart, valves, and aorta over time. These changes may require surgery to replace the bicuspid valve and aortic aneurysm. […] View factsheets, ask a question, even connect with other caregivers to get all the information and support you need to care for someone living with bicuspid aortic valve.

• #7 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #8 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Once you are diagnosed with a bicuspid valve, it is important to follow closely with a cardiologist and have regular echocardiograms. […] With routine follow-up care and a heart-healthy lifestyle, you may be able to reduce your risk of developing serious complications. […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valves need surgery in adulthood. […] After you are diagnosed with a bicuspid aortic valve, your doctor will monitor your condition to watch for the development of valve disease and aortic aneurysm. […] Based on how complex your condition is, you may need valve repair or valve replacement surgery. […] Aortic valve surgery is an effective treatment option for bicuspid aortic valve disease that is causing symptoms or complications. […] UPMC provides expert care for people living with bicuspid aortic valve disease.

• #9 Bicuspid Aortic Valve

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16780-bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease

  A bicuspid aortic valve can cause serious complications like heart failure. […] With treatment, it won’t affect your life expectancy and you can lead a healthy life. […] About 1 in 3 people with a bicuspid aortic valve develop complications. They can be very serious or even fatal. That’s why people with a bicuspid aortic valve disease diagnosis need ongoing medical checkups and testing. […] Medications like beta-blockers or diuretics can help with symptoms. But they won’t fix this condition. Bicuspid aortic valve disease treatment involves surgery for about 4 out of 5 people with this problem. Your surgeon will either repair or replace your aortic valve. […] It’s important to have surgery early enough to prevent permanent damage to your heart. […] You may need to make some lifestyle changes to help keep your heart healthy and reduce stress on your heart.

• #10 Bicuspid Aortic Valve

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16780-bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease

  You’ll need regular appointments with your provider to check your heart function. […] A bicuspid aortic valve is a concern when it starts interfering with your heart function. […] If you or your child have a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosis, talk with your provider about the condition of your heart and whether you need treatment.

• #11 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #12 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Care Instructions | Kaiser Permanente

  https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health-wellness/health-encyclopedia/he.bicuspid-aortic-valve-care-instructions.ug5699

  Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you want help to make healthy lifestyle changes.

• #13 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-overview

  Bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital anomaly but does not cause functional problems unless aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, or dissection or infective endocarditis occurs. Follow up for development of these functional lesions is indicated. […] Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended, but maintaining good oral and dental hygiene is emphasized. Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated if there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve placement or for 6-months after complete repair of heart defect. […] Patient and family education should emphasize the fairly benign course for the child with bicuspid aortic valve. […] Older children and adolescents should begin to be made aware of the accelerated aging processes (ie, progressive stenosis), with particular attention to coronary risk factors. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to maintain healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid coronary risk factors such as smoking.

• #14 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | VCU Healthic_closeGroup

  https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Functioning of your aortic valve will need to be monitored for progression of valve stenosis (tightness) and/or valve leakage. Your heart chamber size, wall thickness, and pumping function will also need to be monitored, as well as any progressive enlargement of your aorta, which frequently occurs in people with BAV. […] Children and adults with bicuspid aortic valve need regular checkups and serial echocardiograms to monitor the function of the valve and aorta size. […] Treatment depends on the extent of valve dysfunction and the degree of dilated aorta. There are no medications to treat or slow progression of a bicuspid aortic valve. However, certain medications to treat related heart problems such as high blood pressure may be prescribed. If there is severe valve stenosis or leakage, a valve intervention, such as surgical or percutaneous aortic valve replacements, can be offered to restore normal aortic valve function. Surgery may also be needed to correct the enlarged aorta. […] If you have a bicuspid aortic valve, you will likely be referred to a heart doctor who specializes in congenital heart disease (congenital cardiologist) who can follow you long-term in an Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) Program.

• #15 Variability in surveillance practice for patients with diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve syndrome | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25571-x

  In patients with bicuspid aortic valves, guidelines call for regular follow-up to monitor disease progression and guide intervention. […] Follow-up care for patients with bicuspid aortic valve was highly variable, and surveillance imaging was sparse despite guidelines. […] Current guidelines from the The American Association for Thoracic Surgery state that the interval for follow-up imaging should be based on severity of disease (especially aortic dilation). […] Therefore, once patients are diagnosed with BAV (or have a possible BAV found by echocardiogram), guidelines recommend that they should be followed by a cardiovascular specialist in order to determine the best schedule for imaging and/or surgical intervention. […] In addition, a third of patients did not receive a follow-up echocardiogram, and less than half of the patients who may have benefitted from CT or MRI surveillance according to some guidelines (2018 AATS) received it.

• #16 Variability in surveillance practice for patients with diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve syndrome | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25571-x

  In patients with bicuspid aortic valves, guidelines call for regular follow-up to monitor disease progression and guide intervention. […] Follow-up care for patients with bicuspid aortic valve was highly variable, and surveillance imaging was sparse despite guidelines. […] Current guidelines from the The American Association for Thoracic Surgery state that the interval for follow-up imaging should be based on severity of disease (especially aortic dilation). […] Therefore, once patients are diagnosed with BAV (or have a possible BAV found by echocardiogram), guidelines recommend that they should be followed by a cardiovascular specialist in order to determine the best schedule for imaging and/or surgical intervention. […] In addition, a third of patients did not receive a follow-up echocardiogram, and less than half of the patients who may have benefitted from CT or MRI surveillance according to some guidelines (2018 AATS) received it.

• #17 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #18 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Some people are born with a bicuspid aortic valve, which has two flaps (leaflets). Usually, an aortic valve has three flaps (tricuspid valve). […] How can you care for yourself when you have a bicuspid aortic valve? […] Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. These foods include vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, lean meat, fish, and whole grains. Limit things that aren’t so good for your heart, like sodium, alcohol, and sugar. […] Get regular exercise. Try for 30 minutes on most days of the week. Ask your doctor what level of exercise is safe for you. If activity is not likely to cause health problems, you probably don’t have limits on the type or level of activity that you can do.

• #19 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Stay at a healthy weight. Lose weight if you need to. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. If you think you may have a problem with alcohol or drug use, talk to your doctor. […] Get vaccinated against COVID-19, the flu, and pneumonia. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you want help to make healthy lifestyle changes.

• #20 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #21 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Patients with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves (ie, no stenosis or regurgitation) do not require activity restrictions. […] Patients who develop valve regurgitation or stenosis from a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve may require restrictions from strenuous competitive sports. […] Patients with aortic valve regurgitation should avoid strenuous isometric activity, such as weight lifting, rope climbing, and pull-ups.

• #22 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Stay at a healthy weight. Lose weight if you need to. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. If you think you may have a problem with alcohol or drug use, talk to your doctor. […] Get vaccinated against COVID-19, the flu, and pneumonia. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you want help to make healthy lifestyle changes.

• #23 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Health Recommendations and What to Avoid

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-health/bicuspid-aortic-valve-what-to-avoid

  Physical activity on all or most days of the week, provided your regimen is approved by your doctor or a cardiac rehabilitation specialist, supports healthy heart function and also contributes to better weight management and blood pressure control. […] Smoking is one of the most important activities you should avoid if you have a bicuspid aortic valve. The chemicals in cigarette smoke can harm the valves and blood vessels in the heart, potentially speeding up the progression of heart valve disease or other cardiac complications. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications to slow the progression or to manage risk factors or other health conditions, including: antiarrhythmics to treat heart rhythm disturbances, such as tachycardia; anti-hypertensives, such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors, to lower blood pressure; statins to lower high cholesterol.

• #24 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Some people are born with a bicuspid aortic valve, which has two flaps (leaflets). Usually, an aortic valve has three flaps (tricuspid valve). […] How can you care for yourself when you have a bicuspid aortic valve? […] Do not smoke. If you need help quitting, talk to your doctor about stop-smoking programs and medicines. These can increase your chances of quitting for good. […] Eat heart-healthy foods. These foods include vegetables, fruits, nuts, beans, lean meat, fish, and whole grains. Limit things that aren’t so good for your heart, like sodium, alcohol, and sugar. […] Get regular exercise. Try for 30 minutes on most days of the week. Ask your doctor what level of exercise is safe for you. If activity is not likely to cause health problems, you probably don’t have limits on the type or level of activity that you can do.

• #25 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Surgical options include aortic valve repair, aortic valve replacement using bioprosthesis or mechanical prosthesis, Ross procedure for aortic valve defects and aortic root surgeries for aortic root dilatations. […] Bicuspid aortic valve without significant stenosis or insufficiency does not require any intervention; however, significant stenosis should be addressed. […] For noncardiac procedures, preoperative cardiac evaluation may be appropriate, particularly for patients with aortic stenosis or regurgitation. […] The patient with simple, uncomplicated bicuspid aortic valve should not require special anesthetic precautions, other than bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis, when appropriate. […] Because hypercholesterolemia and other coronary artery disease risk factors may accelerate the sclerosis and deterioration of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, a heart-healthy diet is recommended for all patients, not only those with recognized risk factors.

• #26 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | CommonSpirit Health

  https://www.commonspirit.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Stay at a healthy weight. Lose weight if you need to. […] Manage other health problems such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol. If you think you may have a problem with alcohol or drug use, talk to your doctor. […] Get vaccinated against COVID-19, the flu, and pneumonia. […] Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if you want help to make healthy lifestyle changes.

• #27 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #28 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #29 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Patients with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves (ie, no stenosis or regurgitation) do not require activity restrictions. […] Patients who develop valve regurgitation or stenosis from a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve may require restrictions from strenuous competitive sports. […] Patients with aortic valve regurgitation should avoid strenuous isometric activity, such as weight lifting, rope climbing, and pull-ups.

• #30 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #31 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Patients with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves (ie, no stenosis or regurgitation) do not require activity restrictions. […] Patients who develop valve regurgitation or stenosis from a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve may require restrictions from strenuous competitive sports. […] Patients with aortic valve regurgitation should avoid strenuous isometric activity, such as weight lifting, rope climbing, and pull-ups.

• #32 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Patients with normally functioning bicuspid aortic valves (ie, no stenosis or regurgitation) do not require activity restrictions. […] Patients who develop valve regurgitation or stenosis from a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve may require restrictions from strenuous competitive sports. […] Patients with aortic valve regurgitation should avoid strenuous isometric activity, such as weight lifting, rope climbing, and pull-ups.

• #33 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: How to Manage | Ochsner Health

  https://blog.ochsner.org/articles/how-to-manage-adult-bicuspid-aortic-valve

  If there is no significant or only mild valve disease and normal size aorta, then exercise is encouraged. If there is severe valve disease, aerobic exercise can be performed after evaluation by a physician. If there is a significant abnormality in the aorta, aerobic exercises are well-tolerated. However, some limitations need to be discussed with your doctor about competitive sports and weight training.

• #34 Living Well with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Blue Cross VT

  https://www.bluecrossvt.org/health-community/blog/listing/living-well-bicuspid-aortic-valve

  In the years since learning she has BAV, Jordan says maintaining her hearts health has stayed on her mind. Following her doctors advice, she has avoided contact sports and heavy weightlifting, instead choosing running and other safer forms of exercise. […] There are treatments for BAV that do work, she notes. As long as you show up to your routine appointments and listen to your care team, you can live a pretty standard life, she says.

• #35 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | VCU Healthic_closeGroup

  https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Learn more about bicuspid aortic valve, the most common congenital heart defect. […] A bicuspid aortic valve can eventually narrow, stiffen or even leak. […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valve have no signs or symptoms of valve dysfunction until later in life. However, severe symptoms can occur in infants or children if there is significant abnormal valve function such as valve stenosis (narrowing/stiffening) or regurgitation (leakage). The symptoms of a bicuspid aortic valve include chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, passing out, and difficulty exercising. […] People with bicuspid aortic valve are more likely to develop endocarditis, an infection of the heart valves and heart linings. Therefore, it is important for people with BAV to maintain good hygiene and take good care of your skin, teeth, and oral cavity.

• #36 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #37 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-overview

  Bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital anomaly but does not cause functional problems unless aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, or dissection or infective endocarditis occurs. Follow up for development of these functional lesions is indicated. […] Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended, but maintaining good oral and dental hygiene is emphasized. Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated if there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve placement or for 6-months after complete repair of heart defect. […] Patient and family education should emphasize the fairly benign course for the child with bicuspid aortic valve. […] Older children and adolescents should begin to be made aware of the accelerated aging processes (ie, progressive stenosis), with particular attention to coronary risk factors. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to maintain healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid coronary risk factors such as smoking.

• #38 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #39 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-overview

  The importance of bicuspid aortic valve as a potential substrate for infective endocarditis should be emphasized. Even though routine endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended by the American Heart Association, good oral and dental hygiene is important along with regular dental care by professionals at least once every 6 months. […] Most young individuals with bicuspid aortic valve should not require restrictions in physical activity or sports participation, unless they have significant stenosis or regurgitation. Routine examination is recommended prior to sports participation at least once.

• #40 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #41 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-overview

  Bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital anomaly but does not cause functional problems unless aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, or dissection or infective endocarditis occurs. Follow up for development of these functional lesions is indicated. […] Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended, but maintaining good oral and dental hygiene is emphasized. Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated if there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve placement or for 6-months after complete repair of heart defect. […] Patient and family education should emphasize the fairly benign course for the child with bicuspid aortic valve. […] Older children and adolescents should begin to be made aware of the accelerated aging processes (ie, progressive stenosis), with particular attention to coronary risk factors. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to maintain healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid coronary risk factors such as smoking.

• #42 Bicuspid Aortic Disease | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/b/bicuspid-aortic-disease.html

  Bicuspid aortic disease occurs when a defect is present in the valve that opens and shuts to allow blood flow from the heart through the aorta. […] Treatment plans have been developed to assist people who may be at risk of complications from a defective aortic valve. Education, early and regular diagnostic monitoring, medical treatment and lifestyle modifications are key to successfully managing this condition. […] Medical care after surgery focuses on protecting the graft, the remaining aorta, the aortic valve and the cardiovascular system in general. Regular monitoring is done. […] It is also important to prevent possible infection of the valves or heart. This includes taking antibiotics before having your teeth cleaned or having other types of dental procedures or before any invasive procedure. […] A person who has or has had aortic valve disease should inform all medical professionals of their condition. If any questions arise, the patient’s cardiac care providers should be consulted.

• #43 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | VCU Healthic_closeGroup

  https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Functioning of your aortic valve will need to be monitored for progression of valve stenosis (tightness) and/or valve leakage. Your heart chamber size, wall thickness, and pumping function will also need to be monitored, as well as any progressive enlargement of your aorta, which frequently occurs in people with BAV. […] Children and adults with bicuspid aortic valve need regular checkups and serial echocardiograms to monitor the function of the valve and aorta size. […] Treatment depends on the extent of valve dysfunction and the degree of dilated aorta. There are no medications to treat or slow progression of a bicuspid aortic valve. However, certain medications to treat related heart problems such as high blood pressure may be prescribed. If there is severe valve stenosis or leakage, a valve intervention, such as surgical or percutaneous aortic valve replacements, can be offered to restore normal aortic valve function. Surgery may also be needed to correct the enlarged aorta. […] If you have a bicuspid aortic valve, you will likely be referred to a heart doctor who specializes in congenital heart disease (congenital cardiologist) who can follow you long-term in an Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) Program.

• #44 Bicuspid aortic valve | Beacon Health System

  https://www.beaconhealthsystem.org/library/diseases-and-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve?content_id=CON-20359710

  There are no medicines to repair a bicuspid aortic valve. But medicines may be used to treat symptoms caused by heart valve disease. For example, your healthcare professional may recommend blood pressure medicine. […] Surgery may be needed if a bicuspid aortic valve is causing: Aortic valve stenosis. Aortic valve regurgitation. An enlarged aorta. […] Anyone born with a bicuspid aortic valve needs health checkups for life. A doctor trained in heart diseases, called a cardiologist, should examine you for changes in your condition.

• #45 Bicuspid aortic valve : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm

  A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. […] Your infant or child may need surgery to repair or replace a leaky or narrowed valve, if complications are severe. […] A narrowed valve can also be opened through cardiac catheterization. A fine tube (catheter) is directed to the heart and into the narrow opening of the aortic valve. A balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated to make the opening of the valve larger. […] In adults, when a bicuspid valve becomes very leaky or very narrowed, it may need to be replaced. This used to be possible only with open heart surgery, but can now sometimes be done via catheters. […] Medicine may be needed to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. Medicines may include: Medicines that lower the workload on the heart (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), Medicines that make the heart muscle pump harder (inotropic agents), Water pills (diuretics). […] Contact your child’s provider if your baby: Has no appetite, Has unusually pale or bluish skin, Seems to tire easily.

• #46 Bicuspid aortic valve Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. […] Your infant or child may need surgery to repair or replace a leaky or narrowed valve, if complications are severe. […] A narrowed valve can also be opened through cardiac catheterization. A fine tube (catheter) is directed to the heart and into the narrow opening of the aortic valve. A balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated to make the opening of the valve larger. […] In adults, when a bicuspid valve becomes very leaky or very narrowed, it may need to be replaced. This used to be possible only with open heart surgery, but can now sometimes be done via catheters. […] Medicine may be needed to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. Medicines may include: Medicines that lower the workload on the heart (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), Medicines that make the heart muscle pump harder (inotropic agents), Water pills (diuretics).

• #47 Bicuspid aortic valve : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm

  A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. […] Your infant or child may need surgery to repair or replace a leaky or narrowed valve, if complications are severe. […] A narrowed valve can also be opened through cardiac catheterization. A fine tube (catheter) is directed to the heart and into the narrow opening of the aortic valve. A balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated to make the opening of the valve larger. […] In adults, when a bicuspid valve becomes very leaky or very narrowed, it may need to be replaced. This used to be possible only with open heart surgery, but can now sometimes be done via catheters. […] Medicine may be needed to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. Medicines may include: Medicines that lower the workload on the heart (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), Medicines that make the heart muscle pump harder (inotropic agents), Water pills (diuretics). […] Contact your child’s provider if your baby: Has no appetite, Has unusually pale or bluish skin, Seems to tire easily.

• #48 Bicuspid aortic valve : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm

  A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. […] Your infant or child may need surgery to repair or replace a leaky or narrowed valve, if complications are severe. […] A narrowed valve can also be opened through cardiac catheterization. A fine tube (catheter) is directed to the heart and into the narrow opening of the aortic valve. A balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated to make the opening of the valve larger. […] In adults, when a bicuspid valve becomes very leaky or very narrowed, it may need to be replaced. This used to be possible only with open heart surgery, but can now sometimes be done via catheters. […] Medicine may be needed to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. Medicines may include: Medicines that lower the workload on the heart (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), Medicines that make the heart muscle pump harder (inotropic agents), Water pills (diuretics). […] Contact your child’s provider if your baby: Has no appetite, Has unusually pale or bluish skin, Seems to tire easily.

• #49 Bicuspid Aortic Valve

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16780-bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease

  A bicuspid aortic valve can cause serious complications like heart failure. […] With treatment, it won’t affect your life expectancy and you can lead a healthy life. […] About 1 in 3 people with a bicuspid aortic valve develop complications. They can be very serious or even fatal. That’s why people with a bicuspid aortic valve disease diagnosis need ongoing medical checkups and testing. […] Medications like beta-blockers or diuretics can help with symptoms. But they won’t fix this condition. Bicuspid aortic valve disease treatment involves surgery for about 4 out of 5 people with this problem. Your surgeon will either repair or replace your aortic valve. […] It’s important to have surgery early enough to prevent permanent damage to your heart. […] You may need to make some lifestyle changes to help keep your heart healthy and reduce stress on your heart.

• #50 Bicuspid Aortic Valve I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  A bicuspid aortic valve allows blood to flow backward into the heart, increasing the risk of an aortic aneurysm. […] If you have a bicuspid aortic valve, you may develop a narrowed or leaky aortic valve, but this may not occur until adulthood. […] In many people with a bicuspid aortic valve, the aorta is also abnormal and may enlarge or stretch out over time, putting them at risk for aortic aneurysms and rupture. If left untreated, this may eventually be life-threatening. […] At Ohio State, we ensure that each patient receives individualized care for their congenital heart defect. By creating a care team to diagnose and treat each case, we can better understand what steps will help patients get back to living their lives. […] Medications cannot treat a bicuspid aortic valve. However, your physician may prescribe certain medications such as beta-blockers or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to slow the progression of aortic enlargement.

• #51 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Health Recommendations and What to Avoid

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-health/bicuspid-aortic-valve-what-to-avoid

  Physical activity on all or most days of the week, provided your regimen is approved by your doctor or a cardiac rehabilitation specialist, supports healthy heart function and also contributes to better weight management and blood pressure control. […] Smoking is one of the most important activities you should avoid if you have a bicuspid aortic valve. The chemicals in cigarette smoke can harm the valves and blood vessels in the heart, potentially speeding up the progression of heart valve disease or other cardiac complications. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications to slow the progression or to manage risk factors or other health conditions, including: antiarrhythmics to treat heart rhythm disturbances, such as tachycardia; anti-hypertensives, such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors, to lower blood pressure; statins to lower high cholesterol.

• #52 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Health Recommendations and What to Avoid

  https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-health/bicuspid-aortic-valve-what-to-avoid

  Physical activity on all or most days of the week, provided your regimen is approved by your doctor or a cardiac rehabilitation specialist, supports healthy heart function and also contributes to better weight management and blood pressure control. […] Smoking is one of the most important activities you should avoid if you have a bicuspid aortic valve. The chemicals in cigarette smoke can harm the valves and blood vessels in the heart, potentially speeding up the progression of heart valve disease or other cardiac complications. […] Your doctor may prescribe medications to slow the progression or to manage risk factors or other health conditions, including: antiarrhythmics to treat heart rhythm disturbances, such as tachycardia; anti-hypertensives, such as diuretics and ACE inhibitors, to lower blood pressure; statins to lower high cholesterol.

• #53 Bicuspid aortic valve

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/Bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Bicuspid aortic valve may be complicated with aortic valve stenosis and/or regurgitation in addition to risk of endocarditis. […] The definitive treatment is surgery for the valve and/or aortic root depending on severity of valve lesion, aortic diameter and rate of progression of aortopathy. […] Aortic valve replacement is the only definitive treatment for BAV associated with severe stenosis and/or regurgitation. […] In patients who refuse surgery or are not candidates for surgical intervention, medical therapy is limited and is mainly used to treat existent cardiac conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease or hypertension. […] The recent ESC guidelines for valvular heart disease management recommend that surgery should be considered for any patient with aortic root diameter of 55 mm.

• #54 Bicuspid Aortic Valve – UF Health

  https://ufhealth.org/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) require continued monitoring and expert care. […] More than 50% of patients with BAVD will require a valve intervention at some point in their lifetime. UF Health cardiac surgery and cardiologists monitor your valve, aorta and heart function regularly with advanced imaging techniques, such as echocardiograms or high-resolution CT scans. If there are changes to your valve or aorta, the BAVD team develops a treatment plan tailored to the individual. […] Our surgeons treat BAVD and associated aortic aneurysms with operations, including: Aortic valve surgery An operation in which our surgeons can either repair or replace the bicuspid valve using traditional or minimally invasive heart surgery.

• #55 Mayo Clinic Q and A: Treatment and management of bicuspid aortic valve – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-treatment-and-management-of-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  A new diagnosis of a bicuspid aortic valve usually does not require immediate intervention or have significant health effects in the short- or mid-term. It does require lifelong surveillance because it may cause heart problems in the long term. Over half of patients will need aortic valve repair or replacement within 25 years after bicuspid aortic valve diagnosis. […] Treatment of the bicuspid aortic valve depends on the extent of the valve’s disease, the patient’s symptoms and the size of the aorta. Open-heart surgery may be needed if the narrowing or leakiness is severe or the patient is experiencing symptoms. […] In summary, once the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve is established, you will require lifelong care and surveillance by a cardiologist using an echocardiogram to monitor your valve and aorta.

• #56 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #57 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Causes, Symptoms, Treatments

  https://www.upmc.com/services/heart-vascular/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Once you are diagnosed with a bicuspid valve, it is important to follow closely with a cardiologist and have regular echocardiograms. […] With routine follow-up care and a heart-healthy lifestyle, you may be able to reduce your risk of developing serious complications. […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valves need surgery in adulthood. […] After you are diagnosed with a bicuspid aortic valve, your doctor will monitor your condition to watch for the development of valve disease and aortic aneurysm. […] Based on how complex your condition is, you may need valve repair or valve replacement surgery. […] Aortic valve surgery is an effective treatment option for bicuspid aortic valve disease that is causing symptoms or complications. […] UPMC provides expert care for people living with bicuspid aortic valve disease.

• #58 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #59 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  No specific medical care is required for individuals with bicuspid aortic valve unless they have progressive deterioration or infection. […] Serial follow-up evaluations are important for early recognition of potential complications (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation) and the prevention of possible bacterial endocarditis by emphasizing importance of maintaining good oral and dental hygiene with regular dental visits (two times each year). […] Endocarditis prophylaxis is not indicated unless there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve replacement has been performed or within 6-months from heart surgery complete repair of aortic valvar or other associated congenital heart conditions. […] Surgery specifically for bicuspid aortic valve is not necessary unless progressive complications ensue (valve regurgitation, valve stenosis, progressive aortic root dilatation, bacterial endocarditis).

• #60 Bicuspid aortic valve

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/Bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Bicuspid aortic valve may be complicated with aortic valve stenosis and/or regurgitation in addition to risk of endocarditis. […] The definitive treatment is surgery for the valve and/or aortic root depending on severity of valve lesion, aortic diameter and rate of progression of aortopathy. […] Aortic valve replacement is the only definitive treatment for BAV associated with severe stenosis and/or regurgitation. […] In patients who refuse surgery or are not candidates for surgical intervention, medical therapy is limited and is mainly used to treat existent cardiac conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease or hypertension. […] The recent ESC guidelines for valvular heart disease management recommend that surgery should be considered for any patient with aortic root diameter of 55 mm.

• #61 Mayo Clinic Q and A: Treatment and management of bicuspid aortic valve – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-treatment-and-management-of-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  A new diagnosis of a bicuspid aortic valve usually does not require immediate intervention or have significant health effects in the short- or mid-term. It does require lifelong surveillance because it may cause heart problems in the long term. Over half of patients will need aortic valve repair or replacement within 25 years after bicuspid aortic valve diagnosis. […] Treatment of the bicuspid aortic valve depends on the extent of the valve’s disease, the patient’s symptoms and the size of the aorta. Open-heart surgery may be needed if the narrowing or leakiness is severe or the patient is experiencing symptoms. […] In summary, once the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve is established, you will require lifelong care and surveillance by a cardiologist using an echocardiogram to monitor your valve and aorta.

• #62 Bicuspid aortic valve

  https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-13/Bicuspid-aortic-valve

  However, in patients with BAV, surgery in aortic diameters of 50 mm should be based on patient age, body size, comorbidities, type of surgery, and the presence of additional risk factors – family history, systemic hypertension, coarctation of the aorta, or increase in aortic diameter 2 mm/year in repeated examinations using the same technique and confirmed by another technique. […] The new ACC/AHA guidelines recommend surgical repair of aortic root if aortic root diameter is 5.5 cm (Class I). […] It should also be noted that the ACC/AHA guidelines considered the evidence of rapid progression of a maximum aortic cross-section: body/height ratio of 10 cm2/m was proposed as an additional measurement to decide for aortic root surgery and was found to be associated with an increased risk for aortic dissection in several studies.

• #63 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Center | Schneeweiss Adult Congenital Heart Center

  https://www.congenitalheart.cuimc.columbia.edu/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-center

  Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve may be at risk for developing a narrowed (aortic stenosis) or leaky (aortic regurgitation) valve early in life. […] The Columbia University/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital Bicuspid Valve Center is multi-disciplinary team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and researchers dedicated to improving care for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Our center takes a comprehensive approach to treatment that includes multimodality imaging, genetic risk assessment, and patient preference. […] When surgery is required, there are many options to consider including minimally invasive surgery, aortic valve repair, mechanical and prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the Ross procedure, the David procedure, the Bentall procedure and others. […] Moreover, advanced medical management with close follow-up by our experts and cutting-edge imaging technology has allowed many of our patients, who were informed by other programs that surgery was needed, to avoid or delay in undergoing surgery. […] Our group will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that also accounts for your preferences.

• #64 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Surgical options include aortic valve repair, aortic valve replacement using bioprosthesis or mechanical prosthesis, Ross procedure for aortic valve defects and aortic root surgeries for aortic root dilatations. […] Bicuspid aortic valve without significant stenosis or insufficiency does not require any intervention; however, significant stenosis should be addressed. […] For noncardiac procedures, preoperative cardiac evaluation may be appropriate, particularly for patients with aortic stenosis or regurgitation. […] The patient with simple, uncomplicated bicuspid aortic valve should not require special anesthetic precautions, other than bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis, when appropriate. […] Because hypercholesterolemia and other coronary artery disease risk factors may accelerate the sclerosis and deterioration of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, a heart-healthy diet is recommended for all patients, not only those with recognized risk factors.

• #65 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/heart-health/bicuspid-aortic-valve-stenosis

  For known cases of bicuspid aortic valve stenosis, care and monitoring by a cardiologist is a lifelong necessity. However, many people live for decades before realizing there is a problem. About 80% of people with this heart defect will need surgery to correct it. Most often, treatment becomes necessary during middle age, in the 30s and 40s. Surgery may also be necessary to repair any problems with the aorta. […] The main bicuspid aortic valve stenosis treatment is valve replacement. There are two types of replacement valves—biological and mechanical. Biological valves can come from cows, pigs or humans. These valves will degrade with time and usually require another replacement. Mechanical valves are more long-lasting, but they require lifelong anticoagulant medicines (blood thinners). Seeking the advice of a specialist in bicuspid aortic valve disease can help you understand the best option for you.

• #66 Aortic Valve Disease – Aortic Care | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/aortic/aortic-conditions-diseases/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease occurs when the valve that acts like a gateway between the heart and the aorta does not work properly. A damaged aortic valve can either block or leak blood being pumped from the heart, causing heart and circulatory problems. Aortic valve disease can happen because of a birth defect (bicuspid aortic valve), aging or as a result of an underlying disease. […] At UCLA, our skilled surgeons perform traditional open valve replacement as well as the latest minimally invasive technique, called transcatheter valve implantation, to provide the best option for our patients. […] Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) The surgeon threads a catheter a long, flexible tube through an artery, usually in the groin or pelvis. A new valve is placed in the ascending aorta to restore aortic valve function. This minimally invasive technique leads to faster recovery.

• #67 Bicuspid Aortic Valve > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  An aortic valve that has two leaflets instead of the usual three is called a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Treatment for bicuspid aortic valves may include: […] If a bicuspid aortic valve is working well, isnt causing any symptoms, and doesnt show signs of complications, treatment isnt necessary. In these cases, patients are closely followed by their heart doctors (cardiologists) who typically monitor the condition using regular echocardiograms, sometimes with additional imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans. […] For people with high blood pressure, medications that help lower blood pressure are typically part of treatment. […] People who have a well-functioning bicuspid aortic valve can safely exercise and participate in physical activities, including high-intensity sports. […] For people with a poorly functioning bicuspid aortic valve who do not also have a widening of the aorta, surgery may be needed to repair or replace the bicuspid aortic valve.

• #68 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Diet

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-treatment

  Surgical options include aortic valve repair, aortic valve replacement using bioprosthesis or mechanical prosthesis, Ross procedure for aortic valve defects and aortic root surgeries for aortic root dilatations. […] Bicuspid aortic valve without significant stenosis or insufficiency does not require any intervention; however, significant stenosis should be addressed. […] For noncardiac procedures, preoperative cardiac evaluation may be appropriate, particularly for patients with aortic stenosis or regurgitation. […] The patient with simple, uncomplicated bicuspid aortic valve should not require special anesthetic precautions, other than bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis, when appropriate. […] Because hypercholesterolemia and other coronary artery disease risk factors may accelerate the sclerosis and deterioration of a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, a heart-healthy diet is recommended for all patients, not only those with recognized risk factors.

• #69 Aortic Valve Disease | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-valve-disease

  During open surgery, the aortic valve can be replaced or repaired. Patients with stenosis typically require valve replacement. Leaky valves can often be repaired or replaced. […] Our surgeons have developed a reputation as leaders in aortic valve open surgery. Some of the specialized procedures they perform include: David procedure (valve-sparing aortic root replacement), Ross procedure, Y-incision/rectangular patch aortic root enlargement.

• #70 Bicuspid Aortic Valve I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/adult-congenital-heart-disease/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Balloon valvuloplasty (valvotomy) is a nonsurgical procedure to treat some cases of bicuspid aortic valve. […] Aortic valve replacement may be necessary for bicuspid aortic valves that have become severely narrowed or leak severely. Surgery may also be necessary if the aorta has gotten too large, regardless of the amount of valve narrowing or leakage.

• #71 Bicuspid aortic valve : MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007325.htm

  A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an aortic valve that only has two leaflets, instead of three. […] Your infant or child may need surgery to repair or replace a leaky or narrowed valve, if complications are severe. […] A narrowed valve can also be opened through cardiac catheterization. A fine tube (catheter) is directed to the heart and into the narrow opening of the aortic valve. A balloon attached to the end of the tube is inflated to make the opening of the valve larger. […] In adults, when a bicuspid valve becomes very leaky or very narrowed, it may need to be replaced. This used to be possible only with open heart surgery, but can now sometimes be done via catheters. […] Medicine may be needed to relieve symptoms or prevent complications. Medicines may include: Medicines that lower the workload on the heart (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors), Medicines that make the heart muscle pump harder (inotropic agents), Water pills (diuretics). […] Contact your child’s provider if your baby: Has no appetite, Has unusually pale or bluish skin, Seems to tire easily.

• #72 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/congenital-heart-disease/bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease/

  Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a type of congenital heart defect (present at birth). […] Children and adults with a bicuspid aortic valve will require regular monitoring for any changes in their condition. If the condition worsens, your doctor may recommend a specific procedure. Some treatment options include medical and surgical procedures such as: […] Aortic valve repair or replacement. […] Aortic root repair or replacement.

• #73 Aortic Valve Disease | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/aortic-valve-disease

  During open surgery, the aortic valve can be replaced or repaired. Patients with stenosis typically require valve replacement. Leaky valves can often be repaired or replaced. […] Our surgeons have developed a reputation as leaders in aortic valve open surgery. Some of the specialized procedures they perform include: David procedure (valve-sparing aortic root replacement), Ross procedure, Y-incision/rectangular patch aortic root enlargement.

• #74 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Center | Schneeweiss Adult Congenital Heart Center

  https://www.congenitalheart.cuimc.columbia.edu/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-center

  Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve may be at risk for developing a narrowed (aortic stenosis) or leaky (aortic regurgitation) valve early in life. […] The Columbia University/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital Bicuspid Valve Center is multi-disciplinary team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and researchers dedicated to improving care for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Our center takes a comprehensive approach to treatment that includes multimodality imaging, genetic risk assessment, and patient preference. […] When surgery is required, there are many options to consider including minimally invasive surgery, aortic valve repair, mechanical and prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the Ross procedure, the David procedure, the Bentall procedure and others. […] Moreover, advanced medical management with close follow-up by our experts and cutting-edge imaging technology has allowed many of our patients, who were informed by other programs that surgery was needed, to avoid or delay in undergoing surgery. […] Our group will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that also accounts for your preferences.

• #75 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Center | Schneeweiss Adult Congenital Heart Center

  https://www.congenitalheart.cuimc.columbia.edu/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-center

  Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve may be at risk for developing a narrowed (aortic stenosis) or leaky (aortic regurgitation) valve early in life. […] The Columbia University/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital Bicuspid Valve Center is multi-disciplinary team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and researchers dedicated to improving care for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Our center takes a comprehensive approach to treatment that includes multimodality imaging, genetic risk assessment, and patient preference. […] When surgery is required, there are many options to consider including minimally invasive surgery, aortic valve repair, mechanical and prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the Ross procedure, the David procedure, the Bentall procedure and others. […] Moreover, advanced medical management with close follow-up by our experts and cutting-edge imaging technology has allowed many of our patients, who were informed by other programs that surgery was needed, to avoid or delay in undergoing surgery. […] Our group will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that also accounts for your preferences.

• #76 Get Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Care | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-treatment

  Cleveland Clinic is the No. 1 hospital in the nation for heart care and one of the only hospitals in the world to repair bicuspid aortic valves. […] Our heart specialists are world-renowned for their expertise, excellent outcomes and outstanding patient care. […] At Cleveland Clinic, your excellent care is always our first priority. […] As a patient at one of the largest cardiac centers in the U.S., your care team will include leading heart specialists, including cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pathologists, nurses and more. […] If needed, Cleveland Clinic providers in other specialties will also work closely with your heart team to provide comprehensive, coordinated care for complex conditions. […] Your treatment will depend on the type of bicuspid aortic valve disease you have, how badly your valve is damaged, your age, medical history and your family medical history. […] If your condition is more serious, treatment options may include: […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valve disease need surgery to repair or replace their valve. […] At Cleveland Clinic, our cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons are among the best in the world.

• #77 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program at Columbia | Columbia Surgery

  https://columbiasurgery.org/aortic/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program-columbia

  If you or someone you love needs treatment for a bicuspid aortic valve, you want to work with a team with a proven track record of providing the best outcomes. The Columbia Bicuspid Aortic Valve Program offers expert diagnosis and the most advanced treatments for bicuspid valve repair and replacement, including the latest minimally invasive treatments and cutting-edge surgical procedures. […] Our bicuspid valve team provides outstanding care for patients with bicuspid aortic valves and similar complex anatomy, as well as valvular and aortic disease related to their bicuspid valves. […] Our team of Columbia cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and researchers collaborate to make the best decisions about how and when to correct your condition. […] Our experience with all types of surgical corrections for bicuspid valves allows us to define when and if surgery is necessary. Columbia is one of the few institutions in the world specializing in complex operations like the Ross procedure and David Procedure. […] Our cardiac surgery team has an outstanding track record of caring for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve, including young adults with bicuspid-associated valvular and aortic disease.

• #78 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #79 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #80 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #81 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #82 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #83 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center is completely focused on treating heart valve problems. Here, we offer diagnosis and the latest treatment options for patients who have valve disease. […] We use a cardiac ultrasound (echocardiogram) to diagnose patients. No treatment can slow the narrowing of a bicuspid aortic valve. Eventually, patients might need valve replacement and/or surgical repair of an aortic aneurysm. […] The UR Medicine Advanced Heart Valve Center was the first in the Rochester metropolitan area and surrounding region to use minimally invasive techniques for aortic valve replacement. This means doing the heart valve replacement surgery through a small incision (less than 2 inches) on the side of the chest instead of opening the entire breastbone. This can mean less pain and scarring, quicker recovery, lower risk of complications, and a faster return to normal life.

• #84 Aortic Valve Disease – Aortic Care | UCLA Health

  https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/heart/aortic/aortic-conditions-diseases/aortic-valve-disease

  Aortic valve disease occurs when the valve that acts like a gateway between the heart and the aorta does not work properly. A damaged aortic valve can either block or leak blood being pumped from the heart, causing heart and circulatory problems. Aortic valve disease can happen because of a birth defect (bicuspid aortic valve), aging or as a result of an underlying disease. […] At UCLA, our skilled surgeons perform traditional open valve replacement as well as the latest minimally invasive technique, called transcatheter valve implantation, to provide the best option for our patients. […] Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) The surgeon threads a catheter a long, flexible tube through an artery, usually in the groin or pelvis. A new valve is placed in the ascending aorta to restore aortic valve function. This minimally invasive technique leads to faster recovery.

• #85 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valves commonly require an intervention on their valve and/or aorta. […] To better support patients with bicuspid aortic valves, we developed a comprehensive program that utilizes the multidisciplinary care team, complex interventions, and translational research protocols. […] We created a comprehensive BAV program to address the clinical and research needs of patients with BAV. Our program includes advanced imaging, complex surgical and transcatheter therapies, family screening coordination, genetic counseling, liaisons between pediatric and adult care teams, a longitudinal clinical database, and translational research initiatives using 4D flow CMR and a growing biobank for BAV and TAV valve and aortic tissues. A designated BAV nurse facilitates the clinical, educational, and research activity between the care team and each patient-family.

• #86 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Center | Schneeweiss Adult Congenital Heart Center

  https://www.congenitalheart.cuimc.columbia.edu/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-center

  Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve may be at risk for developing a narrowed (aortic stenosis) or leaky (aortic regurgitation) valve early in life. […] The Columbia University/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital Bicuspid Valve Center is multi-disciplinary team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and researchers dedicated to improving care for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Our center takes a comprehensive approach to treatment that includes multimodality imaging, genetic risk assessment, and patient preference. […] When surgery is required, there are many options to consider including minimally invasive surgery, aortic valve repair, mechanical and prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the Ross procedure, the David procedure, the Bentall procedure and others. […] Moreover, advanced medical management with close follow-up by our experts and cutting-edge imaging technology has allowed many of our patients, who were informed by other programs that surgery was needed, to avoid or delay in undergoing surgery. […] Our group will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that also accounts for your preferences.

• #87 ACHA Q&A: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav/

  Surgical replacement of the aorta is recommended when the aortic root diameter is greater than 5.5 cm. It is suggested when the diameter is greater than 4.5 cm if it is growing rapidly or if there is a family history of dissection. […] If you have BAV, you should see an ACHD cardiologist before getting pregnant. […] If you or a family member have BAV, it is recommended that your children and other first-degree relatives be screened for BAV and for aortic dilation. […] In some cases, people may never know they have BAV. It is not found until autopsy. In the most severe cases, when symptoms are present at birth or in early infancy, surgical repair of the valve must be performed immediately. […] If valve replacement surgery is necessary, there are two traditional valve optionsmechanical or tissue. […] Some patients with BAV, but not all, have exercise restrictions. […] Lifelong follow-up with an ACHD provider is important for all adults with CHD. This includes those with BAV. It is crucial that you see a heart doctor who is trained in and specializes in ACHD.

• #88 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | VCU Healthic_closeGroup

  https://www.vcuhealth.org/news/bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  Functioning of your aortic valve will need to be monitored for progression of valve stenosis (tightness) and/or valve leakage. Your heart chamber size, wall thickness, and pumping function will also need to be monitored, as well as any progressive enlargement of your aorta, which frequently occurs in people with BAV. […] Children and adults with bicuspid aortic valve need regular checkups and serial echocardiograms to monitor the function of the valve and aorta size. […] Treatment depends on the extent of valve dysfunction and the degree of dilated aorta. There are no medications to treat or slow progression of a bicuspid aortic valve. However, certain medications to treat related heart problems such as high blood pressure may be prescribed. If there is severe valve stenosis or leakage, a valve intervention, such as surgical or percutaneous aortic valve replacements, can be offered to restore normal aortic valve function. Surgery may also be needed to correct the enlarged aorta. […] If you have a bicuspid aortic valve, you will likely be referred to a heart doctor who specializes in congenital heart disease (congenital cardiologist) who can follow you long-term in an Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD) Program.

• #89 Get Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Care | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-treatment

  Cleveland Clinic is the No. 1 hospital in the nation for heart care and one of the only hospitals in the world to repair bicuspid aortic valves. […] Our heart specialists are world-renowned for their expertise, excellent outcomes and outstanding patient care. […] At Cleveland Clinic, your excellent care is always our first priority. […] As a patient at one of the largest cardiac centers in the U.S., your care team will include leading heart specialists, including cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pathologists, nurses and more. […] If needed, Cleveland Clinic providers in other specialties will also work closely with your heart team to provide comprehensive, coordinated care for complex conditions. […] Your treatment will depend on the type of bicuspid aortic valve disease you have, how badly your valve is damaged, your age, medical history and your family medical history. […] If your condition is more serious, treatment options may include: […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valve disease need surgery to repair or replace their valve. […] At Cleveland Clinic, our cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons are among the best in the world.

• #90 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valves commonly require an intervention on their valve and/or aorta. […] To better support patients with bicuspid aortic valves, we developed a comprehensive program that utilizes the multidisciplinary care team, complex interventions, and translational research protocols. […] We created a comprehensive BAV program to address the clinical and research needs of patients with BAV. Our program includes advanced imaging, complex surgical and transcatheter therapies, family screening coordination, genetic counseling, liaisons between pediatric and adult care teams, a longitudinal clinical database, and translational research initiatives using 4D flow CMR and a growing biobank for BAV and TAV valve and aortic tissues. A designated BAV nurse facilitates the clinical, educational, and research activity between the care team and each patient-family.

• #91 Get Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Care | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-treatment

  Cleveland Clinic is the No. 1 hospital in the nation for heart care and one of the only hospitals in the world to repair bicuspid aortic valves. […] Our heart specialists are world-renowned for their expertise, excellent outcomes and outstanding patient care. […] At Cleveland Clinic, your excellent care is always our first priority. […] As a patient at one of the largest cardiac centers in the U.S., your care team will include leading heart specialists, including cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pathologists, nurses and more. […] If needed, Cleveland Clinic providers in other specialties will also work closely with your heart team to provide comprehensive, coordinated care for complex conditions. […] Your treatment will depend on the type of bicuspid aortic valve disease you have, how badly your valve is damaged, your age, medical history and your family medical history. […] If your condition is more serious, treatment options may include: […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valve disease need surgery to repair or replace their valve. […] At Cleveland Clinic, our cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons are among the best in the world.

• #92 Get Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Care | Cleveland Clinic

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-treatment

  Cleveland Clinic is the No. 1 hospital in the nation for heart care and one of the only hospitals in the world to repair bicuspid aortic valves. […] Our heart specialists are world-renowned for their expertise, excellent outcomes and outstanding patient care. […] At Cleveland Clinic, your excellent care is always our first priority. […] As a patient at one of the largest cardiac centers in the U.S., your care team will include leading heart specialists, including cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, pathologists, nurses and more. […] If needed, Cleveland Clinic providers in other specialties will also work closely with your heart team to provide comprehensive, coordinated care for complex conditions. […] Your treatment will depend on the type of bicuspid aortic valve disease you have, how badly your valve is damaged, your age, medical history and your family medical history. […] If your condition is more serious, treatment options may include: […] Most people with bicuspid aortic valve disease need surgery to repair or replace their valve. […] At Cleveland Clinic, our cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons are among the best in the world.

• #93 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valves commonly require an intervention on their valve and/or aorta. […] To better support patients with bicuspid aortic valves, we developed a comprehensive program that utilizes the multidisciplinary care team, complex interventions, and translational research protocols. […] We created a comprehensive BAV program to address the clinical and research needs of patients with BAV. Our program includes advanced imaging, complex surgical and transcatheter therapies, family screening coordination, genetic counseling, liaisons between pediatric and adult care teams, a longitudinal clinical database, and translational research initiatives using 4D flow CMR and a growing biobank for BAV and TAV valve and aortic tissues. A designated BAV nurse facilitates the clinical, educational, and research activity between the care team and each patient-family.

• #94 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #95 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valves commonly require an intervention on their valve and/or aorta. […] To better support patients with bicuspid aortic valves, we developed a comprehensive program that utilizes the multidisciplinary care team, complex interventions, and translational research protocols. […] We created a comprehensive BAV program to address the clinical and research needs of patients with BAV. Our program includes advanced imaging, complex surgical and transcatheter therapies, family screening coordination, genetic counseling, liaisons between pediatric and adult care teams, a longitudinal clinical database, and translational research initiatives using 4D flow CMR and a growing biobank for BAV and TAV valve and aortic tissues. A designated BAV nurse facilitates the clinical, educational, and research activity between the care team and each patient-family.

• #96 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patients with bicuspid aortic valves commonly require an intervention on their valve and/or aorta. […] To better support patients with bicuspid aortic valves, we developed a comprehensive program that utilizes the multidisciplinary care team, complex interventions, and translational research protocols. […] We created a comprehensive BAV program to address the clinical and research needs of patients with BAV. Our program includes advanced imaging, complex surgical and transcatheter therapies, family screening coordination, genetic counseling, liaisons between pediatric and adult care teams, a longitudinal clinical database, and translational research initiatives using 4D flow CMR and a growing biobank for BAV and TAV valve and aortic tissues. A designated BAV nurse facilitates the clinical, educational, and research activity between the care team and each patient-family.

• #97 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #98 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/893523-overview

  Bicuspid aortic valve is a common congenital anomaly but does not cause functional problems unless aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, or dissection or infective endocarditis occurs. Follow up for development of these functional lesions is indicated. […] Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is not recommended, but maintaining good oral and dental hygiene is emphasized. Routine endocarditis prophylaxis is indicated if there is prior history of endocarditis, prosthetic valve placement or for 6-months after complete repair of heart defect. […] Patient and family education should emphasize the fairly benign course for the child with bicuspid aortic valve. […] Older children and adolescents should begin to be made aware of the accelerated aging processes (ie, progressive stenosis), with particular attention to coronary risk factors. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to maintain healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid coronary risk factors such as smoking.

• #99 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #100 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #101 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #102 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #103 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #104 The need for comprehensive multidisciplinary programs, complex interventions, and precision medicine for bicuspid aortic valve disease – Crawford- Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery

  https://www.annalscts.com/article/view/16939/html

  Patient education at individual and group levels is an important feature of our program. The BAV nurse coordinator provides educational materials and counseling on infective endocarditis prophylaxis (e.g., dental hygiene and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with prosthetic aortic valves), exercise precautions in patients with aortopathy, family screening, blood pressure control, and post-operative guidelines. […] Education is chiefly targeted toward patients at critical points in care—those who are newly-diagnosed, preparing for cardiac surgery, and one year post-surgery.

• #105 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #106 ACHA Q&A: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav/

  Surgical replacement of the aorta is recommended when the aortic root diameter is greater than 5.5 cm. It is suggested when the diameter is greater than 4.5 cm if it is growing rapidly or if there is a family history of dissection. […] If you have BAV, you should see an ACHD cardiologist before getting pregnant. […] If you or a family member have BAV, it is recommended that your children and other first-degree relatives be screened for BAV and for aortic dilation. […] In some cases, people may never know they have BAV. It is not found until autopsy. In the most severe cases, when symptoms are present at birth or in early infancy, surgical repair of the valve must be performed immediately. […] If valve replacement surgery is necessary, there are two traditional valve optionsmechanical or tissue. […] Some patients with BAV, but not all, have exercise restrictions. […] Lifelong follow-up with an ACHD provider is important for all adults with CHD. This includes those with BAV. It is crucial that you see a heart doctor who is trained in and specializes in ACHD.

• #107 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #108 ACHA Q&A: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav/

  Surgical replacement of the aorta is recommended when the aortic root diameter is greater than 5.5 cm. It is suggested when the diameter is greater than 4.5 cm if it is growing rapidly or if there is a family history of dissection. […] If you have BAV, you should see an ACHD cardiologist before getting pregnant. […] If you or a family member have BAV, it is recommended that your children and other first-degree relatives be screened for BAV and for aortic dilation. […] In some cases, people may never know they have BAV. It is not found until autopsy. In the most severe cases, when symptoms are present at birth or in early infancy, surgical repair of the valve must be performed immediately. […] If valve replacement surgery is necessary, there are two traditional valve optionsmechanical or tissue. […] Some patients with BAV, but not all, have exercise restrictions. […] Lifelong follow-up with an ACHD provider is important for all adults with CHD. This includes those with BAV. It is crucial that you see a heart doctor who is trained in and specializes in ACHD.

• #109 Bicuspid aortic valve: Preconception and pregnancy care – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bicuspid-aortic-valve-preconception-and-pregnancy-care

  Bicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting 1 percent of the population with a 2 to 3:1 male predominance. A bicuspid aortic valve may be functionally normal, or it may be stenotic and/or regurgitant. Management for patients with bicuspid aortic valve prior to and during pregnancy and delivery will be reviewed here. […] Risk of aortic complications—Pregnant patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation are at potential risk of spontaneous aortic dissection, usually in the third trimester or postpartum, especially if there is an associated aortic coarctation. The predisposition to ascending aortic dissection among patients with bicuspid aortic valve reflects an inherent abnormality of the ascending aortic media. The development of aortic root and/or ascending aorta enlargement is independent of whether the bicuspid aortic valve is functionally normal, stenotic, or regurgitant. Pregnancy-associated increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and stroke volume result in increased aortic stress, which may promote aortic dilation and/or dissection. […] Among patients with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic dilation is common, but the risk of aortic dissection is generally low with contemporary management.

• #110 Bicuspid aortic valve: Preconception and pregnancy care – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bicuspid-aortic-valve-preconception-and-pregnancy-care

  Bicuspid aortic valve is the most prevalent congenital cardiac abnormality, affecting 1 percent of the population with a 2 to 3:1 male predominance. A bicuspid aortic valve may be functionally normal, or it may be stenotic and/or regurgitant. Management for patients with bicuspid aortic valve prior to and during pregnancy and delivery will be reviewed here. […] Risk of aortic complications—Pregnant patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilation are at potential risk of spontaneous aortic dissection, usually in the third trimester or postpartum, especially if there is an associated aortic coarctation. The predisposition to ascending aortic dissection among patients with bicuspid aortic valve reflects an inherent abnormality of the ascending aortic media. The development of aortic root and/or ascending aorta enlargement is independent of whether the bicuspid aortic valve is functionally normal, stenotic, or regurgitant. Pregnancy-associated increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and stroke volume result in increased aortic stress, which may promote aortic dilation and/or dissection. […] Among patients with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic dilation is common, but the risk of aortic dissection is generally low with contemporary management.

• #111 Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Symptoms & Treatment | Mass General Brigham

  https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/patient-care/services-and-specialties/heart/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Bicuspid aortic valve is a congenital heart defect, meaning it is present at birth. […] Some people may benefit from medication, but if symptoms are severe, your doctor will usually recommend bicuspid aortic valve surgery, such as bicuspid aortic valve replacement or bicuspid aortic valve repair. […] With proper care, including valve surgery when necessary, the life expectancy of a person with a bicuspid aortic valve is the same as that of the general population. […] Getting appropriate care is vital.

• #112 Bicuspid Aortic Valve > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  For people with a dilated aorta but whose aortic valve is functioning well, a surgeon may repair the aorta and leave the aortic valve in place. […] For people with a poorly functioning bicuspid aortic valve and dilated aorta, surgery may be necessary repair or replace the aortic valve and repair the aorta. […] This procedure may be used to treat people with aortic stenosis. […] TAVR may be an option for people with aortic stenosis. […] The outcome for people with a bicuspid aortic valve can vary greatly depending on whether complications develop, as well as their severity. […] With treatment, the prognosis for people with bicuspid aortic valves is good and life expectancy is similar to that of the general population. […] Yale Medicine offers a multifaceted approach with a wide range of programs to care for patients with bicuspid aortic valves across all age groups.

• #113 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) | Frankel Cardiovascular Center | Michigan Medicine

  https://www.umcvc.org/conditions-treatments/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav

  Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a genetic condition that causes the aortic valve to have two leaflets instead of three. […] Doctors at the Frankel Cardiovascular Centers Comprehensive Aortic Program have extensive experience treating patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease. […] Our congenital heart disease specialists will track your condition to identify any changes early. Close follow-up care is important to protect your heart and prevent a life-threatening condition. […] For more severe valve disease, you may need a minimally invasive procedure or open-heart surgery to replace or repair your aortic valve. If you have an enlarged aorta or indication of an aneurysm or dissection, your doctor will also recommend treating that condition.

• #114 Bicuspid Aortic Valve

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16780-bicuspid-aortic-valve-disease

  A bicuspid aortic valve can cause serious complications like heart failure. […] With treatment, it won’t affect your life expectancy and you can lead a healthy life. […] About 1 in 3 people with a bicuspid aortic valve develop complications. They can be very serious or even fatal. That’s why people with a bicuspid aortic valve disease diagnosis need ongoing medical checkups and testing. […] Medications like beta-blockers or diuretics can help with symptoms. But they won’t fix this condition. Bicuspid aortic valve disease treatment involves surgery for about 4 out of 5 people with this problem. Your surgeon will either repair or replace your aortic valve. […] It’s important to have surgery early enough to prevent permanent damage to your heart. […] You may need to make some lifestyle changes to help keep your heart healthy and reduce stress on your heart.

• #115 Living Well with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Blue Cross VT

  https://www.bluecrossvt.org/health-community/blog/listing/living-well-bicuspid-aortic-valve

  Maintaining her hearts health is something Jordan Heiden of Barre City does year-round, not just during Februarys American Heart Month. Thats because Jordan is living with a heart condition called bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). […] To manage her condition, the 29-year-old exercises regularly and adheres to a plant-based diet. She also takes care of her emotional health by limiting stress. With her self-care and periodic medical check-ups, Jordan has been able to live normally and her BAV remains stable. […] While BAV can be treated by surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve, the best strategy is to prevent problems like stenosis or regurgitation from developing. This can be done by: Following a hearty-healthy diet, Exercising frequently, Maintaining a healthy weight, Taking blood pressure and cholesterol medications, if needed, Not smoking, Practicing good oral hygiene (to prevent bacterial infections that affect the heart valve), Getting regular check-ups.

• #116 Mayo Clinic Q and A: Treatment and management of bicuspid aortic valve – Mayo Clinic News Network

  https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-q-and-a-treatment-and-management-of-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  A new diagnosis of a bicuspid aortic valve usually does not require immediate intervention or have significant health effects in the short- or mid-term. It does require lifelong surveillance because it may cause heart problems in the long term. Over half of patients will need aortic valve repair or replacement within 25 years after bicuspid aortic valve diagnosis. […] Treatment of the bicuspid aortic valve depends on the extent of the valve’s disease, the patient’s symptoms and the size of the aorta. Open-heart surgery may be needed if the narrowing or leakiness is severe or the patient is experiencing symptoms. […] In summary, once the diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve is established, you will require lifelong care and surveillance by a cardiologist using an echocardiogram to monitor your valve and aorta.

• #117 Living Well with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Blue Cross VT

  https://www.bluecrossvt.org/health-community/blog/listing/living-well-bicuspid-aortic-valve

  In the years since learning she has BAV, Jordan says maintaining her hearts health has stayed on her mind. Following her doctors advice, she has avoided contact sports and heavy weightlifting, instead choosing running and other safer forms of exercise. […] There are treatments for BAV that do work, she notes. As long as you show up to your routine appointments and listen to your care team, you can live a pretty standard life, she says.

• #118 Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV): Complications and treatment

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  BAV can lead to serious complications. Several treatment options can help manage BAV. […] When BAV is well managed, including doctors implementing medical interventions when necessary, the life expectancy of people with BAV has been shown to be much the same as most people who do not have BAV. […] They can help you create a care management plan that includes implementing medical interventions when necessary. Medical interventions may include medications, surgery to fix the aortic valve, and lifestyle changes. […] With a healthcare team providing medical insight, support, and interventions, people with BAV can generally live a full and long life.

• #119 Living with Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/blog/caring-for-patients-with-bicuspid-aortic-valve/

  The most important thing that patients with BAV can do is to lead a healthy lifestyle which includes a heart-healthy diet and routine exercise! Exercise is beneficial to both the physical and emotional well-being of people with BAV disease, and regular exercise is an important life-long general wellness recommendation. Most people with BAV can safely exercise without significant restrictions. Strenuous isometric exercise (e.g., weight-lifting, climbing steep inclines, chin-ups), should be avoided if there is severe valve disease, or moderate to severe aortic ectasia. […] Management of BAV includes: Education, Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated, Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up, Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation, Potential physical activity restrictions, Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation, Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture. […] Patients with bicuspid aortic valve should have regular follow up with their cardiologist to monitor valve dysfunction and aortopathy.

• #120 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #121 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #122 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #123 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #124 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #125 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #126 Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) Treatment | Lurie Children’s

  https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/bicuspid-aortic-valve-program/

  The Heart Center at Lurie Childrens is dedicated to monitoring and caring for more than 1,000 infants, children and teenagers with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. […] Our team of cardiac surgeons, cardiologists and nurses offer advanced medical and surgical treatment options, including: […] Management of the patient with BAV includes: […] Education […] Good dental care and endocarditis prophylaxis, if indicated […] Serial clinical, echocardiographic and CT/MRI follow up […] Treatment of high blood pressure and possible medical therapy for associated aortic valve dysfunction and/or aortic dilation […] Potential physical activity restrictions […] Cardiac transcatheter interventions and/or surgery for significant aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation […] Surgery for aortic root aneurysm to prevent life-threatening rupture […] Surgery for aortic valve replacement. […] Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) screening is recommended for all first-degree relatives of someone with BAV. Early diagnosis can prevent later complications.

• #127 Bicuspid Aortic Valve | UK Healthcare

  https://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/gill-heart-vascular-institute/conditions/adult-congenital-heart-disease/bicuspid-aortic-valve

  At all ages, close monitoring and expert care for CHD patients are essential. […] To guide teens and their families through the transition, UK Gill Heart Vascular Institute team members talk about the transition early and often. […] Once imaging is complete, you will meet with an adult congenital cardiologist and other team members for up to one hour. Youll discuss the results of your echocardiogram and your health history and symptoms. You will also get in-depth education about your diagnosis, how it may affect you moving forward and possible treatment options. The meeting is also a great opportunity to ask any questions about living with CHD. […] Clinical trials provide access to novel treatments for those in the adult CHD program at UK Gill Heart Vascular Institute. Through our Cardiology Clinical Research Center, patients benefit from advances in valve replacement and other therapies before they become standard treatment. Your care team will notify you if you qualify for an ongoing clinical trial.

• #128 Bicuspid Aortic Valve Center | Schneeweiss Adult Congenital Heart Center

  https://www.congenitalheart.cuimc.columbia.edu/services/bicuspid-aortic-valve-center

  Individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve may be at risk for developing a narrowed (aortic stenosis) or leaky (aortic regurgitation) valve early in life. […] The Columbia University/NewYork Presbyterian Hospital Bicuspid Valve Center is multi-disciplinary team of cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and researchers dedicated to improving care for patients with a bicuspid aortic valve. […] Our center takes a comprehensive approach to treatment that includes multimodality imaging, genetic risk assessment, and patient preference. […] When surgery is required, there are many options to consider including minimally invasive surgery, aortic valve repair, mechanical and prosthetic aortic valve replacement, the Ross procedure, the David procedure, the Bentall procedure and others. […] Moreover, advanced medical management with close follow-up by our experts and cutting-edge imaging technology has allowed many of our patients, who were informed by other programs that surgery was needed, to avoid or delay in undergoing surgery. […] Our group will work with you to develop an individualized treatment plan that also accounts for your preferences.

• #129 ACHA Q&A: Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) – ACHA

  https://www.achaheart.org/your-heart/educational-qas/types-of-heart-defects/bicuspid-aortic-valve-bav/

  Surgical replacement of the aorta is recommended when the aortic root diameter is greater than 5.5 cm. It is suggested when the diameter is greater than 4.5 cm if it is growing rapidly or if there is a family history of dissection. […] If you have BAV, you should see an ACHD cardiologist before getting pregnant. […] If you or a family member have BAV, it is recommended that your children and other first-degree relatives be screened for BAV and for aortic dilation. […] In some cases, people may never know they have BAV. It is not found until autopsy. In the most severe cases, when symptoms are present at birth or in early infancy, surgical repair of the valve must be performed immediately. […] If valve replacement surgery is necessary, there are two traditional valve optionsmechanical or tissue. […] Some patients with BAV, but not all, have exercise restrictions. […] Lifelong follow-up with an ACHD provider is important for all adults with CHD. This includes those with BAV. It is crucial that you see a heart doctor who is trained in and specializes in ACHD.

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