Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Learn How to Prevent Melanoma, Skin Cancer Prevention – MRA

  https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/prevention

  Many people still get too much exposure to the sun even though nine out of every ten skin cancers, including melanoma, are caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. […] Never Intentionally Expose Your Skin to the Sun. There is no such thing as a 'healthy’ tan. […] Wear Sunscreen. Make sunscreen a daily habit. UV radiation can still damage skin even in the winter and on cloudy days. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (protects against UVA and UVB rays) with SPF of at least 30. […] Wear Sun Protective Clothing. Protect your body with sun-protective clothing, hat, and sunglasses. […] Avoid Peak Rays. Seek shade during the mid-day sun, when the suns rays are most intense. […] Dont Use Tanning Beds. Indoor tanning has been shown to increase the risk of melanoma by up to 75%. […] Protect Children. Children are particularly vulnerable to damage from UV rays. Just one bad sunburn in childhood or adolescence doubles your childs chances of developing melanoma later in life.

• #1 Reducing Risk for Skin Cancer | Skin Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/prevention/index.html

  Making sun protection an everyday habit will help lower your skin cancer risk. […] To lower your risk of getting skin cancer, you can protect your skin from UV rays from the sun, and avoid artificial sources of UV exposure like tanning beds and sunlamps. […] Protection from UV rays is important all year, not just during the summer. […] If the UV index is 3 or higher in your area, protect your skin from too much exposure to the sun. […] Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. […] Indoor tanning exposes users to high levels of UV rays. […] A „base tan” is actually a sign of skin damage. […] To lower your skin cancer risk, protect your skin from the sun and avoid tanning.

• #1 Skin Cancer Prevention

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/

  Skin cancer prevention requires a comprehensive approach to protecting yourself against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends that you: Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM. Don’t get sunburned. Avoid tanning, and never use UV tanning beds. Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses. Use a broad-spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day. For extended outdoor activity, use a water-resistant, broad-spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 50 or higher. Apply 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of sunscreen to your entire body 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or after swimming or excessive sweating. Keep newborns out of the sun. Use sunscreen on babies over the age of six months. Examine your skin head-to-toe every month. See a dermatologist at least once a year for a professional skin exam.

• #1 Preventing Melanoma | Can Melanoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent melanoma. But there are things you can do that could lower your risk of getting melanoma and other skin cancers. […] The most important way to lower your risk of melanoma is to protect yourself from exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] If you are going to be in the sun, this catchphrase can help you remember some of the key steps you can take to protect yourself from UV rays: Slip on a shirt. Slop on sunscreen. Slap on a hat. Wrap on sunglasses to protect the eyes and sensitive skin around them. […] Many people believe the UV rays of tanning beds are harmless. This is not true. Tanning lamps give off UV rays, which can cause long-term skin damage and can contribute to skin cancer. Tanning bed use has been linked with an increased risk of melanoma, especially if it is started before a person is 30 years old.

• #1 Prevent Melanoma with These 5 Tips from NFCR

  https://www.nfcr.org/blog/5-tips-to-help-prevent-melanoma/

  Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to all skin not covered by clothing. Remember to reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. […] Research has shown that exposure to UV radiation from indoor tanning devices is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Even one indoor tanning session can increase users risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma by 67% and basal cell carcinoma by 29%. […] An essential step in skin cancer prevention is regular screenings. Dermatologists can assess and recommend how often a person needs a skin exam based on each persons risk factors. It is recommended that individuals with a family history of melanoma or other skin cancers should have a full-body exam at least once a year. Another beneficial habit is monthly skin self-exams to check for new or changing moles. Approximately half of the melanomas are self-detected. […] By following these five tips and taking those steps described above, your risk of getting melanoma and other types of skin cancer could be significantly reduced.

• #1 Prevention & Awareness – Melanoma Research Foundation

  https://melanoma.org/melanoma-education/prevention/

  There is no such thing as a safe or healthy tan. Just ONE indoor tanning session increases your chance of skin cancer by 75%. Skin damage is cumulative, for every tan, risk of melanoma increases substantially. […] YOU are most likely to first spot melanoma on your skin. Routinely examine your skin and any moles to identify any changes early on. […] It takes only one blistering sunburn, especially at a young age, to more than double a persons chance of developing melanoma later in life. […] Indoor tanning beds are proven to cause cancer and have been classified into the highest cancer risk category by the World Health Organizations International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC). […] Young people who regularly use tanning beds are 8 times more likely to develop melanoma than people who have never used them. […] Approximately 90% of melanomas are considered preventable. […] The MRF is committed to increasing awareness of melanoma prevention and early detection while offering the most helpful resources for treatment, survivorship and support.

• #1 Melanoma Prevention and Screening Information | Skin Cancer Program | University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center

  https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/skin-cancer/melanoma/prevention

  Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, and although it occurs for several reasons, the most preventable cause is exposure to the sun. […] Protect yourself from the sun. The main preventable cause of melanoma is exposure to ultraviolet light. This is even more important if you have relatives who have had the disease. Limit the time you spend in the sun, particularly between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Use sunscreen or cover up with clothing anytime you are outdoors. […] Everyone should use a sunscreen with at least an SPF of 15. If your skin changes color more quickly, use one with a higher SPF. Be sure to reapply it frequently, particularly if you’ve been swimming or sweating. Also, use enough sunscreen to adequately cover all exposed body parts. […] Parents need to be especially vigilant and ensure that their children wear sunscreen at all times when they are outdoors. Studies have shown that most people get about 80 percent of their exposure to the sun before age 18. This exposure can cause permanent damage that accumulates over the years and leads to melanoma.

• #1 Preventing Melanoma | Can Melanoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Parents and other caregivers should protect children from excess sun exposure by using the steps above. […] Checking your skin regularly may help you spot any new or abnormal moles or other growths and show them to your doctor before they even have a chance to turn into skin cancer. […] Having a weakened immune system increases your risk of getting melanoma and other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancer, as well as many other types of cancer. […] For these people, the benefit from taking these medicines will likely far outweigh the small increased risk of getting skin cancer.

• #1 How to prevent skin cancer

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/prevent/how

  Perform regular skin self-exams to detect skin cancer early, when its most treatable, and see a board-certified dermatologist if you notice new or suspicious spots on your skin, or anything changing, itching or bleeding. […] A tan is a sign that your skin has been injured. […] Whether youre exposed to the suns UV rays or visit an indoor tanning salon, every time you tan, your skin is damaged. As this damage builds, you speed up the aging of your skin and increase your risk for all types of skin cancer, including melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer.

• #1 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  To learn more about skin cancer, check out: Skin Cancer, Skin Cancer and Aging. […] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the main cause of skin cancer. […] Anyone can get skin cancer. […] Youre at higher risk for melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer, if you have: Unusual moles (moles that change color, grow unevenly, or change in texture), A large number of moles (more than 50), Fair skin that burns easily, A family history of melanoma or unusual moles, A personal history of frequently coming in contact with sunlight or UV radiation, A personal history of many blistering sunburns, especially when you were a child or teenager. […] Yes. Anyone can get skin cancer, even people with dark skin like Black or African American people. […] Take these simple steps to help prevent damage to your skin.

• #1 Learn How to Prevent Melanoma, Skin Cancer Prevention – MRA

  https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/prevention

  Melanoma survivors are at a 9-fold increased risk of developing another melanoma. That’s why sun safety habits, regular follow-up care, and full-body skin exams with a dermatologist are so important. […] In addition to practicing these sun safe habits, learn how to detect melanoma at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable.

• #1 Primary prevention of melanoma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-prevention-of-melanoma

  The observed decline in the incidence of invasive melanoma in the state of Queensland, Australia, among males and females under the age of 40 years from the period of 1995 to 2014 may be the result of sun awareness campaigns implemented in Australia on a national scale. A similar reduction in melanoma incidence in younger males and females (age ≤45) was observed in the United States from the period of 2005 to 2014. Whether this reduction is related to increased sun protection behaviors, decreased intentional tanning, or reduced use of tanning beds among adolescents and young adults remains unclear. […] Interventions that may be relevant to the primary prevention of melanoma will be reviewed here. Screening and risk factors for melanoma are discussed separately. […] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known carcinogen. Although a direct causal relationship between UV radiation and melanoma has not been demonstrated in humans, there is strong evidence in support of this relationship: Epidemiologic studies have found that the risk of melanoma is higher among people with lightly pigmented skin who have increased sensitivity to sunlight. In the United States, the incidence of melanoma is at least 20 times greater in White persons than in Black persons, and the highest incidence of melanoma worldwide occurs in Queensland, Australia, a subtropical region with a predominantly Celtic population.

• #1 Primary prevention of melanoma – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/primary-prevention-of-melanoma

  Primary prevention of melanoma […] Melanoma is a worldwide public health concern. At least two-thirds of melanoma in populations with lightly pigmented skin worldwide may be attributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure from both natural and artificial sources. Based upon this and other data implicating UV light as a risk factor for melanoma, reducing exposure to UV radiation from sunbathing and indoor tanning and increasing the use of sun protection has been advocated as a method to reduce the incidence of this malignancy. Based on findings from SunSmart, an Australian skin cancer prevention program, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that a comprehensive national skin cancer prevention program focused on the avoidance of UV radiation exposure from sunbathing and indoor tanning could avert 230,000 melanoma cases and USD $2.7 billion in initial year treatment costs from 2020 to 2030.

• #1 Prevention versus early detection for long-term control of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas: a cost-effectiveness modelling study | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/2/e034388

  Objective To compare the long-term economic impact of melanoma prevention by sun protection, with the corresponding impact of early detection of melanoma to decrease melanoma deaths. […] Primary prevention through daily use of sunscreen is a priority for investment in the control of melanoma. […] Compared with early detection of melanoma, systematic sunscreen use at a population level will prevent substantial numbers of new skin tumours, melanoma deaths and save healthcare costs. […] Primary prevention activities focus on educating the public to protect their skin from UV radiation using protective clothing and sunscreens, rescheduling outdoor activities and reducing use of indoor tanning devices. […] Evidence of effectiveness is strongest for sunscreen use. […] Systematic improvements in sunscreen use would prevent skin cancers and benign skin tumours and bring significant cost savings. […] We have shown that primary prevention through daily use of sunscreen emerges as the priority for investment in the control of melanoma, and secondarily of KC and actinic keratoses in high-risk populations like Queensland.

• #1 Melanoma Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/melanoma/melanoma-screening-prevention

  The American Academy of Dermatology recommends the following measures: use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or greater; use of sunscreens for any sun exposure of more than 20 minutes; application of sunscreens 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure; particular attention to the face, ears, hands, arms, and areas not covered by clothing; reapplication of sunscreen every 2 hours, using approximately 1 ounce for exposed areas; and use of hats and other protective clothing in addition to sunscreen for adequate protection. […] When detected early, most melanomas can be cured with surgery alone. […] It is currently recommended that individuals check their own skin about once a month. […] It is currently recommended that individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 have a cancer-related checkup every three years and that individuals over 40 have a checkup every year.

• #1 Recommendation: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-counseling

  Young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children The USPSTF recommends counseling young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children about minimizing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types to reduce their risk of skin cancer. B […] Adults older than 24 years with fair skin types The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer counseling to adults older than 24 years with fair skin types about minimizing their exposure to UV radiation to reduce risk of skin cancer. Existing evidence indicates that the net benefit of counseling all adults older than 24 years is small. […] Behavioral counseling interventions target sun protection behaviors to reduce UV radiation exposure, including use of broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun-protection factor of 15 or greater; wearing hats, sunglasses, or sun-protective clothing; avoiding sun exposure; seeking shade during midday hours (10 am to 4 pm); and avoiding indoor tanning use.

• #1 Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – PDQ Cancer Information Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65998/

  Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] Being exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a risk factor for skin cancer. […] Treatment of sun-damaged skin to prevent skin cancer: […] It is not known if the following lower the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: Sunscreen use and avoiding sun exposure. […] It is not known if the following lower the risk of melanoma: Sunscreen. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent skin cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #1 A review of skin cancer primary prevention activities in primary care settings «

  https://www.phrp.com.au/issues/june-2024-volume-34-issue-2/skin-cancer-primary-prevention-in-primary-care/

  Objectives: Skin cancer is highly preventable through primary prevention activities such as avoiding ultraviolet radiation exposure during peak times and regular use of sun protection. General practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses have key responsibilities in promoting sustained primary prevention behaviour. […] These findings highlight potential opportunities for improving skin cancer prevention activities in primary care. Ensuring ease of program delivery, integration with early detection and availability of resources such as risk assessment tools are enablers to encourage and increase uptake of primary prevention behaviours in primary care, for both practitioners and patients. […] For delivery of skin cancer prevention in primary care, there is good evidence for behavioural counselling and some evidence of effectiveness for risk assessment and risk-tailored information. The use of new technologies appears promising but is supported by limited evidence.

• #1 The Role of Laser Treatments in Preventing Skin Cancer

  https://www.dermatologytimes.com/view/the-role-of-laser-treatments-in-preventing-skin-cancer

  Patricia Richey, MD, delves into efficacy of the 1927 and 1550 nanometer lasers to prevent skin cancers. […] Richey underscored the importance of reminding patients of preventive measures against UV exposure, recommending SPF 50 or greater with zinc oxide in it and wearing some protective clothing. […] Richey believes laser treatments are becoming an increasingly prominent tool in the prevention of skin cancer. […] More recently, I would say, in the past year and a half, there have been a bunch of different ways in which you can treat pre-skin cancers, actinic keratosis, and or treat the background skin to prevent skin cancers. […] Both lasers have shown efficacy in preventing skin cancers while improving overall skin appearance and health. […] Richey highlighted the potential of these treatments in enhancing skin health and possibly reducing postoperative scarring. […] I see [non-ablative fractional lasers] as playing an amazing role in terms of skin cancer prevention.

• #2 Surgeon General Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer: Exec Summ | HHS.govLock

  https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/skin-cancer/executive-summary/index.html

  The most common types of skin cancer are also strongly associated with exposure to UV radiation. […] As many as 90% of melanomas are estimated to be caused by UV exposure. […] By reducing intentional UV exposure and increasing sun protection, many skin cancer cases can be prevented. […] Individuals can take steps to reduce their risk of developing skin cancer. […] Sun protection helps prevent the harmful effects of sun exposure, including sunburn, skin cancer, premature skin aging, and eye damage. […] According to WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, ideal sun protection involves several behaviors, including wearing tightly woven protective clothing, wearing a hat that provides adequate shade to the whole head, seeking shade whenever possible, avoiding outdoor activities during periods of peak sunlight (such as midday), and using sunscreen (in conjunction with other sun protection behaviors).

• #2 Learn How to Prevent Melanoma, Skin Cancer Prevention – MRA

  https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/prevention

  Many people still get too much exposure to the sun even though nine out of every ten skin cancers, including melanoma, are caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. […] Never Intentionally Expose Your Skin to the Sun. There is no such thing as a 'healthy’ tan. […] Wear Sunscreen. Make sunscreen a daily habit. UV radiation can still damage skin even in the winter and on cloudy days. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (protects against UVA and UVB rays) with SPF of at least 30. […] Wear Sun Protective Clothing. Protect your body with sun-protective clothing, hat, and sunglasses. […] Avoid Peak Rays. Seek shade during the mid-day sun, when the suns rays are most intense. […] Dont Use Tanning Beds. Indoor tanning has been shown to increase the risk of melanoma by up to 75%. […] Protect Children. Children are particularly vulnerable to damage from UV rays. Just one bad sunburn in childhood or adolescence doubles your childs chances of developing melanoma later in life.

• #2 Skin Cancer Prevention

  https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/

  Skin cancer prevention requires a comprehensive approach to protecting yourself against harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. […] The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends that you: Seek the shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM. Don’t get sunburned. Avoid tanning, and never use UV tanning beds. Cover up with clothing, including a broad-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses. Use a broad-spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day. For extended outdoor activity, use a water-resistant, broad-spectrum (UVA/UVB) sunscreen with an SPF of 50 or higher. Apply 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) of sunscreen to your entire body 30 minutes before going outside. Reapply every two hours or after swimming or excessive sweating. Keep newborns out of the sun. Use sunscreen on babies over the age of six months. Examine your skin head-to-toe every month. See a dermatologist at least once a year for a professional skin exam.

• #2 Reducing Risk for Skin Cancer | Skin Cancer | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/prevention/index.html

  Making sun protection an everyday habit will help lower your skin cancer risk. […] To lower your risk of getting skin cancer, you can protect your skin from UV rays from the sun, and avoid artificial sources of UV exposure like tanning beds and sunlamps. […] Protection from UV rays is important all year, not just during the summer. […] If the UV index is 3 or higher in your area, protect your skin from too much exposure to the sun. […] Use a broad spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher. […] Indoor tanning exposes users to high levels of UV rays. […] A „base tan” is actually a sign of skin damage. […] To lower your skin cancer risk, protect your skin from the sun and avoid tanning.

• #2 How to prevent skin cancer

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/prevent/how

  Use sunscreen whenever you are going to be outside, even on cloudy days. […] At a minimum, most adults need about 1 ounce of sunscreen roughly the amount to fill a shot glass to fully cover skin not covered by clothing. Depending on your body size, you may need more sunscreen to protect your exposed skin from the suns harmful rays. […] Dont forget to apply to the tops of your feet, your neck, your ears and the top of your head. […] When outdoors, reapply sunscreen every two hours, or after swimming or sweating. […] Use extra caution near water, snow, and sand, as they reflect the damaging rays of the sun, which can increase your chance of sunburn. […] Avoid tanning beds. Ultraviolet light from tanning beds can cause skin cancer and premature skin aging. […] Consider using a self-tanning product if you want to look tan, but continue to use sunscreen with it.

• #2 Prevention & Awareness – Melanoma Research Foundation

  https://melanoma.org/melanoma-education/prevention/

  There is no such thing as a safe or healthy tan. Just ONE indoor tanning session increases your chance of skin cancer by 75%. Skin damage is cumulative, for every tan, risk of melanoma increases substantially. […] YOU are most likely to first spot melanoma on your skin. Routinely examine your skin and any moles to identify any changes early on. […] It takes only one blistering sunburn, especially at a young age, to more than double a persons chance of developing melanoma later in life. […] Indoor tanning beds are proven to cause cancer and have been classified into the highest cancer risk category by the World Health Organizations International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC). […] Young people who regularly use tanning beds are 8 times more likely to develop melanoma than people who have never used them. […] Approximately 90% of melanomas are considered preventable. […] The MRF is committed to increasing awareness of melanoma prevention and early detection while offering the most helpful resources for treatment, survivorship and support.

• #2 Preventing Melanoma | Can Melanoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  Parents and other caregivers should protect children from excess sun exposure by using the steps above. […] Checking your skin regularly may help you spot any new or abnormal moles or other growths and show them to your doctor before they even have a chance to turn into skin cancer. […] Having a weakened immune system increases your risk of getting melanoma and other types of skin cancer. […] Avoiding known risk factors for HIV infection, such as intravenous (IV) drug use and having unprotected sex with many partners, might lower your risk of skin cancer, as well as many other types of cancer. […] For these people, the benefit from taking these medicines will likely far outweigh the small increased risk of getting skin cancer.

• #2 Learn How to Prevent Melanoma, Skin Cancer Prevention – MRA

  https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/prevention

  Melanoma survivors are at a 9-fold increased risk of developing another melanoma. That’s why sun safety habits, regular follow-up care, and full-body skin exams with a dermatologist are so important. […] In addition to practicing these sun safe habits, learn how to detect melanoma at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable.

• #2 Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-prevention-pdq

  Individuals who have light-hair and -eye color, freckles, and who sunburn easily are particularly susceptible to developing skin cancer. […] Observational and analytic epidemiological studies have consistently shown that increased cumulative sun exposure is a risk factor for keratinocyte carcinoma. […] Melanoma risk correlates with common and atypical nevi. […] Some studies suggest that there may be an interplay between genetic phenotype and sun exposure and that there may be two pathways to melanoma development. […] Organ transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive drugs are at an elevated risk of developing skin cancer, particularly SCC. […] Arsenic exposure also increases the risk of keratinocytic cancers and melanoma. […] Based on solid evidence, individuals with fair skin types (light or pale skin, light-hair and -eye color, freckles, or those who burn easily) are associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

• #2 Melanoma Screening/Prevention

  https://www.texasoncology.com/types-of-cancer/melanoma/melanoma-screening-prevention

  Patients who have been diagnosed with melanoma have a 10-25 times greater risk of developing a second melanoma than the general population. […] It has been demonstrated that patients who undergo routine skin examination and education in self-exam following the diagnosis of their primary melanoma are likely to detect second melanomas at an earlier stage.

• #2 How to prevent skin cancer

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/skin-cancer/prevent/how

  Follow these tips to protect your skin from the damaging effects of sun exposure and reduce your risk of skin cancer. […] Follow these tips to protect your skin from the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays and reduce your risk of skin cancer: […] Seek shade when appropriate, remembering that the suns rays are strongest between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. If your shadow is shorter than you are, seek shade. […] Wear sun-protective clothing, such as a lightweight and long-sleeved shirt, pants, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses with UV protection, when possible. For more effective sun protection, select clothing with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) label. […] Apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Broad-spectrum sunscreen provides protection from both UVA and UVB rays.

• #2 Recommendation: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-counseling

  The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavioral counseling interventions available in or referable from a primary care setting result in a moderate increase in the use of sun protection behaviors for persons aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types. […] The USPSTF found adequate evidence that behavioral counseling interventions result in a small increase in sun protection behaviors in adults older than 24 years. […] The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the benefits and harms of counseling adults about skin self-examination to prevent skin cancer. […] The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that behavioral counseling interventions have a moderate net benefit for young adults, adolescents, and children aged 6 months to 24 years with fair skin types. […] The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the net benefit of counseling to decrease UV exposure and reduce skin cancer risk is moderate in children, adolescents, and young adults aged 6 months to 24 years.

• #2 Skin Cancer Prevention | Skin Cancer Information | University Hospitals

  https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/cancer-services/skin-cancer/prevention

  Avoiding risk factors and increasing protective factors may help prevent cancer. […] Being exposed to ultraviolet radiation is a risk factor for skin cancer. […] Treatment of sun-damaged skin to prevent skin cancer: Topical fluorouracil. […] It is not known if the following lower the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: Sunscreen use and avoiding sun exposure. […] It is not known if the following lower the risk of melanoma: Sunscreen, Counseling and protecting the skin from the sun. […] Cancer prevention clinical trials are used to study ways to prevent cancer. […] New ways to prevent skin cancer are being studied in clinical trials.

• #2 Skin Cancer Prevention (PDQ®) – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-prevention-pdq

  Evidence from 21 RCTs demonstrated that behavior counseling for children and families and for adults improves sun protective behaviors. […] Sunscreen has been shown to prevent sunburns and actinic keratoses. […] Harms of sunscreen for the user are mild and mainly include skin allergic reactions. […] There is no evidence showing that NSAIDs and nicotinamide prevent SCC. […] A randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 240 people at high risk of skin cancer (each with 10-40 actinic keratoses and a history of previous skin cancer) who were given celecoxib 200 mg twice daily or a placebo for 9 months. […] The effect of nicotinamide on the development of new actinic keratosis lesions has been studied with inadequate evidence for efficacy, even in higher-risk populations. […] A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included 1,312 patients with a history of BCC or SCC and a mean follow-up of 6.4 years.

• #2 Preventing Melanoma | Can Melanoma Be Prevented? | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html

  There is no sure way to prevent melanoma. But there are things you can do that could lower your risk of getting melanoma and other skin cancers. […] The most important way to lower your risk of melanoma is to protect yourself from exposure to UV rays. Practice sun safety when you are outdoors. […] If you are going to be in the sun, this catchphrase can help you remember some of the key steps you can take to protect yourself from UV rays: Slip on a shirt. Slop on sunscreen. Slap on a hat. Wrap on sunglasses to protect the eyes and sensitive skin around them. […] Many people believe the UV rays of tanning beds are harmless. This is not true. Tanning lamps give off UV rays, which can cause long-term skin damage and can contribute to skin cancer. Tanning bed use has been linked with an increased risk of melanoma, especially if it is started before a person is 30 years old.

• #2 Skin Cancer – New York State Department of Health

  https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/cancer/skin/

  Many skin cancers can be prevented by reducing exposure to UV rays. Up to 90% of melanomas are estimated to be caused by UV exposure. […] The best way to lower your risk for skin cancer is by avoiding exposure to UV radiation, whether it be from an indoor tanning device or natural light. Ultraviolet radiation is a concern all year round, no matter what the weather. […] There are many ways to reduce exposure to UV radiation. Follow these simple steps: […] Never use a tanning bed, booth or sun lamp. […] Wear a wide brimmed hat, long-sleeved shirts and long pants whenever possible. […] Wear sunglasses that block both types of UV rays (UVA and UVB). Sunglasses will protect the tender skin around the eyes and reduce the risk of cataracts. […] Use a sunscreen labeled „broad-spectrum” with a sun protection factor (SPF) rating of 15 or higher. SPF 15 blocks out 93% of UV rays, while an SPF 30 blocks out 97% of UV rays. […] Apply the sunscreen to dry skin 15-30 minutes before going outdoors and again after swimming or perspiring. […] Avoid direct sun at midday, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun’s rays are strongest. […] Follow these tips on cloudy days too! Clouds do not block most UV rays.

• #3 Take Steps to Prevent Skin Cancer – MyHealthfinder | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/myhealthfinder/health-conditions/cancer/take-steps-prevent-skin-cancer

  Stay out of the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. […] Cover up with long sleeves, a hat, and sunglasses. […] Use sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher. […] Tanning beds, tanning booths, and sunlamps are not any safer than tanning in the sun. […] Just like tanning in the sun, indoor tanning can cause skin cancer, wrinkles, age spots, and other damage to your skin and eyes. […] See a doctor or nurse right away if you notice: A new growth (like a mole or lump) on your skin, An existing growth that has changed in size, shape, color, or feel, A mole that bleeds or a sore that doesnt heal. […] Most skin changes are harmless, but only a doctor or nurse can tell you for sure.

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