Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Skin Cancer (Including Melanoma)—Patient Version – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin

  Melanoma is much less common than the other types but much more likely to invade nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. […] Most deaths from skin cancer are caused by melanoma. […] Melanoma Treatment […] Clinical Trials to Treat Melanoma […] Clinical Trials to Prevent Melanoma […] Clinical advances, research findings, and NCI programs that are leading to progress in treating melanoma and other skin cancers.

• #2 Practice Nursing – Skin cancer: getting back to basics

  https://www.practicenursing.com/content/clinical/skin-cancer-getting-back-to-basics/

  Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the UK. […] Skin cancer is an umbrella term for two main sub-types: melanoma and non-melanoma (basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)), which are named after their cell origin. […] A melanoma skin cancer often poses the most significant threat to life. […] Therefore, health professionals must educate themselves to better screen for skin cancers, provide advice to patients and ensure they are referred appropriately and receive timely care.

• #3 Melanoma mitigation – the key to higher survival rates

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitigating-melanoma/

  Early detection and intervention is key for higher survival rates. […] Nursing patient education requires that nurses understand skin cancer risks, detection, and prevention. […] Nurses are in key positions to provide the education patients need to self-detect potential skin cancer and take preventive steps. […] Prevention strategies and early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of melanoma can lower the disease incidence. Nurses role in primary and secondary prevention measures including assessments, risk screenings, and patient education can improve patient outcomes and help reduce healthcare costs. […] Melanoma is easily treated when it’s identified at an early stage, making early diagnosis key to increased survival rates. […] Counseling patients can help them understand the steps they can take to keep themselves safe and increase adherence to skin cancer prevention practices.

• #4 Nursing Considerations for Melanoma Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/05-2021/nursing-considerations-melanoma-survivorship-care

  Breast, prostate, colorectal, and melanoma are the most common primary cancer sites among 58% of survivors. […] Advancements in immunotherapy and targeted therapies have significantly increased treatment options for a disease that once had very limited treatment options, markedly improving overall five-year survival rates for patients with melanoma. […] Common late and long-term effects in melanoma survivors are largely dependent on the treatment modality, specific agents, and dosage. […] Careful assessment and early intervention are critical for reducing long-term and permanent effects for melanoma survivors. […] Management of immune-related adverse events may include systemic corticosteroids, which are associated with additional long-term considerations for survivorship, such as evaluation for osteoporosis with a DEXA scan.

• #5 Your Patient With Melanoma: Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment

  https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/your-patient-melanoma-staging-prognosis-and-treatment

  Melanoma, a cancer of melanocytes, pigment-producing cells in the skin, is the most serious form of skin cancer. […] Surgery is standard treatment for localized melanoma. […] The role of the oncology nurse in the care of patients with melanoma is essential. […] Oncology nurses who care for patients with melanoma must understand the unique toxicity profiles of many of the novel therapies and anticipate their side effects. […] Patient education and counseling regarding prompt reporting of developing symptoms is crucial to management. […] Of critical importance is the nursing role in primary prevention strategies such as early detection, use and proper application of sunscreening products, skin self-examination, and access to care for a suspicious lesion.

• #6 Treatment (Buzaid & Gershenwald, 2023)

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/melanoma

  Melanoma is a malignant tumor, typically of the skin, that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Melanomas often begin as small, harmless-looking lesions with irregular borders, which progress to irregularly hyperpigmented asymmetric papules, nodules, or plaques with or without ulceration. If not treated promptly, metastasis is likely. Survival rates are contingent on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and treatment; education and early detection are critical to improving outcomes. […] Assess for risk factors: First or second-degree relative with a history of melanoma; Light brown, blond, or red hair; Light eye color (blue or green); High freckle density (greater than 50 common nevi); Fair skin type, light complexion; Weakened immune system (e.g., solid organ transplant, HIV/AIDS patients).

• #7 Melanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/melanoma.html

  Melanoma is a serious and potentially aggressive type of skin cancer. With early detection and treatment, melanoma is highly treatable and usually is curable. Stanford Health Cares skin cancer experts help people with all stages and types of melanoma (which can occur on the skin, eyes, and mucosal areas), including the rarest and most complex cases. Our clinical investigators and physician-scientists are world leaders in advancing melanoma care. […] Melanoma occurs when melanocytes mutate (abnormally change) and grow out of control. This is often related to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from natural sunlight or artificial sources, such as indoor tanning beds. […] Melanomas usually appear on sun-exposed areas of the skin, especially the face, ears, neck, chest, back, and lower legs. However, they can also develop in the eye, on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, and beneath fingernails and toenails.

• #8 Melanoma | Canadian Cancer Society

  https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/melanoma-skin

  Melanoma is a cancer that most often starts in the skin. […] Common signs and symptoms of melanoma skin cancer include a new mark on the skin and a mole that changes size, shape, colour or height. […] Tests to diagnose melanoma, such as biopsy, are done when symptoms suggest a problem or a doctor suspects melanoma. […] The stage of melanoma skin cancer describes the size of the tumour, if cancer is in the lymph nodes and if it has spread (metastasized). […] Melanoma skin cancer can spread (metastasize) to the lymph nodes, lung and liver. […] Prognosis estimates the outcome for melanoma skin cancer. It depends on many factors including the thickness of the tumour and how fast the cancer cells are growing. […] Melanoma skin cancer can be treated with surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and radiation therapy. Sometimes chemotherapy is also used. […] Supportive care for melanoma skin cancer helps people meet physical, practical, emotional and spiritual challenges.

• #9 Skin Cancer Nursing NCLEX Review

  https://www.registerednursern.com/skin-cancer-nursing-nclex-review/

  Melanoma occurs when the melanocytes become cancerous hence why most lesions of melanoma are dark in color. […] Melanoma: appearance: use the ABCDE acronym to help detect melanoma, skin cancer types, nursing nclex. […] Its the most deadly form of skin cancer and has a very high risk of metastasizing (brain, lungs, bones etc.), if not detected early. […] We play a vital role in detection and education! […] Asses the patient for any areas on the skin that doesnt heal, itchy, or changes colors, and teach the patient to report this immediately to their doctor. […] Perform a thorough skin assessment and identify possible cancerous lesions follow the ABCDE assessment (teach the patient to do this monthly): […] Prevention (teach this to the patient): Avoid direct sun exposure between 10 am 4 pm (sun rays are the strongest during these times). […] Treatment depends on the type of cancer and stage. However, the cancerous tissue will be removed (there are various ways to do this).

• #10 Treatment (Buzaid & Gershenwald, 2023)

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/clinical-resources/nursing-pocket-cards/melanoma

  Perform a total body skin assessment, including the palpation of regional and distant lymph nodes. A mole exhibiting any of the following signs should be referred for further examination and/or biopsy: Asymmetry: if a lesion is cut in half, one side is not identical to the other; may be higher on one side, a different texture or color; Border irregularity and bleeding: jagged edges, tails, bleeding, or ulceration are signs of melanoma; Color variegation: 2 or 3 colors present or distributed unevenly; Diameter: greater than or equal to 6 mm; Evolving: any change in mole over weeks to months in size, shape, or color. […] All suspicious lesions should be biopsied for a definitive diagnosis. […] Surgical removal with a margin of normal skin surrounding the melanoma is recommended for Stage 0 (melanoma in situ).

• #11 Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Melanoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in melanocytes (cells that color the skin). […] Melanoma can occur anywhere on the skin. […] Signs of melanoma include a change in the way a mole or pigmented area looks. […] Tests that examine the skin are used to diagnose melanoma. […] After melanoma has been diagnosed, tests may be done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the skin or to other parts of the body. […] Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options. […] There are different types of treatment for people with melanoma. […] Surgery to remove the tumor is the primary treatment for all stages of melanoma. […] Treatment of stage 0 is usually surgery to remove the area of abnormal cells and a small amount of normal tissue around it.

• #12 Melanoma Skin Cancer | Stanford Health Care

  https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/cancer/melanoma.html

  Staging is a process that reveals if cancer has spread beyond the skin to other sites of the body, and, if so, how far. Understanding the melanomas stage helps your medical team determine your prognosis (probable outcome based on large data sets of similar stage cancers) and the optimal treatment plan. […] To establish or confirm a diagnosis, your doctor reviews your health records and completes a physical exam, particularly of your skin and lymph nodes. Your doctor may recommend certain tests, including skin biopsy, genetic tests for melanoma, imaging tests, and lab tests.

• #13 Melanoma & Skin Cancer Program | UCSF Health

  https://www.ucsfhealth.org/clinics/melanoma-and-skin-cancer-program

  The UCSF Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program provides specialized care for patients with all stages of melanoma, from early-stage growths to advanced metastatic cancer, as well as for patients who are healthy but at higher risk of the disease due to family history, genetic mutations or having many abnormal moles. […] Our program emphasizes early diagnosis, because the earlier a skin cancer is detected, the greater the likelihood of successful treatment. […] We offer the full range of treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. […] Our dermatopathologists test melanomas for certain genetic mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, KIT, GNAQ and GNA11 to help us determine the most effective treatment for an individual patient. […] All have special training in cancer care, including how to support and educate patients and their families.

• #14 Melanoma Treatment – NCI

  https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq

  Treatment of stage I melanoma is usually surgery to remove the tumor and some of the normal tissue around it, with or without lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. […] Treatment of stage II melanoma may include: surgery to remove the tumor and some of the normal tissue around it, with lymph node mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. […] Treatment of stage III melanoma that can be removed by surgery may include: surgery to remove the tumor and some of the normal tissue around it, with or without skin grafting to cover the wound caused by surgery. […] Treatment of stage III melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery, stage IV melanoma, and recurrent melanoma may include: immunotherapy with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, interleukin-2 (IL-2), nivolumab and relatimab, or atezolizumab, given alone or in combination. […] Follow-up care may be needed.

• #15 Melanoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/melanoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374888

  Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your melanoma-related health concerns. […] Treatment for melanoma usually includes surgery to remove the melanoma. A very thin melanoma may be removed entirely during the biopsy and require no further treatment. Otherwise, your surgeon will remove the cancer as well as some of the healthy tissue around it. […] If the melanoma has grown deeper into the skin or if it may have spread to the nearby lymph nodes, surgery might be used to remove the lymph nodes. […] Radiation therapy treats cancer with powerful energy beams. The energy can come from X-rays, protons or other sources. […] Radiation therapy may be directed to the lymph nodes if the melanoma has spread there. Radiation therapy also can be used to treat melanomas that can’t be removed completely with surgery.

• #16

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/

  Melanoma skin cancer can often be treated. The treatment you have will depend on: […] Surgery is the main treatment for melanoma. Radiotherapy, medicines and chemotherapy are also sometimes used. […] The specialist care team looking after you will: […] You’ll have regular check-ups during and after any treatments. Depending on the stage of your melanoma, you may have tests and scans. […] Surgery is the main treatment for melanoma, especially if it’s found early. […] Several types of surgery can be used to treat melanoma. […] If a large area of skin is removed, skin may need to be taken from another part of your body and used to cover the area where the melanoma was. This is known as a skin graft. […] Radiotherapy is sometimes used to reduce the size of large melanomas and help control and relieve your symptoms.

• #17 Melanoma | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/melanoma

  Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. […] Melanoma treatment depends on whether the cancer has spread to other areas of the body. Treatment may include surgery, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. […] Most people with melanoma need to have surgery. In some cases, melanomas may be treated by immunotherapy and targeted therapy, and (less frequently) radiotherapy. […] Your doctor will advise you on the best treatment for your cancer. This will depend on the type of cancer you have, where it is, how far it has spread, your general health and what you want. […] Melanomas are usually removed by surgery (except when the melanoma is too advanced). The surgeon also removes some normal-looking skin around the melanoma. This is called a 'margin of safety’ and the margin varies from 5 mm to 2 cm. The purpose is to get rid of any cancer cells in the surrounding skin and prevent the melanoma from growing back at the same site.

• #18 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  These cancers are typically treated by wide excision (surgery to remove the tumor as well as a margin of normal skin around it). The width of the margin depends on the thickness and location of the melanoma. Most often, no other treatment is needed. […] Some doctors may recommend a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) to look for cancer in nearby lymph nodes, especially if the melanoma is stage IB or has other traits that make it more likely to have spread. You and your doctor should discuss this option. […] If the SLNB does not find cancer cells in the lymph nodes, then no further treatment is needed, although close follow-up is still important. […] If cancer cells are found on the SLNB (which changes the cancer stage to stage III see below), a lymph node dissection (removal of all lymph nodes near the cancer) might be recommended. Another option might be to watch the lymph nodes closely by getting an imaging test such as ultrasound of the nodes every few months.

• #19 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Whether or not the lymph nodes are removed, adjuvant (additional) treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapy drugs (if the melanoma has a BRAF gene mutation) might be recommended to try to lower the chance the melanoma will come back. Other drugs or perhaps vaccines might also be options as well as part of a clinical trial. […] Your doctor will discuss the best options with you depending on the details of your situation. […] Surgical treatment for stage III melanoma usually requires wide excision of the primary tumor as in earlier stages, along with a lymph node dissection (where all the nearby lymph nodes are surgically removed). […] After surgery, (additional) adjuvant treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or with targeted therapy drugs (for cancers with BRAF gene changes) may help lower the risk of the melanoma coming back. Other drugs or perhaps vaccines may also be recommended as part of a clinical trial to try to reduce the chance the melanoma will come back.

• #20 Skin Cancer Program | UC San Diego Health

  https://health.ucsd.edu/care/cancer/cancers-we-treat/skin/

  UC San Diego Health oncologists and dermatologists offer comprehensive care for melanoma and other skin cancers. […] More advanced cancer or melanoma may require care from a multidisciplinary team that includes oncologists. […] If you have a skin cancer that is not responding to treatment or have been told you have a rare type of skin cancer, you may want to receive a second opinion on your diagnosis and treatment plan from a Comprehensive Cancer Center such as Moores Cancer Center. […] Your treatment may include one or a combination of the following approaches. […] Your oncologist may recommend surgery if your cancer has spread or if it has not responded fully to targeted or immunotherapy. […] Mohs surgery is a precise technique used to treat certain skin cancers by removing cancerous tissue one layer at a time while preserving as much healthy skin as possible. […] At UC San Diego Health, your cancer care is led by a multidisciplinary team of doctors who specialize in your type of cancer. Highly specialized multidisciplinary care is a hallmark of top-tier academic medical centers such as UC San Diego Health.

• #21 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  Stage 0 melanoma (melanoma in situ) has not grown deeper than the top layer of the skin (the epidermis). It is usually treated by surgery (wide excision) to remove the melanoma and a small margin of normal skin around it. The removed sample is then sent to a lab to be looked at with a microscope. If cancer cells are seen at the edges of the sample, a second, wider excision of the area may be done. […] Some doctors may consider the use of imiquimod cream (Zyclara) or radiation therapy after surgery if not all the cancer cells can be removed for some reason, although not all doctors agree with this. […] For melanomas in sensitive areas on the face, some doctors may use Mohs surgery or even imiquimod cream if surgery might be disfiguring, although not all doctors agree with these uses. […] Stage I melanomas have grown into deeper layers of the skin, but they haven’t grown beyond the area where they started.

• #22 Melanoma – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/melanoma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374888

  Immunotherapy for cancer is a treatment with medicine that helps the body’s immune system to kill cancer cells. […] For melanoma, immunotherapy may be used after surgery for cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes or to other areas of the body. […] Targeted therapy for cancer is a treatment that uses medicines that attack specific chemicals in the cancer cells. […] For melanoma, targeted therapy might be recommended if the cancer has spread to your lymph nodes or to other areas of your body. […] Chemotherapy treats cancer with strong medicines. […] Chemotherapy might be an option to help control melanoma that doesn’t respond to other treatments. […] With time, you’ll find what helps you cope with the uncertainty and distress of a cancer diagnosis. […] Ask your healthcare team about your cancer, including your test results, treatment options and, if you like, your prognosis.

• #23 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  The treatment of widespread melanomas has changed in recent years as newer forms of immunotherapy and targeted drugs have been shown to be more effective than chemotherapy. […] Immunotherapy drugs called checkpoint inhibitors are often the first treatment. These drugs can shrink tumors for long periods of time in some people. […] People who get any of these drugs need to be watched closely for serious side effects. […] It’s important to carefully consider the possible benefits and side effects of any recommended treatment before starting it. […] Because stage IV melanoma is often hard to cure with current treatments, people may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. Many studies are now looking at new targeted drugs, immunotherapies, and combinations of different types of treatments.

• #24 Nursing Considerations for Melanoma Survivorship Care | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/publications-research/voice/news-views/05-2021/nursing-considerations-melanoma-survivorship-care

  Targeted therapy such as BRAF inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib) are another common treatment option. […] Common long-term concerns among melanoma survivors who receive immune checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF-MEK inhibitors are dry, itchy skin; arthralgias; fatigue; and psychological distress from fear of recurrence or death. […] Survivorship care plans should be tailored for specific patient factors, risks factors, comorbidities, and family history. […] Melanoma survivors require routine blood work with consideration for lipid panels and monitoring for secondary malignancies. […] Encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors, including regular exercise, smoking cessation, limited alcohol consumption, sun safety, and staying current with routine, age-appropriate cancer screening.

• #25 Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center – Baltimore, MD – Mercy

  https://mdmercy.com/mercy-services/cancer-institute/melanoma-and-skin-cancer-center

  Whenever possible our staff will coordinate appointments with specialists on the same day. […] Mercy’s renowned experts provide leading edge treatments to best address aggressive skin cancers. […] Chemotherapy – Mercy’s physician team offers many types of chemotherapy drugs including topical chemotherapy creams (applied to the skin) as well as systemic chemotherapy (delivered orally or via injection into the veins) to disrupt and kill cancer cells. […] Immunotherapy – involves the stimulation of the immune system to attack cancer cells more effectively. […] Isolated Limb Infusion / Isolated Limb Perfusion – is a state-of-the-art therapy offered at only select institutions. […] Plastic Surgery – reconstructive techniques can be used to close larger wounds, replace skin and reduce scarring for a more natural look at the site where skin cancer has developed.

• #26 Skin Cancer Treatment In and Near Chicago | Rush

  https://www.rush.edu/services/skin-cancer-care

  Rush University Medical Center is one of a few medical centers that offer isolated limb infusion (ILI) for skin cancers. […] Rush works with ReVital Cancer Rehabilitation to provide you with the care and tools you need to address pain, fatigue and decreased activity levels during and after skin cancer and melanoma treatment.

• #27 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If the SLNB found cancer, adjuvant (additional) treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted therapy drugs (if the melanoma has a BRAF gene mutation) might be recommended to try to lower the chance the melanoma will come back. Other drugs or perhaps vaccines might also be options as part of a clinical trial. […] Stage II melanomas have grown deeper into the skin than stage I melanomas, but they still haven’t grown beyond the area in the skin where they started. […] Wide excision (surgery to remove the melanoma and a margin of normal skin around it) is the standard treatment for these cancers. The width of the margin depends on the thickness and location of the melanoma. […] Because the melanoma may have spread to nearby lymph nodes, many doctors recommend a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as well. This is an option that you and your doctor should discuss.

• #28 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If a SLNB is done and does not find cancer cells in the lymph nodes, then sometimes no further treatment is needed, but close follow-up is still important. […] For certain stage II melanomas, the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (Keytruda) might be given after surgery to help reduce the risk of the cancer returning. Radiation therapy to the area might be another option, especially if the melanoma has features that make it more likely to come back. […] If the SLNB finds that the sentinel node contains cancer cells (which changes the cancer stage to stage III see below), then a lymph node dissection (where all the lymph nodes in that area are surgically removed) might be recommended. Another option might be to watch the lymph nodes closely with an imaging test such as ultrasound of the nodes every few months.

• #29 Treatment of Melanoma by Stage | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/treating/by-stage.html

  If melanoma tumors are found in nearby lymph vessels in or just under the skin (known as in-transit tumors), they are removed, if possible. Other options might include injections of the T-VEC vaccine (Imlygic), interleukin-2 (IL-2), or Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine directly into the melanoma; radiation therapy; or applying imiquimod cream. […] Some stage III melanomas might be hard to cure with current treatments, so taking part in a clinical trial of newer treatments might be a good option. […] Stage IV melanomas have already spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body, such as distant lymph nodes, areas of skin, or other organs. […] Skin tumors or enlarged lymph nodes causing symptoms can often be removed by surgery or treated with radiation therapy. […] If there are only a few metastases, surgery to remove them might sometimes be an option, depending on where they are and how likely they are to cause symptoms.

• #30 Nurses’ role in skin cancer prevention

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/nurses-role-in-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Nurses must have the skills to recognize these lesions and refer patients for further evaluation, and they must have confidence in their ability to perform skin assessments and provide patient education. […] Nurses can make a difference in the skin cancer epidemic by teaching the public about skin cancer prevention and performing skin assessments. […] The gaps revealed in this study require further examination, but they point to the need for more consistent teaching of skin cancer in nursing schools as well as periodic professional development opportunities in the workplace. […] Only a few participants reported feeling comfortable teaching about and examining patients for skin cancer. […] With a better understanding of this condition, these nurses can better serve their communities.

• #31 Nurses’ role in skin cancer prevention

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/nurses-role-in-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Nurses role in skin cancer prevention […] The purpose of this study was to explore nurses understanding of skin cancer, sun protective behaviors, and their ability and comfort level in teaching and screening patients. […] The study revealed large gaps in basic knowledge of skin cancer. […] A small percentage of nurses were knowledgeable and felt comfortable in teaching and examining patients for skin cancer. […] Nurses have the opportunity to make a significant contribution to skin cancer education and screening. […] They can teach patients at the bedside while conducting a skin exam, including the signs and symptoms of skin cancer. […] Siegel developed skin cancer education guidelines based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sun-protective guidelines.

• #32 Nurses’ role in skin cancer prevention

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/nurses-role-in-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Nurses should teach patients that unprotected skin exposure to ultraviolet light accounts for 95% of skin cancers. […] Nurses can have a positive health impact on the community if we educate them about sun-protective behaviors outlined in the CDC guidelines, including the use of sunscreen, clothing, wide-brim hats, and sunglasses as well as the avoidance of peak sun hours and the carcinogenic effects of tanning beds. […] Nurse educators working in universities, hospitals, and the community can educate students and practicing nurses about sun-protective guidelines to prevent skin cancer, the prevalence of skin cancer, and how to recognize skin cancers for appropriate referrals. […] These continuing education programs would improve competence so nurses feel confident and comfortable teaching patients about these topics.

• #33 Melanoma mitigation – the key to higher survival rates

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/mitigating-melanoma/

  The education you provide about sun protection and skin self-exams can help reduce a patient’s risk of skin cancer and increases the chances of early detection. […] Advise patients to perform monthly skin self-exams, especially if they’re at risk for skin cancer. […] An estimated 5% to 10% of patients who’ve been diagnosed with melanoma will develop a second invasive melanoma in their lifetime. […] For that reason, nursing care focuses on education, regular follow-up appointments, and collaboration with a dermatology specialist. […] Education that targets primary and secondary prevention measures can improve early detection of melanoma. […] Nurses, patients, and communities must support initiatives to inform the public about melanoma and other skin cancers to increase awareness and positively influence changes in sun protective behaviors.

• #34 Collaborative Care in Melanoma: The Essential Role of the Nurse | Oncology Nursing Society

  https://www.ons.org/cjon/21/4/supplement/collaborative-care-melanoma-essential-role-nurse

  This article provides perspective from medical oncologists on the importance of this supplement from the Melanoma Nursing Initiative. […] The MNI is uniquely designed to provide community-based oncology nurses and allied healthcare teams with the necessary tools to promote adherence; reduce the burden of AEs; and support patients, families, and caregivers through the melanoma treatment journey. […] The MNIs goal is for the resources provided to be shared among oncology care groups and collaborating allied healthcare providers to spark opportunities for propagating further regionally based, peer-to-peer education.

• #35 Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers | Norton Healthcare

  https://nortonhealthcare.com/services-and-conditions/cancer-care/services/skin-cancers/

  We have a dedicated skin cancer patient navigator to guide you through the treatment process. The navigator is a registered nurse and advocate for patients and families who can help coordinate scheduling to minimize visits. The navigator provides information and support through diagnosis, treatment and beyond. […] The Norton Cancer Institute Behavioral Oncology Program is designed to provide supportive emotional and psychological care for patients diagnosed with skin cancer and their families.

• #36 National Melanoma Nurses Program – Melanoma Institute Australia

  https://melanoma.org.au/for-clinicians/national-melanoma-nurses-program/

  The National Melanoma Nurses Program is an initiative aimed at improving care and outcome for melanoma patients in Australia through expert nursing care as part of the multidisciplinary team. Nurses will be recruited in hospitals across Australia and receive training to provide specialised nursing care, education and support to patients with high-risk or advanced melanoma. […] The program is focused on developing nursing skill and capability to provide expert nursing care to patients with complex clinical care needs. Patients will be able to receive personalised nursing care, education on melanoma and treatment options and support throughout the pre- and post-surgical period, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy, and advanced melanoma therapy. […] The Specialist Melanoma nurse is expected to work within the local melanoma model of care. […] The Program recognises that the nursing workforce is limited to 30 nurses, and for melanoma patients receiving specialist surgical and medical care. […] The program is designed for registered nurses with an interest in melanoma care, who wish to pursue a career in nursing at an advanced level.

• #37 Nursing Care Plan for Pain Related to Malignant Melanoma | Diagnosis and Interventions for Skin Cancer

  https://www.registerednursern.com/nursing-care-plan-for-pain-related-to-malignant-melanoma-diagnosis-and-interventions-for-skin-cancer/

  This nursing care plan diagnosis, and interventions for the following conditions: Pain Related to Malignant Melanoma Skin Cancer […] This care plan is listed to give an example of how a Nurse (LPN or RN) may plan to treat a patient with those conditions. […] Nursing Diagnosis: Pain related to surgery as evidence by patient verbalizing pain rating 10 on 1-10 scale, elevated HR and BP. […] The patient says it feels like his left side is on fire when he does any type of movement. […] Nursing Outcomes: -Pt will rate his pain less than 3 on 1-10 scale within 2 hours. -Pt will verbalize 3 non-pharmacological techniques to use to help relieve pain. […] -The nurse will assess the patients pain level every 4 hours. -The nurse will administered Lortab 5-325mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain. […] -The nurse will teach the patient 3 non-pharmacological techniques to use to help relieve pain. […] -The nurse will teach and provide pt with printed materials on drug side effects of Lortab and what type of activities he should avoid doing while taking the medication.

• #38 Skilled Nursing Care – What You Need to Know About Melanoma | Adara Home Health

  https://adarahomehealth.com/skilled-nursing-care-what-you-need-to-know-about-melanoma/

  Melanoma is not the most common type of skin cancer, but its one of the most dangerous if its not caught early. This is due to the ease at which it can spread to other areas of the body. […] Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer that starts in a very specific skin layer. […] If skin cancer forms in these cells, its known as melanoma. […] Because there is a belief that the immune system can kill off melanoma cancer, immunotherapy is one option for treating this cancer. Immunotherapy is administered through an IV infusion. A skilled nurse can do that in a home setting if approved by the oncologist. […] Surgical removal is another option after melanoma is diagnosed. Skilled nursing care is a good way to ensure incisions are cleaned properly, dressed with clean, sterile bandages, and inspected for signs of infection. […] No matter what the treatment option is, talk to your dads oncologist about the benefits of having skilled nursing care arranged for his cancer treatment days. The emotional support and access to the skilled nurses medical expertise will make a big difference in his recovery.

• #39 Surviving Melanoma Skin Cancer | Melanoma Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  For some people, the melanoma may never go away completely. […] These people may get regular treatments such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or chemotherapy to help keep the cancer under control for as long as possible and to help with any symptoms they’re having. Learning to live with cancer that does not go away can be difficult and very stressful. It has its own type of uncertainty. […] Even if you’ve completed treatment, your doctors will still want to watch you closely. Along with the risk of the melanoma coming back, people who have had melanoma have a high risk of developing another one, so it’s very important to keep all follow-up appointments. […] During these visits, your doctors will ask about any problems you’re having and may do exams and lab tests or imaging tests to look for signs of cancer or treatment side effects.

• #40 Surviving Melanoma Skin Cancer | Melanoma Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  It’s also important for people who’ve had melanoma to do regular self-exams of their skin and lymph nodes. Most doctors recommend this at least monthly. You should see your doctor if you find any new lump or change in your skin. […] People with melanoma that doesn’t go away completely with treatment will have a follow-up schedule that is based on their specific situation. […] Talk with your doctor about developing a survivorship care plan for you. […] This plan might include a suggested schedule for follow-up exams and tests, a list of signs or symptoms you might have if the melanoma comes back, including when you should contact your doctor, and suggestions for things you can do that might improve your health, including possibly lowering your chances of the melanoma coming back or getting a new melanoma.

• #41 Learn How to Prevent Melanoma, Skin Cancer Prevention – MRA

  https://www.curemelanoma.org/about-melanoma/prevention

  Many people still get too much exposure to the sun even though nine out of every ten skin cancers, including melanoma, are caused by overexposure to ultraviolet radiation. […] Melanoma survivors are at a 9-fold increased risk of developing another melanoma. That’s why sun safety habits, regular follow-up care, and full-body skin exams with a dermatologist are so important. […] In addition to practicing these sun safe habits, learn how to detect melanoma at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable.

• #42 Surviving Melanoma Skin Cancer | Melanoma Survivor | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/melanoma-skin-cancer/after-treatment/follow-up.html

  The most common second cancer in survivors of skin melanoma is another skin cancer. […] To help maintain good health, melanoma survivors should also get to and stay at a healthy weight, keep physically active and limit the time you spend sitting or lying down, and follow a healthy eating pattern that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. […] Some amount of feeling depressed, anxious, or worried is normal when melanoma is a part of your life.

• #43

• #44

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13187-019-01573-8

  Nurses in hospital dermatology departments must increasingly provide care for patients with skin cancer. […] We aimed to explore how nurses experience their care for patients with skin cancer. […] Nurses experiences of providing care in dermatologic oncology are organized around two themes: (1) their practices for these patients and (2) their management of emotional distress as the major issue in care, especially at night. […] Our results show the predominant place of relationships with patients in nurses practices and of their emotional distress due to their closeness to the patients. […] Specific and original aspects have also been demonstrated with practical implications to be drawn for nurses supportive care role: the distress engendered by the specific and harrowing experience of nurses dealing with skin cancer, which can be both seen and smelled.

• #45

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/melanoma-skin-cancer/treatment/

  Targeted medicines aim to stop the cancer growing. […] Immunotherapy medicines help your immune system find and kill the cancer cells. […] Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. […] If you’ve been diagnosed with advanced melanoma, it might be very hard to treat. It may not be possible to cure the cancer. […] In this situation, the aim of your treatment will be to limit the cancer and its symptoms, and help you live longer. […] They’ll work with you to help manage your symptoms and make you feel more comfortable.

• #46 Melanoma | Guide to best cancer care, diagnosis and treatment | Cancer Council

  https://www.cancer.org.au/cancercareguides/melanoma

  Your specialist may refer you to palliative care services, but this doesn’t always mean end-of-life care. Today, people can be referred to these services much earlier if they’re living with cancer or if their cancer returns. Palliative care can help you to live as well as you can, including managing pain and symptoms. This care may be at home, in a hospital or at another location you choose.

• #47 National Melanoma Nurses Program – Melanoma Institute Australia

  https://melanoma.org.au/for-clinicians/national-melanoma-nurses-program/

  The Federal Government committed to provide $12.2 million to support 30 Full Time Equivalent (FTE) melanoma nurses by 2025-26 as part of the Melanoma Nurses Program. […] The National Melanoma Nurses Program aims to support the recruitment and training of 30FTE Specialist Melanoma Nurses across Australia. […] Specialist Melanoma Nurses are advanced practice clinicians and work as an embedded part of multidisciplinary care teams. Specialist Melanoma Nurses will operate within Australian health care settings providing care to patients undergoing treatment for high-risk melanoma. […] The Specialist Melanoma Nurse is an advanced practice nurse with specialist knowledge and skills in melanoma care related to disease processes, surgical treatment, and or medical management. It is the responsibility of the nurse to utilise these skills to minimise the impact of disease and treatment complications and assist in the provision of patient-centred care consistent with the melanoma treatment guidelines to optimise patient outcomes.

• #48 Melanoma & Skin Cancer Nurses Organisation – MSCNO

  https://mscan.org.au/mscno/

  The Melanoma Skin Cancer Nurses Organisation (MSCNO) is an independent, national, nurse-led group that has been established to share and exchange expert knowledge with other nurses. […] The MSCNO is focused on supporting health care delivery to ensure optimal patient care and outcomes for Australians diagnosed with melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. […] Evidence from around the world shows that nurses are at the frontline of patient care. They are uniquely placed to provide support for patients at a crucial time in their lives. […] Under a nurse-to-nurse model, melanoma and skin cancer nurses can support each other to build expertise in skin cancer care and support. […] A nurse-to-nurse model presents an enormous opportunity to improve patient experience and nurture the critical nursing workforce in Australia. […] The MSCNO is focused on delivering information, resources and education by nurses to nurses.

• #49 Nurses’ role in skin cancer prevention

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/nurses-role-in-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Nurses must have the skills to recognize these lesions and refer patients for further evaluation, and they must have confidence in their ability to perform skin assessments and provide patient education. […] Nurses can make a difference in the skin cancer epidemic by teaching the public about skin cancer prevention and performing skin assessments. […] The gaps revealed in this study require further examination, but they point to the need for more consistent teaching of skin cancer in nursing schools as well as periodic professional development opportunities in the workplace. […] Nurses must have the skills to recognize these lesions and refer patients for further evaluation, and they must have confidence in their ability to perform skin assessments and provide patient education. […] After all, anyone with skin can get skin cancer.

• #50 Nurses’ role in skin cancer prevention

  https://www.myamericannurse.com/nurses-role-in-skin-cancer-prevention/

  Nurses educate patients on numerous health behaviors, including proper diet, the importance of exercise, adherence to cancer screenings, the dangers of smoking and drinking alcohol, bike safety, car seat safety, and safety in the home. […] Patients in the community would benefit from nurse-provided education about skin cancer and sun-protective behaviors. […] Nurses perform skin assessments of all patients who enter the hospital, making it an ideal time to teach about sun-protective behaviors and assess for skin cancer. […] Nurses should be educated about skin cancer prevention and the importance of early detection. […] The study revealed a gap in knowledge in the sample of nurses surveyed. […] Skin cancer, its prevention, and how to recognize different lesions should be included in all nursing school curricula as part of basic assessment skills and then reinforced in practice through continuing education.

• #51 Skin Cancer & ABCDE of Melanoma [+ Cheat Sheet] | Lecturio

  https://www.lecturio.com/nursing/free-cheat-sheet/skin-cancer-abcde-of-melanoma/

  With rising incidence rates, nurses play a pivotal role in both preventive education and skin cancer care management. […] Key nursing interventions for skin cancer include educating patients about sun protection, ABCDE assessment of lesions, and encouraging check-ups. […] Care coordination involving dermatology, oncology, and plastic surgery is essential in managing skin cancer. […] Client education about skin cancer prevention emphasizes the use of sunscreen with SPF 30, wearing long-sleeve clothing, and avoiding tanning beds.

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