Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can cause many symptoms, and these can vary depending on the severity. The symptoms of acute mountain sickness usually appear within the first day or so of reaching a high altitude. More severe forms like HAPE or HACE take longer to appear, usually between two and five days. […] The symptoms of AMS include: Headache (this is the most common symptom). Nausea and vomiting. Loss of appetite. Fatigue, even when resting. Malaise (a noticeable unwell feeling). Trouble sleeping. Dizziness or lightheadedness. Vision changes (while rare, these usually indicate more severe altitude sickness, and are due to blood vessel ruptures in your retinas). […] Altitude sickness can become deadly if AMS turns into HAPE or HACE. HAPE can be deadly within 12 hours. HACE can be deadly within 24 hours. That’s why recognizing altitude sickness of any kind is critical to preventing severe complications.

• #2 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). HAI is caused by lower oxygen levels in the air and thus the blood. Travel to high altitude may also exacerbate certain pre-existing medical conditions. While 8000 feet (2500 meters) is considered the usual threshold altitude for HAI, some persons are more sensitive to lower oxygen levels and may become ill at 5000 to 7000 feet (1500 to 2100 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common of the altitude illnesses; it occurs in approximately 40 to 50 percent of people who live at a low altitude and travel to sleep at an altitude above 10,000 feet (3000 m), and in approximately 25 percent of those sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m). Some people can develop AMS as low as 6500 feet (2000 m).

• #3 Altitude sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness is caused by ascending too rapidly, which doesn’t allow the body enough time to adjust to reduced oxygen and changes in air pressure. Symptoms include headache, vomiting, insomnia and reduced performance and coordination. […] The initial symptoms of altitude sickness can include: Headache, Lethargy, A drop in performance, Lack of coordination, Insomnia, Appetite loss, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting. […] Symptoms of severe altitude sickness include: Breathlessness, Heart palpitations, Blue-tinged skin and nails due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis), Frequent coughing because of fluid in the lungs, Sputum may be frothy or tinged pink with blood from the damaged lung tissue, Irrational behaviour, such as refusing to acknowledge symptoms, Inability to sit up or walk in a straight line. […] In severe cases, fluid can build up within the lungs, brain or both, which can be fatal.

• #4 Quick Facts:Altitude Sickness – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-sickness/altitude-sickness

  Symptoms depend on what type of altitude sickness you have. […] With acute mountain sickness, within 6 to 10 hours of traveling to over 8,000 feet you may have: Headache, Light-headedness, Loss of appetite, upset stomach, or throwing up, Feeling tired, weak, or cranky, Trouble sleeping. […] High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) causes brain swelling that can cause: Headache, Confusion, Walking that is unsteady and clumsy. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) may happen 24 to 96 hours after you travel quickly to a high altitude. Symptoms are worse at night when you lie down and may become more severe very quickly. HAPE causes lung problems such as: Dry cough and shortness of breath after mild activity, Shortness of breath while resting, A bluish color in your skin, lips, and nails, Sometimes gasping for breath, coughing up pink or bloody mucus, and making gurgling sounds while breathing.

• #4 Quick Facts:Altitude Sickness – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-sickness/altitude-sickness

  Even if you don’t have one of these types of altitude sickness, you may have symptoms from being at a high altitude such as: Swelling of your hands, feet, and face this is common and usually goes away in a few days, Headache, without other symptoms of acute mountain sickness, Small areas of bleeding in the back of the eye (retinal hemorrhages), after traveling above 9,000 feet. […] Retinal hemorrhages may sometimes cause a small blind spot in your vision, but the blind spot usually goes away after you travel to a lower altitude.

• #5 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Symptoms typically occur within 6 to 12 hours after arriving at altitudes above 8000 feet (2400 m). They can begin as soon as one hour or as long as 24 hours after arrival. AMS does not develop after acclimatizing to a specific altitude for three or more days. […] AMS symptoms — The symptoms of AMS are similar to a hangover, and include: Headache, Feeling tired, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Lack of appetite, Difficulty staying asleep (waking frequently), Nausea, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms can range from mild to severe. AMS symptoms are often the worst after the first night but typically improve within one day if you do not ascend to a higher altitude. However, symptoms may return as you travel higher. In some cases, symptoms can persist for days, even if you do not climb higher.

• #6 Altitude sickness

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/altitude-sickness/

  Symptoms of altitude sickness usually start 6 to 10 hours after being at a high altitude. […] The main symptoms include: a headache, loss of appetite, feeling or being sick, feeling tired or exhausted, dizziness, difficulty sleeping. […] Sometimes, the symptoms can develop into more serious symptoms that can be life-threatening. […] Symptoms of altitude sickness usually get better in 1 to 3 days. […] If your symptoms get worse or do not improve after 1 day, go to a lower altitude if you can. […] You are at a high altitude and you or someone else: have symptoms of altitude sickness and feel very unwell, are confused, have problems with balance or coordination, are seeing or hearing things that are not real (hallucinations), feel short of breath, even when resting, have a cough or are coughing up frothy or bloody spit, have blue or grey skin, lips, tongue or nails (on brown or black skin this may be easier to see on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet), are very sleepy or difficult to wake.

• #7 Acute Mountain Sickness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430716/

  At higher altitudes, the decreased partial pressure of oxygen can cause several pathological presentations, including high altitude pulmonary edema, high altitude cerebral edema, and the more mild, but much more common acute mountain sickness (also referred to as altitude illness or altitude sickness). […] In contrast, Acute Mountain Sickness symptoms can be prevented or managed with oral medication, and Acute Mountain Sickness does not typically require descent or oxygen supplementation. […] The hallmark of Acute Mountain Sickness is a headache, with other symptoms including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue/malaise (particularly at rest), sleep disturbance, and dizziness/lightheadedness. Acute Mountain Sickness symptoms can begin after only a few hours and typically present the first day at a given altitude, resolving after one to three days, even without treatment, as the body adjusts physiologically (acclimates) to the lower oxygen levels.

• #8 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics

  Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). […] Symptoms usually occur within 6 to 12 hours of arrival at altitudes above 8000 feet (2400 m). Symptoms can begin as soon as one hour or as long as 24 hours after arriving. AMS does not occur after adjusting to a given altitude for three or more days. […] The symptoms of AMS are similar to a hangover, and include: Headache, Feeling tired, Lightheadedness or dizziness, Lack of appetite, Difficulty staying asleep (waking frequently), Nausea, sometimes with vomiting. […] HACE usually occurs within one to three days after traveling above 9800 feet (3000 m). Symptoms may include: Severe exhaustion or weakness, Drowsiness, confusion, or irritability, Difficulty walking straight, Acting drunk. […] Symptoms of HAPE include cough (often with pink, frothy sputum), breathlessness with activity and at rest, and difficulty walking uphill. These symptoms usually begin two to four days after arriving at altitude. You may or may not also have symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS).

• #9 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening. They can affect the nervous system, lungs, muscles, and heart. […] In most cases, symptoms are mild. Symptoms of mild to moderate acute mountain sickness may include: Difficulty sleeping, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Fatigue, Headache, Loss of appetite, Nausea or vomiting, Rapid pulse (heart rate), Shortness of breath with exertion. […] Symptoms that may occur with more severe acute mountain sickness include the following and may progress to high altitude pulmonary edema or high altitude cerebral edema: Blue color to the skin (cyanosis), Chest tightness or congestion, Confusion, Cough, Coughing up blood, Decreased consciousness or withdrawal from social interaction, Gray or pale complexion, Inability to walk in a straight line, or walk at all, Shortness of breath at rest. […] Most cases are mild. Symptoms improve quickly when you climb down the mountain to a lower altitude. […] Severe cases may result in death due to lung problems (pulmonary edema) or brain swelling (cerebral edema).

• #10 Altitude Sickness – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/ug3357

  Altitude sickness occurs when you cannot get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes. This causes symptoms such as a headache, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. […] The symptoms of altitude sickness include: A headache, which is usually throbbing. It gets worse during the night and when you wake up. […] Your symptoms may be mild to severe. They may not start until a day after you have been at a high altitude. Many people say altitude sickness feels like having a hangover. […] Altitude sickness can affect your lungs and brain. When this happens, symptoms include being confused, not being able to walk straight (ataxia), feeling faint, not being able to catch your breath even at rest, and having blue or gray lips or fingernails. These symptoms mean the condition is severe. It may be deadly.

• #10 Altitude Sickness – Health Information Library | PeaceHealth

  https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-topics/id/ug3357

  If you are feeling ill within a few days of being at a high altitude, your doctor may think you have this condition. […] People often mistake altitude sickness for the flu, a hangover, or dehydration. […] The best treatment for altitude sickness is to go to a lower altitude. But if you have mild symptoms, you may be able to stay at that altitude and let your body get used to it. […] Go to a lower altitude if your symptoms are moderate to severe, they get worse, or medicine or oxygen treatment does not help. Go down at least 1,500 ft (450 m). […] You may be able to prevent altitude sickness by taking your time when you go to high altitudes and using medicine in advance.

• #11 Health Library | The University of Vermont Health Network

  https://www.uvmhealth.org/medcenter/wellness-resources/health-library/ug3357

  Altitude sickness occurs when you cannot get enough oxygen from the air at high altitudes. This causes symptoms such as a headache, loss of appetite, and trouble sleeping. […] The symptoms of altitude sickness include: A headache, which is usually throbbing. It gets worse during the night and when you wake up. […] Your symptoms may be mild to severe. They may not start until a day after you have been at a high altitude. Many people say altitude sickness feels like having a hangover. […] Altitude sickness can affect your lungs and brain. When this happens, symptoms include being confused, not being able to walk straight (ataxia), feeling faint, not being able to catch your breath even at rest, and having blue or gray lips or fingernails. These symptoms mean the condition is severe. It may be deadly.

• #11 Health Library | The University of Vermont Health Network

  https://www.uvmhealth.org/medcenter/wellness-resources/health-library/ug3357

  Go to a lower altitude if your symptoms are moderate to severe, they get worse, or medicine or oxygen treatment does not help. Go down at least 1500 ft (450 m). Go to a lower altitude as fast as you can or get emergency help if someone with you has severe symptoms such as being confused or not being able to walk straight.

• #12 Altitude Sickness | Risk, Prevention and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/health-advice-for-travel-abroad/altitude-sickness

  For most people, AMS gives mild symptoms. Sometimes these are described as being rather like the symptoms of a hangover. Common symptoms can include headache, loss of appetite, tiredness and feeling sick (nausea). Other possible symptoms are being sick (vomiting), feeling light-headed or dizzy and having difficulty sleeping. […] These symptoms tend to come on 6 to 12 hours after arrival at a particular altitude. […] Symptoms usually get better after 1 to 3 days, provided that there is no further ascent to a higher altitude. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Mild symptoms can be quite vague. If at altitude and feeling unwell, it is best to assume that the cause is AMS unless there is another obvious cause. […] A total score of 3 to 5 = mild AMS and 6 or more = severe AMS. Remember that any symptoms at altitude are altitude illness until proven otherwise.

• #12 Altitude Sickness | Risk, Prevention and Treatment

  https://patient.info/travel-and-vaccinations/health-advice-for-travel-abroad/altitude-sickness

  If symptoms are severe, do not improve after 24 hours, or are getting worse, it is essential to descend to a lower altitude. Urgent descent is also needed if any of the symptoms or signs of HACE or HAPE (see below) develop. […] HACE usually develops in someone who already has AMS. The swelling of the brain that has led to AMS gets worse and starts to interfere with the function of the brain. HACE is effectively a severe form of AMS. […] Symptoms of HACE include: Headache, which may be very severe. […] HAPE tends to get better quickly on descent. Outlook (prognosis) is that there is usually complete recovery.

• #13 Altitude Sickness: Symptoms, Treatment & Medication, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/altitude-sickness?page=1564

  Sometimes called mountain sickness, altitude sickness is a group of symptoms that can strike if you walk or climb to a higher elevation, or altitude, too quickly. […] You might have: Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue and loss of energy, Shortness of breath, Problems with sleep, Loss of appetite. […] Symptoms usually come on within 12 to 24 hours of reaching a higher elevation and then get better within a day or two as your body adjusts to the change in altitude. […] If you have a more moderate case of altitude sickness, your symptoms might feel more intense and not improve with over-the-counter medications. Instead of feeling better as time goes on, you’ll start to feel worse. You’ll have more shortness of breath and fatigue. You may also have: Loss of coordination and trouble walking, A severe headache that doesn’t get better with medication, A tightening in your chest. […] If you develop a severe form of altitude sickness like HAPE or HACE, you might have: Confusion, Shortness of breath even at rest, Inability to walk, A cough that produces a white or pink frothy substance, Coma.

• #14 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  For most people, altitude sickness doesn’t get beyond acute mountain sickness, the mildest form. A headache is the most common and often the earliest symptom of acute mountain sickness. If you notice you have a headache or other mild symptoms and stop ascending, your symptoms should remain the same. After a day or two, they should stop. […] Milder forms of altitude sickness usually only last a few days. The symptoms should disappear once your body gets used to the higher altitude. […] When altitude sickness is more severe, however, it can get worse quickly. The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, can be deadly within 24 hours. Because of that, keeping altitude sickness from worsening is critical. Recognizing the symptoms of HAPE and HACE, such as trouble breathing (even while resting) or clumsiness (ataxia), is crucial.

• #15 Acute Mountain Sickness – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430716/

  For a traveler going to an at-risk altitude, the most significant modifiable risk factor is the rate of ascent. More gradual ascent allows the body’s physiological processes to adjust to the reduced partial pressure of oxygen at the new altitude. […] If Acute Mountain Sickness does occur, further ascent is not advisable until acclimated. […] For most patients the outcome after suffering from acute mountain sickness is good; however, complete recovery may take time. Many climbers will develop symptoms of acute mountain sickness on an ascent. However, sometimes the symptoms may be delayed for 24-48 hours. One can reduce the intensity of symptoms by descending slightly and then resuming climbing. Complete resolution of symptoms can take 2-5 days, but if one continues to climb in the presence of symptoms, one can develop confusion, disorientation and lapse into a coma.

• #16 Altitude sickness

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/altitude-sickness/

  Altitude sickness usually gets better without treatment if you rest. […] You may be given medicine to help ease symptoms. […] If your symptoms are more serious, you may be given: steroid medicine, medicine to lower your blood pressure, oxygen through a mask. […] Rarely, you may need to be treated with oxygen in a special air-tight chamber (hyperbaric chamber) to increase the level of oxygen in your blood.

• #17 Altitude sickness – symptoms, treatments and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can happen if you travel to a high elevation such as up a mountain. […] The main symptoms are a headache, cough, racing heart or trouble breathing. […] If you have altitude sickness, you may feel dizzy and weak. You might also have a headache. Some people feel nauseous. It can feel like a hangover. […] Altitude sickness can be worse at night. It can last for days, even if you stay at the same altitude. […] If you have signs of altitude sickness affecting your lungs or brain, this is a medical emergency. You need help to come down the mountain as soon as possible. Breathing oxygen from a tank can help you. […] Altitude sickness can happen very quickly. It can be fatal if its not treated. […] When on a mountain, watch for signs of a headache, cough, racing heart or trouble breathing. If this happens at high altitude, you need medical help immediately.

• #18 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare, life-threatening severe form of acute mountain sickness (AMS). It occurs due to leaky capillaries in the brain, leading to fluid accumulation and swelling. […] HACE symptoms — HACE usually occurs within one to three days after traveling above 9800 feet (3000 m). Symptoms may include: Severe exhaustion or weakness, Drowsiness, confusion, or irritability, Difficulty walking straight, Acting drunk. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition in which lung capillaries leak and fluid accumulates in the lungs. HAPE is uncommon but can occur in people who rapidly ascend to altitudes above 8200 feet (2500 m). […] HAPE symptoms — Symptoms of HAPE include cough (often with pink, frothy sputum), breathlessness with activity and at rest, and difficulty walking uphill. These symptoms usually begin two to four days after arriving at altitude. You may or may not experience acute mountain sickness (AMS). Symptoms can worsen, and you may feel more short of breath, even while resting. You may also begin to cough up pink, frothy sputum (spit).

• #19 Altitude Sickness | APEX | Altitude.org

  https://www.altitude.org/altitude-sickness

  HACE is thought to be a severe form of acute mountain sickness. A severe headache, vomiting and lethargy will progress to unsteadiness, confusion, drowsiness and ultimately coma. HACE can kill in only a few hours. A person with HACE will find it difficult to walk heel-to-toe in a straight line this is a useful test to perform in someone with severe symptoms of acute mountain sickness. […] The cause of HACE remains unknown. Several factors may play a role including increased blood flow to the brain. An increase in blood flow is a normal response to low oxygen levels as the body needs to maintain a constant supply of oxygen to the brain. However, if the blood vessels in the brain are damaged, fluid may leak out and result in HACE.

• #20 HACE (High-Altitude Cerebral Edema): Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/high-altitude-cerebral-edema-hace

  Common symptoms of HACE include difficulty with coordination, feeling weak, tired and confused. […] Early symptoms of HACE include: Headache. Fatigue. Dizziness. Vertigo. Nausea and vomiting. Drowsiness. Confusion. […] If you experience any of the following severe symptoms of HACE at high altitudes, seek immediate medical attention: Severe headache. Loss of coordination (ataxia). Weakness. Slurred speech. Disorientation, memory loss, hallucinations (altered mental status). Loss of consciousness. Seizures. […] Its common for the person who experiences HACE to not realize theyre ill. […] HACE is a medical emergency that requires a quick diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. […] Symptoms of HACE can get worse within hours, which is why its important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of HACE before you start your ascent.

• #21 Altitude Illness: Risk Factors, Prevention, Presentation, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1101/p1103.html

  Symptoms of acute mountain sickness typically occur within six to 12 hours of gaining altitude, and range from mild with spontaneous resolution (especially at altitudes less than 11,400 ft [3,500 m]) to severe with progression to high-altitude cerebral edema. High-altitude cerebral edema is considered end-stage acute mountain sickness and is defined by ataxia (as assessed by heel-to-toe walking) or altered mental status, usually in a person with acute mountain sickness. […] High-altitude cerebral edema can progress in a matter of hours from mild ataxia to coma and death.

• #21 Altitude Illness: Risk Factors, Prevention, Presentation, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1101/p1103.html

  Altitude illness affects 25 to 85 percent of travelers to high altitudes, depending on their rate of ascent, home altitude, individual susceptibility, and other risk factors. Acute mountain sickness is the most common presentation of altitude illness and typically causes headache and malaise within six to 12 hours of gaining altitude. […] It may progress to high-altitude cerebral edema in some persons. Onset is heralded by worsening symptoms of acute mountain sickness, progressing to ataxia and eventually to coma and death if not treated. High-altitude pulmonary edema is uncommon, but is the leading cause of altitude illness-related death. It may appear in otherwise healthy persons and may progress rapidly with cough, dyspnea, and frothy sputum. […] Symptoms of acute mountain sickness and early high-altitude cerebral edema include headache and at least one of the following: anorexia, nausea or vomiting, dizziness or lightheadedness, difficulty sleeping, and fatigue or weakness. These symptoms can easily be misinterpreted as a viral illness.

• #22 Altitude Illness – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-illness/altitude-illness

  HACE is a rare but potentially fatal condition in which the brain swells with fluid. People with HACE have headache, confusion, and walking that is unsteady and uncoordinated (ataxia). If the disorder is not recognized and treated at an early stage, affected people may lapse into a coma. These symptoms may progress rapidly from mild to life-threatening within a few hours. […] HAPE is a fluid build-up in the lungs that usually develops 24 to 96 hours after a rapid ascent to over 8,000 feet (2,400 meters). It can occur in people even if they do not have symptoms of AMS. HAPE is responsible for most deaths due to altitude illness. […] Symptoms are worse at night when people lie down and can quickly become more severe if HAPE is not recognized and treated promptly. Mild symptoms usually include a dry cough and shortness of breath after only mild exertion. Moderate symptoms include shortness of breath at rest and a bluish tinge to the skin, lips, and nails (cyanosis). Severe symptoms include gasping for breath, pink or bloody sputum, severe cyanosis, and making gurgling sounds while breathing. HAPE may worsen quickly and result in respiratory failure, coma, and death within a few hours.

• #22 Altitude Illness – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Version

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/altitude-illness/altitude-illness

  Swelling of the hands, the feet, and, on awakening, the face is common. The swelling causes little discomfort and usually goes away in a few days or with descent. […] Headache, without any other symptoms of acute mountain sickness, is also common. […] Retinal hemorrhages (small areas of bleeding in the retina at the back of the eye) can develop after ascent to altitudes above 9,000 feet (2,700 meters). These hemorrhages are common above 16,000 feet (4,800 meters). People usually have no symptoms unless the hemorrhage occurs in the part of the eye that is responsible for central vision (the macula). In such cases, people may notice a small blind spot without eye pain. Retinal hemorrhages resolve over a period of weeks without causing long-term problems. People who develop blind spots in their vision while climbing or trekking at high altitude should descend to lower elevation and seek further evaluation. Re-ascent to high altitude can be undertaken once the hemorrhage has resolved.

• #23 Altitude Sickness: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Death, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/mountain_sickness/article_em.htm

  The prognosis for acute altitude sickness is excellent as long as common sense is used. Descending, delaying further ascent, resting, and paying attention to the body’s symptoms are usually all that is necessary to ensure a complete recovery. High-altitude pulmonary edema has a good outcome if symptoms are recognized and treated early. If descent is impossible or if hyperbaric therapy, supplemental oxygen, and access to medical care are not available, high-altitude pulmonary edema can progress to respiratory failure and ultimately to death. High-altitude pulmonary edema is the number one cause of death from high-altitude illness. More than half of people with high-altitude cerebral edema who develop a coma die. Of those who survive, mental impairment and coordination defects may continue to affect them. High-altitude cerebral edema can be fatal if not recognized and treated quickly.

• #24 OA Guide to High Altitude: Acclimatization and Illnesses

  http://www.princeton.edu/~rcurtis/altitude.html

  High altitude-we all enjoy that tremendous view from a high summit, but there are risks in going to high altitude, and it’s important to understand these risks. Here is a classic scenario for developing a high altitude illness. You fly from New York City to a Denver at 5,000 feet (1,525 meters). That afternoon you rent a car and drive up to the trailhead at 8,000 feet (2,438 meters). You hike up to your first camp at 9,000 feet (2,745 meters). The next day you hike up to 10,500 feet (3,048 meters). You begin to have a severe headache and feel nauseous and weak. If your condition worsens, you may begin to have difficulty hiking. Scenarios like this are not uncommon, so it’s essential that you understand the physiological effects of high altitude. […] The major cause of altitude illnesses is going too high too fast. Given time, your body can adapt to the decrease in oxygen molecules at a specific altitude. This process is known as acclimatization and generally takes 1-3 days at that altitude. For example, if you hike to 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), and spend several days at that altitude, your body acclimatizes to 10,000 feet (3,048 meters). If you climb to 12,000 feet (3,658 meters), your body has to acclimatize once again. A number of changes take place in the body to allow it to operate with decreased oxygen.

• #24 OA Guide to High Altitude: Acclimatization and Illnesses

  http://www.princeton.edu/~rcurtis/altitude.html

  AMS is common at high altitudes. At elevations over 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), 75% of people will have mild symptoms. The occurrence of AMS is dependent upon the elevation, the rate of ascent, and individual susceptibility. Many people will experience mild AMS during the acclimatization process. Symptoms usually start 12-24 hours after arrival at altitude and begin to decrease in severity about the third day. The symptoms of Mild AMS are headache, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea, disturbed sleep, and a general feeling of malaise. Symptoms tend to be worse at night and when respiratory drive is decreased. Mild AMS does not interfere with normal activity and symptoms generally subside within 2-4 days as the body acclimatizes. […] Moderate AMS includes severe headache that is not relieved by medication, nausea and vomiting, increasing weakness and fatigue, shortness of breath, and decreased coordination (ataxia). Normal activity is difficult, although the person may still be able to walk on their own. At this stage, only advanced medications or descent can reverse the problem.

• #25 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  If you experience more disruptive symptoms of acute mountain sickness, especially nausea or fatigue, you should stop ascending. They’re a warning that you’re at risk for more problems if you keep going. […] If you experience symptoms of HAPE or HACE, especially trouble breathing or loss of coordination, descend immediately (if possible). They’re signs of life-threatening complications.

• #26 Acute mountain sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm

  Most cases are mild. Symptoms improve quickly when you climb down the mountain to a lower altitude. […] Severe cases may result in death due to lung problems (pulmonary edema) or brain swelling (cerebral edema). […] The outlook depends on how quickly the affected person can get to a lower altitude once symptoms begin. Some people are more prone to developing altitude-related sickness and may not respond as well as others.

• #27 Altitude Sickness | HealthLink BC

  https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthwise/altitude-sickness

  Go to a lower altitude if your symptoms are moderate to severe, they get worse, or medicine or oxygen treatment does not help. Go down at least 450 m (1500 ft). Go to a lower altitude as fast as you can or get emergency help if someone with you has severe symptoms such as being confused or not being able to walk straight.

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