Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #2 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) […] Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). […] It is generally possible to prevent HAI by ascending slowly and allowing your body to adjust gradually. Serious complications can be avoided by monitoring early signs and symptoms of high-altitude illness and responding promptly. […] If you will be sleeping at altitudes above 8000 feet (2400 m) and have concerns about developing altitude sickness due to previous episodes or other risk factors, you should schedule an appointment with a knowledgeable health care provider. […] Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common of the altitude illnesses; it occurs in approximately 40 to 50 percent of people who live at a low altitude and travel to sleep at an altitude above 10,000 feet (3000 m), and in approximately 25 percent of those sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m).

• #3 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) […] Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). […] It is generally possible to prevent HAI by ascending slowly and allowing your body to adjust gradually. Serious complications can be avoided by monitoring early signs and symptoms of high-altitude illness and responding promptly. […] If you will be sleeping at altitudes above 8000 feet (2400 m) and have concerns about developing altitude sickness due to previous episodes or other risk factors, you should schedule an appointment with a knowledgeable health care provider. […] Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common of the altitude illnesses; it occurs in approximately 40 to 50 percent of people who live at a low altitude and travel to sleep at an altitude above 10,000 feet (3000 m), and in approximately 25 percent of those sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m).

• #4 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics

  Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). […] It is usually possible to prevent HAI by ascending slowly and allowing your body to adjust as you go. Serious complications of high-altitude disease can be avoided by watching for early signs and symptoms of high-altitude illness and responding quickly. […] If you will be sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m) and have concerns about developing altitude sickness because of prior episodes or other risk factors, you should make an appointment with a knowledgeable healthcare provider. […] Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common of the altitude diseases; it occurs in approximately 40 to 50 percent of people who live at a low altitude and sleep at an altitude above 10,000 feet (3000 m), and in approximately 25 percent of those sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m).

• #5 Altitude Illness: Risk Factors, Prevention, Presentation, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1101/p1103.html

  Altitude illness affects 25 to 85 percent of travelers to high altitudes, depending on their rate of ascent, home altitude, individual susceptibility, and other risk factors. Acute mountain sickness is the most common presentation of altitude illness and typically causes headache and malaise within six to 12 hours of gaining altitude. […] Slow ascent is the most important measure to prevent the onset of altitude illness. If this is not possible, or if symptoms occur despite slow ascent, acetazolamide or dexamethasone may be used for prophylaxis or treatment of acute mountain sickness. Descent is mandatory for all persons with high-altitude cerebral or pulmonary edema. […] Recommendations for reducing the risk of altitude illness are listed in Table 1. Slow ascent is the most effective method to prevent altitude illness.

• #6 Altitude sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/altitude-sickness

  Mountain climbers are at risk of developing altitude sickness. […] Altitude sickness is caused by ascending too rapidly, which doesn’t allow the body enough time to adjust to reduced oxygen and changes in air pressure. […] Symptoms include headache, vomiting, insomnia and reduced performance and coordination. […] In severe cases, fluid can build up within the lungs, brain or both, which can be fatal. […] First aid options include descending immediately, medications and the use of oxygen administered from a portable container. […] Use the 'buddy system’, because you will most likely refuse to acknowledge your own symptoms of altitude sickness. […] If one of your party is showing the signs of altitude sickness, first aid suggestions include: Don’t climb any higher. Camp and wait until the symptoms subside.

• #7 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness is caused by reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. […] The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. You should not continue climbing up if you develop symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is important. Acute mountain sickness is easier to treat in the early stages. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone.

• #8 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/high-elevation-travel-and-altitude-illness

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. […] Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, „home” oxygen is readily available.

• #9 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/high-altitude-travel-and-altitude-illness.html

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure.

• #10 Altitude Illness — Institute For Altitude Medicine

  http://www.highaltitudedoctor.org/altitude-illness

  AMS can afflict any visitor sleeping higher than 6000 feet. […] To meet the definition of AMS, other symptoms need to develop, such as loss of appetite, sometimes vomiting, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and difficulty sleeping. […] Diagnosis of AMS is based on the classic symptoms in someone who has been at high altitude for less than 2 or 3 days. […] If you have had altitude illness in the past you may be at risk to get it again, since there is a significant genetic component to altitude illness. […] As with any illness, prevention is always the best approach. […] Slow ascent to altitude is the key to prevention. […] Staying hydrated is important as it aids your body in acclimatizing. […] Acetazolamide (Diamox) taken 24 hours prior to arrival to altitude and the first 2 days at altitude is 75% effective in preventing AMS.

• #11 Altitude Sickness Is Typically Mild But Can Sometimes Turn Very Serious − a High-Altitude Medicine Physician Explains How to Safely Prepare

  https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare

  Altitude sickness, which most commonly refers to acute mountain sickness, presents a significant challenge to those traveling to and adventuring in high-altitude destinations. Its symptoms can range from mildly annoying to incapacitating and, in some cases, may progress to more life-threatening illnesses. […] When travelers do not properly acclimatize, they can be susceptible to life-threatening altitude illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema or high-altitude cerebral edema. These conditions are characterized by fluid accumulation within the tissues of the lungs and brain, respectively, and are the most severe forms of altitude sickness. […] High-altitude medicine experts and other physicians have known for decades that taking time to slowly ascend is the best way to prevent the development of altitude sickness.

• #12 Altitude Sickness: Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment | UPMC

  https://share.upmc.com/2024/07/altitude-sickness/

  These risk factors can increase your chances of developing altitude sickness: Alcohol and drug use, Higher altitudes, History of altitude sickness, Speed of ascent. […] Try these tips to avoid altitude sickness: Carbohydrates, Consult a doctor, Daytime climbing, Gradual ascent, Stay hydrated. […] If symptoms occur, try these options to soothe symptoms: Descend, Medications, Oxygen therapy. […] The milder altitude sickness, AMS, isnt necessarily dangerous as long as you stop ascending. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are potentially life-threatening. […] Take note of the early signs of altitude sickness. […] You should seek emergency medical care if you experience severe symptoms of altitude sickness. […] These are all signs of severe forms of altitude sickness: HAPE and HACE.

• #13

  https://www.denverhealth.org/blog/2022/07/what-is-altitude-sickness-and-how-do-i-avoid-it

  A few ways you can help your body adjust to a high altitude include: Ascending to a higher altitude slowly. Consider staying at a medium altitude of 4,000 to 6,000 ft above sea level for at least a day before ascending to your high-altitude destination. Hydrate before and after you arrive to altitude (a good rule of thumb is drinking enough fluids/water to keep your urine light yellow). Choose light activities for the first 48 hours at altitude (sightseeing, light hiking, boating, ATV riding, scenic gondola rides, etc.). Minimize or avoid alcohol and caffeine while at higher altitudes. Talk to your primary care provider if you have had altitude illness before to discuss if prevention medications might help. […] Its impossible to be completely prepared for when and if you begin experiencing altitude sickness but knowing the symptoms can help you recognize the need to rest, hydrate, and seek medical attention if necessary. […] Whether you are seeking help in the summer or winter, we are here to serve you the best possible altitude sickness treatment care.

• #14 Acute mountain sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm

  Extra oxygen should be given, if available. […] People with severe mountain sickness may need to be admitted to a hospital. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone. […] You should avoid high altitudes if you have heart or lung disease.

• #15 Altitude sickness is typically mild but can sometimes turn very serious − a high-altitude medicine physician explains how to safely prepare

  https://theconversation.com/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare-222057

  Altitude sickness, which most commonly refers to acute mountain sickness, presents a significant challenge to those traveling to and adventuring in high-altitude destinations. Its symptoms can range from mildly annoying to incapacitating and, in some cases, may progress to more life-threatening illnesses. […] When travelers do not properly acclimatize, they can be susceptible to life-threatening altitude illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema or high-altitude cerebral edema. These conditions are characterized by fluid accumulation within the tissues of the lungs and brain, respectively, and are the most severe forms of altitude sickness. […] High-altitude medicine experts and other physicians have known for decades that taking time to slowly ascend is the best way to prevent the development of altitude sickness.

• #16 How to Prevent Altitude Sickness

  https://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/understanding-preventing-altitude-sickness/

  Altitude sickness is divided into three categories that may coexist. The first, and by far most common, is acute mountain sickness or AMS, typically occurring within 1 to 24 hours of ascending to altitude. Common symptoms include headache, fatigue or exhaustion, lightheadedness, loss of appetite, insomnia or restless sleeping, and nausea. The duration of these symptoms generally is 24 to 48 hours and will usually improve if one does not ascend any higher. […] The second category is high altitude pulmonary edema, also known as HAPE. With HAPE, one develops fluid in the lungs, usually 24 to 72 hours after ascending to altitude. In addition to AMS symptoms, one may experience severe coughing, shortness of breath that is out of proportion to exertion level, and a fullness sensation in the chest. HAPE is an urgent medical problem requiring immediate descent to a lower altitude and seeking medical care.

• #17 Dealing with Altitude Sickness: Symptoms & Treatment | Middle Park Health

  https://middleparkhealth.org/dealing-with-altitude-sickness-symptoms-and-treatment/

  Altitude sickness can affect anyone traveling to high-altitude regions, causing debilitating symptoms that make it hard to function. […] Recognizing these symptoms gives you the chance to fight back against them. […] Spotting altitude sickness symptoms early can make a big difference in managing the condition. […] Common signs include headaches, dizziness, and nausea, often appearing a few hours after reaching high altitudes. […] Many of these milder symptoms can be confused with simple fatigue or dehydration, so be conscious of this while diagnosing the issue. […] Keep an eye on these symptoms, especially if they worsen, as they might signal serious conditions like high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) or high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), which need urgent medical care. […] Rest and hydration help with mild altitude sickness.

• #18 How to Prevent Altitude Sickness

  https://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/understanding-preventing-altitude-sickness/

  Altitude sickness is divided into three categories that may coexist. The first, and by far most common, is acute mountain sickness or AMS, typically occurring within 1 to 24 hours of ascending to altitude. Common symptoms include headache, fatigue or exhaustion, lightheadedness, loss of appetite, insomnia or restless sleeping, and nausea. The duration of these symptoms generally is 24 to 48 hours and will usually improve if one does not ascend any higher. […] The second category is high altitude pulmonary edema, also known as HAPE. With HAPE, one develops fluid in the lungs, usually 24 to 72 hours after ascending to altitude. In addition to AMS symptoms, one may experience severe coughing, shortness of breath that is out of proportion to exertion level, and a fullness sensation in the chest. HAPE is an urgent medical problem requiring immediate descent to a lower altitude and seeking medical care.

• #19 Altitude Sickness: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Death, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/mountain_sickness/article_em.htm

  Fatigue, insomnia, and headaches are early symptoms of altitude sickness. […] Although many people with mild acute mountain sickness require no medical care, as symptoms worsen, emergency medicine physicians, hyperbaric chamber experts, neurologists, and critical care specialists may need to be consulted. […] Some people can use self-care or home remedies, such as simply descending to a lower altitude, to help reduce symptoms or cure altitude sickness. […] Most people with self-curing acute mountain sickness do not need a follow-up with a healthcare professional. However, those that develop high-altitude pulmonary edema and/or high-altitude cerebral edema may require more extensive follow-up with their doctors. […] The prevention of altitude sickness is by acclimatizing the body to increasing altitude. Prevention of acute mountain sickness is sometimes with acetazolamide medication.

• #20 How to Prevent Altitude Sickness

  https://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/understanding-preventing-altitude-sickness/

  Altitude sickness is divided into three categories that may coexist. The first, and by far most common, is acute mountain sickness or AMS, typically occurring within 1 to 24 hours of ascending to altitude. Common symptoms include headache, fatigue or exhaustion, lightheadedness, loss of appetite, insomnia or restless sleeping, and nausea. The duration of these symptoms generally is 24 to 48 hours and will usually improve if one does not ascend any higher. […] The second category is high altitude pulmonary edema, also known as HAPE. With HAPE, one develops fluid in the lungs, usually 24 to 72 hours after ascending to altitude. In addition to AMS symptoms, one may experience severe coughing, shortness of breath that is out of proportion to exertion level, and a fullness sensation in the chest. HAPE is an urgent medical problem requiring immediate descent to a lower altitude and seeking medical care.

• #21 High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/high-altitude-pulmonary-edema

  High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of mountain sickness that causes fluid to collect in your lungs. It makes you cough and get out of breath easily. HAPE can get worse fast and is fatal if not treated quickly. If you’re at high altitudes and have symptoms of HAPE, seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is when fluid collects in your lungs at high altitudes. It’s a severe form of altitude sickness (mountain sickness). It can make it hard to breathe, cause fluid to build up in your lungs, and, in serious cases, cause bleeding in your lungs. This can prevent your tissues and organs from getting enough oxygen. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema can be fatal. Seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude if you have symptoms of HAPE.

• #22 High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/high-altitude-pulmonary-edema

  High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of mountain sickness that causes fluid to collect in your lungs. It makes you cough and get out of breath easily. HAPE can get worse fast and is fatal if not treated quickly. If you’re at high altitudes and have symptoms of HAPE, seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is when fluid collects in your lungs at high altitudes. It’s a severe form of altitude sickness (mountain sickness). It can make it hard to breathe, cause fluid to build up in your lungs, and, in serious cases, cause bleeding in your lungs. This can prevent your tissues and organs from getting enough oxygen. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema can be fatal. Seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude if you have symptoms of HAPE.

• #23 Altitude Illness: Risk Factors, Prevention, Presentation, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1101/p1103.html

  Medications for prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral edema include acetazolamide and dexamethasone. […] Descent is mandatory in persons with high-altitude cerebral or pulmonary edema. If descent is not possible, supplemental oxygen, rest, and placement in a portable hyperbaric oxygen chamber may stabilize patients. […] Treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema starts with immediate descent, if possible. Descent of 1,000 ft (300 m) may be all that is required. […] If descent is not possible (e.g., because of weather conditions), supplemental oxygen should be administered, and the patient should be placed in a portable hyperbaric oxygen chamber until descent is possible. […] Immediate descent is the treatment of choice. Supplemental oxygen may be administered if available, and simulated descent by placing the patient in a portable hyperbaric chamber may be helpful temporarily. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema is the leading cause of death from altitude illness, but it is avoidable with careful ascent and reversible with early recognition and treatment.

• #24 How to Prevent Altitude Sickness

  https://www.bouldermedicalcenter.com/understanding-preventing-altitude-sickness/

  The third category of altitude sickness is high altitude cerebral edema, also known as HACE. With HACE, one develops swelling of the brains tissues, usually 24 to 72 hours after ascending to altitude. In addition to AMS symptoms, one may experience profound fatigue, weakness, inability to walk with a normal gait, lack of concentration, confusion, and delirium. HACE requires immediate descent to a lower altitude and emergency medical care. […] Rest and moving to a lower altitude are the best treatments for developing AMS symptoms. In addition, hydrating and taking headache medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be helpful for mild headaches. […] If you develop symptoms concerning HAPE or HACE, seek emergency medical assistance.

• #25 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  AMS treatment includes rest and descent and may also involve medications to relieve symptoms. […] High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare, life-threatening severe form of acute mountain sickness (AMS). […] HACE is a medical emergency, and you should immediately descend to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition in which lung capillaries leak and fluid accumulates in the lungs. HAPE is uncommon but can occur in people who rapidly ascend to altitudes above 8200 feet (2500 m). […] HAPE is a medical emergency. You should seek medical care or descend as soon as possible if you develop symptoms.

• #26 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  AMS treatment includes rest and descent and may also involve medications to relieve symptoms. […] High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare, life-threatening severe form of acute mountain sickness (AMS). […] HACE is a medical emergency, and you should immediately descend to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition in which lung capillaries leak and fluid accumulates in the lungs. HAPE is uncommon but can occur in people who rapidly ascend to altitudes above 8200 feet (2500 m). […] HAPE is a medical emergency. You should seek medical care or descend as soon as possible if you develop symptoms.

• #27 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #28 Altitude sickness – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude_sickness

  Altitude sickness typically occurs only above 2,500 metres (8,000 ft), though some people are affected at lower altitudes. […] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and is supported for those who have more than a minor reduction in activities. […] It is recommended that at high altitude any symptoms of headache, nausea, shortness of breath, or vomiting be assumed to be altitude sickness. […] Sickness is prevented by gradually increasing elevation by no more than 300 metres (1,000 ft) per day. […] Generally, descent and sufficient fluid intake can treat symptoms. […] Mild cases may be helped by ibuprofen, acetazolamide, or dexamethasone. […] Severe cases may benefit from oxygen therapy and a portable hyperbaric bag may be used if descent is not possible. […] The only definite and reliable treatment for severe AMS, HACE, and HAPE is to descend immediately until symptoms resolve.

• #29 Altitude Sickness: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Death, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/mountain_sickness/article_em.htm

  If symptoms such as headache or shortness of breath do not improve promptly with simple changes, visiting a doctor may be helpful if descending to a lower altitude is inconvenient and a doctor is available. […] The diagnosis of acute altitude sickness is based on the patient’s signs and symptoms. […] Delay further ascent until symptoms improve. […] If descent is not possible, a portable hyperbaric chamber (Gamow bag) can be used to simulate a lower altitude. […] Descending to lower altitudes (about 1640-3280 feet or 500-1000 meters lower altitude than the altitude the person was at when symptoms developed) or delaying further ascent are treatments for altitude mountain sickness until symptoms are gone. […] The only definitive treatment for high-altitude cerebral edema is descent from the person’s current altitude.

• #30 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness is caused by reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. […] The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. You should not continue climbing up if you develop symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is important. Acute mountain sickness is easier to treat in the early stages. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone.

• #31 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness is caused by reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. […] The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. You should not continue climbing up if you develop symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is important. Acute mountain sickness is easier to treat in the early stages. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone.

• #32 Acute Mountain Sickness – Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/acute-mountain-sickness-treatment/

  Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), known also as altitude sickness, may occur when individuals rapidly ascend to elevations greater than 2500 metres (8202 feet) above sea level. […] AMS is characterized by headache accompanied by any of the following: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue or insomnia. The severity of symptoms may range from mild to incapacitating. […] The most effective treatment for altitude-induced illnesses is descent to lower elevations. A patient with AMS who has already descended and is presenting in the emergency department can expect symptoms to resolve rapidly. […] For severe AMS, dexamethasone, supplemental oxygen and portable hyperbaric bags are beneficial to stabilize patients until they can be brought to lower elevations. […] AMS is a self-limiting process that does not require hospital admission. If HACE or HAPE is suspected, the patient should be admitted for treatment.

• #33 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Management of AMS follows 3 axioms: (1) no further ascent until symptoms resolve, (2) descend to a lower altitude if no improvement occurs with medical therapy, and (3) at the first sign of HACE, descend immediately. Predicting the eventual severity from the initial clinical presentation is not possible, and patients must be watched closely for progression of illness. […] Descent to an altitude below that where symptoms started is always effective treatment but may not be practical or possible given the topography, weather, the patient’s ultimate trekking or climbing goals, or group resources. Accordingly, a descent of 500-1,000 m is usually sufficient. […] Acetazolamide accelerates acclimatization and thus quickens resolution of the illness, but this may still require 12-24 hours; it is of limited value in HACE because of its relatively slow action. Acetazolamide can be taken episodically without fear of rebound symptoms when it is discontinued. Dexamethasone swiftly reverses symptoms (2-4 h) but does not improve acclimatization. It is the drug of choice for treating HACE and should be given early. Both agents may be used to treat AMS if the victim does not descend. Oxygen is extremely effective, but availability is often limited.

• #34 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #35 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness is caused by reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. […] The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. You should not continue climbing up if you develop symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is important. Acute mountain sickness is easier to treat in the early stages. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone.

• #36 Altitude sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/altitude-sickness

  In severe cases of altitude sickness, descend immediately. Aim for a descent of around 500 m to 1,000 m. […] Administer oxygen from a portable oxygen cylinder. […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy uses specially designed chambers or rooms that can withstand high pressures. […] This form of therapy floods the body with oxygen and relieves the symptoms of altitude sickness. […] Never use oxygen therapy or altitude sickness medications to continue an ascent once symptoms have occurred. The result can be fatal.

• #37 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Management of AMS follows 3 axioms: (1) no further ascent until symptoms resolve, (2) descend to a lower altitude if no improvement occurs with medical therapy, and (3) at the first sign of HACE, descend immediately. Predicting the eventual severity from the initial clinical presentation is not possible, and patients must be watched closely for progression of illness. […] Descent to an altitude below that where symptoms started is always effective treatment but may not be practical or possible given the topography, weather, the patient’s ultimate trekking or climbing goals, or group resources. Accordingly, a descent of 500-1,000 m is usually sufficient. […] Acetazolamide accelerates acclimatization and thus quickens resolution of the illness, but this may still require 12-24 hours; it is of limited value in HACE because of its relatively slow action. Acetazolamide can be taken episodically without fear of rebound symptoms when it is discontinued. Dexamethasone swiftly reverses symptoms (2-4 h) but does not improve acclimatization. It is the drug of choice for treating HACE and should be given early. Both agents may be used to treat AMS if the victim does not descend. Oxygen is extremely effective, but availability is often limited.

• #38 Altitude Illness — Institute For Altitude Medicine

  http://www.highaltitudedoctor.org/altitude-illness

  AMS usually resolves by itself, within 6 to 48 hours. […] Do not proceed to a higher altitude if you have AMS. […] The headache of AMS improves with rest, and medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) are often sufficient. […] Oxygen breathing will improve symptoms rapidly, usually within minutes. […] Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a prescription medication that increases breathing, raises the blood oxygen level, speeds up acclimatization and therefore resolves AMS. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a prescription steroid medication that reduces swelling in the brain and improves symptoms, but it is generally reserved for moderate to severe illness. […] A person with HACE MUST go down to a lower altitude. […] Oxygen and rest are the main treatments for HAPE. […] Children get the same symptoms of altitude illness as adults, and have the same incidence of AMS. […] The same principles of prevention in adults apply to children.

• #39 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics

  AMS treatment includes rest, descent, and may also include medicines to relieve symptoms. You should not exercise or proceed higher until your symptoms have resolved. […] High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare, life-threatening altitude disease and is a severe form of acute mountain sickness (AMS). […] HACE is a medical emergency and you should immediately descend to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition in which lung capillaries leak and fluid accumulates in the lungs. HAPE is uncommon but can occur in people who rapidly ascend to altitudes above 8200 feet (2500 m). […] HAPE is a medical emergency. You should seek medical care or descend as soon as possible if you develop symptoms.

• #40 Altitude Illness — Institute For Altitude Medicine

  http://www.highaltitudedoctor.org/altitude-illness

  AMS usually resolves by itself, within 6 to 48 hours. […] Do not proceed to a higher altitude if you have AMS. […] The headache of AMS improves with rest, and medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) are often sufficient. […] Oxygen breathing will improve symptoms rapidly, usually within minutes. […] Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a prescription medication that increases breathing, raises the blood oxygen level, speeds up acclimatization and therefore resolves AMS. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a prescription steroid medication that reduces swelling in the brain and improves symptoms, but it is generally reserved for moderate to severe illness. […] A person with HACE MUST go down to a lower altitude. […] Oxygen and rest are the main treatments for HAPE. […] Children get the same symptoms of altitude illness as adults, and have the same incidence of AMS. […] The same principles of prevention in adults apply to children.

• #41 High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/high-altitude-pulmonary-edema

  High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a form of mountain sickness that causes fluid to collect in your lungs. It makes you cough and get out of breath easily. HAPE can get worse fast and is fatal if not treated quickly. If you’re at high altitudes and have symptoms of HAPE, seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is when fluid collects in your lungs at high altitudes. It’s a severe form of altitude sickness (mountain sickness). It can make it hard to breathe, cause fluid to build up in your lungs, and, in serious cases, cause bleeding in your lungs. This can prevent your tissues and organs from getting enough oxygen. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema can be fatal. Seek immediate medical attention and move to a lower altitude if you have symptoms of HAPE.

• #42 Acute High Altitude Sickness | Time of Care

  https://www.timeofcare.com/acute-high-altitude-sickness/

  AMS: Stop the ascent. Conservative Treatment: NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, or Aspirin for Headaches. Antiemetics as needed for nausea. […] HACE: Immediate descent. Supplemental oxygen. If descent is not feasible (due to weather, terrain, etc) place patient on supplemental oxygen via either an oxygen tank or oxygen concentrator or placed in a portable hyperbaric chamber. Dexamethasone by mouth, IM or IV at a dose of 8 mg initially followed by 4 mg every 6 h until the person has descended or symptoms have fully resolved. […] HAPE: Option #1: No descend: Supplemental oxygen alone and close observation if health facilities available. Option #2: Descend: Descend to a lower elevation. If descent is not feasible, treat with supplemental oxygen or a portable hyperbaric chamber as well as a pulmonary vasodilator. Sustained-release nifedipine is 1st-line. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are an alternative.

• #43 Travelling safely to places at high altitude – Understanding and preventing altitude illness

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/travelling-safely-to-places-at-high-altitude-under

  Medications are a useful adjunct to prevent altitude illness in travellers who are not able to follow the recommendations for prevention, or who may have had altitude illness before. […] Acetazolamide, commonly prescribed off-label in Australia to prevent AMS, is the only drug currently shown to facilitate acclimatisation. […] Multiple trials have shown dexamethasone to be of benefit in preventing AMS. […] Nifedipine works by inhibiting the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, thus preventing or relieving pulmonary oedema. […] With no direct literature to consult, and individual variation and comorbidities, it is difficult to advise about the safety of travel to places at high altitude for people with pre-existing conditions. […] This article provides scientific information for clinicians to assess the risk and provide information and interventions to prevent altitude illness as part of our role to facilitate a safe journey for our patients.

• #44 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  AMS treatment includes rest and descent and may also involve medications to relieve symptoms. […] High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a rare, life-threatening severe form of acute mountain sickness (AMS). […] HACE is a medical emergency, and you should immediately descend to a lower altitude. […] High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal condition in which lung capillaries leak and fluid accumulates in the lungs. HAPE is uncommon but can occur in people who rapidly ascend to altitudes above 8200 feet (2500 m). […] HAPE is a medical emergency. You should seek medical care or descend as soon as possible if you develop symptoms.

• #45 Acute High Altitude Sickness | Time of Care

  https://www.timeofcare.com/acute-high-altitude-sickness/

  AMS: Stop the ascent. Conservative Treatment: NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, or Aspirin for Headaches. Antiemetics as needed for nausea. […] HACE: Immediate descent. Supplemental oxygen. If descent is not feasible (due to weather, terrain, etc) place patient on supplemental oxygen via either an oxygen tank or oxygen concentrator or placed in a portable hyperbaric chamber. Dexamethasone by mouth, IM or IV at a dose of 8 mg initially followed by 4 mg every 6 h until the person has descended or symptoms have fully resolved. […] HAPE: Option #1: No descend: Supplemental oxygen alone and close observation if health facilities available. Option #2: Descend: Descend to a lower elevation. If descent is not feasible, treat with supplemental oxygen or a portable hyperbaric chamber as well as a pulmonary vasodilator. Sustained-release nifedipine is 1st-line. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are an alternative.

• #46 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Management of AMS follows 3 axioms: (1) no further ascent until symptoms resolve, (2) descend to a lower altitude if no improvement occurs with medical therapy, and (3) at the first sign of HACE, descend immediately. Predicting the eventual severity from the initial clinical presentation is not possible, and patients must be watched closely for progression of illness. […] Descent to an altitude below that where symptoms started is always effective treatment but may not be practical or possible given the topography, weather, the patient’s ultimate trekking or climbing goals, or group resources. Accordingly, a descent of 500-1,000 m is usually sufficient. […] Acetazolamide accelerates acclimatization and thus quickens resolution of the illness, but this may still require 12-24 hours; it is of limited value in HACE because of its relatively slow action. Acetazolamide can be taken episodically without fear of rebound symptoms when it is discontinued. Dexamethasone swiftly reverses symptoms (2-4 h) but does not improve acclimatization. It is the drug of choice for treating HACE and should be given early. Both agents may be used to treat AMS if the victim does not descend. Oxygen is extremely effective, but availability is often limited.

• #47 Acute Mountain Sickness – Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/acute-mountain-sickness-treatment/

  AMS is self-limiting and does not require observation after descent below 2500m. […] Council the patient that a history of AMS is a risk factor for AMS in the future. Acclimatization immediately prior to climbing and limiting ascent to 500m per day will reduce the likelihood of recurrence of AMS. […] Descent to lower elevation for the treatment of AMS is regarded as the most effective treatment for AMS in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with high quality evidence (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Dexamethasone for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with moderate quality evidence (observational studies and two double-blind randomized controlled trails with placebo groups) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Acetazolamide for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with low quality evidence (a single randomized controlled trial limited to 12 participants) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines.

• #48 Altitude sickness – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitude_sickness

  Oxygen may be used for mild to moderate AMS below 3,700 metres (12,000 ft) and is commonly provided by physicians at mountain resorts. Symptoms abate in 12 to 36 hours without the need to descend. […] For more serious cases of AMS, or where rapid descent is impractical, a Gamow bag, a portable plastic hyperbaric chamber inflated with a foot pump, can be used to reduce the effective altitude by as much as 1,500 m (5,000 ft). […] Acetazolamide 250 mg twice daily dosing assists in AMS treatment by quickening altitude acclimatization.

• #49 Altitude sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/altitude-sickness

  In severe cases of altitude sickness, descend immediately. Aim for a descent of around 500 m to 1,000 m. […] Administer oxygen from a portable oxygen cylinder. […] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy uses specially designed chambers or rooms that can withstand high pressures. […] This form of therapy floods the body with oxygen and relieves the symptoms of altitude sickness. […] Never use oxygen therapy or altitude sickness medications to continue an ascent once symptoms have occurred. The result can be fatal.

• #50 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Importantly, in HACE cases, these chambers should only be used as a means of acute/temporizing care (eg, to improve a patient’s ability to more safely participate in their evacuation in technical terrain). They should never be considered as a replacement for actual descent. […] Hospitalization is not indicated for AMS. Hospitalization is usually indicated for patients with HACE, depending on severity. Patients with focal neurologic deficits or persistent mental status changes should be admitted. After descent, care is supportive. […] Residual headache or nausea in patients with AMS should be treated symptomatically. Continue dexamethasone for 1-2 days after descent in patients with uncomplicated HACE or until the mental status clears in patients with severe HACE who require hospitalization.

• #51 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Importantly, in HACE cases, these chambers should only be used as a means of acute/temporizing care (eg, to improve a patient’s ability to more safely participate in their evacuation in technical terrain). They should never be considered as a replacement for actual descent. […] Hospitalization is not indicated for AMS. Hospitalization is usually indicated for patients with HACE, depending on severity. Patients with focal neurologic deficits or persistent mental status changes should be admitted. After descent, care is supportive. […] Residual headache or nausea in patients with AMS should be treated symptomatically. Continue dexamethasone for 1-2 days after descent in patients with uncomplicated HACE or until the mental status clears in patients with severe HACE who require hospitalization.

• #52 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/high-elevation-travel-and-altitude-illness

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. […] Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, „home” oxygen is readily available.

• #53 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/high-altitude-travel-and-altitude-illness.html

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure.

• #54 Altitude Sickness Is Typically Mild But Can Sometimes Turn Very Serious − a High-Altitude Medicine Physician Explains How to Safely Prepare

  https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare

  This strategy gives the body time to complete its natural physiologic responses to the changes in air pressure and oxygen content. […] People who skip this step and travel directly to high elevations are up to four times more likely to develop altitude sickness symptoms. […] For more than 40 years, a medicine called acetazolamide has been used to prevent the development of altitude sickness and to treat its symptoms. […] If started two days prior to going up to a high elevation, acetazolamide can prevent symptoms of acute illness by speeding up the acclimatization process. […] A steroid medication called dexamethasone is effective in both treating and preventing symptoms, but it does not improve acclimatization. […] Staying hydrated is very important at high altitudes due to fluid losses from increased urination, dry air and increased physical exertion. Dehydration symptoms can also mimic those of altitude sickness. But there is little evidence that consuming excessive amounts of water can prevent or treat altitude sickness. […] While there are health risks associated with travel at higher elevations, these can be lessened by making basic preparations and taking time to slowly ascend.

• #55 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Recommendations on staged ascents, by and large, are adequate for the average person, but some persons still become ill despite a slow, staged ascent. Persons traveling to high altitude should allow adequate time for acclimatization and pay careful attention to symptoms. […] Acetazolamide effectively prevents AMS; it accelerates acclimatization by inducing a bicarbonate diuresis, stimulating ventilation, and improving sleep-breathing patterns. It does not mask symptoms of AMS. Acetazolamide prophylaxis is indicated for persons with an unavoidable rapid ascent, such as flying in to a high city (eg, Lhasa, Tibet; La Paz, Bolivia), or with a history of recurrent AMS. […] Dexamethasone also effectively prevents AMS but does not improve acclimatization. Because of the concern of rebound symptoms and the adverse effect profile, this medication cannot be routinely recommended for prophylaxis.

• #56 Altitude Sickness Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/altitude-sickness/

  A doctor can give you acetazolamide (Diamox). This speeds up how fast your body gets used to the higher altitude. Nifedipine (Procardia) and dexamethasone are also used for altitude sickness. You may also be able to use oxygen or a specially designed pressure chamber to treat altitude sickness. […] Go to a lower altitude if your symptoms are moderate to severe, they get worse, or medicine or oxygen treatment does not help. Go down at least 1500 ft (450 m). Go to a lower altitude as fast as you can or get emergency help if someone with you has severe symptoms such as being confused or not being able to walk straight. Go with the person. Never let someone with severe altitude sickness go down alone. […] You may be able to prevent altitude sickness by taking your time when you go to high altitudes and using medicine in advance.

• #57 Altitude sickness is typically mild but can sometimes turn very serious − a high-altitude medicine physician explains how to safely prepare

  https://theconversation.com/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare-222057

  People who skip this step and travel directly to high elevations are up to four times more likely to develop altitude sickness symptoms. […] For more than 40 years, a medicine called acetazolamide has been used to prevent the development of altitude sickness and to treat its symptoms. […] If started two days prior to going up to a high elevation, acetazolamide can prevent symptoms of acute illness by speeding up the acclimatization process. […] A steroid medication called dexamethasone is effective in both treating and preventing symptoms, but it does not improve acclimatization. […] Staying hydrated is very important at high altitudes due to fluid losses from increased urination, dry air and increased physical exertion. Dehydration symptoms can also mimic those of altitude sickness.

• #58 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Recommendations on staged ascents, by and large, are adequate for the average person, but some persons still become ill despite a slow, staged ascent. Persons traveling to high altitude should allow adequate time for acclimatization and pay careful attention to symptoms. […] Acetazolamide effectively prevents AMS; it accelerates acclimatization by inducing a bicarbonate diuresis, stimulating ventilation, and improving sleep-breathing patterns. It does not mask symptoms of AMS. Acetazolamide prophylaxis is indicated for persons with an unavoidable rapid ascent, such as flying in to a high city (eg, Lhasa, Tibet; La Paz, Bolivia), or with a history of recurrent AMS. […] Dexamethasone also effectively prevents AMS but does not improve acclimatization. Because of the concern of rebound symptoms and the adverse effect profile, this medication cannot be routinely recommended for prophylaxis.

• #59 Health Library | The University of Vermont Health Network

  https://www.uvmhealth.org/medcenter/wellness-resources/health-library/ug3357

  Altitude sickness can be dangerous. It is smart to take special care if you go high-altitude hiking or camping (like in the Rockies) or have plans for a vacation or trek in high-altitude countries like Peru, Ecuador, or Nepal. […] If you are going on a high-altitude trek, learn about altitude sickness, its symptoms, and how to treat it. Look out for other people in your group. […] The best treatment for altitude sickness is to go to a lower altitude. But if you have mild symptoms, you may be able to stay at that altitude and let your body get used to it. […] If you stay at a high altitude, rest. You can explore the area, but take it easy. Limit any walking or activity. Drink plenty of water, but do not drink alcohol. Do not go to a higher altitude until your symptoms go away. […] A doctor can give you acetazolamide (Diamox). This speeds up how fast your body gets used to the higher altitude. Nifedipine (Procardia) and dexamethasone are also used for altitude sickness. You may also be able to use oxygen or a specially designed pressure chamber to treat altitude sickness.

• #60 Travelling safely to places at high altitude – Understanding and preventing altitude illness

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/travelling-safely-to-places-at-high-altitude-under

  Medications are a useful adjunct to prevent altitude illness in travellers who are not able to follow the recommendations for prevention, or who may have had altitude illness before. […] Acetazolamide, commonly prescribed off-label in Australia to prevent AMS, is the only drug currently shown to facilitate acclimatisation. […] Multiple trials have shown dexamethasone to be of benefit in preventing AMS. […] Nifedipine works by inhibiting the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, thus preventing or relieving pulmonary oedema. […] With no direct literature to consult, and individual variation and comorbidities, it is difficult to advise about the safety of travel to places at high altitude for people with pre-existing conditions. […] This article provides scientific information for clinicians to assess the risk and provide information and interventions to prevent altitude illness as part of our role to facilitate a safe journey for our patients.

• #61 Travelling safely to places at high altitude – Understanding and preventing altitude illness

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/travelling-safely-to-places-at-high-altitude-under

  Medications are a useful adjunct to prevent altitude illness in travellers who are not able to follow the recommendations for prevention, or who may have had altitude illness before. […] Acetazolamide, commonly prescribed off-label in Australia to prevent AMS, is the only drug currently shown to facilitate acclimatisation. […] Multiple trials have shown dexamethasone to be of benefit in preventing AMS. […] Nifedipine works by inhibiting the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, thus preventing or relieving pulmonary oedema. […] With no direct literature to consult, and individual variation and comorbidities, it is difficult to advise about the safety of travel to places at high altitude for people with pre-existing conditions. […] This article provides scientific information for clinicians to assess the risk and provide information and interventions to prevent altitude illness as part of our role to facilitate a safe journey for our patients.

• #62 Altitude Sickness: Symptoms, Treatment & Medication, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/altitude-sickness

  Sometimes called mountain sickness, altitude sickness is a group of symptoms that can strike if you walk or climb to a higher elevation, or altitude, too quickly. […] If you get a headache and at least one other symptom linked to altitude sickness within a day or two of changing your elevation, you might have altitude sickness. For mild symptoms, you can try staying at your current altitude to see if your body adjusts. Rest, keep warm, and have plenty of liquids. Don’t go any higher until your symptoms are completely gone. […] If your symptoms are severe, or if mild symptoms don’t go away in a couple of days or get worse, get to a lower elevation as quickly as possible. Don’t exert yourself. Get medical help. […] The best way you can lower your chance of getting altitude sickness is through acclimatization. That means you let your body slowly get used to the changes in air pressure as you travel to higher elevations.

• #63 Altitude Sickness: Symptoms, Treatment & Medication, Prevention

  https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/altitude-sickness

  Some basic guidelines for acclimatization are: Start your journey below 10,000 feet. If you have to fly or drive somewhere that’s higher up, stop at one destination that’s lower for at least a full day before going any higher. […] If you walk, hike, or climb over 10,000 feet, only go up an additional 1,000 feet per day. For every 3,000 feet you climb, rest at least a day at that height. […] Climb high and sleep low: If you have to climb over 1,000 feet in a day, make sure you come back down to a lower altitude to sleep. […] Know how to identify the first signs of altitude sickness. Move to a lower elevation right away if you start to have these symptoms.

• #64 Altitude sickness is typically mild but can sometimes turn very serious − a high-altitude medicine physician explains how to safely prepare

  https://theconversation.com/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare-222057

  People who skip this step and travel directly to high elevations are up to four times more likely to develop altitude sickness symptoms. […] For more than 40 years, a medicine called acetazolamide has been used to prevent the development of altitude sickness and to treat its symptoms. […] If started two days prior to going up to a high elevation, acetazolamide can prevent symptoms of acute illness by speeding up the acclimatization process. […] A steroid medication called dexamethasone is effective in both treating and preventing symptoms, but it does not improve acclimatization. […] Staying hydrated is very important at high altitudes due to fluid losses from increased urination, dry air and increased physical exertion. Dehydration symptoms can also mimic those of altitude sickness.

• #65 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Recommendations on staged ascents, by and large, are adequate for the average person, but some persons still become ill despite a slow, staged ascent. Persons traveling to high altitude should allow adequate time for acclimatization and pay careful attention to symptoms. […] Acetazolamide effectively prevents AMS; it accelerates acclimatization by inducing a bicarbonate diuresis, stimulating ventilation, and improving sleep-breathing patterns. It does not mask symptoms of AMS. Acetazolamide prophylaxis is indicated for persons with an unavoidable rapid ascent, such as flying in to a high city (eg, Lhasa, Tibet; La Paz, Bolivia), or with a history of recurrent AMS. […] Dexamethasone also effectively prevents AMS but does not improve acclimatization. Because of the concern of rebound symptoms and the adverse effect profile, this medication cannot be routinely recommended for prophylaxis.

• #66 Acute mountain sickness Information | Mount Sinai – New York

  https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/acute-mountain-sickness

  Acute mountain sickness is an illness that can affect mountain climbers, hikers, skiers, or travelers at high altitudes, usually above 8000 feet (2400 meters). […] Acute mountain sickness is caused by reduced air pressure and lower oxygen levels at high altitudes. […] The main treatment for all forms of mountain sickness is to climb down (descend) to a lower altitude as rapidly and safely as possible. You should not continue climbing up if you develop symptoms. […] Early diagnosis is important. Acute mountain sickness is easier to treat in the early stages. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone.

• #67 Altitude Sickness Medication for Travel | Online Prescription | Runway Health

  https://runwayhealth.com/altitude-sickness/

  Although the exact dosing instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider, in general, it is generally recommended to start taking acetazolamide (generic Diamox) one to two days before ascending to high altitudes. This allows the medication to take effect and help your body acclimate to the change in altitude. […] Although the exact dosing instructions will be provided by your healthcare provider, typically, it is recommended to begin the day before ascent and continue the first 2 days at elevation, and longer if ascent continues. Your healthcare provider will provide specific guidance based on your individual circumstances.

• #68 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Recommendations on staged ascents, by and large, are adequate for the average person, but some persons still become ill despite a slow, staged ascent. Persons traveling to high altitude should allow adequate time for acclimatization and pay careful attention to symptoms. […] Acetazolamide effectively prevents AMS; it accelerates acclimatization by inducing a bicarbonate diuresis, stimulating ventilation, and improving sleep-breathing patterns. It does not mask symptoms of AMS. Acetazolamide prophylaxis is indicated for persons with an unavoidable rapid ascent, such as flying in to a high city (eg, Lhasa, Tibet; La Paz, Bolivia), or with a history of recurrent AMS. […] Dexamethasone also effectively prevents AMS but does not improve acclimatization. Because of the concern of rebound symptoms and the adverse effect profile, this medication cannot be routinely recommended for prophylaxis.

• #69 Travelling safely to places at high altitude – Understanding and preventing altitude illness

  https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/june/travelling-safely-to-places-at-high-altitude-under

  Medications are a useful adjunct to prevent altitude illness in travellers who are not able to follow the recommendations for prevention, or who may have had altitude illness before. […] Acetazolamide, commonly prescribed off-label in Australia to prevent AMS, is the only drug currently shown to facilitate acclimatisation. […] Multiple trials have shown dexamethasone to be of benefit in preventing AMS. […] Nifedipine works by inhibiting the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, thus preventing or relieving pulmonary oedema. […] With no direct literature to consult, and individual variation and comorbidities, it is difficult to advise about the safety of travel to places at high altitude for people with pre-existing conditions. […] This article provides scientific information for clinicians to assess the risk and provide information and interventions to prevent altitude illness as part of our role to facilitate a safe journey for our patients.

• #70 Acute Mountain Sickness – Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/acute-mountain-sickness-treatment/

  AMS is self-limiting and does not require observation after descent below 2500m. […] Council the patient that a history of AMS is a risk factor for AMS in the future. Acclimatization immediately prior to climbing and limiting ascent to 500m per day will reduce the likelihood of recurrence of AMS. […] Descent to lower elevation for the treatment of AMS is regarded as the most effective treatment for AMS in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with high quality evidence (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Dexamethasone for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with moderate quality evidence (observational studies and two double-blind randomized controlled trails with placebo groups) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Acetazolamide for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with low quality evidence (a single randomized controlled trial limited to 12 participants) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines.

• #71

  https://www.denverhealth.org/blog/2022/07/what-is-altitude-sickness-and-how-do-i-avoid-it

  A few ways you can help your body adjust to a high altitude include: Ascending to a higher altitude slowly. Consider staying at a medium altitude of 4,000 to 6,000 ft above sea level for at least a day before ascending to your high-altitude destination. Hydrate before and after you arrive to altitude (a good rule of thumb is drinking enough fluids/water to keep your urine light yellow). Choose light activities for the first 48 hours at altitude (sightseeing, light hiking, boating, ATV riding, scenic gondola rides, etc.). Minimize or avoid alcohol and caffeine while at higher altitudes. Talk to your primary care provider if you have had altitude illness before to discuss if prevention medications might help. […] Its impossible to be completely prepared for when and if you begin experiencing altitude sickness but knowing the symptoms can help you recognize the need to rest, hydrate, and seek medical attention if necessary. […] Whether you are seeking help in the summer or winter, we are here to serve you the best possible altitude sickness treatment care.

• #72 How to Prevent Altitude Sickness | Right as Rain

  https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/life/leisure/altitude-illness

  In severe cases, it might be worth taking acetazolamide or dexamethasone, medications that help treat the symptoms of acute mountain sickness and can be prescribed by your primary care doctor or through a travel medicine clinic. […] If your symptoms start to get worse or you have symptoms and signs of HACE or HAPE, it’s important to get down to a lower elevation and to a health facility if there is one accessible. […] The only time people with acute mountain sickness need to descend is if their symptoms don’t get better doing those conservative things. […] The main reason people get sick is they go too high too quickly. […] Following that logic, the best thing you can do to prevent altitude sickness is slow down your ascent when feasible. […] If a slow ascent isn’t possible because you are flying into your destination or have traveled to high altitude before and have a history of acute altitude sickness, medications like acetazolamide, also called Diamox, are good preventive options.

• #73 Altitude sickness | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/altitude-sickness

  Mountain climbers are at risk of developing altitude sickness. […] Altitude sickness is caused by ascending too rapidly, which doesn’t allow the body enough time to adjust to reduced oxygen and changes in air pressure. […] Symptoms include headache, vomiting, insomnia and reduced performance and coordination. […] In severe cases, fluid can build up within the lungs, brain or both, which can be fatal. […] First aid options include descending immediately, medications and the use of oxygen administered from a portable container. […] Use the 'buddy system’, because you will most likely refuse to acknowledge your own symptoms of altitude sickness. […] If one of your party is showing the signs of altitude sickness, first aid suggestions include: Don’t climb any higher. Camp and wait until the symptoms subside.

• #74 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #75 Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/high-altitude-illness-including-mountain-sickness-beyond-the-basics/print

  Patient education: High-altitude illness (including mountain sickness) (Beyond the Basics) […] Ascending to or being at a new high altitude may cause high-altitude illness (HAI). HAI includes acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). […] It is generally possible to prevent HAI by ascending slowly and allowing your body to adjust gradually. Serious complications can be avoided by monitoring early signs and symptoms of high-altitude illness and responding promptly. […] If you will be sleeping at altitudes above 8000 feet (2400 m) and have concerns about developing altitude sickness due to previous episodes or other risk factors, you should schedule an appointment with a knowledgeable health care provider. […] Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is the most common of the altitude illnesses; it occurs in approximately 40 to 50 percent of people who live at a low altitude and travel to sleep at an altitude above 10,000 feet (3000 m), and in approximately 25 percent of those sleeping above 8000 feet (2400 m).

• #76 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/high-elevation-travel-and-altitude-illness

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. […] Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, „home” oxygen is readily available.

• #77 Altitude and Travel – Fit for Travel

  https://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/advice/general-travel-health-advice/altitude-and-travel

  Both conditions are an emergency and can quickly result in death; descending to a lower altitude must be carried out immediately. […] If you have certain medical conditions, you should get advice from the health care professional that manages your condition or a travel health professional before travelling to altitude. […] If you are pregnant and travelling to altitude then you should discuss your travel plans with your midwife or obstetrician before you travel.

• #78 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/high-altitude-travel-and-altitude-illness.html

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure.

• #79 Acute mountain sickness: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000133.htm

  Extra oxygen should be given, if available. […] People with severe mountain sickness may need to be admitted to a hospital. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) may help reduce acute mountain sickness symptoms and swelling in the brain (cerebral edema). […] Keys to preventing acute mountain sickness include: Climb the mountain gradually. Gradual ascent is the most important factor in preventing acute mountain sickness. […] If you plan on climbing quickly, or climbing to a high altitude, ask your provider about medicines that may help prevent acute mountain sickness, such as acetazolamide or dexamethasone. […] You should avoid high altitudes if you have heart or lung disease.

• #80 Altitude Illness — Institute For Altitude Medicine

  http://www.highaltitudedoctor.org/altitude-illness

  AMS usually resolves by itself, within 6 to 48 hours. […] Do not proceed to a higher altitude if you have AMS. […] The headache of AMS improves with rest, and medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) are often sufficient. […] Oxygen breathing will improve symptoms rapidly, usually within minutes. […] Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a prescription medication that increases breathing, raises the blood oxygen level, speeds up acclimatization and therefore resolves AMS. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a prescription steroid medication that reduces swelling in the brain and improves symptoms, but it is generally reserved for moderate to severe illness. […] A person with HACE MUST go down to a lower altitude. […] Oxygen and rest are the main treatments for HAPE. […] Children get the same symptoms of altitude illness as adults, and have the same incidence of AMS. […] The same principles of prevention in adults apply to children.

• #81 Altitude Illness — Institute For Altitude Medicine

  http://www.highaltitudedoctor.org/altitude-illness

  AMS usually resolves by itself, within 6 to 48 hours. […] Do not proceed to a higher altitude if you have AMS. […] The headache of AMS improves with rest, and medications such as ibuprofen (Motrin) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) are often sufficient. […] Oxygen breathing will improve symptoms rapidly, usually within minutes. […] Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a prescription medication that increases breathing, raises the blood oxygen level, speeds up acclimatization and therefore resolves AMS. […] Dexamethasone (Decadron) is a prescription steroid medication that reduces swelling in the brain and improves symptoms, but it is generally reserved for moderate to severe illness. […] A person with HACE MUST go down to a lower altitude. […] Oxygen and rest are the main treatments for HAPE. […] Children get the same symptoms of altitude illness as adults, and have the same incidence of AMS. […] The same principles of prevention in adults apply to children.

• #82 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #83 Altitude sickness – symptoms, treatments and causes | healthdirect

  https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can happen if you travel to a high elevation such as up a mountain. […] It happens when your body has not had time to adjust to the lower amount of oxygen. […] The main symptoms are a headache, cough, racing heart or trouble breathing. […] Altitude sickness is a medical emergency. […] If you have signs of altitude sickness affecting your lungs or brain, this is a medical emergency. You need help to come down the mountain as soon as possible. Breathing oxygen from a tank can help you. […] When on a mountain, watch for signs of a headache, cough, racing heart or trouble breathing. If this happens at high altitude, you need medical help immediately. […] If you have altitude sickness, you should stay where you are or go down the mountain until your symptoms disappear.

• #84 Altitude Sickness Information & Treatment

  https://www.columbiadoctors.org/health-library/condition/altitude-sickness/

  Altitude sickness can be dangerous. It is smart to take special care if you go high-altitude hiking or camping (like in the Rockies) or have plans for a vacation or trek in high-altitude countries like Peru, Ecuador, or Nepal. […] If you are going on a high-altitude trek, learn about altitude sickness, its symptoms, and how to treat it. Look out for other people in your group. […] The best treatment for altitude sickness is to go to a lower altitude. But if you have mild symptoms, you may be able to stay at that altitude and let your body get used to it. Symptoms often occur if you have just arrived at a mountain resort from a lower altitude. […] If you stay at a high altitude, rest. You can explore the area, but take it easy. Limit any walking or activity. Drink plenty of water, but do not drink alcohol. Do not go to a higher altitude until your symptoms go away. This may take from 12 hours to 3 or 4 days.

• #85 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Importantly, in HACE cases, these chambers should only be used as a means of acute/temporizing care (eg, to improve a patient’s ability to more safely participate in their evacuation in technical terrain). They should never be considered as a replacement for actual descent. […] Hospitalization is not indicated for AMS. Hospitalization is usually indicated for patients with HACE, depending on severity. Patients with focal neurologic deficits or persistent mental status changes should be admitted. After descent, care is supportive. […] Residual headache or nausea in patients with AMS should be treated symptomatically. Continue dexamethasone for 1-2 days after descent in patients with uncomplicated HACE or until the mental status clears in patients with severe HACE who require hospitalization.

• #86

  https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abn0652

  Altitude sickness can range from mild to life-threatening. With good planning, such as ascending slowly or taking certain medicines, it is often preventable. […] You may be able to prevent altitude sickness by taking your time when you go to high altitudes and using medicine in advance. […] Go to a lower altitude. This is the best treatment for altitude sickness. […] If you stay at a high altitude, rest. Limit any walking or activity. Drink plenty of water, but do not drink alcohol. Do not go to a higher altitude until your symptoms go away. This may take from 12 hours to 3 or 4 days. […] Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor or nurse advice line if you are having problems.

• #87 Altitude Sickness: Signs, Symptoms, Treatment, Medications, Death, Prevention

  https://www.emedicinehealth.com/mountain_sickness/article_em.htm

  Anyone with high-altitude cerebral edema or high-altitude pulmonary edema should be kept as comfortable as possible. […] Mild acute mountain sickness that resolves quickly usually does not need to require follow-up with a healthcare professional. […] Altitude sickness is preventable. […] The prognosis for acute altitude sickness is excellent as long as common sense is used.

• #88 Acute Mountain Sickness – Treatment : Emergency Care BC

  https://emergencycarebc.ca/clinical_resource/clinical-summary/acute-mountain-sickness-treatment/

  AMS is self-limiting and does not require observation after descent below 2500m. […] Council the patient that a history of AMS is a risk factor for AMS in the future. Acclimatization immediately prior to climbing and limiting ascent to 500m per day will reduce the likelihood of recurrence of AMS. […] Descent to lower elevation for the treatment of AMS is regarded as the most effective treatment for AMS in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with high quality evidence (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Dexamethasone for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with moderate quality evidence (observational studies and two double-blind randomized controlled trails with placebo groups) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines. […] Acetazolamide for treatment of AMS is strongly recommended with low quality evidence (a single randomized controlled trial limited to 12 participants) in current Wilderness Medicine Society guidelines.

• #89 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Importantly, in HACE cases, these chambers should only be used as a means of acute/temporizing care (eg, to improve a patient’s ability to more safely participate in their evacuation in technical terrain). They should never be considered as a replacement for actual descent. […] Hospitalization is not indicated for AMS. Hospitalization is usually indicated for patients with HACE, depending on severity. Patients with focal neurologic deficits or persistent mental status changes should be admitted. After descent, care is supportive. […] Residual headache or nausea in patients with AMS should be treated symptomatically. Continue dexamethasone for 1-2 days after descent in patients with uncomplicated HACE or until the mental status clears in patients with severe HACE who require hospitalization.

• #90 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/high-elevation-travel-and-altitude-illness

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. […] Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, „home” oxygen is readily available.

• #91

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=3268871&Journal_ID=54021&Issue_ID=3268325

  Recently, while attending a conference in Breckenridge, Colorado, participants were encouraged to practice several preventive strategies to avoid experiencing high altitude illness (HAI), also known as acute mountain sickness (Taylor, 2011). […] What can nurses do? Reviewing why HAI occurs with persons who anticipate travelling to higher altitude sites is a first step in helping with prevention. Once their understanding has been established, reinforce positive dietary practices. Maintaining adequate hydration, while avoiding over hydration is very important. Encourage them to eat complex carbohydrates such as fruit and whole grains. This information can be used to assist in taking proactive preventive measures.

• #92

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=3268871&Journal_ID=54021&Issue_ID=3268325

  Recently, while attending a conference in Breckenridge, Colorado, participants were encouraged to practice several preventive strategies to avoid experiencing high altitude illness (HAI), also known as acute mountain sickness (Taylor, 2011). […] What can nurses do? Reviewing why HAI occurs with persons who anticipate travelling to higher altitude sites is a first step in helping with prevention. Once their understanding has been established, reinforce positive dietary practices. Maintaining adequate hydration, while avoiding over hydration is very important. Encourage them to eat complex carbohydrates such as fruit and whole grains. This information can be used to assist in taking proactive preventive measures.

• #93 High-Altitude Travel and Altitude Illness | Yellow Book | CDC

  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/environmental-hazards-risks/high-elevation-travel-and-altitude-illness

  Healthcare professionals should provide international travelers visiting high altitudes with guidance on gradual acclimatization and medications to prevent altitude illness. […] Altitude illness can develop before the acute acclimatization process is complete, but not afterward. […] Travelers can optimize acclimatization by adjusting their itineraries to avoid going „too high too fast.” […] Acetazolamide speeds acclimatization and resolves AMS but is more commonly used and better validated for use as prophylaxis. […] The main point of instructing travelers about altitude illness is not to eliminate the possibility of mild illness but to prevent severe illness, need for evacuation, or death. […] Travelers with preexisting medical conditions must optimize their treatment and have their conditions stable before departure. […] Healthcare professionals advising travelers should know that in most high-altitude resorts and cities, „home” oxygen is readily available.

• #94 Altitude Sickness: What It Is, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15111-altitude-sickness

  Altitude sickness can refer to three distinct conditions: Acute mountain sickness (AMS), High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and High altitude cerebral edema (HACE). […] A healthcare provider can diagnose altitude sickness based on your symptoms and a physical exam. […] Theres only one way to cure altitude sickness outright: descend to a lower altitude. […] If you develop symptoms of altitude sickness, the best thing you can do right away is not make it worse. Stop ascending, or descend if you can. Resting and limiting exertion are also helpful. […] You should talk to a healthcare provider before traveling to a high-altitude destination. They can advise you on precautions to take thatll be helpful for your specific needs. […] You should get emergency medical care if you experience more serious symptoms of altitude sickness. […] The more severe forms of altitude sickness, HAPE and HACE, are life-threatening medical emergencies. They need immediate care.

• #95 Altitude Sickness Is Typically Mild But Can Sometimes Turn Very Serious − a High-Altitude Medicine Physician Explains How to Safely Prepare

  https://news.cuanschutz.edu/news-stories/altitude-sickness-is-typically-mild-but-can-sometimes-turn-very-serious-a-high-altitude-medicine-physician-explains-how-to-safely-prepare

  Altitude sickness, which most commonly refers to acute mountain sickness, presents a significant challenge to those traveling to and adventuring in high-altitude destinations. Its symptoms can range from mildly annoying to incapacitating and, in some cases, may progress to more life-threatening illnesses. […] When travelers do not properly acclimatize, they can be susceptible to life-threatening altitude illnesses, such as high-altitude pulmonary edema or high-altitude cerebral edema. These conditions are characterized by fluid accumulation within the tissues of the lungs and brain, respectively, and are the most severe forms of altitude sickness. […] High-altitude medicine experts and other physicians have known for decades that taking time to slowly ascend is the best way to prevent the development of altitude sickness.

• #96 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Management of AMS follows 3 axioms: (1) no further ascent until symptoms resolve, (2) descend to a lower altitude if no improvement occurs with medical therapy, and (3) at the first sign of HACE, descend immediately. Predicting the eventual severity from the initial clinical presentation is not possible, and patients must be watched closely for progression of illness. […] Descent to an altitude below that where symptoms started is always effective treatment but may not be practical or possible given the topography, weather, the patient’s ultimate trekking or climbing goals, or group resources. Accordingly, a descent of 500-1,000 m is usually sufficient. […] Acetazolamide accelerates acclimatization and thus quickens resolution of the illness, but this may still require 12-24 hours; it is of limited value in HACE because of its relatively slow action. Acetazolamide can be taken episodically without fear of rebound symptoms when it is discontinued. Dexamethasone swiftly reverses symptoms (2-4 h) but does not improve acclimatization. It is the drug of choice for treating HACE and should be given early. Both agents may be used to treat AMS if the victim does not descend. Oxygen is extremely effective, but availability is often limited.

• #97 Altitude Illness – Cerebral Syndromes Treatment & Management: Prehospital Care, Emergency Department Care, Consultations

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768478-treatment

  Management of AMS follows 3 axioms: (1) no further ascent until symptoms resolve, (2) descend to a lower altitude if no improvement occurs with medical therapy, and (3) at the first sign of HACE, descend immediately. Predicting the eventual severity from the initial clinical presentation is not possible, and patients must be watched closely for progression of illness. […] Descent to an altitude below that where symptoms started is always effective treatment but may not be practical or possible given the topography, weather, the patient’s ultimate trekking or climbing goals, or group resources. Accordingly, a descent of 500-1,000 m is usually sufficient. […] Acetazolamide accelerates acclimatization and thus quickens resolution of the illness, but this may still require 12-24 hours; it is of limited value in HACE because of its relatively slow action. Acetazolamide can be taken episodically without fear of rebound symptoms when it is discontinued. Dexamethasone swiftly reverses symptoms (2-4 h) but does not improve acclimatization. It is the drug of choice for treating HACE and should be given early. Both agents may be used to treat AMS if the victim does not descend. Oxygen is extremely effective, but availability is often limited.

• #98

  https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=3268871&Journal_ID=54021&Issue_ID=3268325

  Recently, while attending a conference in Breckenridge, Colorado, participants were encouraged to practice several preventive strategies to avoid experiencing high altitude illness (HAI), also known as acute mountain sickness (Taylor, 2011). […] What can nurses do? Reviewing why HAI occurs with persons who anticipate travelling to higher altitude sites is a first step in helping with prevention. Once their understanding has been established, reinforce positive dietary practices. Maintaining adequate hydration, while avoiding over hydration is very important. Encourage them to eat complex carbohydrates such as fruit and whole grains. This information can be used to assist in taking proactive preventive measures.

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