Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Definition and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Small vessel ischemic disease is very common in older adults. If left untreated, it can contribute to mental decline, strokes, walking and balance problems, and dementia. […] Many older adults especially those with a mild form of the disease have no symptoms, even though there are areas of damage in the brain. This is called silent disease. In one study, up to 20 percent of healthy elderly people had silent damage in their brain, most of which was caused by small vessel disease. […] More severe small vessel disease can cause symptoms like these: loss of thinking skills (cognitive impairment), problems with walking and balance, depression. […] If small vessel disease causes a stroke, symptoms can include: numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, vision loss in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden, severe headache. […] Ischemic small-vessel disease can be very serious, leading to stroke, dementia, and death if it isnt treated. It causes about 45 percent of dementia cases and 20 percent of strokes.

• #2 Guide to Understanding Microvascular Ischemic Disease

  https://www.careinsurance.com/blog/health-insurance-articles/microvascular-ischemic-disease-symptoms-and-treatment

  Microvascular ischemic brain disease is considered a silent condition, meaning most individuals with it don’t feel noticeable signs. […] In more severe cases of small vessel disease, symptoms can include: Cognitive impairment (loss of thinking skills), Issues with walking and balance, Depression. […] If small vessel disease leads to a stroke, symptoms may involve: Numbness, especially on bodys one side, Sudden confusion, Vision loss in one or both eyes, Difficulty speaking or understanding, Dizziness, Loss of coordination, Sudden, extreme headache. […] This condition is prevalent among older adults and, if untreated, can contribute to cognitive decline, dementia, stroke, and difficulties with walking. Depending on the severity of these changes, complications can range from difficulty focusing to experiencing a stroke.

• #3 Small vessel disease – Symptoms & causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/small-vessel-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352117

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack.

• #4 Coronary Microvascular Disease (Small Vessel Disease): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21052-microvascular-coronary-disease

  The primary symptom is a type of chest pain called angina that lasts 10 minutes or longer, even when resting. Pain may increase with mental stress and, less often, with physical exertion. Microvascular coronary disease symptoms can make it challenging to go about daily life. […] Symptoms may also include: Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Sleep issues, including insomnia. […] Coronary microvascular disease happens when there’s a disruption of blood flow through the heart’s smallest blood vessels. Unlike coronary artery disease, which is due to a blockage, microvascular heart disease (small vessel disease) occurs when there’s blood vessel damage. The condition causes lasting chest pain and raises your heart attack risk.

• #5 Small Vessel Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/small-vessel-disease/

  Small vessel disease symptoms often mimic those of a heart attack. Some of the symptoms include the following: […] Chest pain, fullness, discomfort or pressure. […] Discomfort or pain in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach. […] Lightheadedness/Fainting […] Fatigue […] Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) of over 100 beats per minute. […] Heart palpitations […] Shortness of breath […] Nausea and/or vomiting […] Sweating.

• #6 Small Vessel Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease symptoms often mimic those of a heart attack. If you have small vessel disease, you may experience symptoms including: shortness of breath, fatigue, sweating, nausea, dizziness, fainting, pain in your mandible, neck, left shoulder, arm, back, or abdomen, anginal chest pain and pressure, typically lasting longer than 10 minutes. […] You might experience these symptoms after routine daily activity or times of stress. Typical chest pain from this condition can last anywhere from 11 to 30 minutes or more. […] If left untreated, small vessel disease can be life threatening.

• #7 Coronary Microvascular Disease | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/coronary-microvascular-disease-mvd

  Women with coronary MVD often have microvascular angina, a kind of chest pain. They might have chest pain that lasts a long time and happens at rest. […] Other signs and symptoms of coronary MVD: Shortness of breath, Sleep problems, Fatigue, Lack of energy. […] People with coronary MVD often first notice symptoms during daily activities and mental stress. This is different from major coronary artery disease, where symptoms usually appear during exercise.

• #8 Small Vessel Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments

  https://www.healthline.com/health/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease symptoms often mimic those of a heart attack. If you have small vessel disease, you may experience symptoms including: shortness of breath, fatigue, sweating, nausea, dizziness, fainting, pain in your mandible, neck, left shoulder, arm, back, or abdomen, anginal chest pain and pressure, typically lasting longer than 10 minutes. […] You might experience these symptoms after routine daily activity or times of stress. Typical chest pain from this condition can last anywhere from 11 to 30 minutes or more. […] If left untreated, small vessel disease can be life threatening.

• #9 Coronary Microvascular Disease (Small Vessel Disease): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21052-microvascular-coronary-disease

  The primary symptom is a type of chest pain called angina that lasts 10 minutes or longer, even when resting. Pain may increase with mental stress and, less often, with physical exertion. Microvascular coronary disease symptoms can make it challenging to go about daily life. […] Symptoms may also include: Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Sleep issues, including insomnia. […] Coronary microvascular disease happens when there’s a disruption of blood flow through the heart’s smallest blood vessels. Unlike coronary artery disease, which is due to a blockage, microvascular heart disease (small vessel disease) occurs when there’s blood vessel damage. The condition causes lasting chest pain and raises your heart attack risk.

• #10 Coronary Microvascular Disease | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/coronary-microvascular-disease-mvd

  Women with coronary MVD often have microvascular angina, a kind of chest pain. They might have chest pain that lasts a long time and happens at rest. […] Other signs and symptoms of coronary MVD: Shortness of breath, Sleep problems, Fatigue, Lack of energy. […] People with coronary MVD often first notice symptoms during daily activities and mental stress. This is different from major coronary artery disease, where symptoms usually appear during exercise.

• #11 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6300773/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is composed of several diseases affecting the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain, and refers to several pathological processes and etiologies. The main clinical manifestations of CSVD include stroke, cognitive decline, dementia, psychiatric disorders, abnormal gait, and urinary incontinence. […] CSVD is thought to be among the main causes of vascular cognitive impairment, and is thought to account for about 45% of dementia cases, which is also associated with so-called silent lacunar infarcts which are asymptomatic infarcts with definite lesions on neuroimaging. Cognitive decline caused by CSVD presents with executive dysfunctions, attention and memory decline, set-shifting disabilities, slower speed of information processing, decline of verbal fluency, and delayed recall. […] The clinical manifestations of CSVD vary depending on the specific cause of the disease, as well as the brain regions affected. Individuals may present sudden onset stroke symptoms, progressive cognitive deterioration, dementia, gait disorder, sphincter dysfunctions, and psychiatric disorders, etc.

• #12 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  Cerebral small vessel disease includes various conditions in which small blood vessels in the brain are damaged, often causing stroke. CSVD causes impaired blood flow to the brain, or ischemic disease, which can be associated with dementia if it progresses. It is most common in older adults. […] Symptoms vary, and unfortunately are not usually present until a later stage of the disease. Symptoms of small vessel disease in the brain can include: Forgetfulness, Fatigue, Difficulty thinking clearly and communicating, Difficulty walking, Difficulty with balance, Depression, Strokes, Slurred speech, Difficulty swallowing. […] Our experts are working to understand how the damage caused in CSVD disrupts the brains communication networks. Using advanced MRI imaging technology and computational resources, they are building a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain called a connectome to learn how these connections are disrupted in CSVD over time.

• #13 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  Cerebral small vessel disease includes various conditions in which small blood vessels in the brain are damaged, often causing stroke. CSVD causes impaired blood flow to the brain, or ischemic disease, which can be associated with dementia if it progresses. It is most common in older adults. […] Symptoms vary, and unfortunately are not usually present until a later stage of the disease. Symptoms of small vessel disease in the brain can include: Forgetfulness, Fatigue, Difficulty thinking clearly and communicating, Difficulty walking, Difficulty with balance, Depression, Strokes, Slurred speech, Difficulty swallowing. […] Our experts are working to understand how the damage caused in CSVD disrupts the brains communication networks. Using advanced MRI imaging technology and computational resources, they are building a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain called a connectome to learn how these connections are disrupted in CSVD over time.

• #14 Understanding Small Blood Vessel Disease of the Brain

  https://www.careinsurance.com/blog/health-insurance-articles/what-are-the-symptoms-of-small-vessel-disease-of-the-brain

  Small blood vessels in the brain have a major role in supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Any abnormality related to the working of the small blood vessels is referred to as small vessel disease brain. […] The severity of the small vessel disease brain can differ from person to person. In mild cases, the person may not experience noticeable symptoms even though the disease exists. However, in severe cases, it can be easy to spot the symptoms and understand the problem. Small vessel disease of the brain symptoms are: Problem in thinking or loss of thinking capabilities. It may also be termed cognitive impairment, Balancing problems, Problem in walking, Depression. […] These are the symptoms of a severe case of small blood vessel disease. In some cases, the condition also causes stroke. In such a situation, the symptoms can be: Weakness of one side of the body or a feeling of numbness, Trouble in speaking or understanding what others say, Loss of vision, Confusion, Dizziness, Severe headache, Loss of balance.

• #15

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9806465/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes lacunar stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, and is the most common pathology underlying vascular cognitive impairment. […] Increasingly, the importance of other clinical features of SVD is being recognized including motor impairment, (vascular) parkinsonism, impaired balance, falls, and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, and personality change. […] Its most common clinical presentations are with lacunar stroke and cognitive impairment, but increasingly the importance of other features is being recognized. These include motor impairment, (vascular) parkinsonism, impaired balance, falls, and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, and personality change. Consequently, SVD is a major risk factor for transition to disability and a nursing home.

• #16 What is cerebral Small Vessel Disease? | Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences

  https://clinical-brain-sciences.ed.ac.uk/row-fogo-centre-for-research-into-ageing-and-the-brain/what-is-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  People with cerebral small vessel disease may be prone to strokes and dementia. […] Most people do not have symptoms from cerebral small vessel disease, but some do. The symptoms it can lead to include: […] Ischaemic stroke: A blocked small blood vessel leads to a small area of brain damage. This is called a lacunar stroke. Lacunar stroke can lead to sudden weakness or loss of sensation down one side of the body, clumsiness, double vision and speech disturbance. Most people with SVD do not develop a stroke. […] Intracerebral haemorrhage: A burst small blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain and results in symptoms. This is called a haemorrhagic stroke. Intracerebral haemorrhage (or stroke due to bleeding) can lead to sudden weakness, speech, and vision problems. They can be very severe but are rare and most people with SVD do not develop a haemorrhage.

• #17 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Definition and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Small vessel ischemic disease is very common in older adults. If left untreated, it can contribute to mental decline, strokes, walking and balance problems, and dementia. […] Many older adults especially those with a mild form of the disease have no symptoms, even though there are areas of damage in the brain. This is called silent disease. In one study, up to 20 percent of healthy elderly people had silent damage in their brain, most of which was caused by small vessel disease. […] More severe small vessel disease can cause symptoms like these: loss of thinking skills (cognitive impairment), problems with walking and balance, depression. […] If small vessel disease causes a stroke, symptoms can include: numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, vision loss in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden, severe headache. […] Ischemic small-vessel disease can be very serious, leading to stroke, dementia, and death if it isnt treated. It causes about 45 percent of dementia cases and 20 percent of strokes.

• #18 Understanding Small Blood Vessel Disease of the Brain

  https://www.careinsurance.com/blog/health-insurance-articles/what-are-the-symptoms-of-small-vessel-disease-of-the-brain

  Small blood vessels in the brain have a major role in supplying oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Any abnormality related to the working of the small blood vessels is referred to as small vessel disease brain. […] The severity of the small vessel disease brain can differ from person to person. In mild cases, the person may not experience noticeable symptoms even though the disease exists. However, in severe cases, it can be easy to spot the symptoms and understand the problem. Small vessel disease of the brain symptoms are: Problem in thinking or loss of thinking capabilities. It may also be termed cognitive impairment, Balancing problems, Problem in walking, Depression. […] These are the symptoms of a severe case of small blood vessel disease. In some cases, the condition also causes stroke. In such a situation, the symptoms can be: Weakness of one side of the body or a feeling of numbness, Trouble in speaking or understanding what others say, Loss of vision, Confusion, Dizziness, Severe headache, Loss of balance.

• #19 Microvascular ischemic brain disease: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327112

  Microvascular ischemic brain disease is a silent disease, which means that most people who have it do not experience noticeable symptoms in the early stages. […] The symptoms of microvascular ischemic brain disease can range from mild to severe, depending on the specific location in the brain and the extent of the damage. […] People who have mild forms of microvascular ischemic brain disease may have no symptoms, which is also called a silent stroke. However, if a person experiences a stroke in an area of the brain associated with specific functions or has multiple strokes, they may experience: difficulty thinking, memory loss, issues communicating, sudden confusion, depression, anxiety. […] Small vessel disease accounts for up to 25 percent of all strokes. The symptoms of a stroke include: weakness in one side of the body, numbness in the face, arms, or legs, loss of balance and coordination, slurred speech, dizziness, vision problems, confusion.

• #20 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is commonly found on elderly patients CT and MRI scans and is linked to vascular risk factors, cognitive and motor impairment, and, in some cases, dementia or parkinsons disease. […] The ability to think will eventually become more challenging for someone with CSVD. They will also have steadily deteriorating balance problems. […] The progressive disease CSVD is age-related. Because it is age-related, older people are typically affected. Progressive describes something that progressively becomes worse. The prognosis for CSVD after a diagnosis depends on the speed it progresses and the severity of any other conditions it may cause, like stroke and dementia. […] Many elderly people with cerebral SVD will show no symptoms at all. This is referred to as silent CSVD.

• #21 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190206/Absentmindedness-points-to-earlier-symptoms-of-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.aspx

  Adults who notice that they frequently lose their train of thought or often become sidetracked may in fact be displaying earlier symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease, otherwise known as a „silent stroke,” suggests a recent study. […] Despite a lack of obvious symptoms, cerebral small vessel disease causes damage to the brain’s white matter (responsible for communication among regions), which can cause memory and cognitive issues over time. […] The strokes are „silent” since they don’t cause lasting major changes seen with an overt stroke, such as affecting a person’s ability to speak or paralysis.

• #22 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  Signs of cerebral small vessel disease. From Inzitari et al, BMJ. 2009 Jul 6;339:b2477. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2477. This article is about the most common aging brain problem that you may have never heard of. While leading a fall prevention workshop a few years ago, I mentioned that an older persons walking and balance problems might well be related to the presence of small vessel ischemic changes in the brain, which are very common in aging adults. (This is also called white matter disease.) […] In fact, one study of older adults aged 60-90 found that 95% of them showed signs of these changes on brain MRI. […] Furthermore, these changes have been associated with problems of consequence to older adults, including: Cognitive decline, Problems with walking or balance, Strokes, Vascular dementia.

• #23 Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease | Stroke and Vascular Neurology

  https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/3/83

  The evolution of WMH also varies. The single strongest predictor of WMH progression is high baseline WMH, with little progression in punctate WMH but rapid progression in confluent WMHs. […] There is increasing evidence showing that CSVD is more dynamic than originally thought. Lesions progress over time and the long-term outcome and impact on brain damage vary.

• #24 Disease mechanisms and markers of progression in cerebral small vessel disease

  https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/0be22ef2-09fe-45ae-9924-39e677a04017

  Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common disease process accounting for a quarter of all ischaemic strokes, around 80% of haemorrhagic strokes, and is the major contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. […] WMHs typically expand at 2.50 3.02 cc/year in patients with SVD and this is significantly more likely in patients with hypertension and who currently smoke. […] I found only 12/417 participants (2.9%) who showed modest WMH regression on longitudinal imaging, and this was more likely in patients with less severe disease at baseline. […] These disease processes did not predict disease progression at one year. […] My results investigating WMH regression suggest that this is unlikely to be a significant factor in severe SVD.

• #25 Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease | Stroke and Vascular Neurology

  https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/3/83

  The evolution of WMH also varies. The single strongest predictor of WMH progression is high baseline WMH, with little progression in punctate WMH but rapid progression in confluent WMHs. […] There is increasing evidence showing that CSVD is more dynamic than originally thought. Lesions progress over time and the long-term outcome and impact on brain damage vary.

• #26

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  The contributing phenomena attributed to cognitive decline as a result of small vessel disease include: White Matter Hyperintensities – Areas of white matter lesions that appear bright white on an MRI scan. The development of white matter hyperintensities may be mediated by cumulative exposure to hypertension (i.e., high blood pressure) and contributes to cognitive decline and dementia. […] Cerebral Microbleeds – Small deposits of blood waste products (mainly hemosiderin) that accumulate when blood escapes from nearby damaged small vessels, as called a hemorrhage. Age and hypertension contribute to the formation of cerebral microbleeds. […] Lacunes (from the Latin for „little lakes”) – Areas of empty space on an MRI scan where chronic ischemia (inadequate blood flow) has resulted in tissue death, often following chronic cerebral microbleeds. Increased burden of lacunes is associated with cognitive decline and gait disturbances in older adults.

• #27

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  Enlarged Perivascular Spaces – A build-up of interstitial fluid that is unable to be exchanged with fresh serum flowing through adjacent blood vessels. Enlarged perivascular spaces compromise waste removal by the glymphatic system, increasing brain concentrations of toxins, such as amyloid-beta, which contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. […] Brain Atrophy – A loss of tissue mass that occurs when the brain must downsize the number of neurons and neuronal connections it supports due to chronic deprivation of nutrients and growth factors and accumulation of waste. Brain atrophy can be measured in midlife prior to the development of cognitive impairments and is more pronounced in adults with obesity compared to adults with a lean BMI. […] Endothelial dysfunction compromises the integrity of neurovascular units, increasing the concentration of toxins and pathogens in the brain and accelerating brain aging.

• #28

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  Enlarged Perivascular Spaces – A build-up of interstitial fluid that is unable to be exchanged with fresh serum flowing through adjacent blood vessels. Enlarged perivascular spaces compromise waste removal by the glymphatic system, increasing brain concentrations of toxins, such as amyloid-beta, which contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. […] Brain Atrophy – A loss of tissue mass that occurs when the brain must downsize the number of neurons and neuronal connections it supports due to chronic deprivation of nutrients and growth factors and accumulation of waste. Brain atrophy can be measured in midlife prior to the development of cognitive impairments and is more pronounced in adults with obesity compared to adults with a lean BMI. […] Endothelial dysfunction compromises the integrity of neurovascular units, increasing the concentration of toxins and pathogens in the brain and accelerating brain aging.

• #29 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #30 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #31 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #32 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #33 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #34 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #35 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #36 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #37 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #38 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #39 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #40 Early Onset Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Symptoms and Progression

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/research-grants/2019/cerebral-diseases-14/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common feature of the ageing brain, associated with up to 45% increased dementia risk and 20% increased risk of strokes. […] If not treated, OSA has been reported to promote CSVD progression. […] There is currently no MRI protocol able to identify early stage CSVD or to monitor disease progression in the early stages. […] Thus, the project aims to develop a novel brain MRI protocol able to characterise early CSVD using people with OSA as a high risk population, with the objectives of developing clinical recommendations.

• #41 Assessing the effectiveness of statin therapy for alleviating cerebral small vessel disease progression in people ≥75 years of age | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-020-01682-w

  Our findings indicated that statin therapy alleviated the progression of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS without elevating the risk of microbleeds. On the basis of the observed results, we concluded that statin therapy is an efficient and safe intervention for CSVD in adults 75 years of age. […] The risks of the progression of WMH (HR: 0.517, 95% CI: 0.338 to 0.791), lacunes (HR: 0.446, 95% CI: 0.290 to 0.686), and EPVS (HR: 0.608, 95% CI: 0.409 to 0.905) were significantly lower in the statin group than the non-statin group. […] We found that statin therapy markedly ameliorated the risks of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS progression; and statin therapy had neither beneficial nor detrimental effects on microbleed progression. […] In conclusion, we found that statin therapy alleviated the progression of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS without elevating the risk of cerebral microbleeds in adults 75 years of age. Our findings indicated that statin therapy was an efficient and safe intervention for CSVD.

• #42 Understanding Chronic Small Vessel Ischemic Disease

  https://craftbodyscan.com/blog/chronic-small-vessel-ischemic-disease/

  Stroke-Like Symptoms: Weakness or numbness, particularly on one side of the body, or trouble speaking. […] Persistent Headaches: Vascular-related headaches may become more common. […] Catching chronic small vessel ischemic disease early is critical. Left unchecked, it can lead to serious complications, including: […] Stroke: Damage to small vessels increases the likelihood of an ischemic stroke. […] Dementia: Chronic small vessel ischemic disease is one of the leading causes of vascular dementia, a type of cognitive decline caused by restricted blood flow to the brain. […] Mobility Issues: Changes in the brains motor pathways can make walking and daily activities challenging. […] Emotional Strain: The condition can lead to frustration, depression, and anxiety as cognitive or physical symptoms progress.

• #43 What is cerebral Small Vessel Disease? | Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences

  https://clinical-brain-sciences.ed.ac.uk/row-fogo-centre-for-research-into-ageing-and-the-brain/what-is-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  Mild cognitive impairment or dementia: Brain damage associated with small vessel disease can lead to progressive slowness of thought and memory problems. This can range from mild cognitive impairment, i.e. cognitive problems that do not impact on day-to-day activities, to dementia, which affects activities of daily living. Most people with SVD do not develop mild cognitive impairment. […] If small vessel disease is the only change leading to dementia, it is called vascular dementia; if small vessel disease coexists with other brain changes, it is called mixed dementia. Most people with small vessel disease do not develop dementia. People who have mild cognitive impairment do not always develop dementia. […] Other symptoms: Some people have symptoms that can be due to small vessel disease that are hard to diagnose and often have other causes, like slowness of walking, poor balance, problems with mood, and poor bladder control.

• #44 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Cerebral CSVD has been linked to a slew of issues, particularly when it is moderate or severe. These are some of them: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, including this one, have linked cerebral CSVD to lower results on the Mini-Mental State Exam. Vascular cognitive impairment is a term used to describe issues with thinking skills that are linked to CSVD. […] Problems with walking and balance. Gait abnormalities and mobility issues have been linked to white matter lesions on numerous occasions. The loss in gait and balance function was linked to moderate or severe cerebral CSVD, according to a 2013 study. […] Strokes. White matter hyperintensities are linked to a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke, according to a 2010 meta-analysis. […] Depression. White matter changes have been linked to an increased risk of depression in the elderly and may be a contributing factor to depression in persons who are experiencing it for the first time later in life.

• #45 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #46 What is cerebral Small Vessel Disease? | Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences

  https://clinical-brain-sciences.ed.ac.uk/row-fogo-centre-for-research-into-ageing-and-the-brain/what-is-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  People with cerebral small vessel disease may be prone to strokes and dementia. […] Most people do not have symptoms from cerebral small vessel disease, but some do. The symptoms it can lead to include: […] Ischaemic stroke: A blocked small blood vessel leads to a small area of brain damage. This is called a lacunar stroke. Lacunar stroke can lead to sudden weakness or loss of sensation down one side of the body, clumsiness, double vision and speech disturbance. Most people with SVD do not develop a stroke. […] Intracerebral haemorrhage: A burst small blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain and results in symptoms. This is called a haemorrhagic stroke. Intracerebral haemorrhage (or stroke due to bleeding) can lead to sudden weakness, speech, and vision problems. They can be very severe but are rare and most people with SVD do not develop a haemorrhage.

• #47 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  The severity of symptoms tends to correspond to whether radiological imaging shows the white matter changes to be mild, moderate, or severe. Many older adults with cerebral SVD will have no noticeable symptoms. This is sometimes called silent SVD. But many problems have been associated with cerebral SVD, especially when it is moderate or severe. These include: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, such as this one, have found that cerebral SVD is correlated with worse scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam. When problems with thinking skills are associated with SVD, this can be called vascular cognitive impairment. Problems with walking and balance. White matter lesions have been repeatedly associated with gait disturbances and mobility difficulties. A 2013 study found that moderate or severe cerebral SVD was associated with a decline in gait and balance function. Strokes. A 2010 meta-analysis concluded that white matter hyperintensities are associated with a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Depression. White matter changes have been associated with a higher risk of depression in older people, and may represent a contributor to depression that is particular to having first-time depression in later life. Vascular dementia. Signs of cerebral SVD are associated with both having vascular dementia, and eventually developing vascular dementia. Other dementias. Research suggests that cerebral SVD is also associated with an increased risk or increased severity of other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. Autopsy studies have confirmed that many older adults with dementia show signs of both Alzheimers pathology and cerebral small vessel disease. Transition to disability or death. In a 2009 study of 639 non-disabled older persons (mean age 74), over a three-year follow-up period, 29.5% of participants with severe white matter changes and 15.1% of participants with moderate white matter changes developed disabilities or died. In comparison, only 10.5% of participants with mild white matter changes transitioned to disability or death over three years. The researchers concluded that severity of cerebral SVD is an important risk factor for overall decline in older adults.

• #48 Understanding Chronic Small Vessel Ischemic Disease

  https://craftbodyscan.com/blog/chronic-small-vessel-ischemic-disease/

  Stroke-Like Symptoms: Weakness or numbness, particularly on one side of the body, or trouble speaking. […] Persistent Headaches: Vascular-related headaches may become more common. […] Catching chronic small vessel ischemic disease early is critical. Left unchecked, it can lead to serious complications, including: […] Stroke: Damage to small vessels increases the likelihood of an ischemic stroke. […] Dementia: Chronic small vessel ischemic disease is one of the leading causes of vascular dementia, a type of cognitive decline caused by restricted blood flow to the brain. […] Mobility Issues: Changes in the brains motor pathways can make walking and daily activities challenging. […] Emotional Strain: The condition can lead to frustration, depression, and anxiety as cognitive or physical symptoms progress.

• #49 Small vessel disease // Middlesex Health

  https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Discomfort in the left arm, jaw, neck, back or abdomen along with chest pain […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain.

• #50 Small vessel disease | Altru Health System

  https://www.altru.org/health-library/conditions/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain.

• #51 Small Vessel Disease – Angina – Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/small-vessel-disease/

  Angina is the most common symptom of small vessel disease. Angina feels like pain or pressure in your chest. It can make you sweat or make it hard to catch your breath. The pain can spread to your arm, neck, jaw, or shoulder. The symptom is similar to a heart attack. […] Other symptoms of small vessel disease include: Shortness of breath, Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, Fatigue, Fainting. […] Most people who have small vessel disease notice symptoms in their daily routine. You also can have them when you are active or stressed. If left untreated, small vessel disease forces your heart to work harder to pump blood. This puts you at risk for heart attack and heart failure. […] Your doctor will want routine check-ups to monitor how you are doing. The frequency of these check-ups will depend on the severity of your disease. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any new symptoms. Also tell your doctor if you’ve ever had anemia. Anemia is a condition marked by low red blood cell count. It can increase your risk of heart attack.

• #52 Small Vessel Disease

  https://www.rwjbh.org/treatment-care/heart-and-vascular-care/diseases-conditions/small-vessel-disease/

  Small vessel disease symptoms often mimic those of a heart attack. Some of the symptoms include the following: […] Chest pain, fullness, discomfort or pressure. […] Discomfort or pain in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach. […] Lightheadedness/Fainting […] Fatigue […] Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) of over 100 beats per minute. […] Heart palpitations […] Shortness of breath […] Nausea and/or vomiting […] Sweating.

• #53 Coronary Microvascular Disease (Small Vessel Disease): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21052-microvascular-coronary-disease

  The primary symptom is a type of chest pain called angina that lasts 10 minutes or longer, even when resting. Pain may increase with mental stress and, less often, with physical exertion. Microvascular coronary disease symptoms can make it challenging to go about daily life. […] Symptoms may also include: Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Sleep issues, including insomnia. […] Coronary microvascular disease happens when there’s a disruption of blood flow through the heart’s smallest blood vessels. Unlike coronary artery disease, which is due to a blockage, microvascular heart disease (small vessel disease) occurs when there’s blood vessel damage. The condition causes lasting chest pain and raises your heart attack risk.

• #54 Small Vessel Disease I Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/heart-vascular/cardiology/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease can cause chest pain and symptoms similar to a heart attack, including: […] The chest pain often occurs during activity. […] Studies have shown that women with ongoing chest pain (even with normal main heart arteries) have a higher incidence of cardiac events than those without chest pain. These women are often undiagnosed and untreated for small vessel disease.

• #55 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22927-microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Microvascular ischemic disease is a brain condition that commonly affects older people. Untreated, it can lead to dementia, stroke and difficulty walking. […] Microvascular ischemic disease is a very common condition in older people. According to estimates, it causes 45% of dementia and 25% of strokes. […] Healthcare providers often call microvascular ischemic disease a silent disease. Symptoms may be subtle and often go unnoticed. This is easy to do since people may attribute symptoms to normal signs of aging. […] In some older adults, symptoms become moderate or severe. The condition also affects various systems, so symptoms can be wide-ranging, such as: […] Microvascular ischemic disease increases your chance of having a stroke. So, its important to go to the emergency room immediately if youre experiencing sudden: […] Microvascular ischemic disease can range from mild to severe. It can lead to mood changes and problems with thinking and walking.

• #56 Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650

  Small vessel disease, a disorder of cerebral microvessels, is an expanding epidemic and a common cause of stroke and dementia. […] Although SVD can be asymptomatic, it commonly coexists with neurodegenerative diseases and can exacerbate cognitive impairment, increase the risk of stroke, and worsen outcome after stroke. […] In fact, SVD is an enormous health burden, causing about 25% of ischemic strokes and most hemorrhagic strokes, is the most common cause of vascular dementia, and contributes to about half of dementias worldwide. […] The spectrum of SVD includes white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, microbleeds, superficial siderosis, prominent perivascular spaces, microinfarcts, and brain atrophy. […] The exact pathogenesis of SVD is incompletely understood, but the most common abnormalities are diffuse arteriolosclerosis, lipohyalinosis, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arterioles.

• #57 Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650

  Small vessel disease, a disorder of cerebral microvessels, is an expanding epidemic and a common cause of stroke and dementia. […] Although SVD can be asymptomatic, it commonly coexists with neurodegenerative diseases and can exacerbate cognitive impairment, increase the risk of stroke, and worsen outcome after stroke. […] In fact, SVD is an enormous health burden, causing about 25% of ischemic strokes and most hemorrhagic strokes, is the most common cause of vascular dementia, and contributes to about half of dementias worldwide. […] The spectrum of SVD includes white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, microbleeds, superficial siderosis, prominent perivascular spaces, microinfarcts, and brain atrophy. […] The exact pathogenesis of SVD is incompletely understood, but the most common abnormalities are diffuse arteriolosclerosis, lipohyalinosis, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arterioles.

• #58 Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650

  Small vessel disease, a disorder of cerebral microvessels, is an expanding epidemic and a common cause of stroke and dementia. […] Although SVD can be asymptomatic, it commonly coexists with neurodegenerative diseases and can exacerbate cognitive impairment, increase the risk of stroke, and worsen outcome after stroke. […] In fact, SVD is an enormous health burden, causing about 25% of ischemic strokes and most hemorrhagic strokes, is the most common cause of vascular dementia, and contributes to about half of dementias worldwide. […] The spectrum of SVD includes white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin, recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, microbleeds, superficial siderosis, prominent perivascular spaces, microinfarcts, and brain atrophy. […] The exact pathogenesis of SVD is incompletely understood, but the most common abnormalities are diffuse arteriolosclerosis, lipohyalinosis, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arterioles.

• #59 A Small Vessel Disease syndrome? Symptoms associated with cerebral SVD progression and incident infarcts after minor stroke | British Geriatrics Society

  https://www.bgs.org.uk/a-small-vessel-disease-syndrome-symptoms-associated-with-cerebral-svd-progression-and-incident

  Small vessel disease (SVD) lesions may cause symptoms apart from stroke. We aimed to determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression and incident infarcts associate with gait, mood, and cognitive symptoms. […] WMH progression over one year was associated with falls (OR=4.13 [95% CI=1.6-10.1]); self-reported brain fog (OR=3.13 [95% CI=1.11-8.82]); and increasing NPI-Q scores (est=2.12 [95% CI=0.46-3.77] p=0.012). Baseline and one-year WMH volumes were cross-sectionally associated with apathy (baseline OR=8.78 [95% CI=2.56-31.88]; one-year OR=4.83 [95% CI=1.43-17.26]). […] SVD progression following minor stroke co-associates with specific gait/cognitive/mood symptoms. WMH progression and incident infarcts may cause non-focal, non-stroke symptoms which characterise a potential SVD syndrome.

• #60 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Cerebral CSVD has been linked to a slew of issues, particularly when it is moderate or severe. These are some of them: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, including this one, have linked cerebral CSVD to lower results on the Mini-Mental State Exam. Vascular cognitive impairment is a term used to describe issues with thinking skills that are linked to CSVD. […] Problems with walking and balance. Gait abnormalities and mobility issues have been linked to white matter lesions on numerous occasions. The loss in gait and balance function was linked to moderate or severe cerebral CSVD, according to a 2013 study. […] Strokes. White matter hyperintensities are linked to a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke, according to a 2010 meta-analysis. […] Depression. White matter changes have been linked to an increased risk of depression in the elderly and may be a contributing factor to depression in persons who are experiencing it for the first time later in life.

• #61

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9806465/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) causes lacunar stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, and is the most common pathology underlying vascular cognitive impairment. […] Increasingly, the importance of other clinical features of SVD is being recognized including motor impairment, (vascular) parkinsonism, impaired balance, falls, and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, and personality change. […] Its most common clinical presentations are with lacunar stroke and cognitive impairment, but increasingly the importance of other features is being recognized. These include motor impairment, (vascular) parkinsonism, impaired balance, falls, and behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, and personality change. Consequently, SVD is a major risk factor for transition to disability and a nursing home.

• #62 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  The severity of symptoms tends to correspond to whether radiological imaging shows the white matter changes to be mild, moderate, or severe. Many older adults with cerebral SVD will have no noticeable symptoms. This is sometimes called silent SVD. But many problems have been associated with cerebral SVD, especially when it is moderate or severe. These include: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, such as this one, have found that cerebral SVD is correlated with worse scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam. When problems with thinking skills are associated with SVD, this can be called vascular cognitive impairment. Problems with walking and balance. White matter lesions have been repeatedly associated with gait disturbances and mobility difficulties. A 2013 study found that moderate or severe cerebral SVD was associated with a decline in gait and balance function. Strokes. A 2010 meta-analysis concluded that white matter hyperintensities are associated with a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Depression. White matter changes have been associated with a higher risk of depression in older people, and may represent a contributor to depression that is particular to having first-time depression in later life. Vascular dementia. Signs of cerebral SVD are associated with both having vascular dementia, and eventually developing vascular dementia. Other dementias. Research suggests that cerebral SVD is also associated with an increased risk or increased severity of other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. Autopsy studies have confirmed that many older adults with dementia show signs of both Alzheimers pathology and cerebral small vessel disease. Transition to disability or death. In a 2009 study of 639 non-disabled older persons (mean age 74), over a three-year follow-up period, 29.5% of participants with severe white matter changes and 15.1% of participants with moderate white matter changes developed disabilities or died. In comparison, only 10.5% of participants with mild white matter changes transitioned to disability or death over three years. The researchers concluded that severity of cerebral SVD is an important risk factor for overall decline in older adults.

• #63 Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650

  SVD causes approximately 25% of all acute ischemic strokes, mainly in the form of lacunar infarction. […] Approximately 30% of patients with lacunar stroke will develop cognitive impairment, mostly involving executive functions, attention, and psychomotor speed. […] SVD coexists with Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementia, can worsen cognitive outcome, and is the most common cause of vascular dementia, contributing to about 50% of dementias. […] Recent data suggest that WMH burden is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, including the Alzheimer disease type.

• #64 Small Vessel Disease, a Marker of Brain Health: What the Radiologist Needs to Know | American Journal of Neuroradiology

  http://www.ajnr.org/content/43/5/650

  SVD causes approximately 25% of all acute ischemic strokes, mainly in the form of lacunar infarction. […] Approximately 30% of patients with lacunar stroke will develop cognitive impairment, mostly involving executive functions, attention, and psychomotor speed. […] SVD coexists with Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementia, can worsen cognitive outcome, and is the most common cause of vascular dementia, contributing to about 50% of dementias. […] Recent data suggest that WMH burden is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia, including the Alzheimer disease type.

• #65 Chronic Microvascular Disease in the Brain: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/chronic-microvascular-disease-brain

  More severe cases may cause: […] Cognitive impairment (memory loss and challenges with thinking or focusing) […] Microvascular ischemic disease can cause strokes, which result in symptoms such as: […] Cerebral microvascular ischemic disease is a major contributor to both ischemic strokes and dementia, making it a critical area of concern for public health. It is estimated to be responsible for up to 25 percent of all ischemic strokes, known as lacunar strokes, which often go unnoticed due to a lack of dramatic clinical symptoms. However, over time, the effect of multiple small strokes can lead to significant brain damage, resulting in cognitive decline and functional impairment. […] In terms of dementia, microvascular ischemic disease is associated with approximately 45 percent of dementia cases. It is considered to be the primary cause of vascular dementia, which is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. Vascular dementia occurs when blood flow and oxygen in the brain are reduced, leading to the death of brain cells and a gradual decline in cognitive functions.

• #66 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Severity, Progression May Predict Dementia Risk

  https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/news/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-severity-progression-predict-dementia-risk/

  Baseline SVD severity and SVD progression play a role in the development of incident all-cause dementia. […] The severity of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) at baseline and SVD progression are independently associated with a higher risk for incident all-cause dementia. […] This suggests that SVD progression precedes dementia and may be a contributor to its development, thus making SVD a potential modifiable target for delaying dementia. […] Overall, 21.7% (108 of 498) of the participants developed dementia after a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range, 8.8-13.8 years), which yielded an incidence rate of 19.4 per 1,000 person-years. […] Participants who developed dementia were older, reported a lower level of education, experienced a higher burden of baseline MRI markers of SVD, and exhibited worse cognitive performance. […] Additionally, progression of WMH volume and of hippocampal volume were significant predictors of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.76 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 1.18-2.63;P = .005).

• #67 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Severity, Progression May Predict Dementia Risk

  https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/news/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-severity-progression-predict-dementia-risk/

  Baseline SVD severity and SVD progression play a role in the development of incident all-cause dementia. […] The severity of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) at baseline and SVD progression are independently associated with a higher risk for incident all-cause dementia. […] This suggests that SVD progression precedes dementia and may be a contributor to its development, thus making SVD a potential modifiable target for delaying dementia. […] Overall, 21.7% (108 of 498) of the participants developed dementia after a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range, 8.8-13.8 years), which yielded an incidence rate of 19.4 per 1,000 person-years. […] Participants who developed dementia were older, reported a lower level of education, experienced a higher burden of baseline MRI markers of SVD, and exhibited worse cognitive performance. […] Additionally, progression of WMH volume and of hippocampal volume were significant predictors of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.76 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 1.18-2.63;P = .005).

• #68 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Severity, Progression May Predict Dementia Risk

  https://www.neurologyadvisor.com/news/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-severity-progression-predict-dementia-risk/

  Baseline SVD severity and SVD progression play a role in the development of incident all-cause dementia. […] The severity of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) at baseline and SVD progression are independently associated with a higher risk for incident all-cause dementia. […] This suggests that SVD progression precedes dementia and may be a contributor to its development, thus making SVD a potential modifiable target for delaying dementia. […] Overall, 21.7% (108 of 498) of the participants developed dementia after a median follow-up of 13.2 years (range, 8.8-13.8 years), which yielded an incidence rate of 19.4 per 1,000 person-years. […] Participants who developed dementia were older, reported a lower level of education, experienced a higher burden of baseline MRI markers of SVD, and exhibited worse cognitive performance. […] Additionally, progression of WMH volume and of hippocampal volume were significant predictors of all-cause dementia (HR, 1.76 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 1.18-2.63;P = .005).

• #69 A Small Vessel Disease syndrome? Symptoms associated with cerebral SVD progression and incident infarcts after minor stroke | British Geriatrics Society

  https://www.bgs.org.uk/a-small-vessel-disease-syndrome-symptoms-associated-with-cerebral-svd-progression-and-incident

  Small vessel disease (SVD) lesions may cause symptoms apart from stroke. We aimed to determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression and incident infarcts associate with gait, mood, and cognitive symptoms. […] WMH progression over one year was associated with falls (OR=4.13 [95% CI=1.6-10.1]); self-reported brain fog (OR=3.13 [95% CI=1.11-8.82]); and increasing NPI-Q scores (est=2.12 [95% CI=0.46-3.77] p=0.012). Baseline and one-year WMH volumes were cross-sectionally associated with apathy (baseline OR=8.78 [95% CI=2.56-31.88]; one-year OR=4.83 [95% CI=1.43-17.26]). […] SVD progression following minor stroke co-associates with specific gait/cognitive/mood symptoms. WMH progression and incident infarcts may cause non-focal, non-stroke symptoms which characterise a potential SVD syndrome.

• #70 Disease mechanisms and markers of progression in cerebral small vessel disease

  https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/0be22ef2-09fe-45ae-9924-39e677a04017

  Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common disease process accounting for a quarter of all ischaemic strokes, around 80% of haemorrhagic strokes, and is the major contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. […] WMHs typically expand at 2.50 3.02 cc/year in patients with SVD and this is significantly more likely in patients with hypertension and who currently smoke. […] I found only 12/417 participants (2.9%) who showed modest WMH regression on longitudinal imaging, and this was more likely in patients with less severe disease at baseline. […] These disease processes did not predict disease progression at one year. […] My results investigating WMH regression suggest that this is unlikely to be a significant factor in severe SVD.

• #71 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6300773/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is composed of several diseases affecting the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain, and refers to several pathological processes and etiologies. The main clinical manifestations of CSVD include stroke, cognitive decline, dementia, psychiatric disorders, abnormal gait, and urinary incontinence. […] CSVD is thought to be among the main causes of vascular cognitive impairment, and is thought to account for about 45% of dementia cases, which is also associated with so-called silent lacunar infarcts which are asymptomatic infarcts with definite lesions on neuroimaging. Cognitive decline caused by CSVD presents with executive dysfunctions, attention and memory decline, set-shifting disabilities, slower speed of information processing, decline of verbal fluency, and delayed recall. […] The clinical manifestations of CSVD vary depending on the specific cause of the disease, as well as the brain regions affected. Individuals may present sudden onset stroke symptoms, progressive cognitive deterioration, dementia, gait disorder, sphincter dysfunctions, and psychiatric disorders, etc.

• #72 Microangiopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathy

  Chronic high blood sugar levels lead to the attachment of sugar molecules to various proteins, including collagen, laminin, and peripheral nerve proteins. This process, called glycosylation, creates advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs formation cross-links these proteins, making them resistant to degradation. This leads to accumulation of AGEs, thickening of the basement membrane, narrowing the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the tissues and causing ischemic injury. […] In addition, oxidative stress, caused by AGEs and the other pathways, causes apoptosis of pericytes and podocytes in the retina and the kidneys respectively leading to capillary wall fragility and increased vascular leakage. This results in local swelling (e.g. macular edema) and impaired tissue function. […] Some researchers have suggested that SVD may be a multisystem disorder, meaning that it can affect multiple organs in the body, including the heart and brain. This is supported by multiple studies stating that cardiac pathologies are more prevalent in patients with pathological evidence of cerebrovascular SVD and vice versa. […] Why some patients with microvascular angina subsequently develop vascular cognitive impairment and others do not is an unanswered question. Potential underpinning mechanisms include premature vascular aging and clustering of vascular risk factors leading to an accelerated cardiovascular risk.

• #73 Microangiopathy – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiopathy

  Chronic high blood sugar levels lead to the attachment of sugar molecules to various proteins, including collagen, laminin, and peripheral nerve proteins. This process, called glycosylation, creates advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs formation cross-links these proteins, making them resistant to degradation. This leads to accumulation of AGEs, thickening of the basement membrane, narrowing the blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the tissues and causing ischemic injury. […] In addition, oxidative stress, caused by AGEs and the other pathways, causes apoptosis of pericytes and podocytes in the retina and the kidneys respectively leading to capillary wall fragility and increased vascular leakage. This results in local swelling (e.g. macular edema) and impaired tissue function. […] Some researchers have suggested that SVD may be a multisystem disorder, meaning that it can affect multiple organs in the body, including the heart and brain. This is supported by multiple studies stating that cardiac pathologies are more prevalent in patients with pathological evidence of cerebrovascular SVD and vice versa. […] Why some patients with microvascular angina subsequently develop vascular cognitive impairment and others do not is an unanswered question. Potential underpinning mechanisms include premature vascular aging and clustering of vascular risk factors leading to an accelerated cardiovascular risk.

• #74 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Definition and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Small vessel ischemic disease is very common in older adults. If left untreated, it can contribute to mental decline, strokes, walking and balance problems, and dementia. […] Many older adults especially those with a mild form of the disease have no symptoms, even though there are areas of damage in the brain. This is called silent disease. In one study, up to 20 percent of healthy elderly people had silent damage in their brain, most of which was caused by small vessel disease. […] More severe small vessel disease can cause symptoms like these: loss of thinking skills (cognitive impairment), problems with walking and balance, depression. […] If small vessel disease causes a stroke, symptoms can include: numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, vision loss in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden, severe headache. […] Ischemic small-vessel disease can be very serious, leading to stroke, dementia, and death if it isnt treated. It causes about 45 percent of dementia cases and 20 percent of strokes.

• #75 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is commonly found on elderly patients CT and MRI scans and is linked to vascular risk factors, cognitive and motor impairment, and, in some cases, dementia or parkinsons disease. […] The ability to think will eventually become more challenging for someone with CSVD. They will also have steadily deteriorating balance problems. […] The progressive disease CSVD is age-related. Because it is age-related, older people are typically affected. Progressive describes something that progressively becomes worse. The prognosis for CSVD after a diagnosis depends on the speed it progresses and the severity of any other conditions it may cause, like stroke and dementia. […] Many elderly people with cerebral SVD will show no symptoms at all. This is referred to as silent CSVD.

• #76 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22927-microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Microvascular ischemic disease is a brain condition that commonly affects older people. Untreated, it can lead to dementia, stroke and difficulty walking. […] Microvascular ischemic disease is a very common condition in older people. According to estimates, it causes 45% of dementia and 25% of strokes. […] Healthcare providers often call microvascular ischemic disease a silent disease. Symptoms may be subtle and often go unnoticed. This is easy to do since people may attribute symptoms to normal signs of aging. […] In some older adults, symptoms become moderate or severe. The condition also affects various systems, so symptoms can be wide-ranging, such as: […] Microvascular ischemic disease increases your chance of having a stroke. So, its important to go to the emergency room immediately if youre experiencing sudden: […] Microvascular ischemic disease can range from mild to severe. It can lead to mood changes and problems with thinking and walking.

• #77 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Vascular dementia. Cerebral SVD symptoms are linked to the development of vascular dementia and the presence of vascular dementia. […] Transition to disability or death. Over a three-year follow-up period, 29.5 percent of participants with severe white matter abnormalities and 15.1 percent of participants with moderate white matter changes developed disabilities or died in a 2009 study of 639 non-disabled older people (mean age 74). Over the course of three years, only 10.5 percent of subjects with modest white matter alterations progressed to impairment or death. According to the findings, the severity of cerebral SVD is a significant risk factor for the overall decline in an older person. […] Seniors with cerebral SVD are more likely to develop the issues listed above, frequently within a few years. This is especially true for persons who have moderate to severe SVD in their brains.

• #78 Small is big: the need for a holistic approach to manage cerebral small vessel disease | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680305

  Cerebral small vessel disease manifests as a wide range of symptoms, requiring a holistic approach for identification and intervention. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by damage to the blood vessels and parenchyma in the brain. It presents as a multitude of symptoms, which makes the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, accurate diagnosis at an early stage of disease progression helps in defining better prognosis and management strategies for patients with cerebral SVD. The literature review shows that cerebral SVD can present as various clinical symptoms, such as stroke, cognitive impairment, psychological issues, urinary problems, or gait- and balance-related manifestations. […] Clinical presentations are frequently multifactorial, particularly in older people, and therefore, a patient who presents with more than one of these symptoms has a higher chance of developing SVD.

• #79 Small vessel disease or MS? – New diagnosis and before diagnosis – MS Society UK | Forum

  https://forum.mssociety.org.uk/t/small-vessel-disease-or-ms/39118

  I received the results of this scan 2 weeks ago and was told that there were some white matter lesions seen but were non-specific and very likely small vessel disease. […] My GPs exact words were you are 49 not 79, your bloods ECG are normal as is your BP, you could do with losing a few pounds but cant we all and basically she said she didnt think for a second that I had small vessel disease. […] She also said that some people are told its small vessel disease when its actually MS and has told me to list any symptoms and discuss when I finally get to see a neurologist rather than just for the eye problem. […] Lesions by whatever cause are actually signs of brain damage, so you will get neurological symptoms from them. So the type of symptoms doesnt necessarily help in reaching a diagnosis.

• #80 COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease: MedlinePlus GeneticsLock

  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/col4a1-related-brain-small-vessel-disease/

  COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease is characterized by weakening of the blood vessels in the brain. Stroke is often the first symptom of this condition, typically occurring in mid-adulthood. […] Individuals with this condition are at increased risk of having more than one stroke in their lifetime. People with COL4A1-related brain small vessel disease also have leukoencephalopathy, which is a change in a type of brain tissue called white matter that can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). […] The severity of the condition varies greatly among affected individuals. Some individuals with COL4A1-related brain small-vessel disease do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition.

• #81 Small vessel disease or MS? – New diagnosis and before diagnosis – MS Society UK | Forum

  https://forum.mssociety.org.uk/t/small-vessel-disease-or-ms/39118

  I received the results of this scan 2 weeks ago and was told that there were some white matter lesions seen but were non-specific and very likely small vessel disease. […] My GPs exact words were you are 49 not 79, your bloods ECG are normal as is your BP, you could do with losing a few pounds but cant we all and basically she said she didnt think for a second that I had small vessel disease. […] She also said that some people are told its small vessel disease when its actually MS and has told me to list any symptoms and discuss when I finally get to see a neurologist rather than just for the eye problem. […] Lesions by whatever cause are actually signs of brain damage, so you will get neurological symptoms from them. So the type of symptoms doesnt necessarily help in reaching a diagnosis.

• #82 Neuroimaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  https://www.jneurology.com/articles/neuroimaging-in-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.html

  Small vessel disease identified on MRI in the white matter is called leukoaraiosis. Leukoaraiosis presents as multiple punctuate or confluent lesions, but more often as incomplete infarcts, and is commonly seen in healthy elderly and in subjects with migraine. The markers of small vessel disease – white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, dilated vascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain volume – are related to decrease in regional cerebral blood flow and must be clearly defined to be reliably used for the diagnosis of this vascular disorder and its progression. Some studies have suggested that to assess in single cases how much the lesion load affects cognition, a threshold of 10 cm2 or 25% of total white matter is required before VaD is detectable clinically. […] Clinical manifestations include cognitive impairment and emotional disturbances. The initially observed mild neurocognitive disorder usually is progressive and affects other domains such as sensorimotor functions, coordination, language and memory. Over time it can result in vascular dementia. SVD is more frequent than previously thought and can now be better detected due to progress in neuroimaging.

• #83 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Advice and More | 2024 – Pure Medical

  https://pure-medical.co.uk/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-2

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is commonly found on elderly patients CT and MRI scans and is linked to vascular risk factors, cognitive and motor impairment, and, in some cases, dementia or parkinsons disease. […] The ability to think will eventually become more challenging for someone with CSVD. They will also have steadily deteriorating balance problems. […] The progressive disease CSVD is age-related. Because it is age-related, older people are typically affected. Progressive describes something that progressively becomes worse. The prognosis for CSVD after a diagnosis depends on the speed it progresses and the severity of any other conditions it may cause, like stroke and dementia. […] Many elderly people with cerebral SVD will show no symptoms at all. This is referred to as silent CSVD.

• #84 Asymptomatic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights from Population-Based Studies

  https://www.j-stroke.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5853/jos.2018.03608

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common group of neurological conditions that confer a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In most cases, CSVD is only recognized in its advanced stages once its symptomatic sequelae develop. […] One of the greatest challenges is that there are limited means to assess CSVD prior to the development of its clinical sequelae. Moreover, even after identification of CSVD in healthy populations, management of this disease is not well established. […] CSVD is a dynamic process in which lesions including WMH, CMB, and lacunes can progress or regress (even after accounting for differences in MRI technique). The implications of this on CSVD is not well understood but may be a balance between small vessel arteriopathy and neural repair processes. Hypertension and other vascular risk factors are believed to be the primary culprits of this entity as we will see from several epidemiological studies.

• #85 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190206/Absentmindedness-points-to-earlier-symptoms-of-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.aspx

  Adults who notice that they frequently lose their train of thought or often become sidetracked may in fact be displaying earlier symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease, otherwise known as a „silent stroke,” suggests a recent study. […] Despite a lack of obvious symptoms, cerebral small vessel disease causes damage to the brain’s white matter (responsible for communication among regions), which can cause memory and cognitive issues over time. […] The strokes are „silent” since they don’t cause lasting major changes seen with an overt stroke, such as affecting a person’s ability to speak or paralysis.

• #86 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  Signs of cerebral small vessel disease. From Inzitari et al, BMJ. 2009 Jul 6;339:b2477. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2477. This article is about the most common aging brain problem that you may have never heard of. While leading a fall prevention workshop a few years ago, I mentioned that an older persons walking and balance problems might well be related to the presence of small vessel ischemic changes in the brain, which are very common in aging adults. (This is also called white matter disease.) […] In fact, one study of older adults aged 60-90 found that 95% of them showed signs of these changes on brain MRI. […] Furthermore, these changes have been associated with problems of consequence to older adults, including: Cognitive decline, Problems with walking or balance, Strokes, Vascular dementia.

• #87 Microvascular Ischemic Disease: Definition and Symptoms

  https://www.healthline.com/health/microvascular-ischemic-disease

  Small vessel ischemic disease is very common in older adults. If left untreated, it can contribute to mental decline, strokes, walking and balance problems, and dementia. […] Many older adults especially those with a mild form of the disease have no symptoms, even though there are areas of damage in the brain. This is called silent disease. In one study, up to 20 percent of healthy elderly people had silent damage in their brain, most of which was caused by small vessel disease. […] More severe small vessel disease can cause symptoms like these: loss of thinking skills (cognitive impairment), problems with walking and balance, depression. […] If small vessel disease causes a stroke, symptoms can include: numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding, vision loss in one or both eyes, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, sudden, severe headache. […] Ischemic small-vessel disease can be very serious, leading to stroke, dementia, and death if it isnt treated. It causes about 45 percent of dementia cases and 20 percent of strokes.

• #88 What is cerebral Small Vessel Disease? | Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences

  https://clinical-brain-sciences.ed.ac.uk/row-fogo-centre-for-research-into-ageing-and-the-brain/what-is-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  People with cerebral small vessel disease may be prone to strokes and dementia. […] Most people do not have symptoms from cerebral small vessel disease, but some do. The symptoms it can lead to include: […] Ischaemic stroke: A blocked small blood vessel leads to a small area of brain damage. This is called a lacunar stroke. Lacunar stroke can lead to sudden weakness or loss of sensation down one side of the body, clumsiness, double vision and speech disturbance. Most people with SVD do not develop a stroke. […] Intracerebral haemorrhage: A burst small blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain and results in symptoms. This is called a haemorrhagic stroke. Intracerebral haemorrhage (or stroke due to bleeding) can lead to sudden weakness, speech, and vision problems. They can be very severe but are rare and most people with SVD do not develop a haemorrhage.

• #89 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190206/Absentmindedness-points-to-earlier-symptoms-of-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.aspx

  Adults who notice that they frequently lose their train of thought or often become sidetracked may in fact be displaying earlier symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease, otherwise known as a „silent stroke,” suggests a recent study. […] Despite a lack of obvious symptoms, cerebral small vessel disease causes damage to the brain’s white matter (responsible for communication among regions), which can cause memory and cognitive issues over time. […] The strokes are „silent” since they don’t cause lasting major changes seen with an overt stroke, such as affecting a person’s ability to speak or paralysis.

• #90 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #91 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #92 SVD-SOS: Patient-focused trials for cerebral small vessel disease | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/research/research-projects/svd-sos-patient-focused-trials-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  SVD can cause thinking and memory problems, or stroke-like symptoms. But many SVD symptoms are either silent or so subtle that both doctors and patients view them as not important. However, these symptoms could indicate that SVD is getting worse. […] SVD often develops gradually, so it might not be diagnosed until later on when the disease has become well-developed and has caused damage to the brain. This means that we dont know much about how and why SVD develops and progresses. […] This study is looking at: How SVD progresses over time. […] Participants will have brain scans every six to eight weeks for up to a year. This will give the researchers more reliable information about how SVD causes damage in the brain, what symptoms it may be causing, and whether the subtle symptoms patients are experiencing are linked to the disease getting worse. […] The results of this study will help us to understand more about how SVD develops, which ultimately could help researchers to develop new ways to diagnose the disease at an earlier stage.

• #93 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  Cerebral small vessel disease includes various conditions in which small blood vessels in the brain are damaged, often causing stroke. CSVD causes impaired blood flow to the brain, or ischemic disease, which can be associated with dementia if it progresses. It is most common in older adults. […] Symptoms vary, and unfortunately are not usually present until a later stage of the disease. Symptoms of small vessel disease in the brain can include: Forgetfulness, Fatigue, Difficulty thinking clearly and communicating, Difficulty walking, Difficulty with balance, Depression, Strokes, Slurred speech, Difficulty swallowing. […] Our experts are working to understand how the damage caused in CSVD disrupts the brains communication networks. Using advanced MRI imaging technology and computational resources, they are building a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain called a connectome to learn how these connections are disrupted in CSVD over time.

• #94 Neuroimaging in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  https://www.jneurology.com/articles/neuroimaging-in-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.html

  Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a condition resulting from damage to the cerebral microcirculation. It causes incomplete or complete infarcts in the white matter or in subcortical gray matter nuclei that are usually clinically `silent. Advanced SVD is characterized by white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), lacunes, microbleeds and cerebral atrophy. These abnormalities are seen in up to 10% of persons in the 7th decade and in above 85% in their 9th decade. Lacunes must be differentiated from perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces. Lacunar strokes are small complete infarcts (2 to 15 mm). When located in the caudate head, anterior thalamus, or the mamillothalamic tract lacunae can cause significant cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction due to the extended functional deafferentation of the cortical areas.

• #95

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9806465/

  Recent studies have provided important insights as to how SVD causes cognitive impairment. Lacunes, WMH, more diffuse white matter ultrastructural damage identified on DTI, and CMB have all been associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in SVD. […] Recent data have highlighted the frequency of apathy in SVD, shown how it dissociates from depressive symptoms, and is associated with the degree of white matter ultrastructural damage on DTI. […] Gait disturbances and SVD frequently coexist in the elderly, and increasing evidence suggests that this is due to a causal relationship. […] SVD has also been associated with depression, apathy, emotional lability, gait disturbance and falls, and urinary incontinence. These can present in the absence of lacunar stroke, and awareness of SVD as the possible diagnosis is important.

• #96

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  Small vessel disease is a condition causing blood vessel dysfunction that occurs with aging and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, dementia, and stroke. As a consequence of the profound effects of small vessel disease on the functioning of the brain and blood-brain barrier, for the purposes of this article, we will focus predominantly on cerebral aspects of small vessel disease, called cerebral small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease in the brain contributes to approximately 50 percent of dementia cases worldwide, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other common neurodegenerative diseases. […] The functional impact of cerebral small vessel disease on cognition can be predicted through a system of scoring medical images to observe contributing phenomena directly.

• #97 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) | Conditions & Treatments | UR Medicine

  https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/conditions-and-treatments/cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  Cerebral small vessel disease includes various conditions in which small blood vessels in the brain are damaged, often causing stroke. CSVD causes impaired blood flow to the brain, or ischemic disease, which can be associated with dementia if it progresses. It is most common in older adults. […] Symptoms vary, and unfortunately are not usually present until a later stage of the disease. Symptoms of small vessel disease in the brain can include: Forgetfulness, Fatigue, Difficulty thinking clearly and communicating, Difficulty walking, Difficulty with balance, Depression, Strokes, Slurred speech, Difficulty swallowing. […] Our experts are working to understand how the damage caused in CSVD disrupts the brains communication networks. Using advanced MRI imaging technology and computational resources, they are building a comprehensive map of the neural connections in the brain called a connectome to learn how these connections are disrupted in CSVD over time.

• #98 Small Vessel Disease – Angina – Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/small-vessel-disease/

  Angina is the most common symptom of small vessel disease. Angina feels like pain or pressure in your chest. It can make you sweat or make it hard to catch your breath. The pain can spread to your arm, neck, jaw, or shoulder. The symptom is similar to a heart attack. […] Other symptoms of small vessel disease include: Shortness of breath, Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, Fatigue, Fainting. […] Most people who have small vessel disease notice symptoms in their daily routine. You also can have them when you are active or stressed. If left untreated, small vessel disease forces your heart to work harder to pump blood. This puts you at risk for heart attack and heart failure. […] Your doctor will want routine check-ups to monitor how you are doing. The frequency of these check-ups will depend on the severity of your disease. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any new symptoms. Also tell your doctor if you’ve ever had anemia. Anemia is a condition marked by low red blood cell count. It can increase your risk of heart attack.

• #99 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  The severity of symptoms tends to correspond to whether radiological imaging shows the white matter changes to be mild, moderate, or severe. Many older adults with cerebral SVD will have no noticeable symptoms. This is sometimes called silent SVD. But many problems have been associated with cerebral SVD, especially when it is moderate or severe. These include: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, such as this one, have found that cerebral SVD is correlated with worse scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam. When problems with thinking skills are associated with SVD, this can be called vascular cognitive impairment. Problems with walking and balance. White matter lesions have been repeatedly associated with gait disturbances and mobility difficulties. A 2013 study found that moderate or severe cerebral SVD was associated with a decline in gait and balance function. Strokes. A 2010 meta-analysis concluded that white matter hyperintensities are associated with a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Depression. White matter changes have been associated with a higher risk of depression in older people, and may represent a contributor to depression that is particular to having first-time depression in later life. Vascular dementia. Signs of cerebral SVD are associated with both having vascular dementia, and eventually developing vascular dementia. Other dementias. Research suggests that cerebral SVD is also associated with an increased risk or increased severity of other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. Autopsy studies have confirmed that many older adults with dementia show signs of both Alzheimers pathology and cerebral small vessel disease. Transition to disability or death. In a 2009 study of 639 non-disabled older persons (mean age 74), over a three-year follow-up period, 29.5% of participants with severe white matter changes and 15.1% of participants with moderate white matter changes developed disabilities or died. In comparison, only 10.5% of participants with mild white matter changes transitioned to disability or death over three years. The researchers concluded that severity of cerebral SVD is an important risk factor for overall decline in older adults.

• #100 A Small Vessel Disease syndrome? Symptoms associated with cerebral SVD progression and incident infarcts after minor stroke | British Geriatrics Society

  https://www.bgs.org.uk/a-small-vessel-disease-syndrome-symptoms-associated-with-cerebral-svd-progression-and-incident

  Small vessel disease (SVD) lesions may cause symptoms apart from stroke. We aimed to determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression and incident infarcts associate with gait, mood, and cognitive symptoms. […] WMH progression over one year was associated with falls (OR=4.13 [95% CI=1.6-10.1]); self-reported brain fog (OR=3.13 [95% CI=1.11-8.82]); and increasing NPI-Q scores (est=2.12 [95% CI=0.46-3.77] p=0.012). Baseline and one-year WMH volumes were cross-sectionally associated with apathy (baseline OR=8.78 [95% CI=2.56-31.88]; one-year OR=4.83 [95% CI=1.43-17.26]). […] SVD progression following minor stroke co-associates with specific gait/cognitive/mood symptoms. WMH progression and incident infarcts may cause non-focal, non-stroke symptoms which characterise a potential SVD syndrome.

• #101 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #102 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Treatment With Stem Cells | Swiss Medica

  https://www.startstemcells.com/cerebral-small-vessel-treatment.html

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) presents a significant health challenge. Also known as coronary microvascular or small vessel ischemic disease, it changes the small blood vessels in the brain and requires treatment. […] In the early stages, the disease may cause little to no symptoms. Common symptoms of later stages: […] Narrowing or damage to blood vessels can lead to severe neurological symptoms and a decline in mental abilities. This is because chronic damage to blood vessels starves brain cells of the oxygen they need to function properly. […] As it may lead to severe conditions, such as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, the treatment of small vessel disease must be tailored to address its underlying causes and associated risk factors. […] However, traditional means do not allow for the effective restoration of damaged neurons, while neurotrophic factors from stem cells are capable of doing so. Additionally, growth factors from stem cells promote the formation of small blood vessels, which is pathogenetic therapy and contributes to increased oxygen flow to the brain. […] Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment that uses stem cells to help repair damaged tissues and promote regeneration. […] Despite the promising therapeutic advantage of MSCs, they can’t cure the disease but hopefully improve and support the well-being of the patient.

• #103

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  Endothelial dysfunction increases with age and contributes to inflammaging, a process of tissue degeneration characterized by altered cellular senescence, immunosenescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, defective autophagy, metabolic inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. […] Many of the observable cerebral phenomena of small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities and lacunar strokes, are predictive of the amount and degree of blood-brain barrier leakage. […] Chronic hyperpermeability of the BBB leads to adaptations such as an increased thickness and disorganization of blood vessels, which reduces perfusion, the passage of blood from cardiovascular circulation into tissues, delivering nutrients and diluting waste. […] Hypoperfusion, a defining characteristic of small vessel disease, deprives tissues of oxygen, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and increasing oxidative stress.

• #104 Early Onset Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Symptoms and Progression

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/research-grants/2019/cerebral-diseases-14/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common feature of the ageing brain, associated with up to 45% increased dementia risk and 20% increased risk of strokes. […] If not treated, OSA has been reported to promote CSVD progression. […] There is currently no MRI protocol able to identify early stage CSVD or to monitor disease progression in the early stages. […] Thus, the project aims to develop a novel brain MRI protocol able to characterise early CSVD using people with OSA as a high risk population, with the objectives of developing clinical recommendations.

• #105 Small vessel disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-vessel-disease/

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain. […] If you’re diagnosed with small vessel disease, you’ll need regular checkups with your health care provider.

• #106 Small vessel disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-vessel-disease/

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain. […] If you’re diagnosed with small vessel disease, you’ll need regular checkups with your health care provider.

• #107 Small Vessel Disease – Angina – Symptoms | familydoctor.org

  https://familydoctor.org/condition/small-vessel-disease/

  Angina is the most common symptom of small vessel disease. Angina feels like pain or pressure in your chest. It can make you sweat or make it hard to catch your breath. The pain can spread to your arm, neck, jaw, or shoulder. The symptom is similar to a heart attack. […] Other symptoms of small vessel disease include: Shortness of breath, Feeling dizzy or lightheaded, Fatigue, Fainting. […] Most people who have small vessel disease notice symptoms in their daily routine. You also can have them when you are active or stressed. If left untreated, small vessel disease forces your heart to work harder to pump blood. This puts you at risk for heart attack and heart failure. […] Your doctor will want routine check-ups to monitor how you are doing. The frequency of these check-ups will depend on the severity of your disease. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have any new symptoms. Also tell your doctor if you’ve ever had anemia. Anemia is a condition marked by low red blood cell count. It can increase your risk of heart attack.

• #108 Small vessel disease | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20166493/

  Small vessel disease is a condition in which the walls of the small arteries in the heart arent working properly. This reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart, causing chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and other signs and symptoms of heart disease. […] Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress; Discomfort in the left arm, jaw, neck, back or abdomen along with chest pain; Shortness of breath; Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If youve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms havent gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain.

• #109 Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease | Stroke and Vascular Neurology

  https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/3/83

  The evolution of WMH also varies. The single strongest predictor of WMH progression is high baseline WMH, with little progression in punctate WMH but rapid progression in confluent WMHs. […] There is increasing evidence showing that CSVD is more dynamic than originally thought. Lesions progress over time and the long-term outcome and impact on brain damage vary.

• #110 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #111 SVD-SOS: Patient-focused trials for cerebral small vessel disease | Stroke Association

  https://www.stroke.org.uk/research/research-projects/svd-sos-patient-focused-trials-cerebral-small-vessel-disease

  SVD can cause thinking and memory problems, or stroke-like symptoms. But many SVD symptoms are either silent or so subtle that both doctors and patients view them as not important. However, these symptoms could indicate that SVD is getting worse. […] SVD often develops gradually, so it might not be diagnosed until later on when the disease has become well-developed and has caused damage to the brain. This means that we dont know much about how and why SVD develops and progresses. […] This study is looking at: How SVD progresses over time. […] Participants will have brain scans every six to eight weeks for up to a year. This will give the researchers more reliable information about how SVD causes damage in the brain, what symptoms it may be causing, and whether the subtle symptoms patients are experiencing are linked to the disease getting worse. […] The results of this study will help us to understand more about how SVD develops, which ultimately could help researchers to develop new ways to diagnose the disease at an earlier stage.

• #112 Chronic Microvascular Disease in the Brain: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/chronic-microvascular-disease-brain

  Given the severity of the consequences of advanced cerebral microvascular disease, early detection of microvascular changes is critical in managing stroke risk and cognitive decline. […] In the very early stages of microvascular disease, it is thought that it might be possible to reverse some of the observed brain changes. However, as the disease progresses, these changes become irreversible. While there are no specific treatments for microvascular ischemic disease currently, it can be treated by managing the underlying conditions and risk factors that lead to its development, as well as treating the consequences, such as stroke and dementia. […] Chronic microvascular disease is a widespread but often overlooked condition that significantly impacts cognitive and neurological health, particularly in older adults. While there is currently no cure, managing the risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking can slow disease progression and reduce complications like stroke and dementia. Early diagnosis through imaging techniques such as MRI and proactive lifestyle changes are key to improving outcomes.

• #113 Chronic Microvascular Disease in the Brain: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/chronic-microvascular-disease-brain

  Given the severity of the consequences of advanced cerebral microvascular disease, early detection of microvascular changes is critical in managing stroke risk and cognitive decline. […] In the very early stages of microvascular disease, it is thought that it might be possible to reverse some of the observed brain changes. However, as the disease progresses, these changes become irreversible. While there are no specific treatments for microvascular ischemic disease currently, it can be treated by managing the underlying conditions and risk factors that lead to its development, as well as treating the consequences, such as stroke and dementia. […] Chronic microvascular disease is a widespread but often overlooked condition that significantly impacts cognitive and neurological health, particularly in older adults. While there is currently no cure, managing the risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking can slow disease progression and reduce complications like stroke and dementia. Early diagnosis through imaging techniques such as MRI and proactive lifestyle changes are key to improving outcomes.

• #114 Microvascular ischemic brain disease: What to know

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327112

  Microvascular ischemic brain disease does not always cause symptoms, but the strokes can contribute to medical conditions, such as vascular dementia. […] Complete reversal of microvascular disease in the brain is probably not possible. However, managing risk factors through lifestyle changes and medication may slow disease progression and improve quality of life.

• #115 Chronic Microvascular Disease in the Brain: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/chronic-microvascular-disease-brain

  Given the severity of the consequences of advanced cerebral microvascular disease, early detection of microvascular changes is critical in managing stroke risk and cognitive decline. […] In the very early stages of microvascular disease, it is thought that it might be possible to reverse some of the observed brain changes. However, as the disease progresses, these changes become irreversible. While there are no specific treatments for microvascular ischemic disease currently, it can be treated by managing the underlying conditions and risk factors that lead to its development, as well as treating the consequences, such as stroke and dementia. […] Chronic microvascular disease is a widespread but often overlooked condition that significantly impacts cognitive and neurological health, particularly in older adults. While there is currently no cure, managing the risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking can slow disease progression and reduce complications like stroke and dementia. Early diagnosis through imaging techniques such as MRI and proactive lifestyle changes are key to improving outcomes.

• #116 Chronic Microvascular Disease in the Brain: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments – Ezra

  https://ezra.com/blog/chronic-microvascular-disease-brain

  Given the severity of the consequences of advanced cerebral microvascular disease, early detection of microvascular changes is critical in managing stroke risk and cognitive decline. […] In the very early stages of microvascular disease, it is thought that it might be possible to reverse some of the observed brain changes. However, as the disease progresses, these changes become irreversible. While there are no specific treatments for microvascular ischemic disease currently, it can be treated by managing the underlying conditions and risk factors that lead to its development, as well as treating the consequences, such as stroke and dementia. […] Chronic microvascular disease is a widespread but often overlooked condition that significantly impacts cognitive and neurological health, particularly in older adults. While there is currently no cure, managing the risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking can slow disease progression and reduce complications like stroke and dementia. Early diagnosis through imaging techniques such as MRI and proactive lifestyle changes are key to improving outcomes.

• #117 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #118 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6300773/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is composed of several diseases affecting the small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain, and refers to several pathological processes and etiologies. The main clinical manifestations of CSVD include stroke, cognitive decline, dementia, psychiatric disorders, abnormal gait, and urinary incontinence. […] CSVD is thought to be among the main causes of vascular cognitive impairment, and is thought to account for about 45% of dementia cases, which is also associated with so-called silent lacunar infarcts which are asymptomatic infarcts with definite lesions on neuroimaging. Cognitive decline caused by CSVD presents with executive dysfunctions, attention and memory decline, set-shifting disabilities, slower speed of information processing, decline of verbal fluency, and delayed recall. […] The clinical manifestations of CSVD vary depending on the specific cause of the disease, as well as the brain regions affected. Individuals may present sudden onset stroke symptoms, progressive cognitive deterioration, dementia, gait disorder, sphincter dysfunctions, and psychiatric disorders, etc.

• #119 Small is big: the need for a holistic approach to manage cerebral small vessel disease | EurekAlert!

  https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/680305

  Cerebral small vessel disease manifests as a wide range of symptoms, requiring a holistic approach for identification and intervention. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by damage to the blood vessels and parenchyma in the brain. It presents as a multitude of symptoms, which makes the diagnosis difficult. Therefore, accurate diagnosis at an early stage of disease progression helps in defining better prognosis and management strategies for patients with cerebral SVD. The literature review shows that cerebral SVD can present as various clinical symptoms, such as stroke, cognitive impairment, psychological issues, urinary problems, or gait- and balance-related manifestations. […] Clinical presentations are frequently multifactorial, particularly in older people, and therefore, a patient who presents with more than one of these symptoms has a higher chance of developing SVD.

• #120 Beneath the Surface: Women’s Silent Struggle with Small Vessel Disease

  https://prevenciomed.com/2024/04/05/beneath-the-surface-womens-silent-struggle-with-small-vessel-disease/

  Microvascular disease is sometimes a silent actor, but knowing the signs can make all the difference: […] Chest pain and discomfort (angina): More than a mere pressing sensation, this could manifest as a burning, tingling, or even a sharp pain. […] Shortness of breath: This isn’t mere panting after physical exertion; it’s an unexpected and often unexplained breathlessness during regular activities. […] Fatigue: Persistent and unrelenting tiredness, often not in line with one’s daily activities, can be a red flag. […] Other potential signs: Symptoms like dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and discomfort spreading to arms or shoulders can sometimes be associated with the disease. […] While Small Vessel Disease is manageable, its detection can pose challenges. Typically, healthcare providers diagnose the condition when there is minimal or no narrowing observed in the main arteries of the heart, despite the presence of symptoms indicative of heart disease.

• #121 Coronary Microvascular Disease (Small Vessel Disease): Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21052-microvascular-coronary-disease

  The primary symptom is a type of chest pain called angina that lasts 10 minutes or longer, even when resting. Pain may increase with mental stress and, less often, with physical exertion. Microvascular coronary disease symptoms can make it challenging to go about daily life. […] Symptoms may also include: Fatigue. Shortness of breath. Sleep issues, including insomnia. […] Coronary microvascular disease happens when there’s a disruption of blood flow through the heart’s smallest blood vessels. Unlike coronary artery disease, which is due to a blockage, microvascular heart disease (small vessel disease) occurs when there’s blood vessel damage. The condition causes lasting chest pain and raises your heart attack risk.

• #122 Beneath the Surface: Women’s Silent Struggle with Small Vessel Disease

  https://prevenciomed.com/2024/04/05/beneath-the-surface-womens-silent-struggle-with-small-vessel-disease/

  Microvascular disease is sometimes a silent actor, but knowing the signs can make all the difference: […] Chest pain and discomfort (angina): More than a mere pressing sensation, this could manifest as a burning, tingling, or even a sharp pain. […] Shortness of breath: This isn’t mere panting after physical exertion; it’s an unexpected and often unexplained breathlessness during regular activities. […] Fatigue: Persistent and unrelenting tiredness, often not in line with one’s daily activities, can be a red flag. […] Other potential signs: Symptoms like dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and discomfort spreading to arms or shoulders can sometimes be associated with the disease. […] While Small Vessel Disease is manageable, its detection can pose challenges. Typically, healthcare providers diagnose the condition when there is minimal or no narrowing observed in the main arteries of the heart, despite the presence of symptoms indicative of heart disease.

• #123 Beneath the Surface: Women’s Silent Struggle with Small Vessel Disease

  https://prevenciomed.com/2024/04/05/beneath-the-surface-womens-silent-struggle-with-small-vessel-disease/

  Microvascular disease is sometimes a silent actor, but knowing the signs can make all the difference: […] Chest pain and discomfort (angina): More than a mere pressing sensation, this could manifest as a burning, tingling, or even a sharp pain. […] Shortness of breath: This isn’t mere panting after physical exertion; it’s an unexpected and often unexplained breathlessness during regular activities. […] Fatigue: Persistent and unrelenting tiredness, often not in line with one’s daily activities, can be a red flag. […] Other potential signs: Symptoms like dizziness, irregular heartbeat, and discomfort spreading to arms or shoulders can sometimes be associated with the disease. […] While Small Vessel Disease is manageable, its detection can pose challenges. Typically, healthcare providers diagnose the condition when there is minimal or no narrowing observed in the main arteries of the heart, despite the presence of symptoms indicative of heart disease.

• #124 Coronary Microvascular Disease | American Heart Association

  https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/angina-chest-pain/coronary-microvascular-disease-mvd

  Women with coronary MVD often have microvascular angina, a kind of chest pain. They might have chest pain that lasts a long time and happens at rest. […] Other signs and symptoms of coronary MVD: Shortness of breath, Sleep problems, Fatigue, Lack of energy. […] People with coronary MVD often first notice symptoms during daily activities and mental stress. This is different from major coronary artery disease, where symptoms usually appear during exercise.

• #125 Understanding Chronic Small Vessel Ischemic Disease

  https://craftbodyscan.com/blog/chronic-small-vessel-ischemic-disease/

  Chronic small vessel ischemic disease may sound like a complex medical term, but at its heart, its about understanding how the health of tiny blood vessels in your brain can impact your overall well-being. This condition occurs when these small vessels become damaged or narrowed, reducing blood flow and leading to tissue damage. Over time, this can result in symptoms like cognitive decline, mobility issues, or even an increased risk of stroke. […] Chronic small vessel ischemic disease doesnt always announce itself loudly, and symptoms can develop gradually. However, there are common signs to watch for: […] Cognitive Changes: Difficulty with memory, concentration, or problem-solving. […] Mobility Problems: Trouble walking, maintaining balance, or frequent falls. […] Mood Changes: Depression, irritability, or mood swings caused by changes in brain function.

• #126 Cerebral small vessel disease: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

  https://www.topdoctors.co.uk/medical-articles/cerebral-small-vessel-disease-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatment

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a condition where the tiny blood vessels in the brain become narrowed, blocked, or damaged, restricting blood flow to brain tissue. This can lead to tiny strokes (lacunar infarcts), white matter damage, and a higher risk of vascular dementia. […] Not everyone with CSVD will experience symptoms, when they occur, they may include memory issues, difficulty walking, and mood changes. […] Many older adults have CSVD without noticeable symptoms, but as it progresses, people may experience cognitive decline: problems with memory, concentration, and decision-making. […] Balance and walking difficulties: feeling unsteady, slower movements or an increased risk of falls. […] Mood changes: depression and anxiety are more common in individuals with CSVD. […] Stroke symptoms: CSVD may cause mini-strokes or more severe strokes, leading to sudden weakness, speech difficulties, or vision problems. […] While it cannot be reversed, early diagnosis and lifestyle changes can help slow its progression and lower the risk of stroke or cognitive decline.

• #127 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #128 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190206/Absentmindedness-points-to-earlier-symptoms-of-cerebral-small-vessel-disease.aspx

  Adults who notice that they frequently lose their train of thought or often become sidetracked may in fact be displaying earlier symptoms of cerebral small vessel disease, otherwise known as a „silent stroke,” suggests a recent study. […] Despite a lack of obvious symptoms, cerebral small vessel disease causes damage to the brain’s white matter (responsible for communication among regions), which can cause memory and cognitive issues over time. […] The strokes are „silent” since they don’t cause lasting major changes seen with an overt stroke, such as affecting a person’s ability to speak or paralysis.

• #129 Researchers find subtle symptoms that could allow earlier

  https://www.ukdri.ac.uk/news-and-events/researchers-find-subtle-symptoms-that-could-allow-earlier-detection-of-vascular-dementia

  A new systematic review and meta-analysis of 81 studies investigating neuropsychiatric symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease, suggests that apathy, fatigue, and delirium are associated with more severe disease. […] The findings, published today in the scientific journal Lancet Psychiatry, suggest that there are small but important associations between the symptoms of apathy, fatigue, and delirium and having more severe small vessel disease on brain scans. […] This important study shows that there are subtle symptoms related to having worse cerebral small vessel disease which, combined with other factors, could help to recognise the disorder earlier before brain damage gets worse. Early detection is likely to be very important for future dementia prevention and treatment. […] In contrast to the three symptoms identified – apathy, fatigue, and delirium – the team found that subjective cognitive complaints were not necessarily associated with more severe small vessel disease, providing some reassurance to concerned individuals.

• #130 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #131 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #132 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #133 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #134 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #135 Associations for progression of cerebral small vessel disease burden in healthy adults: the Kashima scan study | Hypertension Research

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41440-023-01419-3

  To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and progression of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we conducted a longitudinal study with neurologically healthy cohort composed mostly of middle-aged adults (n=665, mean age, 57.7 years). […] Progression of SVD was evaluated among subjects with a total SVD score of 3 and was defined as a 1 point increase in that score at follow-up relative to baseline. […] Progression of SVD was observed in 154 subjects (23.2%). […] Even after adjustment with confounders multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that progression of SVD was associated with age (per 10-year increase, odds ratio [OR]: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-2.67), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.05-2.29), systolic blood pressure (BP) (per standard deviation [SD] increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.54), diastolic BP (per SD increase, OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.01-1.50), and mean arterial pressure (per SD increase, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.04-1.55). Age and high blood pressure appear to play key roles in the progression of cerebral small vessel burden after mid-life.

• #136 Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease | Stroke and Vascular Neurology

  https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/3/83

  The evolution of WMH also varies. The single strongest predictor of WMH progression is high baseline WMH, with little progression in punctate WMH but rapid progression in confluent WMHs. […] There is increasing evidence showing that CSVD is more dynamic than originally thought. Lesions progress over time and the long-term outcome and impact on brain damage vary.

• #137 Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease | Stroke and Vascular Neurology

  https://svn.bmj.com/content/1/3/83

  The evolution of WMH also varies. The single strongest predictor of WMH progression is high baseline WMH, with little progression in punctate WMH but rapid progression in confluent WMHs. […] There is increasing evidence showing that CSVD is more dynamic than originally thought. Lesions progress over time and the long-term outcome and impact on brain damage vary.

• #138 Asymptomatic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights from Population-Based Studies

  https://www.j-stroke.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5853/jos.2018.03608

  In longitudinal studies, the progression of lacunes occurs in 3.5% to 4.1% of subjects annually. Baseline cerebrovascular disease (WMH and lacunes) seems to be the most prominent risk factor for development of additional lacunar infarcts, which are predominantly located in subcortical regions or in the deep basal ganglia. […] The presence of these deep CMB doubled the risk of vascular dementia (VaD). Subjects with both CMB and concomitant retinopathy were most likely to exhibit slow processing speeds, poor executive function, and VaD.

• #139 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #140 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  But such treatment may be less effective in people who are older than 80, or who already have severe cerebral SVD. […] For now, to prevent the occurrence or progression of cerebral small vessel disease, it’s reasonable to start by observing the hypertension guidelines considered reasonable for most older adults: treat to a target of systolic blood pressure less than 150mm/Hg. […] If you are worried about cerebral SVD, for yourself or for an older relative, here a few things you can do: Talk to your doctor about your concerns. […] You may want to discuss your options for optimizing vascular risk factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, smoking, and others. […] If an MRI of the brain is clinically indicated or if one has recently been done ask the doctor to help you understand how the findings may correspond to any worrisome symptoms you’ve noticed. […] However, if you’ve been worried about cognitive impairment or falls, remember that such problems are usually multi-factorial (i.e. they have multiple causes). […] So it’s best to make sure the doctors have checked for all other common contributors to thinking problems and/or falls.

• #141 Small vessel disease: Joanna Wardlaw looks at the evidence | Age UK

  https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/look-after-blood-vessels-in-your-brain/

  Therefore, if we address the causes of small vessel disease, we will be reducing the risk of developing potentially damaging little scars in the brain, in turn protecting our brain health and thinking skills. […] High blood pressure often doesn’t have noticable symptoms, so a blood pressure test is key to finding out your blood pressure level. […] The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent trips to the toilet particularly at night, excessive tiredness, weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and genital itching or frequent episodes of thrush. There may be no warning symptoms at all, so if you are concerned that you are at risk, ask your doctor for a diabetes check. […] Our research has shown that not smoking and eating less salt may help to stop scars from forming. We also found that taking more exercise means you are less likely to get scars and this will reduce problems with loss of thinking and memory as you get older. […] Avoiding them reduces the risk of stroke and dementia, so is very important!

• #142 Small vessel disease: Joanna Wardlaw looks at the evidence | Age UK

  https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/look-after-blood-vessels-in-your-brain/

  Therefore, if we address the causes of small vessel disease, we will be reducing the risk of developing potentially damaging little scars in the brain, in turn protecting our brain health and thinking skills. […] High blood pressure often doesn’t have noticable symptoms, so a blood pressure test is key to finding out your blood pressure level. […] The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent trips to the toilet particularly at night, excessive tiredness, weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and genital itching or frequent episodes of thrush. There may be no warning symptoms at all, so if you are concerned that you are at risk, ask your doctor for a diabetes check. […] Our research has shown that not smoking and eating less salt may help to stop scars from forming. We also found that taking more exercise means you are less likely to get scars and this will reduce problems with loss of thinking and memory as you get older. […] Avoiding them reduces the risk of stroke and dementia, so is very important!

• #143 Small vessel disease: Joanna Wardlaw looks at the evidence | Age UK

  https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/look-after-blood-vessels-in-your-brain/

  Therefore, if we address the causes of small vessel disease, we will be reducing the risk of developing potentially damaging little scars in the brain, in turn protecting our brain health and thinking skills. […] High blood pressure often doesn’t have noticable symptoms, so a blood pressure test is key to finding out your blood pressure level. […] The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent trips to the toilet particularly at night, excessive tiredness, weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and genital itching or frequent episodes of thrush. There may be no warning symptoms at all, so if you are concerned that you are at risk, ask your doctor for a diabetes check. […] Our research has shown that not smoking and eating less salt may help to stop scars from forming. We also found that taking more exercise means you are less likely to get scars and this will reduce problems with loss of thinking and memory as you get older. […] Avoiding them reduces the risk of stroke and dementia, so is very important!

• #144 Small vessel disease: Joanna Wardlaw looks at the evidence | Age UK

  https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/look-after-blood-vessels-in-your-brain/

  Therefore, if we address the causes of small vessel disease, we will be reducing the risk of developing potentially damaging little scars in the brain, in turn protecting our brain health and thinking skills. […] High blood pressure often doesn’t have noticable symptoms, so a blood pressure test is key to finding out your blood pressure level. […] The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent trips to the toilet particularly at night, excessive tiredness, weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and genital itching or frequent episodes of thrush. There may be no warning symptoms at all, so if you are concerned that you are at risk, ask your doctor for a diabetes check. […] Our research has shown that not smoking and eating less salt may help to stop scars from forming. We also found that taking more exercise means you are less likely to get scars and this will reduce problems with loss of thinking and memory as you get older. […] Avoiding them reduces the risk of stroke and dementia, so is very important!

• #145

  https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/small-vessel-disease

  Enlarged Perivascular Spaces – A build-up of interstitial fluid that is unable to be exchanged with fresh serum flowing through adjacent blood vessels. Enlarged perivascular spaces compromise waste removal by the glymphatic system, increasing brain concentrations of toxins, such as amyloid-beta, which contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. […] Brain Atrophy – A loss of tissue mass that occurs when the brain must downsize the number of neurons and neuronal connections it supports due to chronic deprivation of nutrients and growth factors and accumulation of waste. Brain atrophy can be measured in midlife prior to the development of cognitive impairments and is more pronounced in adults with obesity compared to adults with a lean BMI. […] Endothelial dysfunction compromises the integrity of neurovascular units, increasing the concentration of toxins and pathogens in the brain and accelerating brain aging.

• #146 Assessing the effectiveness of statin therapy for alleviating cerebral small vessel disease progression in people ≥75 years of age | BMC Geriatrics | Full Text

  https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-020-01682-w

  Our findings indicated that statin therapy alleviated the progression of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS without elevating the risk of microbleeds. On the basis of the observed results, we concluded that statin therapy is an efficient and safe intervention for CSVD in adults 75 years of age. […] The risks of the progression of WMH (HR: 0.517, 95% CI: 0.338 to 0.791), lacunes (HR: 0.446, 95% CI: 0.290 to 0.686), and EPVS (HR: 0.608, 95% CI: 0.409 to 0.905) were significantly lower in the statin group than the non-statin group. […] We found that statin therapy markedly ameliorated the risks of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS progression; and statin therapy had neither beneficial nor detrimental effects on microbleed progression. […] In conclusion, we found that statin therapy alleviated the progression of WMH, lacunes, and EPVS without elevating the risk of cerebral microbleeds in adults 75 years of age. Our findings indicated that statin therapy was an efficient and safe intervention for CSVD.

• #147 Vascular dementia | Dementia Australia

  https://www.dementia.org.au/about-dementia/vascular-dementia

  Symptoms may include a deterioration of planning, reasoning, and thinking skills, confusion, impaired attention, mild memory problems, difficulty finding the right words, slurred speech, changes in walking and movement, behavioural changes such as agitation, lack of bladder control, and depression. […] Vascular dementia is highly variable depending on the area of the brain that is damaged and other factors affecting the persons health. […] Subcortical vascular dementia happens when disease in your blood vessels causes damage deep in your brain. Symptoms get worse over time as more damage occurs. […] Signs and symptoms of subcortical vascular dementia can include: behavioural changes, trouble controlling your bladder, reduced ability to plan, problem solve, organise and think logically, forgetting things, or repeatedly saying the same things, trouble walking or moving. […] If the dementia is stroke-related, treatment to prevent more strokes is important, as is treating any conditions affecting the health of your heart and blood vessels. This can sometimes slow the progression of vascular dementia and may prevent further decline.

• #148 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/comment-page-1/

  Still, certain risk factors for developing cerebral SVD have been identified. Many overlap with risk factors for stroke. They include: Hypertension, Dyslipidemia (e.g. high cholesterol), Atrial fibrillation, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Diabetes, Smoking, Age, Inflammation. […] Since worsening of white matter disease is often associated with clinical problems, experts are also trying to determine how we might prevent, or delay, the progression of SVD in older adults. […] Generally, experts recommend that clinicians consider treating any underlying risk factors. In most cases, this means detecting and treating any traditional risk factors for stroke. […] To date, studies of hypertension treatment to prevent the progression of white matter changes have shown mixed results. […] It appears that treating high blood pressure can slow the progression of brain changes in some people.

• #149 Small vessel disease: Joanna Wardlaw looks at the evidence | Age UK

  https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/mind-body/staying-sharp/looking-after-your-thinking-skills/look-after-blood-vessels-in-your-brain/

  Therefore, if we address the causes of small vessel disease, we will be reducing the risk of developing potentially damaging little scars in the brain, in turn protecting our brain health and thinking skills. […] High blood pressure often doesn’t have noticable symptoms, so a blood pressure test is key to finding out your blood pressure level. […] The main symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent trips to the toilet particularly at night, excessive tiredness, weight loss, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts and genital itching or frequent episodes of thrush. There may be no warning symptoms at all, so if you are concerned that you are at risk, ask your doctor for a diabetes check. […] Our research has shown that not smoking and eating less salt may help to stop scars from forming. We also found that taking more exercise means you are less likely to get scars and this will reduce problems with loss of thinking and memory as you get older. […] Avoiding them reduces the risk of stroke and dementia, so is very important!

• #150 Small vessel disease

  https://www.mymlc.com/health-information/diseases-and-conditions/s/small-vessel-disease/

  Small vessel disease signs and symptoms include: […] Chest pain, squeezing or discomfort (angina), which may get worse with activity or emotional stress […] Shortness of breath […] Tiredness and lack of energy. […] If you’ve been treated for coronary artery disease with angioplasty and stents and your signs and symptoms haven’t gone away, you might also have small vessel disease. […] Small vessel disease can make it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. A possible complication of small vessel disease is a heart attack. […] The goals of treatment for small vessel disease are to control the narrowing of the small blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack and to relieve pain. […] If you’re diagnosed with small vessel disease, you’ll need regular checkups with your health care provider.

• #151 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: What to Know & What to Do

  https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/cerebral-small-vessel-disease/

  The severity of symptoms tends to correspond to whether radiological imaging shows the white matter changes to be mild, moderate, or severe. Many older adults with cerebral SVD will have no noticeable symptoms. This is sometimes called silent SVD. But many problems have been associated with cerebral SVD, especially when it is moderate or severe. These include: Cognitive impairment. Several studies, such as this one, have found that cerebral SVD is correlated with worse scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam. When problems with thinking skills are associated with SVD, this can be called vascular cognitive impairment. Problems with walking and balance. White matter lesions have been repeatedly associated with gait disturbances and mobility difficulties. A 2013 study found that moderate or severe cerebral SVD was associated with a decline in gait and balance function. Strokes. A 2010 meta-analysis concluded that white matter hyperintensities are associated with a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke. Depression. White matter changes have been associated with a higher risk of depression in older people, and may represent a contributor to depression that is particular to having first-time depression in later life. Vascular dementia. Signs of cerebral SVD are associated with both having vascular dementia, and eventually developing vascular dementia. Other dementias. Research suggests that cerebral SVD is also associated with an increased risk or increased severity of other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimers disease. Autopsy studies have confirmed that many older adults with dementia show signs of both Alzheimers pathology and cerebral small vessel disease. Transition to disability or death. In a 2009 study of 639 non-disabled older persons (mean age 74), over a three-year follow-up period, 29.5% of participants with severe white matter changes and 15.1% of participants with moderate white matter changes developed disabilities or died. In comparison, only 10.5% of participants with mild white matter changes transitioned to disability or death over three years. The researchers concluded that severity of cerebral SVD is an important risk factor for overall decline in older adults.

• #152 A Small Vessel Disease syndrome? Symptoms associated with cerebral SVD progression and incident infarcts after minor stroke | British Geriatrics Society

  https://www.bgs.org.uk/a-small-vessel-disease-syndrome-symptoms-associated-with-cerebral-svd-progression-and-incident

  Small vessel disease (SVD) lesions may cause symptoms apart from stroke. We aimed to determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression and incident infarcts associate with gait, mood, and cognitive symptoms. […] WMH progression over one year was associated with falls (OR=4.13 [95% CI=1.6-10.1]); self-reported brain fog (OR=3.13 [95% CI=1.11-8.82]); and increasing NPI-Q scores (est=2.12 [95% CI=0.46-3.77] p=0.012). Baseline and one-year WMH volumes were cross-sectionally associated with apathy (baseline OR=8.78 [95% CI=2.56-31.88]; one-year OR=4.83 [95% CI=1.43-17.26]). […] SVD progression following minor stroke co-associates with specific gait/cognitive/mood symptoms. WMH progression and incident infarcts may cause non-focal, non-stroke symptoms which characterise a potential SVD syndrome.

• #153 Early Onset Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Symptoms and Progression

  https://brainfoundation.org.au/research-grants/2019/cerebral-diseases-14/

  Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common feature of the ageing brain, associated with up to 45% increased dementia risk and 20% increased risk of strokes. […] If not treated, OSA has been reported to promote CSVD progression. […] There is currently no MRI protocol able to identify early stage CSVD or to monitor disease progression in the early stages. […] Thus, the project aims to develop a novel brain MRI protocol able to characterise early CSVD using people with OSA as a high risk population, with the objectives of developing clinical recommendations.

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