Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cholera – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/cholera/

  Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. […] The infection is characterized by profuse watery stools, vomiting, dehydration, and collapse. […] Cholera is a gastrointestinal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes the body to lose water and electrolytes, leading to severe diarrhea. […] The primary mode of transmission for cholera is through the fecal contamination of food and water, often resulting from poor sanitation practices. […] Cholera is a serious disease that can be fatal, but it is preventable. The best way to prevent cholera is to follow proper sanitation practices. […] Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is the primary treatment for cholera. It is recommended for rehydrating patients and replenishing electrolytes lost through diarrhea.

• #2 Vibrio cholerae Infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526099/

  Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhea caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. Cholera is characterized by severe, acute, large-volume, watery diarrhea resulting in rapid dehydration and is associated with high mortality if not treated promptly. […] Prompt oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics are the cornerstones for the treatment of cholera. […] Appropriate oral and intravenous rehydration therapy and administering antibiotics and electrolytes are the cornerstones for treating cholera. Oral cholera vaccines are a significant component of the treatment and control strategies implemented in endemic zones or during an outbreak. […] Oral rehydration therapy is the mainstay treatment for acute cholera infection and has dramatically improved patient outcomes globally when given to patients for cholera and all other dehydrating diarrheal diseases.

• #3 Vibrio cholerae Infection – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526099/

  Cholera is an acute secretory diarrhea caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. Cholera is characterized by severe, acute, large-volume, watery diarrhea resulting in rapid dehydration and is associated with high mortality if not treated promptly. […] Prompt oral rehydration therapy and antibiotics are the cornerstones for the treatment of cholera. […] Appropriate oral and intravenous rehydration therapy and administering antibiotics and electrolytes are the cornerstones for treating cholera. Oral cholera vaccines are a significant component of the treatment and control strategies implemented in endemic zones or during an outbreak. […] Oral rehydration therapy is the mainstay treatment for acute cholera infection and has dramatically improved patient outcomes globally when given to patients for cholera and all other dehydrating diarrheal diseases.

• #4 Cholera – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/cholera/

  Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. […] The infection is characterized by profuse watery stools, vomiting, dehydration, and collapse. […] Cholera is a gastrointestinal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes the body to lose water and electrolytes, leading to severe diarrhea. […] The primary mode of transmission for cholera is through the fecal contamination of food and water, often resulting from poor sanitation practices. […] Cholera is a serious disease that can be fatal, but it is preventable. The best way to prevent cholera is to follow proper sanitation practices. […] Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is the primary treatment for cholera. It is recommended for rehydrating patients and replenishing electrolytes lost through diarrhea.

• #5 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #6 Cholera – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/cholera/

  Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. […] The infection is characterized by profuse watery stools, vomiting, dehydration, and collapse. […] Cholera is a gastrointestinal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria produce a toxin that causes the body to lose water and electrolytes, leading to severe diarrhea. […] The primary mode of transmission for cholera is through the fecal contamination of food and water, often resulting from poor sanitation practices. […] Cholera is a serious disease that can be fatal, but it is preventable. The best way to prevent cholera is to follow proper sanitation practices. […] Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) is the primary treatment for cholera. It is recommended for rehydrating patients and replenishing electrolytes lost through diarrhea.

• #7 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #8 Cholera | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/cholera

  Cholera is preventable and easily treated, yet it infects millions of people each year and causes up to 143,000 deaths worldwide. […] Cholera symptoms typically appear within 2-3 days of infection and vary widely, from mild to severe. In severe cases, people have profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps, leading to dehydration and shock that can become fatal within hours if patients don’t receive care. […] Most cases of cholera are simple to treat, and treatment is highly effective if patients receive it promptly. Mild and moderate cases of cholera are treated by having patients drink large amounts of oral rehydration solutiona mixture of sugars and salts in water. The sickest patients may need intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Without treatment, patients may die within hours, but with proper care the death rate usually drops to 2% or less.

• #9 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #10 Cholera in community health nursing | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cholera-in-community-health-nursing/249280807

  Common signs and symptoms include watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Severe signs and symptoms include low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and persistent vomiting. […] Drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, and eating raw or undercooked shellfish that are naturally contaminated are modes of transmission. […] Health care providers should take precautions to prevent the spread of cholera in clinical settings. Hand washing with soap and clean water is essential. […] Treatment involves rehydration, with severe cases requiring intravenous rehydration at a rate of 50-100ml/kg/hour, and antibiotic treatment for adults may include Doxycycline or Ciprofloxacin.

• #11 Frequently Asked Questions | Stop Cholera

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/stop-cholera/frequently-asked-questions

  Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In severe cases, loss of so much diarrhea fluid leads rapidly to dehydration and death if appropriate treatment is not provided immediately. […] Patients can die in 4 to 24 hours if fluid and electrolyte losses from diarrhea and vomiting are not replaced. Dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia – low potassium concentration in the blood), metabolic acidosis, and hypovolemic shock may occur if diarrheal and vomiting losses are not replaced. […] Rapid rehydration to correct the dehydration is needed, followed by maintenance hydration to replace ongoing fluid. If the patient is severely dehydrated or is in shock, rapid administration of intravenous fluids is needed. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) may be given to patients with mild or moderate dehydration who are able to drink.

• #12 Cholera in community health nursing | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cholera-in-community-health-nursing/249280807

  Common signs and symptoms include watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Severe signs and symptoms include low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and persistent vomiting. […] Drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, and eating raw or undercooked shellfish that are naturally contaminated are modes of transmission. […] Health care providers should take precautions to prevent the spread of cholera in clinical settings. Hand washing with soap and clean water is essential. […] Treatment involves rehydration, with severe cases requiring intravenous rehydration at a rate of 50-100ml/kg/hour, and antibiotic treatment for adults may include Doxycycline or Ciprofloxacin.

• #13 Frequently Asked Questions | Stop Cholera

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/stop-cholera/frequently-asked-questions

  Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In severe cases, loss of so much diarrhea fluid leads rapidly to dehydration and death if appropriate treatment is not provided immediately. […] Patients can die in 4 to 24 hours if fluid and electrolyte losses from diarrhea and vomiting are not replaced. Dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia – low potassium concentration in the blood), metabolic acidosis, and hypovolemic shock may occur if diarrheal and vomiting losses are not replaced. […] Rapid rehydration to correct the dehydration is needed, followed by maintenance hydration to replace ongoing fluid. If the patient is severely dehydrated or is in shock, rapid administration of intravenous fluids is needed. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) may be given to patients with mild or moderate dehydration who are able to drink.

• #14 Preventing Cholera: Five Basic Steps | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html

  Cholera can cause life-threatening watery diarrhea and vomiting. […] Cholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, is rare in the US and other industrialized nations. Cholera can be life-threatening, but it is easily prevented and treated.

• #15

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera

  Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that can be fatal within hours if not treated. Quick access to treatment is crucial. […] Most people with cholera have no or mild symptoms and can be treated with oral rehydration solution. Severe cases need intravenous fluids, oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Most people with cholera have mild or moderate diarrhoea and can be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the disease can progress rapidly, so starting treatment quickly is vital to save lives. Patients with severe disease need intravenous fluids, ORS and antibiotics. […] Cholera is an easily treatable disease. Most people can be treated successfully with prompt ORS administration. Severely dehydrated patients are at risk of dying from dehydration and need rapid intravenous fluids. They also receive oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Community access to ORS is essential during a cholera outbreak.

• #16 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #17 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #18 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for cholera are: Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss through the stool or emesis. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of fluids through diarrhea, inadequate intake. Risk for infection related to microorganisms that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal, related to irritation from diarrhea. Anxiety related to separation from parents, unfamiliar environment, a stressful procedure. […] The major nursing care planning goals for cholera: Patient will maintain adequate hydration. Patient will consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient will prevent onset of infection. Patient will maintain skin integrity. Patient will prevent anxiety. […] The nursing interventions on a patient diagnosed with cholera are: Monitor intake and output. Note number, character, and amount of stools; estimate insensible fluid losses like diaphoresis; measure urine specific gravity and observe for oliguria. Weigh daily. Daily weight is an indicator of overall fluid and nutritional status. Maintain hydration. Replace ongoing fluid losses until diarrhea stops. Administer medications as indicated. Give an oral antibiotic to the patient with severe dehydration as prescribed.

• #19 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for cholera are: Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss through the stool or emesis. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of fluids through diarrhea, inadequate intake. Risk for infection related to microorganisms that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal, related to irritation from diarrhea. Anxiety related to separation from parents, unfamiliar environment, a stressful procedure. […] The major nursing care planning goals for cholera: Patient will maintain adequate hydration. Patient will consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient will prevent onset of infection. Patient will maintain skin integrity. Patient will prevent anxiety. […] The nursing interventions on a patient diagnosed with cholera are: Monitor intake and output. Note number, character, and amount of stools; estimate insensible fluid losses like diaphoresis; measure urine specific gravity and observe for oliguria. Weigh daily. Daily weight is an indicator of overall fluid and nutritional status. Maintain hydration. Replace ongoing fluid losses until diarrhea stops. Administer medications as indicated. Give an oral antibiotic to the patient with severe dehydration as prescribed.

• #20 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for cholera are: Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss through the stool or emesis. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of fluids through diarrhea, inadequate intake. Risk for infection related to microorganisms that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal, related to irritation from diarrhea. Anxiety related to separation from parents, unfamiliar environment, a stressful procedure. […] The major nursing care planning goals for cholera: Patient will maintain adequate hydration. Patient will consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient will prevent onset of infection. Patient will maintain skin integrity. Patient will prevent anxiety. […] The nursing interventions on a patient diagnosed with cholera are: Monitor intake and output. Note number, character, and amount of stools; estimate insensible fluid losses like diaphoresis; measure urine specific gravity and observe for oliguria. Weigh daily. Daily weight is an indicator of overall fluid and nutritional status. Maintain hydration. Replace ongoing fluid losses until diarrhea stops. Administer medications as indicated. Give an oral antibiotic to the patient with severe dehydration as prescribed.

• #21 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for cholera are: Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss through the stool or emesis. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of fluids through diarrhea, inadequate intake. Risk for infection related to microorganisms that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal, related to irritation from diarrhea. Anxiety related to separation from parents, unfamiliar environment, a stressful procedure. […] The major nursing care planning goals for cholera: Patient will maintain adequate hydration. Patient will consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient will prevent onset of infection. Patient will maintain skin integrity. Patient will prevent anxiety. […] The nursing interventions on a patient diagnosed with cholera are: Monitor intake and output. Note number, character, and amount of stools; estimate insensible fluid losses like diaphoresis; measure urine specific gravity and observe for oliguria. Weigh daily. Daily weight is an indicator of overall fluid and nutritional status. Maintain hydration. Replace ongoing fluid losses until diarrhea stops. Administer medications as indicated. Give an oral antibiotic to the patient with severe dehydration as prescribed.

• #22 Cholera Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Guidelines, Cholera Cots

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962643-treatment

  Rehydration is the first priority in the treatment of cholera. Rehydration is accomplished in 2 phases: rehydration and maintenance. […] The goal of the rehydration phase is to restore normal hydration status, which should take no more than 4 hours. […] The goal of the maintenance phase is to maintain normal hydration status by replacing ongoing losses. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the management of cholera are practical, easily understood, and readily applied in clinical practice. […] In areas where cholera is endemic, cholera cots have been used to assess the volume of ongoing stool losses. […] Use of such a cot allows minimally trained health workers to calculate fluid losses and replacement needs. […] The WHO has provided recommendations for fluid replacement in patients with dehydration.

• #23 Treating Cholera | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/index.html

  Cholera can cause dehydration, which can lead to death in just a few hours. […] Rehydration therapy, which includes oral rehydration solution (ORS), is the most important treatment for cholera. […] The most important treatment for cholera is rehydration therapy to replace fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Rehydration therapy can include ORS, intravenous fluids, and electrolytes. With timely rehydration therapy, more than 99% of cholera patients survive. […] Many people can be completely rehydrated by drinking ORS, which is made with a prepackaged powder of salts and minerals and mixed with water that has been boiled or treated. […] If you think you might have cholera, start drinking ORS immediately, including on your way to a healthcare facility. […] Some people who are severely dehydrated may require fluids through an IV. They still should drink ORS as soon as possible.

• #24 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnosis for cholera are: Deficient fluid volume related to excessive fluid loss through the stool or emesis. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to loss of fluids through diarrhea, inadequate intake. Risk for infection related to microorganisms that penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Impaired Skin Integrity: perianal, related to irritation from diarrhea. Anxiety related to separation from parents, unfamiliar environment, a stressful procedure. […] The major nursing care planning goals for cholera: Patient will maintain adequate hydration. Patient will consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient will prevent onset of infection. Patient will maintain skin integrity. Patient will prevent anxiety. […] The nursing interventions on a patient diagnosed with cholera are: Monitor intake and output. Note number, character, and amount of stools; estimate insensible fluid losses like diaphoresis; measure urine specific gravity and observe for oliguria. Weigh daily. Daily weight is an indicator of overall fluid and nutritional status. Maintain hydration. Replace ongoing fluid losses until diarrhea stops. Administer medications as indicated. Give an oral antibiotic to the patient with severe dehydration as prescribed.

• #25 Treating Cholera | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/index.html

  Cholera can cause dehydration, which can lead to death in just a few hours. […] Rehydration therapy, which includes oral rehydration solution (ORS), is the most important treatment for cholera. […] The most important treatment for cholera is rehydration therapy to replace fluids lost through diarrhea and vomiting. Rehydration therapy can include ORS, intravenous fluids, and electrolytes. With timely rehydration therapy, more than 99% of cholera patients survive. […] Many people can be completely rehydrated by drinking ORS, which is made with a prepackaged powder of salts and minerals and mixed with water that has been boiled or treated. […] If you think you might have cholera, start drinking ORS immediately, including on your way to a healthcare facility. […] Some people who are severely dehydrated may require fluids through an IV. They still should drink ORS as soon as possible.

• #26 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  Cholera Management and Control […] Infants […] Emphasize to mother to continue breastfeed the baby […] If the baby is exclusively breastfeeding, give ORS or 100 to 200ml clean water in addition to breast milk […] If the baby is not exclusively breastfeeding, teach the mother to give food based fluids like rice water and soups or ORS […] Encourage the mother to give frequent small sips of clean water or ORS from a cup; the child vomits, tell to wait for at least 10 minutes and continue slowly […] Rehydration is the main goal to compensate for the fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting. […] Clients are encouraged to take more fluids as much as possible or are given with ORS to replace electrolyte losses. […] Children: 20ml/kg body weight per hour […] Adult: 1000ml per hour, if necessary

• #27 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  Cholera Management and Control […] Infants […] Emphasize to mother to continue breastfeed the baby […] If the baby is exclusively breastfeeding, give ORS or 100 to 200ml clean water in addition to breast milk […] If the baby is not exclusively breastfeeding, teach the mother to give food based fluids like rice water and soups or ORS […] Encourage the mother to give frequent small sips of clean water or ORS from a cup; the child vomits, tell to wait for at least 10 minutes and continue slowly […] Rehydration is the main goal to compensate for the fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting. […] Clients are encouraged to take more fluids as much as possible or are given with ORS to replace electrolyte losses. […] Children: 20ml/kg body weight per hour […] Adult: 1000ml per hour, if necessary

• #28 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  Cholera Management and Control […] Infants […] Emphasize to mother to continue breastfeed the baby […] If the baby is exclusively breastfeeding, give ORS or 100 to 200ml clean water in addition to breast milk […] If the baby is not exclusively breastfeeding, teach the mother to give food based fluids like rice water and soups or ORS […] Encourage the mother to give frequent small sips of clean water or ORS from a cup; the child vomits, tell to wait for at least 10 minutes and continue slowly […] Rehydration is the main goal to compensate for the fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting. […] Clients are encouraged to take more fluids as much as possible or are given with ORS to replace electrolyte losses. […] Children: 20ml/kg body weight per hour […] Adult: 1000ml per hour, if necessary

• #29 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  Cholera Management and Control […] Infants […] Emphasize to mother to continue breastfeed the baby […] If the baby is exclusively breastfeeding, give ORS or 100 to 200ml clean water in addition to breast milk […] If the baby is not exclusively breastfeeding, teach the mother to give food based fluids like rice water and soups or ORS […] Encourage the mother to give frequent small sips of clean water or ORS from a cup; the child vomits, tell to wait for at least 10 minutes and continue slowly […] Rehydration is the main goal to compensate for the fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting. […] Clients are encouraged to take more fluids as much as possible or are given with ORS to replace electrolyte losses. […] Children: 20ml/kg body weight per hour […] Adult: 1000ml per hour, if necessary

• #30 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  Cholera Management and Control […] Infants […] Emphasize to mother to continue breastfeed the baby […] If the baby is exclusively breastfeeding, give ORS or 100 to 200ml clean water in addition to breast milk […] If the baby is not exclusively breastfeeding, teach the mother to give food based fluids like rice water and soups or ORS […] Encourage the mother to give frequent small sips of clean water or ORS from a cup; the child vomits, tell to wait for at least 10 minutes and continue slowly […] Rehydration is the main goal to compensate for the fluid loss from diarrhea and vomiting. […] Clients are encouraged to take more fluids as much as possible or are given with ORS to replace electrolyte losses. […] Children: 20ml/kg body weight per hour […] Adult: 1000ml per hour, if necessary

• #31 Treating Cholera | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/index.html

  In addition to rehydration therapy, antibiotics may be recommended for severely ill patients and others depending on their symptoms and medical conditions. Antibiotics can help decrease how long someone is sick. However, antibiotics should be used along with aggressive rehydration. […] When available, children ages 6 months to 5 years with suspected cholera should be started on zinc supplementation immediately.

• #32 Cholera Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Guidelines, Cholera Cots

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962643-treatment

  Administer intravenous (IV) fluid immediately to replace fluid deficit. […] Monitor the patient frequently. […] Maintain hydration of patients presenting with severe or some dehydration. […] An effective antibiotic can reduce the volume of diarrhea in patients with severe cholera and shorten the period during which V cholerae O1 is excreted. […] Antibiotic treatment is indicated for severely dehydrated patients who are older than 2 years. […] Antimicrobial therapy is an adjunct to fluid therapy of cholera and is not an essential component. […] The choice of antibiotics is determined by the susceptibility patterns of the local strains of V cholerae O1 or O139. […] The current response to cholera outbreaks tends to be reactive, in the form of an emergency response. […] Sensitive surveillance and prompt reporting contribute to the rapid containment of cholera epidemics. […] Cholera vaccination is no longer officially required for any international traveler. […] The vaccine is highly protective against moderate and severe cholera, and it is very well tolerated and extremely immunogenic.

• #33 Treating Cholera | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/treatment/index.html

  In addition to rehydration therapy, antibiotics may be recommended for severely ill patients and others depending on their symptoms and medical conditions. Antibiotics can help decrease how long someone is sick. However, antibiotics should be used along with aggressive rehydration. […] When available, children ages 6 months to 5 years with suspected cholera should be started on zinc supplementation immediately.

• #34 Cholera Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Treatment Guidelines, Cholera Cots

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962643-treatment

  Administer intravenous (IV) fluid immediately to replace fluid deficit. […] Monitor the patient frequently. […] Maintain hydration of patients presenting with severe or some dehydration. […] An effective antibiotic can reduce the volume of diarrhea in patients with severe cholera and shorten the period during which V cholerae O1 is excreted. […] Antibiotic treatment is indicated for severely dehydrated patients who are older than 2 years. […] Antimicrobial therapy is an adjunct to fluid therapy of cholera and is not an essential component. […] The choice of antibiotics is determined by the susceptibility patterns of the local strains of V cholerae O1 or O139. […] The current response to cholera outbreaks tends to be reactive, in the form of an emergency response. […] Sensitive surveillance and prompt reporting contribute to the rapid containment of cholera epidemics. […] Cholera vaccination is no longer officially required for any international traveler. […] The vaccine is highly protective against moderate and severe cholera, and it is very well tolerated and extremely immunogenic.

• #35 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  If moderate to severe dehydration ensues, intravenous infusion with normal saline or Lactate ringers solution is main priority. […] Administration of antibiotic is done to reduce the volume and duration of diarrhea. Meanwhile, Zinc supplement is given to children to reduce the duration of diarrhea and to minimize its successive episodes. […] Parenteral vaccines and mass chemoprophylaxis are not recommended by WHO for its high rates of severe adverse reactions. The available Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in the market is only limited but best suitable for travellers aging 2 years old and above.

• #36 Cholera – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/cholera/

  Patients should be isolated to prevent the spread of infection, as stools and vomit are highly infectious. […] Ten specific nursing care measures in an outbreak of cholera: Wash hands with soap and running water frequently, especially after using the toilet and before handling food. […] Monitor intake and output, taking note of the number, character, and amount of stools. […] Practice hand hygiene by washing hands or using hand sanitizer before and after having contact with the patient.

• #37 Cholera – Nurses Revision

  https://nursesrevisionuganda.com/cholera/

  Patients should be isolated to prevent the spread of infection, as stools and vomit are highly infectious. […] Ten specific nursing care measures in an outbreak of cholera: Wash hands with soap and running water frequently, especially after using the toilet and before handling food. […] Monitor intake and output, taking note of the number, character, and amount of stools. […] Practice hand hygiene by washing hands or using hand sanitizer before and after having contact with the patient.

• #38 Cholera in community health nursing | PPT

  https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/cholera-in-community-health-nursing/249280807

  Common signs and symptoms include watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Severe signs and symptoms include low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and persistent vomiting. […] Drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, and eating raw or undercooked shellfish that are naturally contaminated are modes of transmission. […] Health care providers should take precautions to prevent the spread of cholera in clinical settings. Hand washing with soap and clean water is essential. […] Treatment involves rehydration, with severe cases requiring intravenous rehydration at a rate of 50-100ml/kg/hour, and antibiotic treatment for adults may include Doxycycline or Ciprofloxacin.

• #39 Cholera

  https://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Cholera

  Avoid preparing or handling food and drinks for other people in your household until at least 24 hours after your symptoms have finished. If you must handle or prepare food, thoroughly wash your hands beforehand to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. […] Wash and dry your hands thoroughly after going to the toilet. […] Immediately remove and wash any clothes or bedding contaminated with vomit or diarrhoea using detergent and hot water. […] After an episode of diarrhoea or vomiting, clean contaminated surfaces (for example, benches, floors and toilets) immediately using detergent and hot water. Then disinfect surfaces using a bleach-based product diluted according to the manufacturers instructions. […] Clean carpet or soft furnishings contaminated with diarrhoea or vomit immediately using detergent and hot water and then steam clean. […] If you work in or attend a high-risk setting (such as health care, residential or child care facilities) or if you handle food as part of your job, you will be contacted by your local public health unit to discuss extra precautions and testing that will be required before you can return to work.

• #40 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Cholera Nursing Care ManagementCholera Nursing Care Management This study guide will enable you to learn more about cholera, its risk factors, clinical manifestation, treatment, nursing diagnosis, nursing interventions, and nursing management. Cholera which continues to be a threat to public health, usually affects individuals who has travel to or live in places with poor sanitation and lack of safe drinking water. This disease is also closely related with poverty, overpopulation, lack of safe disposal of excreta, and unhygienic practices during food preparation, handling and storage. […] The nursing care of a client with cholera include the following: Assessment of the patient with cholera are as follows: Assess for dehydration. Assess the status of dehydration (skin color, temperature, skin turgor, mucous membranes, eyes, crown, body temperature, pulse, respiration, behavior, weight loss). Observe for diarrhea. Observe for a sudden attack of diarrhea, fever, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal cramps, increased bowel sounds, and bowel movements more than 3 times a day, with liquid stool consistency, with or without mucus or blood. Assess the level of knowledge of the family. Assess for the knowledge of diarrhea at home, dietary knowledge, and knowledge about the prevention of recurrent diarrhea.

• #41 Appendix 10. Key messages for health education | Cholera Outbreak Response Field Manual

  https://www.choleraoutbreak.org/book-page/appendix-10-key-messages-health-education.html

  Cholera is a diarrhoeal illness caused by a bacterial infection in the intestine. […] Cholera causes severe watery diarrhoea and may cause vomiting. […] Cholera can cause death from dehydration (the loss of water and salts from the body) within hours if not treated. […] The biggest danger of cholera is loss of fluid from the body. […] The sick person should drink a solution of oral rehydration salts (ORS) made with safe (boiled or chlorinated) water. […] Go immediately to see the community health worker or to the health centre. The sick person should continue to drink ORS while seeking care. […] Wash your hands with soap and safe water after taking care of sick people, touching them or their clothes or bedding, or handling or cleaning up their stools or vomit. […] Avoid direct contact with stools and vomit from a person who is sick with cholera. The fluids should be dumped in the latrine and the carrying vessel carefully cleaned/disinfected.

• #42 Appendix 10. Key messages for health education | Cholera Outbreak Response Field Manual

  https://www.choleraoutbreak.org/book-page/appendix-10-key-messages-health-education.html

  Cholera is a diarrhoeal illness caused by a bacterial infection in the intestine. […] Cholera causes severe watery diarrhoea and may cause vomiting. […] Cholera can cause death from dehydration (the loss of water and salts from the body) within hours if not treated. […] The biggest danger of cholera is loss of fluid from the body. […] The sick person should drink a solution of oral rehydration salts (ORS) made with safe (boiled or chlorinated) water. […] Go immediately to see the community health worker or to the health centre. The sick person should continue to drink ORS while seeking care. […] Wash your hands with soap and safe water after taking care of sick people, touching them or their clothes or bedding, or handling or cleaning up their stools or vomit. […] Avoid direct contact with stools and vomit from a person who is sick with cholera. The fluids should be dumped in the latrine and the carrying vessel carefully cleaned/disinfected.

• #43 Appendix 10. Key messages for health education | Cholera Outbreak Response Field Manual

  https://www.choleraoutbreak.org/book-page/appendix-10-key-messages-health-education.html

  Cholera is a diarrhoeal illness caused by a bacterial infection in the intestine. […] Cholera causes severe watery diarrhoea and may cause vomiting. […] Cholera can cause death from dehydration (the loss of water and salts from the body) within hours if not treated. […] The biggest danger of cholera is loss of fluid from the body. […] The sick person should drink a solution of oral rehydration salts (ORS) made with safe (boiled or chlorinated) water. […] Go immediately to see the community health worker or to the health centre. The sick person should continue to drink ORS while seeking care. […] Wash your hands with soap and safe water after taking care of sick people, touching them or their clothes or bedding, or handling or cleaning up their stools or vomit. […] Avoid direct contact with stools and vomit from a person who is sick with cholera. The fluids should be dumped in the latrine and the carrying vessel carefully cleaned/disinfected.

• #44 Appendix 10. Key messages for health education | Cholera Outbreak Response Field Manual

  https://www.choleraoutbreak.org/book-page/appendix-10-key-messages-health-education.html

  Cholera is a diarrhoeal illness caused by a bacterial infection in the intestine. […] Cholera causes severe watery diarrhoea and may cause vomiting. […] Cholera can cause death from dehydration (the loss of water and salts from the body) within hours if not treated. […] The biggest danger of cholera is loss of fluid from the body. […] The sick person should drink a solution of oral rehydration salts (ORS) made with safe (boiled or chlorinated) water. […] Go immediately to see the community health worker or to the health centre. The sick person should continue to drink ORS while seeking care. […] Wash your hands with soap and safe water after taking care of sick people, touching them or their clothes or bedding, or handling or cleaning up their stools or vomit. […] Avoid direct contact with stools and vomit from a person who is sick with cholera. The fluids should be dumped in the latrine and the carrying vessel carefully cleaned/disinfected.

• #45 Cholera | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/cholera

  An effective response to cholera involves engaging on several different fronts at the same timeand as fast as possibleto treat sick patients and to stop transmission within communities. […] When an outbreak is reported, MSF sets up dedicated cholera treatment centers at central locations. These centers are specialized isolation wards for rapidly treating large numbers of patients while preventing disease spread beyond the facilitypatients, caregivers, and medical staff have controlled entrances, exits, and decontamination areas, where they are sprayed with chlorine. […] During outbreaks, health promoters visit schools, churches, markets, and homes to help people implement measures to protect themselves against cholera and know what to do if they develop diarrhea. […] MSF is increasingly using vaccination to help curb cholera outbreaks that are predicted to start soon or have just begun. A big advantage of the cholera vaccine is that it is oral, so its very simple to administerpeople simply drink it.

• #46 Management of a cholera epidemic – Practical guide for doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, medical auxiliaries, water and sanitation specialists and logisticians – World | ReliefWeb

  https://reliefweb.int/report/world/management-cholera-epidemic-practical-guide-doctors-nurses-laboratory-technicians-medical-auxiliaries-water-and-sanitation-specialists-and-logisticians

  Cholera is a transmissible diarrhoeal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae. […] This guide is intended for medical and non-medical staff responding to a cholera outbreak. […] Chapter 3, Cholera control measures, details measures and tools to prevent and/or control cholera transmission and mortality in populations affected, or at risk of being affected, by an epidemic (curative care, prevention means and health promotion activities). […] Chapter 5, Cholera case management, details the different stages of cholera treatment, from diagnosis through to cure. […] Chapter 6, Setting up cholera treatment facilities, focuses on the installation of treatment facilities that vary in size and complexity according to operational requirements (treatment centres and units and oral rehydration points). […] Chapter 7, Organisation of cholera treatment facilities, describes the organisation of these specialized facilities in terms of human resources, supply, water, hygiene and sanitation, etc.

• #47 Cholera | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/cholera

  An effective response to cholera involves engaging on several different fronts at the same timeand as fast as possibleto treat sick patients and to stop transmission within communities. […] When an outbreak is reported, MSF sets up dedicated cholera treatment centers at central locations. These centers are specialized isolation wards for rapidly treating large numbers of patients while preventing disease spread beyond the facilitypatients, caregivers, and medical staff have controlled entrances, exits, and decontamination areas, where they are sprayed with chlorine. […] During outbreaks, health promoters visit schools, churches, markets, and homes to help people implement measures to protect themselves against cholera and know what to do if they develop diarrhea. […] MSF is increasingly using vaccination to help curb cholera outbreaks that are predicted to start soon or have just begun. A big advantage of the cholera vaccine is that it is oral, so its very simple to administerpeople simply drink it.

• #48 Cholera | MSF medical response

  https://www.msf.org/cholera

  Cholera occurs in areas with poor access to sanitation and unsafe drinking water – so providing people with clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities is vital to preventing and curbing any outbreaks. […] Vaccines against cholera are orally administered, which is practical for mass vaccination and does not require medical personnel. […] A rapid response is vital to containing the spread of a cholera outbreak. […] The design of the Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC) by MSF was a significant contribution to cholera epidemic response. A CTC is set up outside of the main hospital to prevent the spread of the disease and is fully autonomous.

• #49 Nursing heroes combat cholera | Partners In Health

  https://www.pih.org/article/nursing-heroes-combat-cholera

  I have worked as a nurse in infectious diseases for almost 25 years. I never thought I would see cholera in my lifetime. Yet, alarmingly, cholera has sickened over 532,000 Haitians and killed over 7,000. […] As usual, nurses are on the frontline of the battle against this killer. They coax oral rehydration into patients. They start IVs for those already dangerously dehydrated. They give antibiotics to the most seriously ill. They perform the less glamorous, but critical, duty of keeping patients as clean as possible while suffering through horrific vomiting and diarrhea. […] Miss Ketty and Miss Tulm are two nursing heroes who are on the frontline treating cholera at Zanmi Lasante (PIHs sister organization in Haiti). Both are very experienced, long-time, community health nurses who have mobilized community health workers, launched community education efforts about water hygiene, and kept the word out in rural communities that cholera is deadly. […] But we know that, no matter what cholera throws at them, the nurses of Zanmi Lasante will continue to provide compassionate, lifesaving care.

• #50 Disease Management of Cholera in Yemen Among People Displaced by Conflict | OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing

  https://ojin.nursingworld.org/table-of-contents/volume-26-2021/number-3-september-2021/articles-on-previously-published-topics/disease-management-of-cholera-in-yemen-among-people-displaced-by-conflict/

  Cholera has struck Yemen particularly hard. More than one million cases have been reported in Yemen, making it the largest epidemic of cholera in modern history. […] Recommendations are based upon current literature addressing cholera outbreaks with particular emphasis on the advocacy role of public health nurses. […] The primary concern with cholera is massive fluid and electrolyte loss. Such fluid loss can cause severe dehydration which can be especially difficult to treat in areas where water is scarce or unfit for drinking. […] Cholera is an easily treatable disease. Approximately 80% of cases can be treated with basic oral rehydration. More severe cases may need treatment with antibiotics and IV rehydration therapy. […] The most effective way to treat an outbreak of cholera is to focus on prevention. Some prevention strategies include: providing safe drinking water, constructing sanitation facilities, and promoting breastfeeding for infants. […] Public health nurses can play an important role in resolving the problem of the cholera epidemic in Yemen. On-the-scene workers are the ones making the biggest difference and who are responsible for keeping the mortality rate low from this epidemic.

• #51 Nursing heroes combat cholera | Partners In Health

  https://www.pih.org/article/nursing-heroes-combat-cholera

  I have worked as a nurse in infectious diseases for almost 25 years. I never thought I would see cholera in my lifetime. Yet, alarmingly, cholera has sickened over 532,000 Haitians and killed over 7,000. […] As usual, nurses are on the frontline of the battle against this killer. They coax oral rehydration into patients. They start IVs for those already dangerously dehydrated. They give antibiotics to the most seriously ill. They perform the less glamorous, but critical, duty of keeping patients as clean as possible while suffering through horrific vomiting and diarrhea. […] Miss Ketty and Miss Tulm are two nursing heroes who are on the frontline treating cholera at Zanmi Lasante (PIHs sister organization in Haiti). Both are very experienced, long-time, community health nurses who have mobilized community health workers, launched community education efforts about water hygiene, and kept the word out in rural communities that cholera is deadly. […] But we know that, no matter what cholera throws at them, the nurses of Zanmi Lasante will continue to provide compassionate, lifesaving care.

• #52 Disease Management of Cholera in Yemen Among People Displaced by Conflict | OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing

  https://ojin.nursingworld.org/table-of-contents/volume-26-2021/number-3-september-2021/articles-on-previously-published-topics/disease-management-of-cholera-in-yemen-among-people-displaced-by-conflict/

  Public health nurses can fill several roles in the fight against cholera. For those interested in direct involvement in Yemen, it is wise to partner with an organization that is already established within the country. […] While many aid organizations are working hard to combat the issue, much more is needed. Ultimately, the best solution to this problem is to bring peace to the region. But until peace is achieved, efforts should be focused on providing clean water, preventing the spread of cholera, researching vaccine effectiveness, and treating those affected by the disease.

• #53 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: Patient was able to maintain adequate hydration. Patient was able to consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient was able to prevent onset of infection. Patient was able to maintain skin integrity. Patient was able to prevent anxiety. […] Documentation in a patient with cholera include the following: Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #54 Cholera Nursing Care Management (Study Guide) – Nurseslabs

  https://nurseslabs.com/cholera/

  Nursing goals are met as evidenced by: Patient was able to maintain adequate hydration. Patient was able to consume adequate nutritional requirements. Patient was able to prevent onset of infection. Patient was able to maintain skin integrity. Patient was able to prevent anxiety. […] Documentation in a patient with cholera include the following: Individual findings, including factors affecting, interactions, nature of social exchanges, specifics of individual behavior. Cultural and religious beliefs, and expectations. Plan of care. Teaching plan. Responses to interventions, teaching, and actions performed. Attainment or progress toward the desired outcome.

• #55 Cholera (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholera.html

  Cholera is a bacterial infection of the intestines. The good news is, cholera is easy to treat if it’s caught early. People who have mild to moderate cases usually get better within a week. Even those with severe cases recover fully in a week or so if they get medical care. […] Cholera needs immediate treatment because severe dehydration can happen within hours. Fortunately, treatment is simple and very effective. Very few people who get treatment die. […] The goal of cholera treatment is to replace all the fluids and electrolytes (salts) lost through diarrhea and vomiting. For mild dehydration, a doctor may recommend drinking an over-the-counter rehydration solution. People with more severe cases of cholera may need to stay in the hospital and get intravenous (IV) fluids. […] Sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat cholera. The antibiotics are not as important as rehydrating, but they can help shorten the length of time a person is sick. They also might make cholera-related diarrhea less severe. Sometimes doctors also prescribe zinc supplements. […] Anti-diarrheal medicines can actually make the symptoms of cholera worse, so people who think they may have cholera should avoid taking them.

• #56 Cholera (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholera.html

• #57 Cholera (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholera.html

  Cholera is a bacterial infection of the intestines. The good news is, cholera is easy to treat if it’s caught early. People who have mild to moderate cases usually get better within a week. Even those with severe cases recover fully in a week or so if they get medical care. […] Cholera needs immediate treatment because severe dehydration can happen within hours. Fortunately, treatment is simple and very effective. Very few people who get treatment die. […] The goal of cholera treatment is to replace all the fluids and electrolytes (salts) lost through diarrhea and vomiting. For mild dehydration, a doctor may recommend drinking an over-the-counter rehydration solution. People with more severe cases of cholera may need to stay in the hospital and get intravenous (IV) fluids. […] Sometimes doctors prescribe antibiotics to treat cholera. The antibiotics are not as important as rehydrating, but they can help shorten the length of time a person is sick. They also might make cholera-related diarrhea less severe. Sometimes doctors also prescribe zinc supplements. […] Anti-diarrheal medicines can actually make the symptoms of cholera worse, so people who think they may have cholera should avoid taking them.

• #58 Cholera (for Parents) | Nemours KidsHealth

  https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cholera.html

• #59 Testimonies of mothers facing cholera | UNICEF

  https://www.unicef.org/haiti/en/stories/testimonies-mothers-facing-cholera

  Malnourished children are three times more likely to die from cholera. […] The acute diarrhea treatment center (CTDA) of Gheskio is in Bicentenaire. It is not far from Martissant, Carrefour Feuille and Citée Soleil, disadvantaged neighborhoods ravaged by the war of armed gangs where poverty and malnutrition are rampant. There, a large room accommodates 74 people suffering from the symptoms of cholera. The majority are women and children. […] In Citée Soleil, where the first cholera case was reported, up to 8,000 children under five are at risk of dying of concurrent malnutrition, wasting in this case, and cholera unless urgent action is taken to contain this threat. […] “One in three of those suffering from cholera is under the age of five. For children who are already weak from a lack of nutritious food, catching cholera, and suffering the effects, including diarrhea and vomiting, is close to a death sentence. They must be identified and treated urgently, and concrete measures must be taken to prevent new cholera cases in the communities.” […] UNICEF has made a preliminary appeal for cholera-specific response of US$ 22 million. So far, this appeal is un-funded.

• #60 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  If moderate to severe dehydration ensues, intravenous infusion with normal saline or Lactate ringers solution is main priority. […] Administration of antibiotic is done to reduce the volume and duration of diarrhea. Meanwhile, Zinc supplement is given to children to reduce the duration of diarrhea and to minimize its successive episodes. […] Parenteral vaccines and mass chemoprophylaxis are not recommended by WHO for its high rates of severe adverse reactions. The available Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in the market is only limited but best suitable for travellers aging 2 years old and above.

• #61 Frequently Asked Questions | Stop Cholera

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/stop-cholera/frequently-asked-questions

  Patients with cholera should be monitored closely, especially in the first 24 hours of illness as the severe purging and vomiting may continue. […] Antibiotic treatment is recommended for patients with severe or moderate diarrhea and should begin as soon as vomiting stops, which is usually 4-6 hours after initiation of rehydration therapy. […] Zinc supplementation has been shown to shorten the duration of diarrhea and reduce diarrhea episodes when given for 10-14 days.

• #62 Cholera – RNpedia

  https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/communicable-diseases-notes/cholera/

  If moderate to severe dehydration ensues, intravenous infusion with normal saline or Lactate ringers solution is main priority. […] Administration of antibiotic is done to reduce the volume and duration of diarrhea. Meanwhile, Zinc supplement is given to children to reduce the duration of diarrhea and to minimize its successive episodes. […] Parenteral vaccines and mass chemoprophylaxis are not recommended by WHO for its high rates of severe adverse reactions. The available Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in the market is only limited but best suitable for travellers aging 2 years old and above.

• #63 Frequently Asked Questions | Stop Cholera

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/stop-cholera/frequently-asked-questions

  Patients with cholera should be monitored closely, especially in the first 24 hours of illness as the severe purging and vomiting may continue. […] Antibiotic treatment is recommended for patients with severe or moderate diarrhea and should begin as soon as vomiting stops, which is usually 4-6 hours after initiation of rehydration therapy. […] Zinc supplementation has been shown to shorten the duration of diarrhea and reduce diarrhea episodes when given for 10-14 days.

• #64 Preventing Cholera: Five Basic Steps | Cholera | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html

  Cholera can cause life-threatening watery diarrhea and vomiting. […] Cholera, caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae, is rare in the US and other industrialized nations. Cholera can be life-threatening, but it is easily prevented and treated.

• #65 Everything you need to know about cholera | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/everything-you-need-know-about-cholera

  Access to clean water and proper sanitation infrastructure and hygiene measures reduces the likelihood of cholera outbreaks. […] Doctors Without Borders teams work to ensure the availability of sufficient latrines and adequate supplies of clean water from safe sources at both the home and community levels. […] Prevention and control of the spread of cholera require measures at the community level, especially when it comes to making communally supplied water safe for drinking. […] Engaging people in communities on hygiene measures, using soap, waste management, and avoiding contamination of water sources in addition to putting communities in charge of maintaining water points all contribute to more effective outbreak control.

• #66 Everything you need to know about cholera | Doctors Without Borders – USA

  https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/everything-you-need-know-about-cholera

  Access to clean water and proper sanitation infrastructure and hygiene measures reduces the likelihood of cholera outbreaks. […] Doctors Without Borders teams work to ensure the availability of sufficient latrines and adequate supplies of clean water from safe sources at both the home and community levels. […] Prevention and control of the spread of cholera require measures at the community level, especially when it comes to making communally supplied water safe for drinking. […] Engaging people in communities on hygiene measures, using soap, waste management, and avoiding contamination of water sources in addition to putting communities in charge of maintaining water points all contribute to more effective outbreak control.

• #67 Cholera: MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/cholera.html

  Cholera infections are often mild. […] If you think that you might have cholera, you should get medical care right away. […] Treatment is the replacement of the fluid and salts that you lost through the diarrhea. […] People with severe cases may need an I.V. to replace the fluids. […] Most people who get fluid replacement right away will recover. […] There are vaccines to prevent cholera. […] There are also simple steps you can take to help to prevent cholera infection: […] Wash your hands often with soap and clean water. […] Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables. […] Treating Cholera (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

• #68 Cholera | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Cholera

  The FDA recently approved a single-dose live oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora (lyophilized CVD 103-HgR) in the United States. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to approve the vaccine for adults 18-64 years old who are traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. […] Vaxchora has been reported to reduce the chance of severe diarrhea in people by 90% at 10 days after vaccination and by 80% at three months after vaccination. The safety and effectiveness of Vaxchora in pregnant or breastfeeding women is not yet known, and it is also not known how long protection lasts beyond 36 months after getting the vaccine. Side effects from Vaxchora are uncommon and may include tiredness, headache, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, lack of appetite, and diarrhea.

• #69 Cholera | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Cholera

  The FDA recently approved a single-dose live oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora (lyophilized CVD 103-HgR) in the United States. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to approve the vaccine for adults 18-64 years old who are traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. […] Vaxchora has been reported to reduce the chance of severe diarrhea in people by 90% at 10 days after vaccination and by 80% at three months after vaccination. The safety and effectiveness of Vaxchora in pregnant or breastfeeding women is not yet known, and it is also not known how long protection lasts beyond 36 months after getting the vaccine. Side effects from Vaxchora are uncommon and may include tiredness, headache, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, lack of appetite, and diarrhea.

• #70

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera

  Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that can be fatal within hours if not treated. Quick access to treatment is crucial. […] Most people with cholera have no or mild symptoms and can be treated with oral rehydration solution. Severe cases need intravenous fluids, oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Most people with cholera have mild or moderate diarrhoea and can be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the disease can progress rapidly, so starting treatment quickly is vital to save lives. Patients with severe disease need intravenous fluids, ORS and antibiotics. […] Cholera is an easily treatable disease. Most people can be treated successfully with prompt ORS administration. Severely dehydrated patients are at risk of dying from dehydration and need rapid intravenous fluids. They also receive oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Community access to ORS is essential during a cholera outbreak.

• #71 Cholera | MSF medical response

  https://www.msf.org/cholera

  The medical team at a cholera treatment centre provides care to cholera patients. Aden, Yemen, 12 May 2024. Athmar Mohammed/MSF […] Although easy to prevent and treat, cholera affects up to 4 million people worldwide per year, resulting in up to 140,000 deaths. […] Cholera can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and rapidly prove fatal, within hours, if not treated. But cholera is very simple to treat rehydration is key. Most people respond well to oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. In more serious cases, intravenous fluids are required. Ultimately, no-one should die of cholera. […] Cholera is relatively simple to treat in most cases, with people with mild to moderate forms usually able to recover through treatment with fluids and oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. People who are severely dehydrated may need intravenous fluids and hospitalisation. In these cases, they should be admitted to a Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC). Without treatment, the mortality rate can reach 50 per cent. With proper medical care, it’s around 0.2 per cent.

• #72 Cholera | MSF medical response

  https://www.msf.org/cholera

  The medical team at a cholera treatment centre provides care to cholera patients. Aden, Yemen, 12 May 2024. Athmar Mohammed/MSF […] Although easy to prevent and treat, cholera affects up to 4 million people worldwide per year, resulting in up to 140,000 deaths. […] Cholera can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and rapidly prove fatal, within hours, if not treated. But cholera is very simple to treat rehydration is key. Most people respond well to oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. In more serious cases, intravenous fluids are required. Ultimately, no-one should die of cholera. […] Cholera is relatively simple to treat in most cases, with people with mild to moderate forms usually able to recover through treatment with fluids and oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. People who are severely dehydrated may need intravenous fluids and hospitalisation. In these cases, they should be admitted to a Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC). Without treatment, the mortality rate can reach 50 per cent. With proper medical care, it’s around 0.2 per cent.

• #73

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cholera

  Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease that can be fatal within hours if not treated. Quick access to treatment is crucial. […] Most people with cholera have no or mild symptoms and can be treated with oral rehydration solution. Severe cases need intravenous fluids, oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Most people with cholera have mild or moderate diarrhoea and can be treated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). However, the disease can progress rapidly, so starting treatment quickly is vital to save lives. Patients with severe disease need intravenous fluids, ORS and antibiotics. […] Cholera is an easily treatable disease. Most people can be treated successfully with prompt ORS administration. Severely dehydrated patients are at risk of dying from dehydration and need rapid intravenous fluids. They also receive oral rehydration solution and antibiotics. […] Community access to ORS is essential during a cholera outbreak.

• #74 Frequently Asked Questions | Stop Cholera

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/stop-cholera/frequently-asked-questions

  Patients with cholera should be monitored closely, especially in the first 24 hours of illness as the severe purging and vomiting may continue. […] Antibiotic treatment is recommended for patients with severe or moderate diarrhea and should begin as soon as vomiting stops, which is usually 4-6 hours after initiation of rehydration therapy. […] Zinc supplementation has been shown to shorten the duration of diarrhea and reduce diarrhea episodes when given for 10-14 days.

• #75 Cholera – Diagnosis & treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholera/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355293

  Cholera needs to be treated right away because the disease can cause death within hours. Treatments include: […] Without treatment, up to half of people with serious bouts of cholera could die. With treatment, deaths drop to less than 1%. […] If you are in or have very recently returned from a country where cholera occurs, be aware of the symptoms. Get medical care right away if you have serious diarrhea or vomiting. […] Stay well hydrated. For diarrhea and vomiting that may be cholera-related, use an oral rehydration solution. […] In most developing countries, you can buy powdered packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS). These originally were developed by the World Health Organization to treat diarrhea and dehydration in infants with cholera.

• #76 Cholera | MSF medical response

  https://www.msf.org/cholera

  The medical team at a cholera treatment centre provides care to cholera patients. Aden, Yemen, 12 May 2024. Athmar Mohammed/MSF […] Although easy to prevent and treat, cholera affects up to 4 million people worldwide per year, resulting in up to 140,000 deaths. […] Cholera can cause severe diarrhoea and vomiting, and rapidly prove fatal, within hours, if not treated. But cholera is very simple to treat rehydration is key. Most people respond well to oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. In more serious cases, intravenous fluids are required. Ultimately, no-one should die of cholera. […] Cholera is relatively simple to treat in most cases, with people with mild to moderate forms usually able to recover through treatment with fluids and oral rehydration salts, which are easy to administer. People who are severely dehydrated may need intravenous fluids and hospitalisation. In these cases, they should be admitted to a Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC). Without treatment, the mortality rate can reach 50 per cent. With proper medical care, it’s around 0.2 per cent.

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