Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma | Cedars-Sinai

  https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma.html

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of cancer that affects the skin. It starts in blood cells called T-lymphocytes. CTCL causes itchy, scaly rashes, round patches, or bumps that can thicken to form lesions or tumors. This cancer is also known as lymphoma of the skin. CTCL is often a slow-growing cancer. It develops over many years. […] The symptoms of CTCL depend on how much of the skin is affected by the cancer. The most common symptoms of CTCL are: Skin changes. Patches, thick lesions (plaques), or bumps form on the skin. They’re dry, itchy, red, and scaly. The lesions can also be purple or brown in color or lighter than the skin around it. As the cancer spreads, these patches will cover more of the skin surface. They may also grow in size. They may thicken so that tumors form on the skin. MF tends to grow slowly. SS may cause skin redness over most of the body (erythroderma). […] Enlarged lymph nodes. In early stages of the cancer, lymph nodes are normal in size. But they become larger as the cancer spreads. In later stages, cancer cells from the skin may have spread into the lymph nodes, blood, and other organs.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Symptoms include small patches red or dry skin that grow or spread very slowly. […] Though T-cell lymphoma can also involve the blood, lymph nodes and internal organs, it most commonly affects the skin, causing rash-like patches, itching and sometimes even tumors. […] Usually, however, CTCL presents with skin symptoms, such as small patches of redness or dry skin that grow or spread very slowly, over long periods of time. […] Though cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is chronic, it is treatable. […] Diagnosis is made more difficult because CTCL can manifest in a subtle way. Many people initially experience only a few mild symptoms, perhaps small red or dry areas on their skin that grow very, very minimally over a long period of time. […] It can be very slow to develop, even over years. […] Treatment of CTCL can help to keep symptoms to a minimum, and even lead to remission. But the disease can recur, and treatments may need to be explored again.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20351056

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma can cause rash and slightly raised or scaly round patches on the skin. Sometimes other growths appear on the skin. […] Signs and symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include: Patches of raised or scaly skin that might itch. The patches happen most often on skin that doesn’t get much sun. Patches of skin that look pink, red, brown or gray. The color may be harder to see on Black and brown skin. Patches of skin that look lighter in color than the skin around them. This may be easier to see on Black and brown skin. Lumps that form on the skin and may break open. Lymph nodes that get bigger. Hair loss. Thickened skin on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. A rash over all the skin that is scaly and itchy. […] In one type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma called Sezary syndrome, the cancer cells also are in the blood.

• #1 Skin (cutaneous) T-cell lymphoma | Lymphoma Action

  https://lymphoma-action.org.uk/types-lymphoma-skin-lymphoma/skin-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Most T-cell skin lymphomas begin as patches of dry, discoloured skin (usually red), commonly on the buttocks or between the waist and shoulders (torso), but they can develop in other places. These patches may be itchy. They can look like more common skin conditions, such as dermatitis, eczema or psoriasis. Over time, other skin symptoms may develop, including: […] You might also have swollen lymph nodes (sometimes known as glands) in your neck, armpits or groin. They may be inflamed as a reaction to the nearby skin irritation or because they contain abnormal lymphoma cells. […] A small number of people with T-cell skin lymphomas have more general symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, fevers or night sweats.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma: Mycosis Fungoides & Sezary Syndrome

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that starts in the skin. […] CTCL is not a typical cancer of the skin because the affected cells are not skin cells. Instead, CTCL is a blood cancer. […] Mycosis fungoides is usually slow-growing and can take many years to spread or progress. It tends to progress in phases, starting with red, scaly patches on the skin that can last for months or years. Over time, these patches may get thick and eventually form raised tumors, called plaques. […] Szary syndrome is a rarer type of CTCL. It tends to grow and spread more quickly than mycosis fungoides. The symptoms are different, too. Most patients develop a large, red rash that tends to cover much of the body and may be thick, scaly, peeling and painful. The rash is usually very itchy.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) – a type of skin lymphoma | Macmillan Cancer Support

  https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/lymphoma/non-hodgkin/types/cutaneous-t-cell

  There may be one or more tumours on the skin that are greater than 1cm in size. The lymph nodes may or may not be affected. […] More than 80% of the skin is red (erythroderma). The lymph nodes may or may not be affected. […] There may be any of the skin symptoms described in the previous stages. Abnormal lymphocytes have spread to the lymph nodes or the blood. […] There may be any of the skin symptoms described in the previous stages. Abnormal lymphocytes have spread to the lymph nodes or the blood. The lymphoma has spread to other organs in the body, such as the liver, lungs or bone marrow.

• #1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17940-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may affect lymph nodes, spleen, large intestine, small intestine and inguinal lymph nodes In 10% of cases, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may affect your lymph nodes (top), spleen, large intestine, small intestine (middle) and inguinal lymph nodes (bottom). […] Many people have symptoms like skin rash, itchiness or discoloration for years before obtaining a diagnosis. […] Symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include: Bumps on your skin that might break open. Hair loss. Itchy, rash-like discoloration all over your body. Patches of skin discoloration. Raised skin rash that might be flaky or itchy. Swollen lymph nodes. Thickened skin on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. […] Most CTCLs grow very slowly and arent life-threatening. But some people develop serious forms of the condition. Healthcare providers cant cure CTCLs, but they can successfully manage symptoms with treatment. […] The overall 10-year survival rate for people with early-stage (Stage I or II) CTCL is 90%. That means that 9 out of 10 people with this condition are still alive 10 years later. People with late-stage CTCL (Stage III or IV) have an overall 10-year survival rate of 53%.

• #1 Staging Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma | Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation

  https://www.clfoundation.org/staging-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are staged differently depending on the type of cutaneous lymphoma. […] The staging of the most common type of CTCL, mycosis fungoides/Szary syndrome (MF/SS) is classified into stages IA through IVB using the TNMB system. […] For MF/SS, stages IA, IB, and IIA are considered early-stage disease. Stages IIB through IVB are considered advanced-stage disease, where the cancer is more widespread and/or has moved outside the skin to other places in the body such as the lymph nodes or other organs. […] Stage IA: Less than 10% of the skin is covered in red patches or plaques, and there is no blood, lymph node, or internal organ involvement. […] Stage IB: 10% or more of the skin is covered in patches or plaques, and there is no blood, lymph node, or internal organ involvement.

• #1 Staging Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma | Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation

  https://www.clfoundation.org/staging-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Stage IIA: Any amount of the skin surface is covered with patches or plaques and lymph nodes are enlarged and inflamed, but the cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes. […] Stage IIB: One or more tumors are found on the skin, lymph nodes may be enlarged, but cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes. […] Stage III: Nearly all of the skin is reddened and may have patches, plaques or tumors; lymph nodes may be enlarged, but cancer has not spread to them. […] Stage IVA: Most of the skin is reddened and cancer is found in the blood; cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes but does not involve other internal organs. […] Stage IVB: Most of the skin is reddened, and cancer is found in the blood; cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes and has spread to other organs.

• #1 LIVING WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMA | Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation

  https://www.clfoundation.org/living-diagnosis-cutaneous-lymphoma

  Over the course of your disease, there may be times when symptoms are present and quite intense and other times when you may experience a period of remission, sometimes many years long. […] However, during the outbreaks, it can be uncomfortable, debilitating and depressing. […] Physically, you may experience discomfort or pain at times from the illness itself or from treatment methods. […] Here are some common physical problems patients experience: Severe itching you may lose sleep because of it. Skin may feel hot and sore which can be a sign of infection. Skin may flake or burn. Skin tumors may become inflamed. Sleeping can be difficult because of itching or discomfort. You may have trouble finding comfortable clothes. Following your normal routine may take extra time because of additional skin care steps. You may have trouble using your hands because of scaling and cracking. You may not want to work or exercise because of fatigue or the condition of your skin.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Symptoms, Classification, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas typically present as patches, papules, nodules, plaques, and/or tumours. Itch is reported by 80% of patients. […] The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is often delayed by months or years due to the indolent course, clinical similarity to inflammatory dermatoses, and subtle changes on histopathology. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma papules, nodules, and tumours may ulcerate and become necrotic, healing with varioliform scarring. […] Extracutaneous spread affects 10%. […] Quality of life can be significantly impacted due the economic burden of a chronic disease, or to symptoms such as itch and pain, psychological effects including anxiety and depression, and visible skin changes including hair loss. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically follows a long slow course remaining confined to the skin, progressing over many years, and not usually life-threatening. […] Some forms of CTCL progress more rapidly with a minority developing advanced disease including tumour formation, extracutaneous spread (10%), and progression to systemic lymphoma.

• #1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma – Dawes Fretzin Dermatology Group

  https://dawesfretzin.com/terminology/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare cancer. […] Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of CTCL. This type tends to worsen very slowly. It can stay in its earliest stage, which often looks like rash, for years. In this stage, the cancer is often difficult to diagnose because it tends to looks like eczema or psoriasis. […] Szary syndrome is more aggressive. It can also look like eczema. Some people develop red and swollen skin over much of their body. Their skin may feel hot, sore, and extremely itchy. […] With this type of cancer, what you see on the skin (signs) and what you feel (symptoms) tend to vary with: The type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and How far the cancer has spread (stage). […] Although signs and symptoms tend to vary, itch can be a problem for anyone who has CTCL. Its is often the first symptom. Studies show that between 66% and 88% of people who have CTCL develop itchy skin.

• #1 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma – Lymphoma Research Foundation

  https://www.lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/nhl/ctcl/

  One of the most common forms of T-cell lymphoma is cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a general term for T-cell lymphomas that involve the skin. CTCL can also involve the blood, lymph nodes, and other internal organs. […] Symptoms can include dry skin, itching (which can be severe), a red rash, and enlarged lymph nodes. The disease affects men more often than women and usually occurs in men in their 40s, 50s, and 60s. […] Most patients with CTCL experience only skin symptoms. Some patients with early stage CTCL might not progress to later stages at all, while others might progress rapidly with the cancer spreading to lymph nodes and/or internal organs.

• #1 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma – Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

  https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/dermatology/patient-dermatology-information-leaflets/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/

  There are four stages of skin lymphoma; 1 to 4, although these are further broken down into A and B for each stage. Stages 1A, 1B, and 2A are considered early stage disease and 2B, 3 and 4 more advanced. […] The outlook or ‘prognosis’ depends on your age and general health and the stage of your disease. The majority of skin lymphomas presents at an early stage and is associated with a normal life expectancy. Advanced stage disease is associated with a reduced life expectancy, and your individual circumstances can be discussed with you in clinic. […] As cutaneous T cell lymphoma is often slow growing, the majority of patients will have no treatment (watch and wait) some of the time, with symptomatic ‘skin directed’ treatment when their condition is more active. Small localised areas of lymphoma can be cured by surgical removal, depending on the type of lymphoma. […] Patients with more advanced disease may require maintenance ‘systemic’ therapies to keep their skin lymphoma under control.

• #2 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma – Lymphoma Research Foundation

  https://www.lymphoma.org/understanding-lymphoma/aboutlymphoma/nhl/ctcl/

  One of the most common forms of T-cell lymphoma is cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a general term for T-cell lymphomas that involve the skin. CTCL can also involve the blood, lymph nodes, and other internal organs. […] Symptoms can include dry skin, itching (which can be severe), a red rash, and enlarged lymph nodes. The disease affects men more often than women and usually occurs in men in their 40s, 50s, and 60s. […] Most patients with CTCL experience only skin symptoms. Some patients with early stage CTCL might not progress to later stages at all, while others might progress rapidly with the cancer spreading to lymph nodes and/or internal organs.

• #2 What is mycosis fungoides? When a rash is cutaneous T cell lymphoma | MD Anderson Cancer Center

  https://www.mdanderson.org/cancerwise/what-is-mycosis-fungoides–when-a-rash-is-actually-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-cancer.h00-159542112.html

  Although skin lymphoma can originate from B cells, its more often seen with T cells. This is known as cutaneous T cell lymphoma. There are two main subtypes of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Mycosis fungoides is the most common subtype. Its slow growing and often easier to treat. Szary syndrome is a more aggressive subtype of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. In addition to cancerous cells building up at the skin, they are also in the blood. […] In its early stages, it can look like flaky, dry skin, so its often mistaken for eczema. It can also appear scaly like psoriasis and even as blisters on the skin. As the disease progresses, it can continue to develop into thicker patches known as plaques. Those plaques sometimes continue to develop into lumpy areas of the skin or into ulcers. Thats what we call tumors for this disease. Some patients have a red, flaky rash that covers their entire bodies. It can look almost like a third-degree sunburn. This is known as erythroderma and is more commonly seen in patients with Szary syndrome.

• #2 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17940-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may affect lymph nodes, spleen, large intestine, small intestine and inguinal lymph nodes In 10% of cases, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may affect your lymph nodes (top), spleen, large intestine, small intestine (middle) and inguinal lymph nodes (bottom). […] Many people have symptoms like skin rash, itchiness or discoloration for years before obtaining a diagnosis. […] Symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include: Bumps on your skin that might break open. Hair loss. Itchy, rash-like discoloration all over your body. Patches of skin discoloration. Raised skin rash that might be flaky or itchy. Swollen lymph nodes. Thickened skin on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. […] Most CTCLs grow very slowly and arent life-threatening. But some people develop serious forms of the condition. Healthcare providers cant cure CTCLs, but they can successfully manage symptoms with treatment. […] The overall 10-year survival rate for people with early-stage (Stage I or II) CTCL is 90%. That means that 9 out of 10 people with this condition are still alive 10 years later. People with late-stage CTCL (Stage III or IV) have an overall 10-year survival rate of 53%.

• #2 Skin lymphoma – Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) | Cancer Research UK

  https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types/skin

  CTCL is the most common type of skin lymphoma. It causes flat red patches on the skin that look like eczema and can be itchy. Several parts of the body can be affected. […] Many types of CTCL start as flat red patches on the skin, which can sometimes be itchy. With darker skin, the patches may appear lighter or darker than the surrounding skin. […] In the early stages, the skin patches can look like other common conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. […] Mycosis fungoides (MF) often starts as an irregular shaped area of dry or scaly skin. It can appear as a single patch or in several areas of the body. The patches can appear anywhere on the body but are more often found on the chest, abdomen, back and buttocks. These abnormal areas of skin might form scaly raised patches, called plaques.

• #2 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma: Mycosis Fungoides & Sezary Syndrome

  https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Symptoms of mycosis fungoides, the most common form of CTCL, may appear in different phases: The first sign of mycosis fungoides is a red, scaly rash on parts of the body that aren’t usually exposed to the sun. The rash may be itchy. Mycosis fungoides grows slowly, so these symptoms may persist for months, years or even decades for some patients. […] In the fourth phase is the tumor phase, when raised growths appear on top of the skin. These tumors may look like mushrooms. They tend to occur in areas such as the groin, breasts and armpits. The growths may split open and become infected. […] In about 10 percent of mycosis fungoides cases, the cancerous T-cells will spread from the skin to other parts of the body, such as lymph nodes or organs. […] Patients with Szary syndrome also have cancerous cells (called Szary cells) in their blood. […] Many other, more common conditions can cause the symptoms associated with CTCL. However, it’s important to see a dermatologist if you notice these kinds of changes in your skin, especially if the problem doesn’t go away or becomes worse.

• #2 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2139720-overview

  Szary syndrome is, with mycosis fungoides, one of the classic types of CTCL, although it is relatively rare. Szary syndrome is defined by erythroderma and leukemia. Signs and symptoms include the following: Edematous skin; Lymphadenopathy; Palmar and/or plantar hyperkeratosis; Alopecia; Nail dystrophy; Ectropion; Hepatosplenomegaly may be present. […] Ocular involvement may be evident in advanced CTCL. […] Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (44%), which has led some authors to use this term synonymously with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides itself is often an epidermotropic disorder and is characterized by the evolution of patches into plaques and tumors composed of small to medium-sized skin-homing T cells; some (or, rarely, all) of these T cells have convoluted, cerebriform nuclei.

• #2 Staging Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma | Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation

  https://www.clfoundation.org/staging-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Stage IIA: Any amount of the skin surface is covered with patches or plaques and lymph nodes are enlarged and inflamed, but the cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes. […] Stage IIB: One or more tumors are found on the skin, lymph nodes may be enlarged, but cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes. […] Stage III: Nearly all of the skin is reddened and may have patches, plaques or tumors; lymph nodes may be enlarged, but cancer has not spread to them. […] Stage IVA: Most of the skin is reddened and cancer is found in the blood; cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes but does not involve other internal organs. […] Stage IVB: Most of the skin is reddened, and cancer is found in the blood; cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes and has spread to other organs.

• #2 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Symptoms, Classification, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas typically present as patches, papules, nodules, plaques, and/or tumours. Itch is reported by 80% of patients. […] The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is often delayed by months or years due to the indolent course, clinical similarity to inflammatory dermatoses, and subtle changes on histopathology. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma papules, nodules, and tumours may ulcerate and become necrotic, healing with varioliform scarring. […] Extracutaneous spread affects 10%. […] Quality of life can be significantly impacted due the economic burden of a chronic disease, or to symptoms such as itch and pain, psychological effects including anxiety and depression, and visible skin changes including hair loss. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically follows a long slow course remaining confined to the skin, progressing over many years, and not usually life-threatening. […] Some forms of CTCL progress more rapidly with a minority developing advanced disease including tumour formation, extracutaneous spread (10%), and progression to systemic lymphoma.

• #2 Signs and Symptoms of Skin Lymphoma | American Cancer Society

  https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/skin-lymphoma/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html

  Lymphomas of the skin can be seen and felt. They can appear as: Papules (small, pimple-like lesions) […] The lesions are often itchy, scaly, and red to purple. The lymphoma might show up as more than one type of lesion and on different parts of the skin (often in areas not exposed to the sun). Some skin lymphomas appear as a rash over some or most of the body (known as erythroderma). Sometimes larger lesions can break open (ulcerate). […] Along with skin problems, in rare cases lymphoma of the skin can cause general symptoms, such as: Unexplained weight loss, Fever, Profuse sweating (enough to soak clothing), particularly at night, Severe itchiness. […] Sometimes a skin lymphoma can reach the lymph nodes (small, bean-sized collections of immune cells), which can make them bigger. An enlarged lymph node might be felt as a lump under the skin in the neck, underarm, or groin area.

• #2 Cutaneous Lymphoma Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/dermatology/cutaneous-lymphoma/symptoms

  Symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma depend on the stage of the cancer (how far it has spread). The most common signs and symptoms of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome during each stage of the disease include: […] Stage I: Dry, red, scaly patches, plaques (thick lesions), or bumps on skin (cover less than or at least 10 percent of the skin surface), but no tumors (lesions larger than one centimeter wide). Normal lymph nodes. […] Stage II: Dry, red, scaly patches, plaques, or bumps on skin (cover up to 80 percent of the skin surface), but no tumors. Lymph nodes are enlarged but do not contain cancer cells. […] At least one tumor on skin is one centimeter or more across. Lymph nodes are normal or larger than normal, but do not contain cancer cells. […] Stage III: Most of the skin (at least 80 percent) is dry, red, scaly or bumpy and may have tumors. Lymph nodes are normal or larger than normal, but do not contain cancer cells. There may be a small number of lymphoma cells in the blood.

• #2 Cutaneous Lymphoma Symptoms | Northwestern Medicine

  https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/dermatology/cutaneous-lymphoma/symptoms

  Stage IV: Skin is dry, red, scaly or bumpy, and may have tumors (any amount of the skin surface can be involved). There are many lymphoma cells in the blood. […] Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes and/or to other organs, such as the liver or spleen. […] The symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may resemble other dermatological conditions. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

• #2 LIVING WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANEOUS LYMPHOMA | Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation

  https://www.clfoundation.org/living-diagnosis-cutaneous-lymphoma

  Cutaneous lymphoma is a disease that can change the way you look. Dry patches, skin redness, plaques, skin ulcers, and tumors can show up anywhere on the body. Chronic itching and discomfort, plus a change in appearance, can alter how you feel about yourself. […] Emotionally, you may feel a roller coaster of feelings over the course of your disease. […] These and other feelings are normal and they are okay. Nothing is wrong with you if you experience a variety of intense emotions as you learn to live with a chronic disease.

• #2 Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine

  https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Symptoms include small patches red or dry skin that grow or spread very slowly. […] Though T-cell lymphoma can also involve the blood, lymph nodes and internal organs, it most commonly affects the skin, causing rash-like patches, itching and sometimes even tumors. […] Usually, however, CTCL presents with skin symptoms, such as small patches of redness or dry skin that grow or spread very slowly, over long periods of time. […] Though cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is chronic, it is treatable. […] Diagnosis is made more difficult because CTCL can manifest in a subtle way. Many people initially experience only a few mild symptoms, perhaps small red or dry areas on their skin that grow very, very minimally over a long period of time. […] It can be very slow to develop, even over years. […] Treatment of CTCL can help to keep symptoms to a minimum, and even lead to remission. But the disease can recur, and treatments may need to be explored again.

• #2 Management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4954104/

  The diagnosis of CTCL is difficult and often requires repeated skin biopsies, with the emphasis on clinicopathological correlation. […] Prognosis is largely influenced by disease stage, but recent evidence reveals that other factors are also important. […] Prognosis is poor in SS, with a median life expectancy of only 32 months from diagnosis. […] MF has a highly variable prognosis, predominantly dependent on ISCL/EORTC stage. Patients with stage IA disease have a normal life expectancy, but in more advanced stages five-year overall survival ranges from 75% in stage IB/IIA MF to 44% in stage IIB/III disease.

• #2 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma – Dawes Fretzin Dermatology Group

  https://dawesfretzin.com/terminology/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/

  This is the most common type of CTCL, and it tends to grow very slowly. The first sign is often a rash or scaly patch of skin, which can look the same for years or decades. […] In its earliest form, mycosis fungoides often looks like a red rash (or scaly patch of skin). It begins on skin that gets little sun, such as the upper thigh, buttocks, back, belly, groin, chest, or breasts. […] As the cancer spreads, raised and often itchy patches of thicker skin appear. The medical name for these raised patches is plaques. […] This type of CTCL is more aggressive than mycosis fungoides. When someone has Szary syndrome, cancer cells are found in the skin and blood. […] When someone has Szary syndrome, you may notice one or more of the following on the skin: Widespread redness, often with severely itchy skin, Peeling skin, Swollen skin, Thickening skin on the palms, soles, or both.

• #2 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

  https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/1025/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic data, and usually requires specialist expertise. […] Establishing a diagnosis can be challenging, as the condition can take many different forms in the skin: flat patches, raised plaques, large tumors, and/or marked erythroderma (intense and widespread reddening of the skin). […] Early-stage disease is usually managed with skin-directed therapy (topical medications, phototherapy, and localized radiation therapy). If skin disease progresses, or the patient presents with advanced disease, systemic therapies are often necessary (chemotherapy, biologic or immunologic therapy, photopheresis). […] Patients diagnosed with early-stage disease have a higher rate of survival. Treatment may induce remission, but patients are expected to relapse after a variable interval as complete cure is rare.

• #2 An overview of cutaneous T cell lymphomas

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4965697/

  CTCLs are lifelong disorders that recur after discontinuation of therapy, even in cases that do not progress. In spite of the introduction of several therapeutic options for CTCLs, as they progress and become refractory to treatment, the malignant cells have the propensity to infiltrate lymph nodes and peripheral blood vessels, resulting in debilitating states. Progression to tumor stage where the neoplastic cells spread to the lymph nodes and internal organs has been reported in less than 5% of cases with CTCL. […] The prognosis of SS is poor. Its median survival rate is from 2 to 4 years, and its 5-year survival rate is approximately 18% to 20%. In PCTCL-NOSs, the 5-year survival rate is less than 20%.

• #2 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma – Dawes Fretzin Dermatology Group

  https://dawesfretzin.com/terminology/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/

  People who have Szary syndrome can develop one or more of these signs: Swollen lymph nodes (often in the neck, armpits, and groin), Hair loss, Thickened fingernails, toenails, or both, Droopy eyelids, Hypothermia (inability to control body temperature). […] The most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), mycosis fungoides, grows slowly. For this reason, about 70% of patients have early-stage cancer when diagnosed. When treatment begins in the early stages, a person has a normal life expectancy. […] When the cancer is more advanced, the goals of treatment are to reduce the tumors, delay the spread of the cancer, and preserve a persons quality of life. While CTCL cannot be cured, advances in treating this cancer are making these goals possible for more patients.

• #3 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Symptoms

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/ctcl-symptoms

  Early in its growth, the cancer may not cause any symptoms like itching or feeling tired. […] Symptoms tend to develop later. Signs like a rash or light spots on your skin tend to develop before symptoms. Itchy skin is a common symptom of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Studies show that more than half the people who have cutaneous T-cell lymphoma develop itchy skin. The itch can be intense. As the cancer worsens, the itch can make it hard to sleep. Other symptoms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma include fever, chills, weight loss, and feeling tired. Not everyone develops these symptoms. Tumors are a sign of advanced cancer. You can develop tumors where you have plaques on your skin or on skin without signs of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. An advanced cancer, Szary syndrome can cause peeling skin, a rash over most of the body, and tumors on the skin. The skin can feel hot, sore, or intensely itchy. Different types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma can cause hair loss, which may occur anywhere on the body.

• #3 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

  https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/lymphoma/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Symptoms you may experience with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma can depend on the type and stage of the condition. […] Mycosis fungoides accounts for around 70% of cases of CTCL. It is considered a low-grade CTCL, meaning it develops slowly over many years. […] Mycosis fungoides can have the following phases: Premycotic phase: Mycosis fungoides initially begins as a scaly red rash in areas of the body not typically exposed to the sun. The rash can last for months or years. There may not be any other symptoms during this phase. Patch phase: During this phase, the scaly red rash develops into a thin reddened rash that resembles eczema. Plaque phase: This phase is characterized by small raised bumps or hardened skin lesions. Skin may also appear red or discolored. Tumor phase: During this phase, tumors appear on the skin. The tumors can also develop into ulcers or infections.

• #3 What are the Signs and Symptoms of CTCL? – HealthTree for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

  https://healthtree.org/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/community/what-are-the-signs-and-symptoms-of-cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the skin. It is a relatively rare condition and its symptoms can vary widely from person to person. However, there are some common signs and symptoms that many people with CTCL experience. […] The Most Common Signs and Symptoms of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma include: Rashes: One of the earliest signs of CTCL is often a rash that may look like eczema or psoriasis. This rash may be itchy and can appear anywhere on the body. Patches or plaques on the skin: Over time, the rash may develop into patches or plaques. These are raised areas of skin that may be red, scaly, or itchy. Tumors: In more advanced stages of CTCL, tumors may form on the skin. These can vary in size and may be raised or flat. Itching: Many people with CTCL experience severe itching, which can be very distressing and difficult to manage. Changes in the nails: Some people with CTCL may notice changes in their nails, such as ridges, grooves, or pitting. Enlarged lymph nodes: In some cases, CTCL can cause the lymph nodes to become enlarged. This may be noticeable as swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin. General symptoms: Some people with CTCL may also experience general symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, or fever.

• #3 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice

  https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1025

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, histological, immunophenotypical, and genetic data, and usually requires specialist expertise. […] Establishing a diagnosis can be challenging, as the condition can take many different forms in the skin: flat patches, raised plaques, large tumours, and/or marked erythroderma (intense and widespread reddening of the skin). […] Early-stage disease is usually managed with skin-directed therapy (topical medications, phototherapy, and localised radiotherapy). If skin disease progresses, or the patient presents with advanced disease, systemic therapies are often necessary (chemotherapy, biological or immunological therapy, photopheresis). […] Patients diagnosed with early-stage disease have a higher rate of survival. Treatment may induce remission, but patients are expected to relapse after a variable interval as complete cure is rare.

• #3 Diagnosing Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma/diagnosis

  People with Szary syndrome develop erythroderma, in which the skin on most of the body becomes red and itchy. The skin may also peel, and the condition can be painful. With Szary syndrome you may have a high number of white blood cells, as cancerous T cells begin to grow and multiply in the bloodstream. The condition has no known risk factors.

• #3 Cutaneous Lymphoma: What You Need to Know | Symptoms | Prognosis

  https://lymphomanewstoday.com/cutaneous-lymphoma/

  The first symptoms of the cutaneous lymphoma are usually visible because the disease starts by affecting the skin. Dry skin, itching, lesions on the skin, patches, bumps, red rashes and swollen lymph nodes are among the symptoms – which tend to be more noticeable as the disease progresses. […] When cutaneous lymphoma is not detected early, it could evolve into a more advanced stage. Then, the patient could experience unexplained weight loss, fever, profuse night sweats, and severe itching.

• #3 Cutaneous Lymphoma Cancer Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cancer/types/cutaneous-lymphoma

  Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma diagnosed. It is characterized first by patches of itchy, red skin that progresses to plaques (flat, white, or silver lesions) and tumors (appearing as pink, red, or translucent bumps) on the skin. It progresses slowly and can be treated effectively in its early stages. […] Szary syndrome (SS) is a more aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that spreads more across the skin, results in enlarged lymph nodes, and blood abnormalities. This type of cutaneous lymphoma may be treated similarly to mycosis fungoides, but is often more aggressive. […] Common cutaneous lymphoma stages […] Stage IA: Patches of skin lesions, usually less than 10 cm in diameter. […] Stage IB: Plaques (raised, scaly patches) or tumors, usually less than 10 cm in diameter.

• #3 Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Symptoms, Classification, and Treatment – DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas typically present as patches, papules, nodules, plaques, and/or tumours. Itch is reported by 80% of patients. […] The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is often delayed by months or years due to the indolent course, clinical similarity to inflammatory dermatoses, and subtle changes on histopathology. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma papules, nodules, and tumours may ulcerate and become necrotic, healing with varioliform scarring. […] Extracutaneous spread affects 10%. […] Quality of life can be significantly impacted due the economic burden of a chronic disease, or to symptoms such as itch and pain, psychological effects including anxiety and depression, and visible skin changes including hair loss. […] Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically follows a long slow course remaining confined to the skin, progressing over many years, and not usually life-threatening. […] Some forms of CTCL progress more rapidly with a minority developing advanced disease including tumour formation, extracutaneous spread (10%), and progression to systemic lymphoma.

• #3 Management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4954104/

  The diagnosis of CTCL is difficult and often requires repeated skin biopsies, with the emphasis on clinicopathological correlation. […] Prognosis is largely influenced by disease stage, but recent evidence reveals that other factors are also important. […] Prognosis is poor in SS, with a median life expectancy of only 32 months from diagnosis. […] MF has a highly variable prognosis, predominantly dependent on ISCL/EORTC stage. Patients with stage IA disease have a normal life expectancy, but in more advanced stages five-year overall survival ranges from 75% in stage IB/IIA MF to 44% in stage IIB/III disease.

• #3 Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Symptoms, Treatment, and Diagnosis | MyLymphomaTeam

  https://www.mylymphomateam.com/resources/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma-symptoms-treatment-and-diagnosis

  According to the Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation, most people are diagnosed with CTCL in its early stages and have a life expectancy similar to the general population. For this reason, the prognosis for CTCL is generally good. Some people with CTCL experience long-term remission, and many live without experiencing any symptoms for years.

• #3 Skin lymphomas – Leukaemia Foundation

  https://www.leukaemia.org.au/blood-cancer/types-of-blood-cancer/lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/skin-lymphomas/

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a general term for T-cell lymphomas that involve the skin including: mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the two most common types of CTCL. […] Mycosis fungoides: This is the most common form of CTCL and it does not look the same for all patients. Mycosis fungoides syndrome is characterised with the following. Patch: Flat, red, scaly patches that may initially be mistaken for eczema, psoriasis or dermatitis. Plaques: Thick raised lesions that may look like a scab. Tumours: Raised bumps, which may or may not ulcerate (break down). Itching: A common characteristic. […] Sézary syndrome: This is another common form of CTCL, which distinguishes itself by the presence of lymphocytes in the blood. Sézary syndrome is characterised with the following: Erythroderma: Red, scaly, itchy skin. Patients with Sézary’s may have an entirely red body. Hyperkeratosis: Thickening of the skin on the palms and soles. Ectropion: Fragile nails, hair thinning, and thickening of the area around the eyelids.

• #4 Cutaneous Lymphoma Cancer Types, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

  https://www.ahn.org/services/cancer/types/cutaneous-lymphoma

  Stage IIA: Plaques or tumors larger than 10 cm in diameter. […] Stage IIB: Extensive skin lesions, including erythroderma (widespread redness and scaling of the skin). […] Stage IIIA: Skin lesions and erythroderma may be present. […] Stage IIIB: Any T, involvement of lymph nodes on both sides of the body or in the chest. […] Stage IIIC: Any T, involvement of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin. […] Stage IVA: The cancer has spread to other organs, also called distant metastases.

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