Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Chlamydia: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4023-chlamydia

  The only way to avoid getting chlamydia is to abstain from having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has a chlamydia infection. And be sure that sex toys that carry the bacteria dont come in contact with your genitals. […] With prevention in mind, its a good idea to make safer sex practices a regular part of your sex life: Use condoms during intercourse, anal sex and oral sex. Use dental dams during oral sex or vagina-to-vagina contact. Dont share sex toys, but if you do, wash them after each use and cover toys used for penetration with a condom. Have sex with only one partner, who only has sex with you. […] Speak with your provider about getting regularly screened for chlamydia and other STIs to reduce your risks of complications. Practice safer sex to prevent the spread of chlamydia.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chlamydia

  Chlamydia is a preventable and curable sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which is primarily transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sex. […] Correct and consistent use of condoms during sex is the most effective way to prevent chlamydia. […] Consistent and correct use of condoms when having vaginal and anal sex is the only way to prevent chlamydial infection. […] If you are pregnant, getting tested for chlamydia and receiving prompt treatment if you test positive can prevent transmission to the baby. […] There are no vaccines for the prevention of chlamydial infection.

• #2 Chlamydia Infections | Chlamydia | Chlamydia Symptoms | MedlinePlus

  https://medlineplus.gov/chlamydiainfections.html

  The only sure way to prevent chlamydia is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. […] Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading chlamydia. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.

• #3 Open Search

  https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/chlamydia/how-is-chlamydia-prevented

  Chlamydia is generally spread through sexual contact. So the best way to prevent chlamydia is to get tested regularly and use condoms if you have sex. […] Chlamydia is spread through sexual fluids like semen (cum), pre-cum, and vaginal fluids. So the best way to avoid chlamydia and other STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex at all. This doesnt work for most people, so thats where condoms and dental dams come in. They really help lower your chances of getting an STD if you do have sex. […] Getting tested for STDs regularly is another important way to keep yourself healthy. […] Tell your past and present sexual partners you have chlamydia, so they can get tested and treated too. […] Don’t have sex with ANYONE for 7 days from when you got or started treatment. […] Your sex partners should also be treated before they have sex with anyone, including you. […] Once youve finished your treatment and start having sex again, its still a good idea to use condoms every single time you have sex.

• #4 Chlamydia

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chlamydia/

  Chlamydia is spread through vaginal fluid and semen. It can pass from person to person by having vaginal, oral or anal sex without a condom. […] There are some things you can do to avoid getting chlamydia and spreading it to others. […] use condoms when you have vaginal or anal sex […] use a condom to cover the penis, or a latex or plastic square (dam) to cover the vagina, if you have oral sex […] get tested once a year, or if you have a new sexual partner […] complete the full treatment if you or your sexual partner have chlamydia. […] do not share sex toys (if you do, wash and cover them with a new condom before anyone else uses them).

• #5 How can I reduce my risk for chlamydia? –

  https://chlamydiacoalition.org/chlamydia-101/how-can-i-reduce-my-risk-for-chlamydia/

  As with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there are things you can do to reduce or eliminate the risk of chlamydia. These include the following: […] Abstinence (not having any sexual contact) is a sure way to avoid infection. […] Mutual monogamy (having sex with only one uninfected partner, who only has sex with you) is another way to avoid infection. […] Using latex condoms consistently and correctly for vaginal and anal sex can reduce risk of transmission. […] Since chlamydia can be transmitted even if the penis or tongue does not completely enter the vagina, mouth or rectum, using latex condoms at the beginning of sexual contact until there is no longer skin contact is the best form of prevention. […] Several barrier methods can be used to reduce the risk of transmission of chlamydia during oral sex. A non-lubricated condom can be used for mouth-to-penis contact. Household plastic wrap, a dental dam, or a latex condom cut-up and opened flat can reduce the risk of transmission during mouth-to-vulva/vagina or oral-anal (rimming) contact.

• #6

  https://www.everlywell.com/blog/sti-testing/how-to-prevent-chlamydia/?srsltid=AfmBOoqVKaVsleYb_v8EWOiP5WAKifwbkMsEWvl7TBeNAyGYst_w8-nA

  Chlamydia, however, deserves our special attention. As the single most reported sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US, cases have risen so steeply in recent years that the CDC declared it an epidemic in 2015. For this reason, many people are now concerned with how to prevent chlamydia. […] Fortunately, these 8 methods can help prevent chlamydia through safe sexual practices. […] One of the most effective ways to avert chlamydia is by using a barrier method of birth control—specifically, a male condom. Even though condoms aren’t foolproof, if used appropriately, they can curb your chances of contracting chlamydia by 75%. […] Because chlamydia can be transmitted through oral sex, you may want to use a dental dam if you’re unsure of your partner’s status. […] However, according to The Office on Women’s Health, washing your genitals with a combination of water and purportedly cleansing fluids may increase your risk for STIs like chlamydia.

• #7 Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p388.html

  Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are increasing in the United States. Because most infections are asymptomatic, screening is key to preventing complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility and decreasing community and vertical neonatal transmission. All sexually active people with a cervix who are younger than 25 years and older people with a cervix who have risk factors should be screened annually for chlamydial and gonococcal infections. Sexually active men who have sex with men should be screened at least annually. […] The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends behavioral counseling on condom use, communication strategies for safer sex, and problem solving with those at increased risk of STIs. […] Physicians should emphasize barrier protection as the best way to prevent STIs.

• #8 Recommendation: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening

  Sexually active women, including pregnant persons The USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection. B […] The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for chlamydia in all sexually active women 24 years or younger and in women 25 years or older who are at increased risk for infection has moderate net benefit. […] The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in men. […] Clinicians should consider the communities they serve and may want to consult local public health authorities for information about local epidemiology and guidance on determining who is at increased risk.

• #9 Recommendation: Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce

  https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening

  The USPSTF recommends screening for both simultaneously. […] The CDC recommends annual chlamydia and gonorrhea testing in all sexually active women younger than 25 years and in older women at increased risk of infection (ie, those who have a new or multiple sex partners or a sex partner who has an STI). […] The CDC recommends screening for both infections in pregnant women younger than 25 years and in older pregnant women at increased risk for infection during their first prenatal visit and again during their third trimester if risk remains high.

• #10 Chlamydia trachomatis – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chlamydia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355355

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends chlamydia testing for anyone with chlamydia symptoms. Regardless of symptoms, talk to your healthcare team to find out how often you should be screened for chlamydia. […] Sexually active women age 25 or younger. The rate of chlamydia infection is highest in this group, so a yearly screening test is recommended. Even if you’ve been tested in the past year, get tested when you have a new sex partner. […] Pregnant people. Chlamydia screening may be offered during the first prenatal exam. If you have a high risk of infection, get tested again later in your pregnancy. You are at high risk if you are younger than age 25, have a new sex partner or have a sex partner who might be infected. […] People at high risk. People who have new or multiple sex partners or men who have sex with men should consider more frequent chlamydia screening. Other markers of high risk are current infection with another sexually transmitted infection and possible exposure to an STI through an infected partner.

• #11 Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening – Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov

  https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/tools-action/browse-evidence-based-resources/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening

  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in sexually active women age 24 years or younger. […] In sexually active women age 25 years or older, USPSTF recommends screening only if theres an increased risk of infection. […] USPSTF found insufficient evidence to assess whether the benefits of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in sexually active men outweigh the harms.

• #12 Chlamydia: Overview, Symptoms, Testing, Treatment and Prevention | Nationwide Children’s Hospital

  https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/conditions/chlamydia

  If you do have sex, these things might help prevent the spread of STIs: […] Use a condom every time you have sex, the whole time you have sex. […] You and your partner(s) must be treated and have a follow-up health care visit if the symptoms do not go away. […] Get re-tested in 3 months. People who are infected with chlamydia once are more likely to get it again.

• #13 Doxy PEP for Bacterial STI Prevention | STI | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/sti/hcp/doxy-pep/index.html

  Healthcare providers can use CDC guidelines to prescribe doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP) to prevent bacterial STIs. […] Doxy PEP has proven to reduce the risk of getting some bacterial STIs for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women at increased risk for STIs (specifically, syphilis, chlamydia, and in some studies, gonorrhea). […] CDC recommends healthcare providers discuss doxy PEP with all gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women with a history of at least one bacterial STI (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis) in the last 12 months. […] Providers should discuss the proven benefits of doxy PEP in reducing STIs, as well as the known and unknown risks of this strategy. Implement doxy PEP in the context of comprehensive sexual health counseling.

• #14 CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/rr/rr7302a1.htm

  No vaccines and few chemoprophylaxis options exist for the prevention of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (specifically syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea). […] This report outlines CDCs recommendation for the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP), a novel, ongoing, patient-managed biomedical STI prevention strategy for a selected population. CDC recommends that MSM and TGW who have had a bacterial STI (specifically syphilis, chlamydia, or gonorrhea) diagnosed in the past 12 months should receive counseling that doxy PEP can be used as postexposure prophylaxis to prevent these infections. […] Doxy PEP, when offered, should be implemented in the context of a comprehensive sexual health approach, including risk reduction counseling, STI screening and treatment, recommended vaccination and linkage to HIV PrEP, HIV care, or other services as appropriate.

• #14 CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024 | MMWR

  https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/rr/rr7302a1.htm

  The goal of doxy PEP is for persons who would benefit most to have access to the intervention while minimizing antimicrobial use. […] Because of increasing rates of bacterial STIs and the reported high efficacy for the reduction of STIs in the reviewed clinical trials, the potential benefits of doxy PEP are notable. […] CDC recommends that providers should counsel gay, bisexual, and other MSM and TGW with a history of at least one bacterial STI (specifically syphilis, chlamydia, or gonorrhea) during the past 12 months about the benefits and harms of using doxy PEP. […] If doxy PEP is prescribed, the provider should write the prescription for self-administration of the recommended dose of 200 mg of doxycycline (any formulation) to be taken as soon as possible within 72 hours after having oral, vaginal, or anal sex with a maximum dose of 200 mg every 24 hours. […] Doxy PEP has demonstrated benefit in reducing incident syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea in certain populations and represents a new approach to addressing STI prevention in MSM and TGW at increased risk for these infections.

• #15 Practice Alert: CDC Guidelines on Doxycycline for STI Postexposure Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/1000/editorial-doxycycline-sti-postexposure-prophylaxis.html

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines on the use of doxycycline for postexposure prophylaxis of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. This is an important document given the decades-long trend of increasing incidence of these three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the current lack of a vaccine. The CDC recommends that clinicians discuss prescribing doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis to prevent bacterial STIs with men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women, who have had a bacterial STI in the past year. […] Doxycycline, 200 mg, administered within 24 hours and no later than 72 hours after condomless oral, vaginal, or anal sex has been shown to prevent gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis. […] Because of the lack of evidence in other populations and a concern about possible antibiotic resistance with long-term, widespread use, the CDC recommends doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis only for MSM, and transgender women, who have received a bacterial STI diagnosis in the previous year. Eligible patients should be counseled about the possible benefits of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis and provided with a prescription for self-administration that lasts until the next planned visit.

• #16 DoxyPEP: Using antibiotics to prevent STIs | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/doxypep-using-antibiotics-prevent-stis

  Taking the antibiotic doxycycline after sex works well to prevent syphilis and chlamydia for gay and bisexual men, and trans women. It tends to be less effective at preventing gonorrhoea. […] STI prophylaxis involves taking an antibiotic pill to prevent bacterial STIs, such as syphilis and chlamydia. […] This approach has proven effective for gay and bisexual men and transgender women. […] DoxyPEP was found to be highly efficacious after a year of follow-up, reducing the incidence rate or the first documented episode of chlamydia and syphilis by 89% and 79%, respectively. […] The only study done with cisgender women the dPEP Kenya trial found that doxyPEP did not prevent bacterial STIs among 449 women taking HIV PrEP. […] DoxyPEP can be taken regardless of HIV status. […] The evidence shows that doxyPEP is effective against syphilis and chlamydia, but tends to be less effective in preventing gonorrhoea.

• #17 DoxyPEP: Using antibiotics to prevent STIs | aidsmap

  https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/doxypep-using-antibiotics-prevent-stis

  Guidelines recommend a 200mg dose after a sexual encounter (ideally within 24 hours and no later than 72 hours). […] Doxycycline has been used prophylactically and as long-term treatment in various instances. However, there is always concern that resistance to a drug could develop as a result of increased use. […] Three rigorous studies have shown that doxyPEP (taking doxycycline soon after sex) prevents STIs when used by gay and bisexual men, and one of the studies showed it worked for trans women too.

• #18 Preventative Antibiotics for STIs | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2023/preventative-antibiotics-for-stis

  There has been an alarming increase in sexually transmitted infections in the U.S. over the past decade: In 2021 alone, 2.53 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were recorded, a 7% increase from 2017 and the numbers continue to climb. […] Research suggests a single dose of antibiotic may help turn the tide. […] Doxy stands for doxycycline, an antibiotic that we typically use to treat, but also to prevent, infections. PEP stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. The idea behind Doxy-PEP is that an individual will take 200 milligrams of doxycycline, ideally within 24 hours but up to 72 hours, after a sexual exposure to prevent them from acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI). […] The three bacterial STIs that have been studied in the context of doxycycline are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.

• #19 Preventative Antibiotics for STIs | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health

  https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2023/preventative-antibiotics-for-stis

  The CDC is currently seeking feedback on a consultation document on doxycycline. There are data from randomized controlled trials, the gold standard scientific test, to demonstrate that Doxy-PEP is effective. It does reduce the risk of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis by 65% to 70%. […] There is really good evidence of the efficacy of this intervention in men who have sex with men and transgender women. […] One really important part of communication with patients is to let them know that this intervention is not invincible. If you develop symptoms, then it’s important to get tested. […] Its certainly a theoretical concern that doxycycline resistance could be driven by the widespread use of Doxy-PEP. […] I think that we have to be careful in terms of the advice that we give to patients, so that we couch this as one intervention in the suite of interventions that can help people have maximum sexual health.

• #20 Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacious Against Chlamydia, Syphilis

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/news/doxycycline-postexposure-prophylaxis-reduces-chlamydia-syphilis-incidence/

  The use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis within 72 hours after unprotected sex was associated with significant protection against chlamydia and syphilis in high-risk patients. […] Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with doxycycline reduces the incidence of chlamydia and syphilis infections in high-risk groups, according to study results published in Sexually Transmitted Infections. […] In the primary analysis, doxycycline PEP was significantly associated with reduced risk for any bacterial STI, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI 0.39-0.75). Protection conferred by doxycycline against any bacterial STI was even greater in MSM and transgender women (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.38-0.60), whereas no protective effect was observed among cisgender women (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64-1.42).

• #21 Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacious Against Chlamydia, Syphilis

  https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/news/doxycycline-postexposure-prophylaxis-reduces-chlamydia-syphilis-incidence/

  For MSM and transgender women, those who received doxycycline within 72 hours after unprotected sex exhibited reduced risk for chlamydia (relative risk [RR], 0.22; 95% CI, 0.13-0.38), gonorrhea (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94), and syphilis (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13-0.41). However, cisgender women who received doxycycline exhibited no significant reduction in chlamydia or gonorrhea risk. […] In regard to the efficacy of doxycycline in both populations combined, the researchers noted a mean risk reduction of 65% (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15-0.82) and 10% (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.64-1.26) against chlamydia and gonorrhea, respectively.

• #22

  https://www.nj.gov/health/sti/information/chlamydia/

  Chlamydia is one of the most common and treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It often has no symptoms, which is why so many people dont realize they have it. […] The good news? Chlamydia is easily cured with antibiotics when caught early. On this page, youll find everything you need to know about chlamydia including symptoms, testing, treatment, and prevention. […] The best way to prevent chlamydia is by practicing safe sex and regular testing. Here are some simple prevention tips: Use condoms and dental dams consistently. These reduce the risk of chlamydia transmission. Get tested regularly. Routine STI screenings are important, especially if you have multiple partners. Talk to your partners about STI testing. Open and honest conversations help protect everyone. Limit the number of sexual partners. Fewer partners mean a lower chance of exposure. Check for symptoms. If you or your partner have any unusual discharge, pain, or sores, avoid sexual contact and get tested.

• #23 Chlamydia | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/chlamydia

  Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that affects millions of people every year. Chlamydia is spread by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the disease. Babies can get chlamydia at birth if the mother has it. […] The only way to know if you have chlamydia is to get tested at your doctors office or an STD clinic. Your doctor may ask you to provide a urine sample or use a swab to get a sample of fluid from the cervix, penis, rectum, or throat. Getting tested and treated early is the key to avoiding major health problems later. […] Most cases of chlamydia can be cured by taking medicine for a short time. Be sure your sex partner(s) also get treated or you could get infected again. […] Left untreated, chlamydia can cause lasting damage to the body. […] In addition, babies born to mothers with chlamydia may have eye and lung problems.

• #24 Chlamydia infection secondary prevention – wikidoc

  https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chlamydia_infection_secondary_prevention

  Strategie dla wtórnej profilaktyki zakażenia chlamydią obejmują wczesne wykrywanie, leczenie partnerów seksualnych oraz leczenie innych chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową (takich jak rzeżączka). […] Najnowszy partner seksualny powinien być oceniony i leczony, nawet jeśli czas ostatniego kontaktu seksualnego miał miejsce 60 dni przed wystąpieniem objawów lub diagnozą. […] Aby uniknąć reinfekcji, partnerzy seksualni powinni być instruowani, aby powstrzymali się od stosunków seksualnych bez prezerwatywy, aż do momentu, gdy oni i ich partnerzy seksualni zostaną wyleczeni (tj. po zakończeniu 7-dniowego leczenia) i wszelkie objawy ustąpią.

• #25

  https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/diseasesconditions/hivstdviralhepatitis/sexuallytransmitteddisease/pages/partnertherapy.aspx

  Effective clinical management of patients with treatable sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD) requires treatment of sex partners to prevent reinfection and curb ongoing transmission. […] In Oregon, EPT can be provided for the sex partners of patients with chlamydia and/or gonorrhea. […] Partners of patients diagnosed with chlamydia only […] Partners of patients diagnosed with gonorrhea and chlamydia (or chlamydia has not been excluded) […] Counseling: Patient and partners should not engage in sexual activity for 7 days post-treatment (azithromycin and cefixime) or for the duration of treatment (doxycycline). […] Rescreening for gonorrhea and chlamydia is recommended three months post-treatment. […] In Oregon, providers are required to report lab-confirmed and clinically suspect cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections to public health.

• #26 Chlamydia (Chlamydial Genitourinary Infections) Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Antibiotic Therapy, Prevention

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/214823-treatment

  Individuals who are sexually active should be aware of the risks posed not only of genitourinary chlamydia infection but also by the whole gamut of STDs. Patients should be tested for other STDs or referred for other STD testing as appropriate. All sexual contacts also should be referred for testing and, if necessary, treatment. […] In addition, patients should be aware that the most effective way of avoiding infection, other than abstaining from sexual activity, is to practice safe sex. This means using appropriate barrier protection (ie, latex condoms) with each sexual encounter. […] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has released guidelines on expedited partner therapy for chlamydial and gonorrheal sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). While designed to prevent reinfection with chlamydia and gonorrhea, the recommendations also can be applied to other STDs. The ACOG recommendations include the following: Expedited partner therapy to prevent reinfection, with legalization of expedited partner therapy; Counsel partners to undergo screening for HIV infection and other STDs; Expedited partner therapy contraindicated in cases of suspected abuse or compromised patient safety; pretreatment evaluation for abuse potential recommended; Expedited partner therapy medications and protocols based on CDC, state, and/or local guidelines.

• #27 Chlamydia | Texas DSHS

  https://www.dshs.texas.gov/hivstd/info/chlamydia

  Take all the medicine given to you […] Ask your sex partner(s) to get checked […] Do not have sex until a health care provider says you and your partner(s) are cured […] Get retested three months after treatment. […] Chlamydia increases the chances that HIV can be transmitted. If you get tested for an STD, it is a good idea to get tested for HIV. […] The only sure way to avoid chlamydia and other STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex. If you have sex, use a latex condom the right way every time. Have sex with one partner who has sex only with you. Use condoms unless you are sure your partner does not have chlamydia or other STDs. […] The project’s overall mission is to implement effective prevention strategies to reduce the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and its potentially destructive complications. […] EPT is the practice of giving medication to sex partners of persons with an STD without medical evaluation or prevention counseling. It is assumed they have the infection. […] Treatment Guidelines Includes treatment recommendations for Chlamydia.

• #28 Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2022/0400/p388.html

  Patients presenting clinically with nongonococcal urethritis can be treated empirically at the time of evaluation while diagnostic testing is pending. […] If seeking care in person is not possible, expedited partner therapy is a strategy in which sex partners of a person diagnosed with a chlamydial or gonococcal infection within the past 60 days can be prescribed treatment without being seen by the physician. […] Gonococcal and chlamydial infections in pregnancy are associated with increased risks, including preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, stillbirth, low-birth-weight infants, and neonatal infection. […] The USPSTF recommends universal prophylaxis with ocular erythromycin 0.5% ointment to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. […] Chlamydial infections of the eye are not prevented by prophylactic erythromycin ointment.

• #29

  https://www.nj.gov/health/sti/information/chlamydia/

  Even if you dont have symptoms, regular testing is key to maintaining your sexual health. […] Chlamydia can be treated safely during pregnancy with antibiotics. If diagnosed, follow your doctors treatment plan to prevent complications. […] Chlamydia is common, but its also preventable and treatable. The most important steps you can take are: Get tested if youre sexually active, Use protection to reduce risk, If diagnosed, complete treatment and inform your partners.

• #30 Practice Alert: CDC Guidelines on Doxycycline for STI Postexposure Prophylaxis | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2024/1000/editorial-doxycycline-sti-postexposure-prophylaxis.html

  In addition to counseling about and prescribing doxycycline for these high-risk populations, family physicians should offer screening for STIs, including HIV; screening for hepatitis B and C; and counseling about other preventive measures, such as condom use and HIV preexposure prophylaxis. […] Although doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis recommendations target a limited, defined population, the CDC also states that physicians should use their clinical judgment and shared clinical decision-making to decide on doxycycline use with other patients at high risk of STIs.

• #31 Chlamydia and LGV guide: Prevention and control – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/chlamydia-lgv/prevention-control.html

  Prevention and control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections (including lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)). […] Case finding, education, counselling, partner notification and treatment are critical to control infection. […] Healthcare providers should offer STBBI screening as part of their clinical prevention and control strategies. […] Integrate STBBI prevention strategies such as counselling, vaccination and education on preventive practices into care. […] Offer vaccination for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis A (HAV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) to people at risk of these infections as per the Canadian Immunization Guide. […] Partner notification has public health benefits (e.g. disease surveillance and control) and reduces the risk of reinfection for the index case. […] Measures to prevent and control the transmission of C. trachomatis include counselling, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the person and their sexual partners.

• #32 Chlamydia and LGV guide: Prevention and control – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/infectious-diseases/sexual-health-sexually-transmitted-infections/canadian-guidelines/chlamydia-lgv/prevention-control.html

  Counsel people with suspected or confirmed C. trachomatis about: Consistent practice of safer sex (e.g. use of barrier methods for vaginal, anal and oral sex, cleaning toys prior to use and avoiding sharing sex toys). […] The importance of STBBI screening […] Prevention of reproductive sequelae […] Potential for transmission to sexual partners […] The importance of treatment […] Avoiding sexual contact with untreated partners […] The benefits of partner notification. […] C. trachomatis in infants can be avoided by screening and treating pregnant persons before delivery.

• #33 Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis

  https://nvose.org/cdc-clinical-guidelines-on-the-use-of-doxycycline-postexposure-prophylaxis-for-bacterial-sexually-transmitted-infection-prevention-united-states-2024/

  As such, the CDC recommends the following: Provide comprehensive preventative sexual health counseling and services to all sexually active individuals as indicated. This may include risk reduction counseling, screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and STIs, doxy PEP, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), vaccinations (e.g. Hepatitis A/B, Human Papilloma Virus, Mpox, Meningococcal/MenACWY), expedited partner therapy, contraception, linkage to care, and/or other interventions. […] Providers are encouraged to discuss the benefits and potential harms of using doxy PEP with all gay, bisexual, and other MSM and TGW with a history of at least one bacterial STI (syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea) in the last 12 months. […] If offering doxy PEP, healthcare providers should write a prescription for self-administration of the recommended dose of 200 mg of doxycycline (any formulation) to be taken as soon as possible within 72 hours after having oral, vaginal, or anal sex with a maximum dose of 200mg every 24 hours. The prescription should account for enough doses on the basis of the person’s anticipated sexual activity until their next visit. Ongoing need for doxy PEP should be assessed every 3–6 months.

• #33 Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis

  https://nvose.org/cdc-clinical-guidelines-on-the-use-of-doxycycline-postexposure-prophylaxis-for-bacterial-sexually-transmitted-infection-prevention-united-states-2024/

  On June 6th, 2024, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released clinical guidelines for the use of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy PEP) to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] Doxy PEP has a demonstrated benefit in reducing incident syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea in certain populations and represents a new approach to addressing STI prevention in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). […] Data cited in the guidelines shows that for high-risk populations there was a reduction in syphilis and chlamydia infections by >70% and gonococcal infections by approximately 50% when using doxy PEP. […] Currently, the available evidence in the context of increased national incidence of syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea supports consideration of this approach for MSM and TGW at substantial risk for acquiring bacterial STIs.

• #34 Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (Doxy PEP) for bacterial STI prevention | Mass.gov

  https://www.mass.gov/info-details/doxycycline-post-exposure-prophylaxis-doxy-pep-for-bacterial-sti-prevention

  Doxy PEP, also known as Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis, refers to taking an antibiotic, after sex without a condom or other barrier protection, to prevent bacterial infections like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. […] Doxy PEP can prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea when taken after sex without a condom or other barrier protection. Doxy PEP does not prevent HIV, mpox, or other viral infections. […] Doxy PEP is highly effective at preventing syphilis, chlamydia, and to a lesser extent, gonorrhea. […] Doxy PEP can prevent syphilis, chlamydia, and to a lesser extent, gonorrhea, when taken after sex without a condom or other barrier protection. […] Doxy PEP is just one part a of a comprehensive safer sex plan. Additional ways to protect yourself include using condoms, reducing numbers of partners, regular testing and treatment for STI/HIV if you test positive, taking HIV PrEP, and getting vaccinated against STIs.

• #35 An Experimental Vaccine for Chlamydia Shows Promise in Early Study

  https://www.ashasexualhealth.org/an-experimental-vaccine-for-chlamydia-shows-promise-in-early-study/

  Chlamydia can be prevented. Condoms are very effective against chlamydia because they create a barrier between partners and prevent the exchange of infected bodily fluids. […] Doxy PEP a new sexual health strategy that involves taking an oral antibiotic after condomless sex to prevent STIs may also help reduce the number of chlamydia infections in this country. It has been shown to reduce chlamydia by 80%. […] A safe and effective vaccine that is recommended for everyone could be a gamechanger in chlamydia prevention. […] There is a lot more research to be done before a chlamydia vaccine could be available, but we know that vaccines for STIs can dramatically reduce transmission and adverse health issues.

• #36 Exploring causal mechanisms and essential factors in the prevention and control of chlamydia in Guangdong, Southern China: a study protocol | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08597-y

  Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) is among the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) globally. […] Hence, this study will explore the feedback mechanisms of chlamydia prevention and control, as well as identify the essential factors affecting the control and prevention of this infection in China. […] Preventing and controlling infectious diseases entails addressing three critical aspects: managing the source, interrupting the transmission route, and protecting susceptible populations. […] Nearly 80% of genital CT carriers are asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of early screening and treatment as vital interventional measures to manage CT infection and forestall serious complications. […] To effectively contain the epidemic of chlamydial infection in the reproductive tract and the resulting adverse health outcomes, the Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Commission has launched the Pilot Project for Prevention and Control of Chlamydial Infection in Guangdong Province (20222025) Program.

• #37 Exploring causal mechanisms and essential factors in the prevention and control of chlamydia in Guangdong, Southern China: a study protocol | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08597-y

  Screening for genital CT infection and early treatment plays a crucial role in controlling the spread of CT infection and preventing serious complications. […] The implementation of these screening programs has played a significant role in reducing the spread of genital CT infection in many countries. […] This study aims to collate the viewpoints of various stakeholders with the objective of unraveling the intricate feedback mechanisms involved in chlamydia prevention and control. […] By constructing a system dynamics model using multi-stakeholder participation, the model construction process provides stakeholders with insight into how the system functions. […] Designing effective methods for preventing and controlling CT requires a comprehensive understanding of the systems dynamic properties and underlying factors while establishing causality between the infection process, impacts, and results. […] This modeling technique determines the dynamic characteristics of the system, evaluates the potential consequences of different decisions, and designs control strategies to stabilize or adjust its behavior. […] These innovations provide scientific methods for preventing and controlling Chlamydia infection.

• #38 Novel Strategies in Chlamydia Prevention | Prevention Policy Modeling Lab

  https://ppml.stanford.edu/novel-strategies-chlamydia-prevention

  Chlamydia remains one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). […] In this project we explore a range of novel intervention approaches for testing and treatment. […] We will use a pair formation model of chlamydia to investigate the potential strengths and limitations of different prevention strategies, namely: Partner services, More frequent screening of those with a higher rate of chlamydia, Point-of-care testing. […] Combinations of prevention strategies will also be explored to identify which strategies, both existing and novel, give the largest joint benefits. […] This project will highlight the strengths and limitations of the different strategies, and their potential impact on controlling the transmission dynamics of chlamydia. […] Such analyses of novel prevention strategies can inform policy decisions and be used to allocate resources.

• #39 PrEP and PEP for sexually transmitted infections: what do we know about doxycycline as a strategy to prevent syphilis and chlamydia? | CATIE – Canada’s source for HIV and hepatitis C information

  https://www.catie.ca/prevention-in-focus/prep-and-pep-for-sexually-transmitted-infections-what-do-we-know-about

  Given that STI prophylaxis has not been widely used, it is not possible to directly measure its impact on community transmission. […] Several studies have found that gbMSM are interested in taking STI prophylaxis. […] Doxycycline is generally well tolerated by people who take it to treat an STI. […] A major concern that has been raised about STI prophylaxis is the risk that increased antibiotic use could lead to antibiotic resistance. […] Although the risk is still unknown, there is a concern that if more people start taking doxycycline, antibiotic-resistant strains of chlamydia and syphilis could become more common. […] Both the potential benefits and the potential risks of STI prophylaxis could be significant. […] At this point in time, given that there are many unanswered questions about STI prophylaxis, it is not widely prescribed or formally recommended in any jurisdiction.

• #40

  https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/02/2023-21725/guidelines-for-the-use-of-doxycycline-post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-bacterial-sexually-transmitted

  The purpose of the proposed guidelines is to provide updated clinical guidance for healthcare providers to inform the use of doxycycline PEP for preventing bacterial STI infections. […] CDC’s proposed guidelines for the use of post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline for bacterial STI prevention in the United States is available under the Supporting and Related Materials tab in the docket for this notice, Docket No. CDC-2023-0080, on http://www.regulations.gov. […] The new guidelines will offer an important resource for healthcare providers to inform the use of doxycycline PEP for preventing bacterial STI infections. […] CDC plans to use multiple surveillance systems to monitor impacts of the proposed guidelines including potential impacts on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in both STI and non-STI pathogens.

• #41 Take antibiotics after sex, CDC recommends for certain risk groups

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/04/cdc-final-guidelines-prophylactic-doxycycline-for-sti/

  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention finalized its guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis against bacterial sexually transmitted infections on Tuesday. For groups at higher risk of contracting syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, the agency now recommends taking doxycycline, an antibiotic, within 72 hours of having sex. […] Doxy PEP represents the first new STI prevention tool in decades, at a time when innovation in the nations fight against STIs is desperately needed, the CDC wrote in the guideline announcement. […] The policy, which was proposed in October 2023, is based on evidence from three large randomized trials showing that a 200 mg dose of doxycycline, taken after potential exposure to sexually transmitted bacteria, reduced chlamydia and syphilis infections by more than 70%, and cut gonorrhea infections in half.

• #42 Take antibiotics after sex, CDC recommends for certain risk groups

  https://www.statnews.com/2024/06/04/cdc-final-guidelines-prophylactic-doxycycline-for-sti/

  Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis, or doxy PEP, is specifically being recommended for men who have sex with men and transgender women who have had at least one bacterial STI in the previous 12 months. The CDC said providers should prescribe the antibiotic for self administration after sex. […] The benefits are really for people who are, for whatever reasons, not using condoms and who are at an elevated risk of acquiring gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis, said Celum, who was the co-principal investigator of one of the trials, DoxyPEP. […] The new guidelines also confirm a maximum daily dose of 200 mg, and recommend reassessing a patients need for prophylaxis every three to six months, including regular STI testing. […] Ongoing studies will continue to evaluate the effects of doxy PEP, both in preventing infections and in its possible impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance.

• #43 Doxycycline Guidelines for STI Postexposure Prophylaxis

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/doxycycline-guidelines-for-sti-postexposure-prophylaxis

  The CDC strongly recommends that providers counsel men who have sex with men and transgender women with a history of syphilis, chlamydia, or gonorrhea in the past 12 months about the benefits and harms of using doxycycline PEP and offer doxycycline as part of a comprehensive sexual health approach for the prevention of these infections. […] Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) refers to taking doxycycline as soon as possible and within 72 hours of oral, vaginal, or anal sex to prevent syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia infection after a possible exposure. […] The CDCs recommendations for doxycycline PEP are strongest for MSM and transgender women with a history of at least one infection with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis within the previous 12 months. […] The CDC clinical guidelines strongly recommend that providers counsel MSM and transgender women about the risks and benefits of doxycycline PEP to prevent bacterial STIs and to offer doxycycline PEP using shared decision-making for those with a history of at least one infection with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis within the previous 12 months. […] Doxycycline PEP should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive sexual health approach, focused on prevention and control of STIs. […] Pharmacists play an integral role in the appropriate use of doxycycline as PEP of bacterial STIs.

• #44 New data show sustained declines in chlamydia, syphilis among doxy-PEP users | CIDRAP

  https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/antimicrobial-stewardship/new-data-show-sustained-declines-chlamydia-syphilis-among-doxy-pep-users

  A study conducted at a sexual health clinic in San Francisco found sustained significant declines in cases of chlamydia and syphilis among those who used doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) nearly 2 years after it was introduced, with a smaller effect on gonorrhea, researchers reported yesterday in Clinical Infectious Diseases. […] Implementation of the intervention was based on a randomized trial, conducted in San Francisco and Seattle, that in 2023 showed significant declines in chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea among doxy-PEP users compared with those who received standard care. […] The analysis showed a significant decline in all individual STIs in the doxy-PEP group, most notably (83%) for combined rates of chlamydia and syphilis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.25) and less for gonorrhea (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.71). […] „As doxy-PEP uptake increases globally, future studies should examine doxy-PEP adherence, effectiveness, and impact on antimicrobial resistance,” they wrote.

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