Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Treatment and Prevention of Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE); clinical management is supportive. […] Counsel travelers about using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products; a TBE vaccine is also available. […] In August 2021, the FDA approved a TBE vaccine, TICOVAC (manufactured by Pfizer), for individuals aged 1 year or older. […] The primary vaccination schedule includes 3 doses, and a booster dose can be administered if a person will be at risk for being infected with TBE. […] Travelers should be counseled on how to prevent tick bites. […] More information about reducing exposure to ticks is available on the CDC Ticks website. […] Travelers also should be advised to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

• #2 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. […] Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas. […] However, TBE can be successfully prevented by safe and highly effective vaccine. […] Active immunization is the most effective way to prevent TBE. […] World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination to people of all age groups, including children, in highly endemic areas ( 5 cases/100000 per year). […] Central European Vaccination Awareness Group strongly recommends the introduction of universal TBE vaccination for persons 1 year old for all countries at very high risk of TBE infections.

• #3 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection may present clinically as a mild, abortive, non-specific febrile illness; a moderately severe illness with a biphasic course affecting the CNS; or a very severe disease with complications and permanent neurological sequelae but also a possibly fatal outcome. […] Preventing TBEV infections in humans primarily involves reducing the risk of tick bites through measures such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. Vaccines against TBEV are also available and are recommended for individuals living in or traveling to areas where the virus is endemic. […] Prevention of TBEV infection involves implementing general measures, including the pasteurization of milk, reducing the tick population, and adopting personal protection measures (using repellents; wearing appropriate clothing, such as long sleeves, long pants, and closed-toe shoes, to minimize exposed skin and make it more difficult for ticks to attach; and careful inspection and prompt removal of ticks, such as conducting thorough tick checks on the body after spending time in nature, particularly in tick-infested areas). These measures are aimed at minimizing the risk of exposure and transmission. Ticks should be removed promptly and properly using fine-tipped tweezers.

• #4

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/tick-borne-encephalitis

  People can protect themselves from ticks by wearing appropriate clothing, including long trousers and closed footwear, when hiking or camping in countries or areas at risk. The whole body should be inspected daily and attached ticks removed as soon as possible. The consumption of unpasteurized dairy products should also be avoided in those areas. […] Immunization offers the most effective protection. Currently, there are 4 widely used vaccines of assured quality: FSME-Immun and Encepur, manufactured in Austria and Germany respectively, and based on European strains of the virus; and TBE-Moscow and EnceVir, manufactured in the Russian Federation and based on Far-Eastern strains. The 4 vaccines are considered to be safe and effective. […] In areas where the disease is highly endemic, WHO recommends that vaccination be offered to all age groups, including children.

• #5 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. […] Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas. […] However, TBE can be successfully prevented by safe and highly effective vaccine. […] Active immunization is the most effective way to prevent TBE. […] World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination to people of all age groups, including children, in highly endemic areas ( 5 cases/100000 per year). […] Central European Vaccination Awareness Group strongly recommends the introduction of universal TBE vaccination for persons 1 year old for all countries at very high risk of TBE infections.

• #6 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) – VaccinesToday

  https://www.vaccinestoday.eu/diseases-vaccines/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis-tbe/

  Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease transmitted primarily by tick bites, but also by consumption of non-pasteurised milk and milk products from infected animals (especially goats). […] Yes, TBE can be successfully prevented by immunisation. According to the WHO, the best effective way to prevent TBE is vaccination. The field effectiveness of TBE vaccination is among the best achievable against viral infection. The overall field effectiveness in regularly vaccinated people has been shown to be 99%. Prevention by special clothing and tick repellents has proven not reliable enough. Therefore, vaccination against TBE is recommended for everyone residing in or traveling to endemic areas.

• #7 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  Despite the availability of vaccination, TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) remains a global public health problem. […] The efficacy of available anti-TBE vaccines ranges from 90.1% to 98.9%; however, in individuals above the age of 60, the protection wanes as early as one year after vaccination. Administration of a booster dose 3 years after completion of the basic vaccination schedule significantly extended the period of protection against TBE. […] Anti-TBE vaccines available in Europe have a high level of efficacy. However, the level of protection against TBE is decreasing after vaccination. Therefore, in addition to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond.

• #8 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) – VaccinesToday

  https://www.vaccinestoday.eu/diseases-vaccines/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis-tbe/

  Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease transmitted primarily by tick bites, but also by consumption of non-pasteurised milk and milk products from infected animals (especially goats). […] Yes, TBE can be successfully prevented by immunisation. According to the WHO, the best effective way to prevent TBE is vaccination. The field effectiveness of TBE vaccination is among the best achievable against viral infection. The overall field effectiveness in regularly vaccinated people has been shown to be 99%. Prevention by special clothing and tick repellents has proven not reliable enough. Therefore, vaccination against TBE is recommended for everyone residing in or traveling to endemic areas.

• #9

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/tick-borne-encephalitis

  People can protect themselves from ticks by wearing appropriate clothing, including long trousers and closed footwear, when hiking or camping in countries or areas at risk. The whole body should be inspected daily and attached ticks removed as soon as possible. The consumption of unpasteurized dairy products should also be avoided in those areas. […] Immunization offers the most effective protection. Currently, there are 4 widely used vaccines of assured quality: FSME-Immun and Encepur, manufactured in Austria and Germany respectively, and based on European strains of the virus; and TBE-Moscow and EnceVir, manufactured in the Russian Federation and based on Far-Eastern strains. The 4 vaccines are considered to be safe and effective. […] In areas where the disease is highly endemic, WHO recommends that vaccination be offered to all age groups, including children.

• #10 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  Two preventive strategies are used to protect populations against the disease, namely actions aimed at prevention against tick bites and vaccinations against the virus causing the disease. […] In Europe, two inactivated vaccines against TBE, developed from cell cultures, are available in adult and pediatric forms: FSME-IMMUN (TicoVac) (manufacturer: Pfizer) and Encepur (manufacturer: Bavarian Nordic). […] Vaccination against TBE is recommended by scientific organizations as well as by governmental and non-governmental healthcare entities all over the world as one of the methods for the prevention of the disease in individuals staying or working in areas where ticks are common as well as in individuals traveling to areas of endemic prevalence of TBE. […] In several countries vaccination is recommended but not reimbursed from public funds.

• #11

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/tick-borne-encephalitis

  People can protect themselves from ticks by wearing appropriate clothing, including long trousers and closed footwear, when hiking or camping in countries or areas at risk. The whole body should be inspected daily and attached ticks removed as soon as possible. The consumption of unpasteurized dairy products should also be avoided in those areas. […] Immunization offers the most effective protection. Currently, there are 4 widely used vaccines of assured quality: FSME-Immun and Encepur, manufactured in Austria and Germany respectively, and based on European strains of the virus; and TBE-Moscow and EnceVir, manufactured in the Russian Federation and based on Far-Eastern strains. The 4 vaccines are considered to be safe and effective. […] In areas where the disease is highly endemic, WHO recommends that vaccination be offered to all age groups, including children.

• #12 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Two vaccines against TBE, FSME-IMMUN and Encepur, are registered in Europe. […] Vaccination can begin at any time, but immunization with the first two doses is preferably carried out in the winter months to achieve protection before tick activity. […] Persons who had acquired TBE are esteemed to be protected against the disease and do not need vaccination.

• #13

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/tick-borne-encephalitis

  People can protect themselves from ticks by wearing appropriate clothing, including long trousers and closed footwear, when hiking or camping in countries or areas at risk. The whole body should be inspected daily and attached ticks removed as soon as possible. The consumption of unpasteurized dairy products should also be avoided in those areas. […] Immunization offers the most effective protection. Currently, there are 4 widely used vaccines of assured quality: FSME-Immun and Encepur, manufactured in Austria and Germany respectively, and based on European strains of the virus; and TBE-Moscow and EnceVir, manufactured in the Russian Federation and based on Far-Eastern strains. The 4 vaccines are considered to be safe and effective. […] In areas where the disease is highly endemic, WHO recommends that vaccination be offered to all age groups, including children.

• #14 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Two vaccines against TBE, FSME-IMMUN and Encepur, are registered in Europe. […] Vaccination can begin at any time, but immunization with the first two doses is preferably carried out in the winter months to achieve protection before tick activity. […] Persons who had acquired TBE are esteemed to be protected against the disease and do not need vaccination.

• #15

  https://www.who.int/health-topics/tick-borne-encephalitis

  People can protect themselves from ticks by wearing appropriate clothing, including long trousers and closed footwear, when hiking or camping in countries or areas at risk. The whole body should be inspected daily and attached ticks removed as soon as possible. The consumption of unpasteurized dairy products should also be avoided in those areas. […] Immunization offers the most effective protection. Currently, there are 4 widely used vaccines of assured quality: FSME-Immun and Encepur, manufactured in Austria and Germany respectively, and based on European strains of the virus; and TBE-Moscow and EnceVir, manufactured in the Russian Federation and based on Far-Eastern strains. The 4 vaccines are considered to be safe and effective. […] In areas where the disease is highly endemic, WHO recommends that vaccination be offered to all age groups, including children.

• #16 Treatment and Prevention of Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE); clinical management is supportive. […] Counsel travelers about using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products; a TBE vaccine is also available. […] In August 2021, the FDA approved a TBE vaccine, TICOVAC (manufactured by Pfizer), for individuals aged 1 year or older. […] The primary vaccination schedule includes 3 doses, and a booster dose can be administered if a person will be at risk for being infected with TBE. […] Travelers should be counseled on how to prevent tick bites. […] More information about reducing exposure to ticks is available on the CDC Ticks website. […] Travelers also should be advised to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

• #17 Tick-Borne Encephalitis | Health.mil

  https://www.health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Tick-Borne-Encephalitis

  TBE vaccines have been available internationally for about 40 years, but until recently no TBE vaccine had been licensed in the United States and prevention has focused on personal protective measures to prevent tick bites. […] On Aug. 13, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration approved a TBE vaccine (manufactured by Pfizer as TICOVAC) for use in persons aged 1 year. The vaccine is inactivated with a vaccination schedule of three primary doses, and one booster dose administered at 3 years after the primary series if there is ongoing risk of exposure. […] The TBE vaccine currently is marketed in about 30 countries, primarily in Europe. The current formulation of the vaccine has been available since 2001, and 75 million doses have been administered in Europe, about two-thirds of those to adults and one third to children.

• #18 U.S. FDA Approves TICOVAC™, Pfizer’s Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Vaccine

  https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210813005441/en/U.S.-FDA-Approves-TICOVAC%E2%84%A2-Pfizer%E2%80%99s-Tick-Borne-Encephalitis-TBE-Vaccine

  TICOVAC™ may help reduce the risk of TBE for people traveling to endemic areas, potentially including military personnel serving in these locations. […] TICOVAC™ is the only FDA-approved vaccine to help protect U.S. adults and children against the TBE virus when visiting or living in TBE endemic areas. […] The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) currently recommends TBE vaccination for people who live in or are traveling to risk areas. […] Vaccination with TICOVAC may not protect all vaccine recipients against tick-borne encephalitis.

• #19 Treatment and Prevention of Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE); clinical management is supportive. […] Counsel travelers about using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products; a TBE vaccine is also available. […] In August 2021, the FDA approved a TBE vaccine, TICOVAC (manufactured by Pfizer), for individuals aged 1 year or older. […] The primary vaccination schedule includes 3 doses, and a booster dose can be administered if a person will be at risk for being infected with TBE. […] Travelers should be counseled on how to prevent tick bites. […] More information about reducing exposure to ticks is available on the CDC Ticks website. […] Travelers also should be advised to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

• #20 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Active immunization is considered an optimal and highly effective method of preventing TBE for individuals who are exposed to endemic areas either professionally or recreationally. The immunization schedule typically involves a series of three doses for complete primary immunization administered at specific intervals (0, 1–3, and 9–12 months). Following the primary immunization, a booster dose is recommended after 3 years. Subsequent booster doses are administered every 3–5 years, with the specific interval determined based on the patient’s age. […] The vaccine for TBE is recognized for its excellent tolerability, safety, and high effectiveness, ranging from 96% to 98.7%. Over the course of four decades, Austria has administered the TBE vaccine to over 35 million individuals, resulting in a substantial decline in TBE incidence and nearly eliminating the disease caused by TBEV.

• #21 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  Despite the availability of vaccination, TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) remains a global public health problem. […] The efficacy of available anti-TBE vaccines ranges from 90.1% to 98.9%; however, in individuals above the age of 60, the protection wanes as early as one year after vaccination. Administration of a booster dose 3 years after completion of the basic vaccination schedule significantly extended the period of protection against TBE. […] Anti-TBE vaccines available in Europe have a high level of efficacy. However, the level of protection against TBE is decreasing after vaccination. Therefore, in addition to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond.

• #22 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  In Poland, preventive vaccination against TBE is recommended for people living in areas with an increased prevalence of this disease, in particular for people employed in forestry, military personnel, fire and border guards, farmers, young people on internships and professional practices, as well as individuals who frequently engage in outdoor activities (e.g. joggers, hikers, mushroom pickers, dog owners, hunters, etc.) as well as other individuals undertaking outdoor activities, in particular tourists and camp participants. […] Following basic vaccination according to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond. […] Vaccinations should be routinely performed in the areas of endemic prevalence of TBE with annual incidence rates of 5/100,000. People from risk groups (e.g. foresters, farmers, military personnel) who live in a low endemic area with emerging cases should also be vaccinated. Individuals traveling to the areas of the endemic prevalence of TBE should also be vaccinated before arrival.

• #23 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Active immunization is considered an optimal and highly effective method of preventing TBE for individuals who are exposed to endemic areas either professionally or recreationally. The immunization schedule typically involves a series of three doses for complete primary immunization administered at specific intervals (0, 1–3, and 9–12 months). Following the primary immunization, a booster dose is recommended after 3 years. Subsequent booster doses are administered every 3–5 years, with the specific interval determined based on the patient’s age. […] The vaccine for TBE is recognized for its excellent tolerability, safety, and high effectiveness, ranging from 96% to 98.7%. Over the course of four decades, Austria has administered the TBE vaccine to over 35 million individuals, resulting in a substantial decline in TBE incidence and nearly eliminating the disease caused by TBEV.

• #24 Tick-Borne Encephalitis

  https://www.encephalitis.info/types-of-encephalitis/infectious-encephalitis/tick-borne-encephalitis/

  TBE can be prevented by avoiding the areas where the disease occurs, however, this may not be possible. If walking in affected wooded or rural areas, it is recommended to wear long trousers/sleeves to cover exposed skin, use an insect repellent that is effective against ticks, and inspect your skin for ticks regularly. The attached ticks need to be removed as soon as possible by using tweezers as close to the skin attachment as possible through steady pulling without jerking or twisting. Unpasteurised dairy products should also be avoided in these areas. […] The best protection against TBE is given by vaccination. This should be considered in endemic areas, especially for those with high occupational or recreational risk, or those who have or are anticipated to have poorly functioning immune systems. At risk-travellers (travellers exposed outdoors in rural endemic areas between April to November) should be counselled about the risks of unpasteurised dairy products, and tick bite avoidance, and are advised to take up vaccination. The European vaccine is a series of three doses, at 0 months, 1-3 months and 12 months, however accelerated courses are possible. More information on prevention/vaccination can be found on our website www.encephalitis.info/encephalitis-guidelines-for-travellers.

• #25 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Two vaccines against TBE, FSME-IMMUN and Encepur, are registered in Europe. […] Vaccination can begin at any time, but immunization with the first two doses is preferably carried out in the winter months to achieve protection before tick activity. […] Persons who had acquired TBE are esteemed to be protected against the disease and do not need vaccination.

• #26 About TBE | Bavarian Nordic

  https://bnvaccines.com/en-SE/disease-area/about-tbe

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents a growing public health problem that could be substantially reduced with vaccination. […] Vaccination offers the most effective protection against TBE infection. Vaccination can be started any time of the year. […] World Health Organization (WHO). TBE prevention https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/19-02-2020-immunization-is-the-best-protection-against-tick-borne-encephalitis, (accessed June 2020).

• #27 Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tick-borne-encephalitis/

  There are things you can do to reduce your risk of getting tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in the UK and abroad. […] To reduce your risk of being bitten by a tick when you’re outside: […] A vaccine for TBE is recommended if you’re visiting a country where the infection is common and you’re planning to do outdoor activities when you get there. […] You need at least 2 injections, given at least 2 weeks apart, to be protected for travel. You should have the first injection at least 1 month before travelling.

• #28 Tick-borne Encephalitis – Fit for Travel

  https://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/advice/disease-prevention-advice/tick-borne-encephalitis

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infection spread mainly through tick bites. It can cause a flu-like illness or lead to more severe symptoms such as meningitis or brain inflammation. […] If you are planning to spend long periods of time outdoors in forests or rural areas of countries where TBE infection is common, you should be aware of how to avoid tick bites. […] The most effective way to prevent infection is by having the TBE vaccine, particularly if you are planning to do outdoor activities such as walking, hiking, camping, cycling, fishing orienteering or running in rural or forested areas. […] When travelling in high risk areas, you should inspect your whole body daily for ticks, particularly after outdoor activities. Ticks should be removed as early as possible. […] The vaccine available in the UK against TBE is called TicoVac. There is a vaccine called TicoVac junior available for children. […] You should aim to have the first injection at least one month before you travel. […] You will need at least 2 doses to provide you with adequate protection for your trip. […] A third injection will offer you protection for about 3 years.

• #29 Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tick-borne-encephalitis

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus thats transmitted by bites from an infected tick. […] Vaccination is recommended for people living in or visiting those regions. […] If youre planning to travel to these regions, speak with a doctor about getting the TBE vaccine. Vaccination is the best way to prevent TBE infection. […] The best way to protect yourself is to get the TBE vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the vaccine for anyone living in or traveling to areas where TBE occurs, especially if theyre planning outdoor activities. […] Have a conversation with a doctor to learn more about the TBE vaccine if youre planning to travel to high-risk regions in Europe or Asia. Youll need to get the vaccine at least 1 month before traveling. […] Its also important to eat only pasteurized milk and dairy products. This will ensure you avoid the rare chance of infection from unpasteurized products. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent infection if youre planning outdoor activities in high-risk areas. Other effective strategies include avoiding high-risk areas, using insect repellant, and checking your body for ticks immediately after being outdoors.

• #30 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. […] Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas. […] However, TBE can be successfully prevented by safe and highly effective vaccine. […] Active immunization is the most effective way to prevent TBE. […] World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination to people of all age groups, including children, in highly endemic areas ( 5 cases/100000 per year). […] Central European Vaccination Awareness Group strongly recommends the introduction of universal TBE vaccination for persons 1 year old for all countries at very high risk of TBE infections.

• #31 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  In Poland, preventive vaccination against TBE is recommended for people living in areas with an increased prevalence of this disease, in particular for people employed in forestry, military personnel, fire and border guards, farmers, young people on internships and professional practices, as well as individuals who frequently engage in outdoor activities (e.g. joggers, hikers, mushroom pickers, dog owners, hunters, etc.) as well as other individuals undertaking outdoor activities, in particular tourists and camp participants. […] Following basic vaccination according to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond. […] Vaccinations should be routinely performed in the areas of endemic prevalence of TBE with annual incidence rates of 5/100,000. People from risk groups (e.g. foresters, farmers, military personnel) who live in a low endemic area with emerging cases should also be vaccinated. Individuals traveling to the areas of the endemic prevalence of TBE should also be vaccinated before arrival.

• #32 Tickborne Encephalitis Vaccine for Europe and Asia | Passport Health

  https://www.passporthealthusa.com/vaccinations/tickborne-encephalitis/

  Tickborne encephalitis or TBE is an infection spread by tick bites. It primarily affects the central nervous system and can lead to meningitis and/or encephalitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the following methods to avoid infection: […] Vaccination against TBE is the most effective prevention measure. […] The tickborne encephalitis vaccine is considered the best way to prevent TBE while in an effected area. […] TBE vaccination is recommended for travelers spending long periods of time in forested or rural areas of countries where the virus is present. […] Travelers to regions where these ticks are present are advised to receive the TBE vaccine and follow measures to avoid tick bites, such as using repellents.

• #33 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Two vaccines against TBE, FSME-IMMUN and Encepur, are registered in Europe. […] Vaccination can begin at any time, but immunization with the first two doses is preferably carried out in the winter months to achieve protection before tick activity. […] Persons who had acquired TBE are esteemed to be protected against the disease and do not need vaccination.

• #34 Tick-borne encephalitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick-borne_encephalitis

  Prevention includes non-specific (tick-bite prevention) and specific prophylaxis in the form of a vaccination. Tick checks, while useful for preventing some other tick-borne diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, would not be expected to be effective in the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis as the virus is transmitted within minutes of attachment by the tick. […] Tick-borne encephalitis vaccines are very effective and available in many disease endemic areas and in travel clinics. Trade names are Encepur N and FSME-Immun CC.

• #35 Preventing Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/prevention/index.html

  Tick-borne encephalitis virus is most commonly spread through the bite of an infected tick. […] The best way to prevent tick-borne encephalitis is to protect yourself from tick bites and get vaccinated before traveling, if vaccination is recommended for you. […] Use insect repellent […] Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants […] Treat clothing and gear with 0.5% permethrin […] Perform thorough tick checks after spending time outdoors. […] All travelers to countries with risk of tick-borne encephalitis should take steps to avoid tick bites and discuss the need for vaccination with their healthcare provider.

• #36 Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis/prevention-tick-borne-encephalitis.html

  Learn how tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) can be prevented. […] Consult a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic 6 weeks before you travel. […] The following precautions will help prevent illness. […] Protect yourself from tick bites in high-risk regions when doing activities in forests or overgrown areas. You should: wear closed-toe shoes, long-sleeved shirts and pants, pull your socks over pant legs, wear light-coloured clothes to spot ticks more easily, use insect repellent containing DEET (an active ingredient to keep bugs away) or Icaridin (always follow directions), shower or bathe within 2 hours of being outdoors to wash away loose ticks, do a daily full-body check for ticks on yourself, children and pets, stay on designated hiking trails. […] Keep your pets out of the woods, particularly dogs. Talk to your veterinarian about tick repellents for your pets.

• #37 TBE Protection | TicoVac™ (Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine) | Safety Info

  https://www.ticovac.com/travelers/tick-bite-tbe-protection

  Tick Bite TBE Protection Discover How to Help Stay Protected From Tick-Borne Encephalitis Theres no cure for TBE, but it may be prevented. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends TicoVac as an effective method against the contraction of the TBE virus while traveling to endemic countries throughout Europe and Asia. Help Protect Yourself If you are traveling to a country that is affected by TBE, following a few simple steps can help reduce the chances of being bitten by a tick. Use the following protection and prevention methods to minimize your risk: Avoid heavily tick-infested areas of forest and woodland from spring until fall, where possible. Wear light-colored clothing including long-sleeved tops and long trousers tucked into socks. Use effective insect repellent and tick repellent. Check your body for ticks regularly. Remove ticks as soon as possible by using a pair of fine-tipped tweezers. Vaccination is an effective preventative method for TBE. TicoVac may be available for people traveling to endemic countries and will have extensive exposure to ticks based on their planned outdoor activities and itinerary. Talk to your healthcare provider or a pharmacist about tick bite treatment and the importance of getting vaccinated with TicoVac. TicoVac is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and is approved for use in individuals 1 year of age and older.

• #38 Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis/prevention-tick-borne-encephalitis.html

  Learn how tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) can be prevented. […] Consult a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic 6 weeks before you travel. […] The following precautions will help prevent illness. […] Protect yourself from tick bites in high-risk regions when doing activities in forests or overgrown areas. You should: wear closed-toe shoes, long-sleeved shirts and pants, pull your socks over pant legs, wear light-coloured clothes to spot ticks more easily, use insect repellent containing DEET (an active ingredient to keep bugs away) or Icaridin (always follow directions), shower or bathe within 2 hours of being outdoors to wash away loose ticks, do a daily full-body check for ticks on yourself, children and pets, stay on designated hiking trails. […] Keep your pets out of the woods, particularly dogs. Talk to your veterinarian about tick repellents for your pets.

• #39 Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis/prevention-tick-borne-encephalitis.html

  Infected cows, sheep and goats can transmit infection in their milk. However, pasteurization will minimize risk of infection from these products. […] A vaccine against TBE does exist but is only available in countries where the disease is present. Travellers at high risk can consult a health care provider at their destination to discuss the benefits of getting vaccinated.

• #40 Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tick-borne-encephalitis

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus thats transmitted by bites from an infected tick. […] Vaccination is recommended for people living in or visiting those regions. […] If youre planning to travel to these regions, speak with a doctor about getting the TBE vaccine. Vaccination is the best way to prevent TBE infection. […] The best way to protect yourself is to get the TBE vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the vaccine for anyone living in or traveling to areas where TBE occurs, especially if theyre planning outdoor activities. […] Have a conversation with a doctor to learn more about the TBE vaccine if youre planning to travel to high-risk regions in Europe or Asia. Youll need to get the vaccine at least 1 month before traveling. […] Its also important to eat only pasteurized milk and dairy products. This will ensure you avoid the rare chance of infection from unpasteurized products. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent infection if youre planning outdoor activities in high-risk areas. Other effective strategies include avoiding high-risk areas, using insect repellant, and checking your body for ticks immediately after being outdoors.

• #41 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) – VaccinesToday

  https://www.vaccinestoday.eu/diseases-vaccines/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis-tbe/

  Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease transmitted primarily by tick bites, but also by consumption of non-pasteurised milk and milk products from infected animals (especially goats). […] Yes, TBE can be successfully prevented by immunisation. According to the WHO, the best effective way to prevent TBE is vaccination. The field effectiveness of TBE vaccination is among the best achievable against viral infection. The overall field effectiveness in regularly vaccinated people has been shown to be 99%. Prevention by special clothing and tick repellents has proven not reliable enough. Therefore, vaccination against TBE is recommended for everyone residing in or traveling to endemic areas.

• #42 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): From Tick to Pathology

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6859

  Given the spread of TBEV to UK shores, the evaluation of suitable public health measures is required. Within Austria, vaccination has been a cornerstone of reducing symptomatic cases of TBE by providing pre-existing immunity. Indeed, TBE vaccination increased in Austria from 6% in 1980 to 82–85% thirty years later, with cases declining by approximately 85% as a consequence. […] Currently, there are two inactivated European vaccines utilised, namely Encepur (German) and FSME-Immun (Austrian). Both vaccines are well tolerated and licensed within children and adults. The vaccination schedule for both vaccines includes three primary doses within the first year, with booster doses at 3 years, and additional doses advised in those <5 years and >60 years to protect against waning immunity. Overall, seroconversion rates range from 86 to 100%; however, this is dependent on age, the presence of comorbidities, and the underlying trial design. Breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals is well described and is thought to represent 1.7–5% of all TBE cases and most commonly occurs in patients >50 years old or with an incomplete vaccination record. Importantly, in breakthrough infection, there is no evidence of attenuated disease or more severe disease presentations to suggest ADE. However, this may be limited by the rarity of vaccine breakthrough cases and their inclusion in prospective and retrospective analysis. To improve vaccine immunogenicity and provide a longer duration of protection, different means of targeting both the E protein and M protein are required. For this reason, improving T-cell responses would be useful, given their role in humoral responses, with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the NS1 gene providing safe, effective, and durable responses against lethal TBEV challenge in a mouse model. As highlighted previously, the use of miRNA-integrated vaccines may circumvent existing issues with current vaccine design, with single doses demonstrating excellent efficacy in mice.

• #43 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Active immunization is considered an optimal and highly effective method of preventing TBE for individuals who are exposed to endemic areas either professionally or recreationally. The immunization schedule typically involves a series of three doses for complete primary immunization administered at specific intervals (0, 1–3, and 9–12 months). Following the primary immunization, a booster dose is recommended after 3 years. Subsequent booster doses are administered every 3–5 years, with the specific interval determined based on the patient’s age. […] The vaccine for TBE is recognized for its excellent tolerability, safety, and high effectiveness, ranging from 96% to 98.7%. Over the course of four decades, Austria has administered the TBE vaccine to over 35 million individuals, resulting in a substantial decline in TBE incidence and nearly eliminating the disease caused by TBEV.

• #44 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE): From Tick to Pathology

  https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/21/6859

  Given the spread of TBEV to UK shores, the evaluation of suitable public health measures is required. Within Austria, vaccination has been a cornerstone of reducing symptomatic cases of TBE by providing pre-existing immunity. Indeed, TBE vaccination increased in Austria from 6% in 1980 to 82–85% thirty years later, with cases declining by approximately 85% as a consequence. […] Currently, there are two inactivated European vaccines utilised, namely Encepur (German) and FSME-Immun (Austrian). Both vaccines are well tolerated and licensed within children and adults. The vaccination schedule for both vaccines includes three primary doses within the first year, with booster doses at 3 years, and additional doses advised in those <5 years and >60 years to protect against waning immunity. Overall, seroconversion rates range from 86 to 100%; however, this is dependent on age, the presence of comorbidities, and the underlying trial design. Breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals is well described and is thought to represent 1.7–5% of all TBE cases and most commonly occurs in patients >50 years old or with an incomplete vaccination record. Importantly, in breakthrough infection, there is no evidence of attenuated disease or more severe disease presentations to suggest ADE. However, this may be limited by the rarity of vaccine breakthrough cases and their inclusion in prospective and retrospective analysis. To improve vaccine immunogenicity and provide a longer duration of protection, different means of targeting both the E protein and M protein are required. For this reason, improving T-cell responses would be useful, given their role in humoral responses, with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the NS1 gene providing safe, effective, and durable responses against lethal TBEV challenge in a mouse model. As highlighted previously, the use of miRNA-integrated vaccines may circumvent existing issues with current vaccine design, with single doses demonstrating excellent efficacy in mice.

• #45 TBE Risks | TicoVac® (Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine) | Safety Info

  https://ticovac.pfizerpro.com/clinical-information/risk-factors

  Vaccination is an effective prevention method for TBE. TicoVac is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and is approved for use in individuals 1 year of age and older. If your patients are planning on traveling to European or Asian countries, consider having a conversation with them regarding starting the TicoVac vaccination series. The dosage series is made up of 3 separate doses, which must be completed at least seven days before patients plan on embarking to endemic countries. […] There are other methods for helping to avoid tick bites, especially in those countries where the TBE virus is endemic, including wearing clothing that covers the entire body when traveling in areas that are wooded or grassy. Additionally, the need to check for ticks after being in these areas is a must. […] TicoVac is 96% effective in preventing hospitalized TBE.

• #46 Tick-borne encephalitis virus seroprevalence and infection incidence in Switzerland, 2020–2021 | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-92560-1

  In vaccinated individuals, we found an overall prevalence of 72.1% of TBEV E protein-specific IgG antibodies. Antibody titers were significantly higher in individuals who had received a complete basic vaccination compared with those who had received one or two doses or could not recall the number of doses received. […] This study contributes to our understanding of the burden of TBE in Switzerland. Undiagnosed infections are common, and the incidence of TBEV infection is substantially higher than the number of reported clinical cases of TBE.

• #47 Treatment and Prevention of Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE); clinical management is supportive. […] Counsel travelers about using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products; a TBE vaccine is also available. […] In August 2021, the FDA approved a TBE vaccine, TICOVAC (manufactured by Pfizer), for individuals aged 1 year or older. […] The primary vaccination schedule includes 3 doses, and a booster dose can be administered if a person will be at risk for being infected with TBE. […] Travelers should be counseled on how to prevent tick bites. […] More information about reducing exposure to ticks is available on the CDC Ticks website. […] Travelers also should be advised to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

• #48 Prevention of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) – Canada.ca

  https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis/prevention-tick-borne-encephalitis.html

  Learn how tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) can be prevented. […] Consult a health care provider or visit a travel health clinic 6 weeks before you travel. […] The following precautions will help prevent illness. […] Protect yourself from tick bites in high-risk regions when doing activities in forests or overgrown areas. You should: wear closed-toe shoes, long-sleeved shirts and pants, pull your socks over pant legs, wear light-coloured clothes to spot ticks more easily, use insect repellent containing DEET (an active ingredient to keep bugs away) or Icaridin (always follow directions), shower or bathe within 2 hours of being outdoors to wash away loose ticks, do a daily full-body check for ticks on yourself, children and pets, stay on designated hiking trails. […] Keep your pets out of the woods, particularly dogs. Talk to your veterinarian about tick repellents for your pets.

• #49 Tick-Borne Encephalitis – Traveler Summary – TripPrep.com

  https://tripprep.com/library/tick-borne-encephalitis

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a viral infection occurring in focal areas of Europe and Asia, is acquired through the bite of an infected tick. […] Prevention includes wearing long, light-colored trousers tucked into boots when hiking, as well as observing personal protective measures effective against tick bites. […] TBE vaccination may be recommended for travel to some countries. Travelers who cannot obtain TBE vaccine in their home country should arrange to receive the vaccine upon arrival at their destination, if possible. TBE vaccines are available in the US, Europe, and Australia. […] For travel, TBE vaccination is recommended for: All expatriates and travelers with prolonged stays in highly affected countries, due to the likelihood of occasional travel to forested risk areas or exposure in the outskirts of urban areas. […] Additionally, travelers should avoid unpasteurized dairy products, especially goat milk.

• #50 Military Page | TicoVac™ (Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine)|Safety Info

  https://www.ticovac.com/military

  Vaccination is considered the most effective prevention measure for TBE. Military personnel deployed to endemic areas should consider receiving vaccinations. Spouses and military dependents traveling to endemic areas are to receive vaccination before departure to help ensure protection against TBE infection. You and your families should consider prevention options including vaccination if spending time outdoors in wooded or grassy areas, whether in an urban or rural area during TBE virus transmission season, or engaging in activities that will expose them to ticks. […] TicoVac is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent a disease caused by the TBE virus, approved for use in individuals one year of age and older. The primary TicoVac series should be completed at least 1 week prior to potential exposure to TBE. TicoVac follows a 3-dose schedule. The entire primary vaccination schedule can be completed in as few as 6 months for all individuals. […] TicoVac is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and is approved for use in individuals 1 year of age and older.

• #51 The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe – a systematic review | BMC Infectious Diseases | Full Text

  https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-023-08562-9

  In Poland, preventive vaccination against TBE is recommended for people living in areas with an increased prevalence of this disease, in particular for people employed in forestry, military personnel, fire and border guards, farmers, young people on internships and professional practices, as well as individuals who frequently engage in outdoor activities (e.g. joggers, hikers, mushroom pickers, dog owners, hunters, etc.) as well as other individuals undertaking outdoor activities, in particular tourists and camp participants. […] Following basic vaccination according to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond. […] Vaccinations should be routinely performed in the areas of endemic prevalence of TBE with annual incidence rates of 5/100,000. People from risk groups (e.g. foresters, farmers, military personnel) who live in a low endemic area with emerging cases should also be vaccinated. Individuals traveling to the areas of the endemic prevalence of TBE should also be vaccinated before arrival.

• #52 Treatment and Prevention of Tick-borne Encephalitis | Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/tick-borne-encephalitis/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html

  There is no specific treatment for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE); clinical management is supportive. […] Counsel travelers about using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites and avoiding consumption of unpasteurized dairy products; a TBE vaccine is also available. […] In August 2021, the FDA approved a TBE vaccine, TICOVAC (manufactured by Pfizer), for individuals aged 1 year or older. […] The primary vaccination schedule includes 3 doses, and a booster dose can be administered if a person will be at risk for being infected with TBE. […] Travelers should be counseled on how to prevent tick bites. […] More information about reducing exposure to ticks is available on the CDC Ticks website. […] Travelers also should be advised to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

• #53 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection may present clinically as a mild, abortive, non-specific febrile illness; a moderately severe illness with a biphasic course affecting the CNS; or a very severe disease with complications and permanent neurological sequelae but also a possibly fatal outcome. […] Preventing TBEV infections in humans primarily involves reducing the risk of tick bites through measures such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. Vaccines against TBEV are also available and are recommended for individuals living in or traveling to areas where the virus is endemic. […] Prevention of TBEV infection involves implementing general measures, including the pasteurization of milk, reducing the tick population, and adopting personal protection measures (using repellents; wearing appropriate clothing, such as long sleeves, long pants, and closed-toe shoes, to minimize exposed skin and make it more difficult for ticks to attach; and careful inspection and prompt removal of ticks, such as conducting thorough tick checks on the body after spending time in nature, particularly in tick-infested areas). These measures are aimed at minimizing the risk of exposure and transmission. Ticks should be removed promptly and properly using fine-tipped tweezers.

• #54 Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management

  https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v3/i5/430.htm

  Tick-borne encephalitis is an infection of central nervous system caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus transmitted to humans predominantly by tick bites. […] Vaccination can effectively prevent the disease and is indicated for persons living in or visiting tick-borne encephalitis endemic areas. […] However, TBE can be successfully prevented by safe and highly effective vaccine. […] Active immunization is the most effective way to prevent TBE. […] World Health Organization (WHO) recommends vaccination to people of all age groups, including children, in highly endemic areas ( 5 cases/100000 per year). […] Central European Vaccination Awareness Group strongly recommends the introduction of universal TBE vaccination for persons 1 year old for all countries at very high risk of TBE infections.

• #55 Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) – VaccinesToday

  https://www.vaccinestoday.eu/diseases-vaccines/diseases/tick-borne-encephalitis-tbe/

  Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease transmitted primarily by tick bites, but also by consumption of non-pasteurised milk and milk products from infected animals (especially goats). […] Yes, TBE can be successfully prevented by immunisation. According to the WHO, the best effective way to prevent TBE is vaccination. The field effectiveness of TBE vaccination is among the best achievable against viral infection. The overall field effectiveness in regularly vaccinated people has been shown to be 99%. Prevention by special clothing and tick repellents has proven not reliable enough. Therefore, vaccination against TBE is recommended for everyone residing in or traveling to endemic areas.

• #56 About TBE | Bavarian Nordic

  https://bnvaccines.com/en-SE/disease-area/about-tbe

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) represents a growing public health problem that could be substantially reduced with vaccination. […] Vaccination offers the most effective protection against TBE infection. Vaccination can be started any time of the year. […] World Health Organization (WHO). TBE prevention https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/19-02-2020-immunization-is-the-best-protection-against-tick-borne-encephalitis, (accessed June 2020).

• #57 Factsheet about tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/tick-borne-encephalitis/facts/factsheet

  Like other tick-borne infectious diseases, the risk from TBE can be reduced by using insect repellents and protective clothing to prevent tick bites. A vaccine is available in some disease endemic areas. […] TBE virus infection can be prevented by avoiding tick bites through the following methods: vaccination against TBE (inactivated vaccine) is considered to be the most effective means of preventing TBE in endemic countries; application of tick repellents; wearing protective clothing, with long sleeves and long trousers tucked into socks treated with an appropriate insecticide; inspecting the body for ticks after outdoor activities and removing ticks with tweezers or forceps; and avoiding consumption of unpasteurised dairy products in risk areas.

• #58 TBE Protection | TicoVac™ (Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine) | Safety Info

  https://www.ticovac.com/travelers/tick-bite-tbe-protection

  Tick Bite TBE Protection Discover How to Help Stay Protected From Tick-Borne Encephalitis Theres no cure for TBE, but it may be prevented. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends TicoVac as an effective method against the contraction of the TBE virus while traveling to endemic countries throughout Europe and Asia. Help Protect Yourself If you are traveling to a country that is affected by TBE, following a few simple steps can help reduce the chances of being bitten by a tick. Use the following protection and prevention methods to minimize your risk: Avoid heavily tick-infested areas of forest and woodland from spring until fall, where possible. Wear light-colored clothing including long-sleeved tops and long trousers tucked into socks. Use effective insect repellent and tick repellent. Check your body for ticks regularly. Remove ticks as soon as possible by using a pair of fine-tipped tweezers. Vaccination is an effective preventative method for TBE. TicoVac may be available for people traveling to endemic countries and will have extensive exposure to ticks based on their planned outdoor activities and itinerary. Talk to your healthcare provider or a pharmacist about tick bite treatment and the importance of getting vaccinated with TicoVac. TicoVac is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and is approved for use in individuals 1 year of age and older.

• #59 Factsheet about tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)

  https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/tick-borne-encephalitis/facts/factsheet

  Like other tick-borne infectious diseases, the risk from TBE can be reduced by using insect repellents and protective clothing to prevent tick bites. A vaccine is available in some disease endemic areas. […] TBE virus infection can be prevented by avoiding tick bites through the following methods: vaccination against TBE (inactivated vaccine) is considered to be the most effective means of preventing TBE in endemic countries; application of tick repellents; wearing protective clothing, with long sleeves and long trousers tucked into socks treated with an appropriate insecticide; inspecting the body for ticks after outdoor activities and removing ticks with tweezers or forceps; and avoiding consumption of unpasteurised dairy products in risk areas.

• #60 Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, Outlook

  https://www.healthline.com/health/tick-borne-encephalitis

  Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a virus thats transmitted by bites from an infected tick. […] Vaccination is recommended for people living in or visiting those regions. […] If youre planning to travel to these regions, speak with a doctor about getting the TBE vaccine. Vaccination is the best way to prevent TBE infection. […] The best way to protect yourself is to get the TBE vaccine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the vaccine for anyone living in or traveling to areas where TBE occurs, especially if theyre planning outdoor activities. […] Have a conversation with a doctor to learn more about the TBE vaccine if youre planning to travel to high-risk regions in Europe or Asia. Youll need to get the vaccine at least 1 month before traveling. […] Its also important to eat only pasteurized milk and dairy products. This will ensure you avoid the rare chance of infection from unpasteurized products. […] Vaccination is the best way to prevent infection if youre planning outdoor activities in high-risk areas. Other effective strategies include avoiding high-risk areas, using insect repellant, and checking your body for ticks immediately after being outdoors.

• #61 Preventing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) – Bavarian NordicStep 1Step 2Step 3Step 4

  https://loweringtherisk.com/preventing-tick-borne-encephalitis/

  TBE is a vaccine-preventable disease. […] There are lots of practical things you can do to prevent yourself from contracting TBE but the most effective protection is to get the TBE vaccine if you’re planning to spend a lot of time outdoors in an affected area. […] The vaccination requires a course of 3 injections for full protection. […] The first booster is often recommended to be administered within 3 years. […] In most countries, subsequent booster doses are recommended every 5 years for persons younger than 60 years and every 3 years for persons 60 years of age or older. […] Make sure you get the second dose at least 2 weeks before you travel. […] You should be able to get the vaccine at your GP, travel centre and pharmacy. […] Wear long trousers, socks and closed footwear when hiking or camping or spending time outdoors in risk areas. […] Apply insect repellent containing DEET. […] Avoid consuming unpasteurised dairy products in case the dairy animal was infected with TBE. […] Tick bites don’t always hurt so inspect your body every day to check for any ticks that may have become attached. Remove them as soon as possible.

• #62 Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention

  https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/7/1634

  Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection may present clinically as a mild, abortive, non-specific febrile illness; a moderately severe illness with a biphasic course affecting the CNS; or a very severe disease with complications and permanent neurological sequelae but also a possibly fatal outcome. […] Preventing TBEV infections in humans primarily involves reducing the risk of tick bites through measures such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors. Vaccines against TBEV are also available and are recommended for individuals living in or traveling to areas where the virus is endemic. […] Prevention of TBEV infection involves implementing general measures, including the pasteurization of milk, reducing the tick population, and adopting personal protection measures (using repellents; wearing appropriate clothing, such as long sleeves, long pants, and closed-toe shoes, to minimize exposed skin and make it more difficult for ticks to attach; and careful inspection and prompt removal of ticks, such as conducting thorough tick checks on the body after spending time in nature, particularly in tick-infested areas). These measures are aimed at minimizing the risk of exposure and transmission. Ticks should be removed promptly and properly using fine-tipped tweezers.

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