Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9189742/

  Despite advances in atopic dermatitis (AD) treatments, research into AD prevention has been slow. […] Systematic reviews suggest that probiotics could reduce AD incidence by around 20%, although the studies are quite variable and might benefit from individual patient data meta-analysis. […] Skin barrier enhancement from birth to prevent AD and food allergy has received recent interest, and results from national trials are awaited. […] Just like we can prevent infectious diseases like polio, it should be possible to prevent eczema (atopic dermatitis), food allergy and asthma. […] Most things that have been tried so far to prevent eczema including exclusive breastfeeding, timing of starting solids, supplements like Vitamin D and reducing house dust mite do not seem to work. […] Taking probiotics (friendly gut bacteria) during pregnancy probably reduces the risk of eczema by around 20%, although we are still not sure what combination is best.

• #2 How to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) in 2024: Theory and Evidence – PubMed

  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38703820/

  Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. We review emerging concepts and clinical evidence addressing the pathogenesis and prevention of AD. […] We examine several interventions ranging from skin barrier enhancement strategies to probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; and conversely, from antimicrobial exposure to vitamin D and omega fatty acid supplementation; breastfeeding and hydrolyzed formula; and house dust mite avoidance and immunotherapy. […] Major international efforts are required to provide definitive evidence regarding what works and what does not for preventing AD.

• #2 Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9189742/

  New research is trying to find out if special creams that make a baby’s skin barrier stronger can prevent eczema. […] The main exception to the lack of positive findings for AD prevention has been the use of probiotics. Probiotic use has consistently shown modest benefit and good safety when tested in different populations around the world, prompting the World Allergy Organisation guideline panel to determine that there is a likely net benefit from using probiotics resulting primarily from prevention of eczema. […] The WAO guideline panel suggests using probiotics in: (i) pregnant women at high risk of having an allergic child; (ii) women who are breastfeeding infants at high risk of developing allergy; and (iii) infants at high risk of developing allergy. […] The evidence that ingested probiotics (non-pathogenic live bacteria or yeasts that can restore a dysfunctional pro-inflammatory gut microbiome) or prebiotics (nondigestible food ingredients that encourage beneficial bacteria to thrive) or both (synbiotics) can prevent AD is gathering momentum.

• #3 Is it Possible to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis? | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/blog/preventing-eczema-in-infants/

  A diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) can result in multiple physical burdens for affected individuals, as well as reduced quality of life and negative social and economic impact. Eczema patients and caregivers, healthcare providers, and AD researchers would love to be able to prevent AD symptoms from developing in the first place. While decades of research into prevention of AD has been performed, this ideal remains elusive and challenging to solve. […] Methods of AD prevention examined in research have focused on improving the skin barrier through use of emollients and moisturizers, reducing exposure to allergens or altering the development of the immune system both before and after birth, and altering the microbiome through use of probiotic supplements taken by either a mother or an infant.

• #4 Is it Possible to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis? | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/blog/preventing-eczema-in-infants/

  The main areas of research into the primary prevention of AD can be categorized according to timing of the intervention, i.e. altering risk factors in the mother prior to infant birth (prenatal) or changing things about the experience of the at-risk infant at and shortly after birth (peri-natal). […] Methods that have been explored for predicting AD primarily include improving the skin barrier using emollients and moisturizers, altering dietary intake, limiting or altering the environment and changing the microbiome using probiotics to allow good bacteria to develop on the skin and in the gut rather than colonization of disease producing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. […] In an initial study of 124 infants known to be at high risk for developing AD (a parent or sibling have AD, asthma or allergic rhinitis) parents were instructed to apply full-body emollient therapy at least once a day starting three weeks post-birth while the control group of parents were instructed not to apply emollients. Daily emollient use significantly reduced the incidence of AD development at six months, with 43% of the infants not given emollients developing AD while only 22% of infants receiving emollients daily developed AD (50% reduced risk).

• #5 Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica

  https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3516

  Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis […] Despite advances in atopic dermatitis (AD) treatments, research into AD prevention has been slow. […] Systematic reviews suggest that probiotics could reduce AD incidence by around 20%, although the studies are quite variable and might benefit from individual patient data meta-analysis. Skin barrier enhancement from birth to prevent AD and food allergy has received recent interest, and results from national trials are awaited. […] Just like we can prevent infectious diseases like polio, it should be possible to prevent eczema (atopic dermatitis), food allergy and asthma. […] Taking probiotics (friendly gut bacteria) during pregnancy probably reduces the risk of eczema by around 20%, although we are still not sure what combination is best. New research is trying to find out if special creams that make a baby’s skin barrier stronger can prevent eczema. […] The main exception to the lack of positive findings for AD prevention has been the use of probiotics. Probiotic use has consistently shown modest benefit and good safety when tested in different populations around the world, prompting the World Allergy Organisation guideline panel to determine that there is a likely net benefit from using probiotics resulting primarily from prevention of eczema. The WAO guideline panel suggests using probiotics in: (i) pregnant women at high risk of having an allergic child; (ii) women who are breastfeeding infants at high risk of developing allergy; and (iii) infants at high risk of developing allergy.

• #6 Atopic Dermatitis Prevention and Treatment | MDedge Dermatology

  https://www.mdedge9-ma1.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/146011/atopic-dermatitis/atopic-dermatitis-prevention-and-treatment

  Prevention of atopic dermatitis is desired in high-risk settings (ie, 1 or more relatives with atopy). […] Emollient therapy from early infancy has been described as one method. […] Other forms of disease prevention have not yet been adequately developed. […] A randomized trial of infants in the United States and United Kingdom at high risk for AD (ie, family history of atopy) reported that the AD risk was reduced by 50% when patients were treated with at least once-daily application of full-body emollients for 6 months (beginning by 3 weeks of life). […] The strategy of daily application of emollients for avoidance of AD in infants with a family history of AD is reasonable but may not offer lifetime prevention, and the benefit in children not from AD families is unknown. […] Prenatal and postnatal (maternal and child) supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus has shown promise in prevention.

• #7 Atopic Dermatitis Prevention and Treatment | MDedge Dermatology

  https://www.mdedge9-ma1.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/146011/atopic-dermatitis/atopic-dermatitis-prevention-and-treatment

  The most successful recent trial involved the randomization of 415 pregnant women to receive interventions from 36 weeks gestation until 3 months postpartum. […] The intervention was a randomized comparison of milk without probiotics versus a blend of probiotic milk containing L rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bb-12. […] The strategy caused a statistically significant reduction in AD in the complete case analysis (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.92; P=.027; number needed to treat, 6).

• #8 Can anything prevent my child from getting eczema?

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/childhood/atopic-dermatitis-child-get

  As the number of children who develop atopic dermatitis (AD) grows, so do the studies looking for a way to prevent it. So far, no one thing guarantees your child wont develop AD, the most common type of eczema. Making some lifestyle changes, however, may reduce your childs risk. […] Findings from one study suggest that breastfeeding may help newborns at high risk of developing AD. […] In this study, breastfeeding a high-risk newborn reduced the childs chance of developing AD by 33%. Researchers also discovered that breastfeeding a child with a high risk of developing AD may protect the child from getting severe AD. […] According to this study, the childs risk was lower when mothers: Breastfed for 4 to 6 months […] The findings also suggest that for the babys first 4 months of life, a mother should breastfeed only. No solid foods should be given during this time. The risk of developing AD was higher when babies were fed solid foods before 4 months of age.

• #9 Atopic Dermatitis Prevention and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/atopic-dermatitis-prevention-and-treatment

  Prevention strategies for AD have been largely unsuccessful in the past, which may relate to factors such as prenatal triggers. However, some newer interventional studies have shown some promise in AD prevention in specific settings. For example, a randomized trial of infants in the United States and United Kingdom at high risk for AD (ie, family history of atopy) reported that the AD risk was reduced by 50% when patients were treated with at least once-daily application of full-body emollients for 6 months (beginning by 3 weeks of life). The strategy of daily application of emollients for avoidance of AD in infants with a family history of AD is reasonable but may not offer lifetime prevention, and the benefit in children not from AD families is unknown. […] Other trials to prevent AD have included usage of dust avoidance and dust covers for mattresses. This strategy showed modest benefit in reducing the incidence of atopic diatheses in the first year but did not gain endorsement by the most recent guidelines of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).

• #10 Atopic Dermatitis | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342028/all/Atopic_Dermatitis

  Atopic dermatitis, frequently referred to as eczema, is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that currently affects about 20% of people worldwide and is increasing in prevalence. […] Some evidence suggests that exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 3 months of life, along with early exposure to daycare and companion animals, may be associated with reduced risk among infants with a family history of atopy. […] Initial treatment of atopic dermatitis should seek to eliminate exacerbating agents, such as soaps and detergents, food allergens, and cosmetics. […] Basic management and flare prevention consists of short (5-10 minutes) daily showers or baths with lukewarm water followed immediately by the application of emollients and moisturizers, and avoidance of triggers such as irritants, aero- or food allergens, and extremes of heat, cold, or humidity.

• #11 Can anything prevent my child from getting eczema?

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/childhood/atopic-dermatitis-child-get

  If your child has a high risk of developing AD, breastfeeding for the first 4 months may reduce your childs risk. Breastfeeding also has many other health benefits. […] Mothers-to-be who eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, fish, and vitamin D may reduce their childs risk of developing eczema. […] After looking at findings from 42 studies, researchers discovered that children had a lower risk of developing AD when their mothers ate a healthy diet while pregnant. […] Taking a probiotic during pregnancy may also slightly lower the risk of a child developing AD. […] Research shows that following the diet described above may lower your childs risk of developing AD. […] In looking at 42 studies, researchers found that when mothers stopped eating these foods, it didnt change a childs risk of developing AD.

• #12 Can anything prevent my child from getting eczema?

  https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema/childhood/atopic-dermatitis-child-get

  Eliminating certain foods from your diet may not reduce your childs risk of developing eczema. […] Applying moisturizer may reduce your childs risk of developing AD. […] In this study, the childrens parents had one or more of these conditions atopic dermatitis, hay fever, or asthma. […] For these children, having a dog in the house before the childs first birthday dramatically reduced the childs risk of developing AD by age 4. […] The findings from studies suggest that having a dog in the home may reduce a childs risk of developing AD.

• #13 Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9189742/

  A systematic review of house dust mite avoidance strategies (alone or with allergen avoidance) that included 7 RCTs concluded such modalities do not decrease the risk of developing AD. […] Since the discovery of a strong association between AD and loss-of-function mutations in FLG, the gene encoding filaggrin an essential protein for healthy skin barrier function, interest has increased on the potential benefits of skin barrier enhancement as a means of preventing AD and food allergy. […] Two large prevention RCTs have been set up to test the hypothesis that emollients from birth can prevent AD. […] The first of these studies (Barrier Enhancement for Eczema Prevention (BEEP) trial) is investigating daily emollient for the first year of life in babies born to atopic families. […] The second, the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in children study (PreventADALL), is a factorial trial comparing skin care and consecutive introduction of allergenic foods. […] Although the World Allergy Organisation guideline panel has determined that there is a net benefit of probiotics for AD prevention, concerns regarding the heterogeneity of studies remains.

• #14 Atopic dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis

  There are no established clinical methods using dietary or topical strategies to inhibit or prevent atopic dermatitis. Specific dietary plans during pregnancy and in early childhood, such as eating fatty fish (or taking omega-3 supplements), are not effective. Taking probiotics (for example Lactobacillus rhamnosus) during pregnancy and feeding probiotics to infants are strategies under research, with only preliminary evidence that they may be preventative. […] Using moisturizers daily in infants during the first year of life does not help to prevent atopic dermatitis, and might even increase the risk of skin infections.

• #15 Dermatitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatitis

  Prevention of atopic dermatitis is typically with essential fatty acids, and may be treated with moisturizers and steroid creams. […] The steroid creams should generally be of mid-to high strength and used for less than two weeks at a time, as side effects can occur. […] Skin barrier improvement (such as daily moisturizing to minimize transepidermal water loss) and anti-inflammatory therapy are recommended as preventative measures. […] There is moderate certainty evidence that the use of skin care interventions such as emollients within the first year of life of an infant’s life is not effective in preventing eczema. […] In fact, it may increase the risk of skin infection and of unwanted effects such as allergic reaction to certain moisturizers and a stinging sensation. […] There is some evidence that infants with an established egg allergy may have a reduction in symptoms if eggs are eliminated from their diets. […] Oils with fatty acids that have been studied to prevent dermatitis include: Corn oil: Linoleic acid (LA), Fish oil: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Hemp seed oil: Linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA).

• #16 Can Atopic Dermatitis Be Prevented? | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/en-can-atopic-dermatitis-be-prevented-articulo-S1578219015000724

  The relevant literature is abundant, with contradictory findings and considerable heterogeneity between studies in terms of factors such as diagnostic criteria, methodology, strains, and dose. […] The presence of pets during the first year of life could protect against AD. […] Some articles showed an inverse association between AD and helminth infection, thus explaining, at least in part, differences between developed and developing countries and rural and urban areas. […] Although it can be difficult to discriminate between the use of antibiotics and the infection they are prescribed for, several studies have associated antibiotic therapy with an increased risk of AD. […] The recommendations and actions reported in the literature are as follows: Modification of maternal diet, with a reduction in the so-called allergenic foods, -3 supplements, fatty acids, and vitamin D.

• #17 Can Atopic Dermatitis Be Prevented? | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/en-can-atopic-dermatitis-be-prevented-articulo-S1578219015000724

  Breastfeeding has traditionally been considered a major barrier against AD and allergy. […] A significant percentage of patients with AD are sensitized to house dust mites, and some experience outbreaks after exposure. […] Secondary prevention measures are aimed at reducing the number and intensity of outbreaks and preventing or diminishing the atopic march. […] If we assume that the atopic march is causal and that it is due, at least in part, to a defective skin barrier, then it could be avoided or at least diminished if we could restore the skin barrier. […] In AD, inflammation produces a series of cytokines that can exercise a negative effect on the expression of filaggrin and the synthesis of specific lipids present in the stratum corneum, thus leading to greater transepidermal elimination of water and more marked loss of barrier function.

• #18 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353279

  Taking care of sensitive skin is the first step in treating atopic dermatitis and preventing flares. To help reduce itching and soothe inflamed skin, try these self-care measures: […] Moisturize your skin at least twice a day. Find a product or combination of products that works for you. […] Apply an anti-itch cream to the affected area. A nonprescription cream containing at least 1% hydrocortisone can temporarily relieve the itch. […] Don’t scratch. Rather than scratching when you itch, try pressing on or patting the skin. […] Take a daily bath or shower. Use warm, rather than hot, water. […] Use a gentle, nonsoap cleanser. Choose one without dyes, alcohols or fragrances. […] Take a bleach bath. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends a bleach bath for relief from severe or frequent flares.

• #19 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease affecting one in 10 people in their lifetime. […] Maintenance therapy consists of liberal use of emollients and daily bathing with soap-free cleansers. […] Emollients should be used as the primary therapy for atopic dermatitis flare-ups and maintenance. […] Once-daily bathing with lukewarm water that is limited to five to 10 minutes is recommended for patients with atopic dermatitis. […] Emollients help retain and replenish epidermal moisture, decrease disease severity, and prolong the interval between flare-ups, and they should be used as the primary therapy for flare-ups and maintenance. […] Regular bathing helps hydrate and cleanse the skin by removing scales, crusts, bacteria, allergens, and irritants.

• #20 Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis and Treatment | AAFP

  https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2020/0515/p590.html

  Patients should use soap-free, dye-free, fragrance-free, and hyporeactive cleansers; pat dry wet skin; and apply emollients within three minutes of bathing to help seal in moisture. […] There is no high-quality evidence supporting oral antibiotics for prophylaxis, and they should be used only to treat secondary bacterial infections. […] Evidence supporting popular over-the-counter supplements, including evening primrose oil, oral borage oil, probiotics, and St. John’s wort, as effective treatments for atopic dermatitis is lacking.

• #21 Atopic dermatitis (eczema) – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atopic-dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20353273

  Moisturizing regularly and following other skin care habits can relieve itching and prevent new outbreaks (flares). […] Developing a basic skin care routine may help prevent eczema flares. The following tips may help reduce the drying effects of bathing: […] Moisturize your skin at least twice a day. Creams, ointments, shea butter and lotions seal in moisture. […] Using petroleum jelly on your baby’s skin may help prevent development of atopic dermatitis. […] Take a daily bath or shower. Use warm, rather than hot, water and limit your bath or shower to about 10 minutes. […] Use a gentle, nonsoap cleanser. Choose a cleanser that’s free of dyes, alcohols and fragrance. […] Pat dry. After bathing, gently pat the skin with a soft towel. Apply moisturizer while your skin is still damp (within three minutes). […] The triggers for atopic dermatitis vary widely from person to person. Try to identify and avoid irritants that trigger your eczema. […] Once you understand what triggers your eczema, talk with your health care provider about how to manage your symptoms and prevent flares.

• #22 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis

  Dry skin (xerosis), a common feature of eczema, is highly responsive to treatment with moisturisers; and moisturiser use has been associated with reduced frequency of flares and reduced use of topical corticosteroids. […] Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) is a surfactant used to mix the oil and water in moisturisers. It irritates dermatitis when left on for prolonged periods. Products to be left on the skin should be SLS-free, contain only a few ingredients, and ideally avoid other irritants or allergens such as fragrances. […] Antiseptics can be used during an infection and to try to prevent infection, but with care as they can irritate the skin. […] Topical steroids are the mainstay treatment for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. They are safe and effective when used correctly. […] Wet wraps can be applied over a topical steroid for acutely inflamed atopic dermatitis.

• #23

  https://www.healthxchange.sg/head-neck/skin-health/eczema-atopic-dermatitis-how-to-prevent

  Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a skin disease causing red, itchy and inflamed allergy rashes. Our consultant and head of the Dermatology Service from Sengkang General Hospital (SKH) offers prevention tips for eczema flare-ups. […] Dealing with eczema is quite troublesome and can be embarrassing for some people, so sometimes its best to try preventing it. Lets look at some ways how to do so. […] Triggering irritants and substances are an environmental factor that can cause eczema flares. Even though you dont always use harsh soap or detergent, some of these irritants might be in your regular bath soap. […] Dr Phoon advised, „Try to avoid products that contain common allergens such as: Parabens (preservatives), Sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), Fragrances.” […] If its too troublesome to check for ingredients, you can simply buy special bath products that are made for people with dry and sensitive skin.

• #24 How to prevent flare-ups for atopic dermatitis: Tips and seeking help

  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-to-prevent-atopic-dermatitis-flare-ups

  While there may be no cure for atopic dermatitis, there are effective strategies for reducing its impact on a persons life. These include reducing stress, avoiding triggers, moisturizing skin, and wearing loose-fitting clothing. […] Preventing atopic dermatitis flare-ups can reduce discomfort and frustration, helping individuals to live more comfortably. […] Managing stress is an essential part of preventing flare-ups. […] To help prevent flare-ups, it is crucial to maintain optimal skin hydration. […] Identifying and avoiding irritants and triggers is a crucial step for preventing atopic dermatitis flare-ups. […] Wearing tight-fitting clothing can cause friction and irritation, which may contribute to flare-ups. Choosing loose, breathable clothing can help reduce these risks. […] Environmental factors such as dust, smoke, and pet dander can exacerbate atopic dermatitis symptoms. To help prevent flare-ups, a person can take measures to minimize exposure to these irritants.

• #25 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): Symptoms, Causes, Triggers, & Treatment

  https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-basics

  You cant really prevent atopic dermatitis, but you can take steps to reduce your risk of flare-ups, such as: […] Avoid your triggers. Figure out what triggers your flare-ups and try to avoid them. Your doctor can help you figure out strategies for this. […] Take care of your skin. It’s key to keep your skin moisturized. […] When you bathe, use warm, not hot, water. Use mild soaps or non-soap cleaners, such as castile bar soaps. Avoid deodorant or antibacterial soaps because these can really dry your skin out. […] Apply moisturizer while your skin is still damp (within 3 minutes after you get out of the bath or shower). Moisturize at least twice daily with creams, oils, sprays, ointments, or a combination of these. Look for products that have no perfumes or dyes that could irritate your skin. […] Know more about how to prevent atopic dermatitis flare-ups.

• #26 Atopic eczema – NHS

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/atopic-eczema/

  There are some things you can do that can help with atopic eczema. […] avoid things that make your eczema worse such as soap, washing detergent, some fabrics or pets […] apply moisturising treatments (emollients) to your skin as often as possible (at least 2 times a day) continue to moisturise even if your eczema improves […] wash with an emollient instead of soap […] keep cool being hot can make your eczema more itchy […] keep nails short and put anti-scratch mittens on babies to help prevent damage to the skin from scratching. […] do not scratch your eczema, as it can make it worse if your eczema is itchy, try gently rubbing the affected area with your finger instead […] do not share your emollients with anyone else […] do not put your fingers into an emollient pot use a spoon or pump dispenser instead

• #27 Eczema: What It Is, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9998-eczema

  There are steps you can take that may prevent eczema flare-ups and outbreaks, including: […] Moisturize your skin regularly or when your skin becomes dry. Seal in moisture after a bath or shower by immediately applying moisturizer to your skin. […] Take baths or showers with warm, not hot, water. […] Stay hydrated and drink at least eight glasses of water each day. Water helps keep your skin moist. […] Wear loose clothes made of cotton and other natural materials. Wash new clothing before wearing it. Avoid wool or synthetic fibers. […] Manage your stress and emotional triggers. See a psychiatrist for medication and a therapist for counseling if you’re experiencing symptoms of poor mental/emotional health. […] Use a humidifier if dry air makes your skin dry. […] Avoid irritants and allergens.

• #28 5 Tips for Preventing an Eczema Flare-Up: Manhattan Dermatology: General, Surgical, & Cosmetic Dermatology

  https://www.dermatologistnewyork.org/blog/5-tips-for-preventing-an-eczema-flare-up

  Limit Your Contact with Certain Household Items […] If you can determine what triggers your flare-ups, do your best to avoid these items. […] If you cant figure out your triggers, certain household items are more likely to trigger an itchy eczema episode. […] Wear Gloves […] Wearing gloves in cold weather not only keep you warm but they also protect your hands against the cold air that can dry your skin and exacerbate your eczema. […] But you should also wear gloves, plastic ones when you do dishes and other work that exposes your hand to chemicals or irritants. […] Practice Good Bath and Shower Etiquette […] Take warm baths or showers and keep them short. […] Long, hot showers can dry out your skin, making it more prone to flare-ups. […] Moisturize […] The key to preventing dry skin is to slather moisturizer all over your body at least twice a day. […] Reduce Stress […] Getting stressed out about your eczema makes it worse, as does scratching it. […] Also, stress, in general, can lead to a flare-up.

• #29

  https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contact-dermatitis/

  The best way to prevent contact dermatitis is to avoid contact with the allergens or irritants that cause your symptoms. […] If you cannot avoid contact, you can take steps to reduce the risk of the allergens or irritants causing symptoms, including: […] cleaning your skin if you come into contact with an allergen or irritant, rinse the affected skin with warm water and an emollient as soon as possible […] using gloves to protect your hands but take them off every now and again, as sweating can make any symptoms worse; you may find it useful to wear cotton gloves underneath rubber gloves if the rubber also irritates you […] changing products that irritate your skin check the ingredients on make-up or soap to make sure it does not contain any irritants or allergens; in some cases, you may need to contact the manufacturer or check online to get this information […] applying emollients frequently and in large amounts these keep your skin hydrated and help protect it from allergens and irritants; you could also use emollient soap substitutes rather than regular bar or liquid soaps, which can dry out your skin.

• #30 Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis

  https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/atopic-dermatitis/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis/?srsltid=AfmBOoqm_XlfL1YFNRvtLz9N5u46qLvBlHmdhXXXH-iGOXaocV0gDoiX

  Moisturizing the skin, for the purpose of […] Repairing and maintaining the skin barrier […] Hydrating the skin (which can prevent pruritus) […] Preventing and managing skin infections […] Daily bathing is desirable, if the bath lasts less than 10 minutes and warm (not hot) water is used […] Apply an emollient as needed to control dry skin. The most effective timing is when applied immediately after bathing (while skin is still moist) […] A moisturizer should be used regularly. However, applying a corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitor once or twice weekly at locations prone to exacerbations has been shown to reduce relapses and increase the time to the next flare […] Avoiding dust mites through frequent vacuuming and encasing pillows and mattresses in allergen-proof products may result in a modest reduction in the severity of atopic dermatitis. Such recommendations are reserved for patients with severe or recalcitrant disease.

• #31 Atopic Dermatitis Treatments: Drug and Nondrug Therapies

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/guide/treatment/

  There is no cure for atopic dermatitis, but there are treatments that can ease symptoms like itch and inflammation and reduce flare-ups. […] Medications, moisturizers, and at-home skin-care routines are all part of an effective treatment plan. […] In addition to seeking help from a doctor, people with atopic dermatitis may be able to take a few steps on their own to reduce itching and the need for medication. […] These measures include: Keeping fingernails short and wearing gloves at night to avoid scratching the skin […] Moisturizing skin frequently with ointments (petroleum jelly), creams, and lotions that are free of alcohol, fragrances, and dyes […] Using a humidifier, particularly if the air is dry […] Avoiding skin irritants, such as wool or man-made fibers (wear soft cotton clothing instead), strong soaps and detergents, and situations or environments that cause sweating

• #32 Eczema (atopic dermatitis) | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/eczema-atopic-dermatitis

  Suggestions for reducing skin irritation include: Avoid overheating your skin. Wear several layers of clothing that you can remove, as required, instead of one heavy layer. […] In some cases, eczema may be an allergic reaction to environmental triggers. Some people with resistant eczema may find it helpful to have allergy testing. […] Abrupt temperature and humidity changes can sometimes irritate the skin for example, going in and out of air-conditioned buildings on hot days or heated buildings on cold days. […] If you notice that your eczema seems to get worse after eating a particular food, you may be an exception to this. See your doctor or dietitian for proper allergy testing and dietary advice. […] Other tips to manage your eczema include: Keep your fingernails short longer nails are more likely to injure your skin when you scratch.

• #33 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/eczema

  Eczema is a chronic condition that affects the skin causing it to become red, dry, itchy, and prone to infection. Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis. […] Eczema symptoms can get worse (flare) for different reasons, and this is usually due to many factors. […] Protect skin every day. Apply non-fragranced moisturiser to the face and body at least twice every day. After a bath or shower in lukewarm water, pat the skin dry, and apply moisturiser straight away. Use a body wash and/or oil that does not contain soap. Avoid soap and bubbly products which dry out the skin. Avoid creams that contain food products, such as milk, nut oils, and wheatgerm. After swimming, especially in chlorinated pools, rinse under a shower and apply moisturiser. […] Avoid known triggers and irritants, such as: Dry skin. Scratching (night gloves and clipped fingernails may be needed for young children). Viral or bacterial infections. Swimming in chlorinated swimming pools. Playing in sand, especially sandpits. Sitting directly on carpet or grass. Pollen allergens from grasses, weeds, or trees, especially in spring and summer. Food intolerance to artificial colours and/or preservatives. Irritants such as perfumes, soaps, chemicals, wool, and synthetic fabrics. Temperature changes, such as overly heated rooms. Stress – although not a cause on its own, it can make eczema worse. Contact with animals or house dust mite allergen. Constant exposure to water, soap, grease, food or chemicals, that can damage the protective barrier function of the skin which can lead to eczema developing.

• #34 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) – Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA)

  https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/skin-allergy/eczema

  Prevent and treat infection. Eczema is prone to infection with bacteria like Staph (Staphylococcus aureus) and viruses such as the cold sore virus (herpes simplex). Some people with eczema will need to treat infections as they occur. Others may require a long-term strategy to prevent recurrent infection, such as diluted bleach baths.

• #35 Eczema

  https://www.seattlechildrens.org/conditions/a-z/eczema/

  Eczema is a chronic skin disease. […] The goal is to treat all flare-ups quickly. Reason: to prevent skin damage. […] Some flare-ups of eczema cannot be explained. But others are triggered by things that can be avoided. […] Avoid chlorine in swimming pools and spas, harsh chemicals, and soaps. […] Never use bubble bath. It can cause a major flare. […] Keep your child off the grass during grass pollen season. […] Avoid any animals that make the rash worse. […] If certain foods cause severe itching (flares), avoid them. […] Wear clothes made of cotton or cotton blends as much as possible. Avoid wool fibers and clothes made of other scratchy, rough materials. They make eczema worse. […] Try to avoid excess heat, excess cold and dry air (use a humidifier). Avoid over-dressing. Heat can make the rash worse. […] Caution: keep your child away from anyone with fever blisters (cold sores). The herpes virus can cause a serious skin infection in children with eczema.

• #36 Atopic Dermatitis Treatments: Drug and Nondrug Therapies

  https://www.everydayhealth.com/eczema/guide/treatment/

  Avoiding airborne allergens, such as pollen, pet dander, and dust mites. […] When bathing, it’s important to minimize time in the tub or shower (aim for no more than 10 to 15 minutes) and to use cool or lukewarm water. Use gentle body washes and cleansers, and avoid scrubbing or toweling off for too long. […] Also be sure to apply a moisturizer immediately after drying off. […] While you cant cure atopic dermatitis naturally, some people have found relief with the following home treatments: Adding a quarter cup of baking soda, a cup of table salt, a cup of vinegar, fragrance-free bath oils, or a half cup of bleach to a full tub of bathwater […] Managing stress through massage, yoga, qigong, tai chi, mindfulness meditation, hypnosis, or biofeedback.

• #37 Eczema and atopic dermatitis, causes and treatments

  https://www.centrethermalavene.com/en/your-skin/eczema-atopic-dermatitis

  Personal hygiene is also important. Choose suitable soap-free hygiene products formulated and tested on atopic skin with the shortest possible list of ingredients. […] Stress is not the cause of atopic eczema, but it is an aggravating factor that can trigger a relapse. Also, learning to manage stress using various means or gentle techniques, such as relaxation and sophrology, can be a way to improve day-to-day life with skin that overreacts to its environment.

• #38 Atopic eczema

  https://www.pcds.org.uk/clinical-guidance/atopic-eczema

  In infants and very young children there is some evidence that washing hands before applying emollients may reduce the risk of peanut and various other food allergies. […] Patients must pat themselves dry after bathing, this is a good time to also apply moisturiser. […] Although specific soap substitutes can be prescribed it is probably more cost effective to use one of the prescribed moisturisers as a wash – ointments in particular can provide an effective wash. […] The weekend steroid regime – patients with frequent flares often benefit from applying steroid creams/ointments on two consecutive days a week once a flare has settled. […] Prevention of flares – Protopic 0.03% and 0.1% are licensed for use x 2-3 weekly as maintenance to prevent flares.

• #39 Atopic Dermatitis | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342028/all/Atopic_Dermatitis

  Education about the disease is an integral part of treatment. […] Psychological approaches to mitigate stress may reduce the risk of exacerbations. […] Emollient creams or ointments should be applied liberally, especially after bathing, to lock in moisture. […] Avoidance of a Western dietary pattern. […] Eliminating allergy-causing foods. […] A review found that evidence for the effectiveness of elimination of cows milk or eggs for children with atopic dermatitis was lacking. […] Probiotics (mainly Lactobacillus rhamnosus) are orally administered microorganisms that have been used for atopic diseases because they may have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties by stimulating Th1 cytokines and by down-regulating CD34+ cells involved in the symptoms of dermatitis, while increasing those with anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., interferon).

• #40 Atopic Dermatitis – Whole Health Library

  https://www.va.gov/WHOLEHEALTHLIBRARY/tools/atopic-dermatitis.asp

  Take gentle care of your skin. […] Bathe in lukewarm water with gentle soaps. […] Apply thick creams or ointments while skin is still slightly damp. […] Ensure adequate good-quality sleep and consider melatonin supplementation. […] Take an anti-inflammatory dietary approach, and reduce intake of refined carbohydrates. […] Consider taking an omega-3 supplement. […] Consider taking supplemental vitamin D3. […] Consider taking a good-quality multivitamin that contains appropriate doses of zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin E. […] Consider topical glycyrrhetinic acid, indigo, calendula, and/or chamomile. […] Learn about different approaches to stress management.

• #41 Atopic Dermatitis | Nutrition Guide for Clinicians

  https://nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutritionguide/view/Nutrition_Guide_for_Clinicians/1342028/all/Atopic_Dermatitis

  A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found the use of synbiotics (combinations of prebiotics and probiotics) for at least 8 weeks with mixed-strain bacterial species had a significant effect on improving the SCORAD index in children more than 1 year old. […] Probiotics reduced the risk for atopic dermatitis in children whether given during pregnancy or during the perinatal period. […] Vitamin D supplementation. Although data are mixed regarding the benefit of vitamin D supplementation, benefits are clearer in those with baseline low vitamin D levels or with frequent skin infections.

• #42 Atopic Dermatitis Treatment — DermNet

  https://dermnetnz.org/topics/treatment-of-atopic-dermatitis

  Education: Understanding the disorder and being fully informed by healthcare providers is important. Effective education facilitates effective treatment. […] Skin irritants: Where possible, avoid triggers that can directly inflame the skin. These may include fabrics, chemicals, humidity, and dryness. […] Food: The relationship between atopic dermatitis and food is complex. Food allergies may exacerbate atopic dermatitis, but avoidance diets do not cure the problem. Avoidance may exacerbate atopic dermatitis. […] Psychological support: The psychological effects of atopic dermatitis are considerable, for both the sufferer and the carer. Counselling and cognitive behavioural therapy can be beneficial. […] Emollients and moisturisers are an essential aspect of care for all types of dermatitis. They need to be continued long-term in atopic dermatitis even if the skin looks and feels comfortable. They should be applied regularly (2-3 times/day is recommended) and liberally.

• #43 Atopic Dermatitis Prevention and Treatment | MDedge

  https://community.the-hospitalist.org/content/atopic-dermatitis-prevention-and-treatment

  Parental education and written eczema action plans are recommended to help patients and parents/guardians follow recommended regimens; Tollefson and Bruckner for the American Academy of Pediatrics provide an action plan to guide the care of children with atopic dermatitis that is simple, but many others exist online. The eczema action plan usually provides information on how to bathe and what to do when the skin is actively inflamed. […] The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended a skin care regimen of bathing every 2 to 3 days in lukewarm water for 10 to 15 minutes, followed by application of emollients that are fragrance free and have few preservatives. […] Despite enhanced emollients, the therapy of AD still requires usage of prescription or over-the-counter TCs and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) in many cases. […] Conservative measures to avoid house dust mite exposure in known sensitized individuals including dust covers for pillows and mattresses may be beneficial.

• #44 Is it Possible to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis? | National Eczema Association

  https://nationaleczema.org/blog/preventing-eczema-in-infants/

  Environmental components that impact the skin microbiome are also a new direction of research. […] The gut microbiome of an infant begins to develop in utero, during pregnancy and continues during the period of breastfeeding or formula treatment. […] Several studies have examined whether enhancing certain bacteria using probiotics either during pregnancy, during breastfeeding or in the infant at high risk of developing AD may actually help prevent AD. […] The most important aspect of current and future prevention research is to continue efforts to understand the biological and multifactorial complexity underlying development of AD. […] Working to understand the biologic contributors of AD risk and developing biomarkers to predict who will get AD or respond to a specific treatment type continues to be the best approach, now aided by the advent of non-invasive tape stripping to collect skin samples. […] Learning more about the immune system, microbiome, and timing of use of probiotics may be among the top emerging methods to try to prevent AD.

• #45 Can Atopic Dermatitis Be Prevented? | Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas

  https://actasdermo.org/en-can-atopic-dermatitis-be-prevented-articulo-S1578219015000724

  Emollients can be classed as nonphysiologic (eg, petrolatum and lanolin), that is, they are not present naturally in the skin, or physiologic. […] Current efforts to develop emollients are focused on restoration of barrier function and improvement in the symptoms of AD. […] Halting the atopic march is of considerable interest, since a clear temporal relationship and biological plausibility have been observed.

• #46 Early intervention of atopic dermatitis as a preventive strategy for progression of food allergy | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-021-00531-8

  Evidence suggests that allergic sensitization occurs through an impaired skin barrier, while consumption of these foods at an early age may actually result in tolerance. […] There is much interest in preventing or protecting the skin barrier from developing a proinflammatory atopic state, which may potentially lead to the development of AD and subsequently, FA. […] Research on preventing or treating skin barrier dysfunction is ongoing. A number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of emollients in preventing AD and FA with mixed results. […] Current research is directed towards the use of trilipid emollients that are similar to the skins natural lipid composition with a 3:1:1 ratio of ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids and a pH that is similar to that of skin to determine their effectiveness for skin barrier repair and prevention of AD and FA.

• #47 Early intervention of atopic dermatitis as a preventive strategy for progression of food allergy | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text

  https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-021-00531-8

  Current evidence suggests that skin barrier defects increase risk of AD, FA, and other atopic diseases. […] A study by Kelleher et al. found that impairment of skin barrier function, as determined by TEWL, at birth and at 2 months precedes clinical AD. […] In another study, Kelleher found that neonatal skin barrier dysfunction predicts FA at 2 years of age. […] These early studies showed promise and were followed by a larger randomized controlled study in 2019 by Dissanayake et al. […] The study evaluated skin emollients as well as synbiotics and consisted of 4 groups: Synbiotics plus skincare, synbiotics only, skincare only, and a control group. […] The study found no benefits of food intervention or emollient in reducing AD. […] Taken together, it is highly possible that variations in clinical study designs play a key role (or are a key factor) in the outcome of clinical trials and discrepancy of observed results.

• #48 Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): Symptoms and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/atopic-dermatitis-and-eczema

  Systematic reviews of prevention strategies (eg, promoting exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding, or reducing ingested or airborne allergens during pregnancy and after birth) have generally not shown convincing benefit. […] Maternal/infant supplements such as vitamin D have also not shown any benefit with the possible exception of omega-3 fatty acids. […] Systematic reviews suggest that probiotics could reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis by about 20%, although the studies are quite variable. […] Skin barrier enhancement from birth to prevent atopic dermatitis and food allergy has received recent interest, and results from national trials are awaited. […] It is possible that trying to influence major immunological changes through infant-directed interventions may be too late, and more attention to strategies before birth may be more successful.

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