Atopowe zapalenie skóry (azs)

Atopowe zapalenie skóry (azs)
Epidemiologia

Atopowe zapalenie skóry (AZS) jest przewlekłą, nawrotową chorobą zapalną skóry o wysokiej częstości występowania, szczególnie u dzieci w krajach rozwiniętych, gdzie dotyka 15-30% populacji dziecięcej oraz 2-10% dorosłych. W USA około 31,6 mln osób (10% populacji) cierpi na AZS, z 6,6 mln dorosłych z umiarkowanym do ciężkiego przebiegiem. Epidemiologia AZS wykazuje znaczne zróżnicowanie geograficzne – od 0,65% w Tunezji do 34% w Szwecji u dzieci, a także różnice demograficzne, z wyższą częstością u dzieci młodszych (do 5 lat: 16,2%) i u osób z historią atopii w rodzinie. Wzrost częstości występowania AZS w ostatnich dekadach, szczególnie w krajach uprzemysłowionych, jest potwierdzony danymi z badań takich jak NHIS i ISAAC, choć w niektórych regionach obserwuje się stabilizację. Czynniki środowiskowe, takie jak zanieczyszczenia, klimat, ekspozycja na alergeny oraz czynniki genetyczne i rasowe, wpływają na ryzyko rozwoju AZS. Choroba wiąże się z wysokim obciążeniem klinicznym, obejmującym świąd, zaburzenia snu i problemy psychiczne, a także z komorbidnościami atopowymi i autoimmunologicznymi (np. astma, alergie pokarmowe, choroby zapalne jelit, łysienie plackowate).

Epidemiologia atopowego zapalenia skóry (AZS)

Atopowe zapalenie skóry (AZS) jest jedną z najczęstszych, przewlekłych, nawrotowych chorób zapalnych skóry występujących zarówno u dzieci, jak i u dorosłych. Charakteryzuje się szerokim spektrum możliwych prezentacji klinicznych, zależnych od wieku pacjenta, wieku początku choroby, topografii i morfologii zmian zapalnych skóry.¹ Dokładne dane dotyczące częstości występowania i zapadalności na AZS są istotne dla określenia obciążenia tą chorobą w populacji dzieci, młodzieży i dorosłych w różnych regionach geograficznych.²

Globalne rozpowszechnienie AZS

W ostatnich dekadach zaobserwowano znaczący wzrost częstości występowania AZS na całym świecie. Częstość występowania AZS w krajach rozwiniętych szacuje się obecnie na 15-30% u dzieci i 2-10% u dorosłych.³⁴ W Stanach Zjednoczonych około 31,6 miliona osób (około 10% populacji) cierpi na jakąś formę egzemy, z czego AZS jest najczęstszą postacią.⁵ Szacuje się, że 16,5 miliona dorosłych Amerykanów ma AZS, przy czym 6,6 miliona spełnia kryteria choroby o nasileniu umiarkowanym do ciężkiego.⁶

Częstość występowania AZS wzrosła dwu- do trzykrotnie w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach w krajach uprzemysłowionych.⁷⁸ W Stanach Zjednoczonych częstość występowania w populacji dzieci wzrosła z około 8% w 1997 roku do ponad 12% w latach 2010-2011, z możliwą stabilizacją w latach 2012-2013.⁹ Wyniki badania National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) wskazują na wzrost częstości występowania AZS u dzieci w wieku 0-17 lat z 7,4% w latach 1997-1999 do 12,5% w latach 2009-2011.¹⁰

Różnice geograficzne w występowaniu AZS

Istnieją znaczne różnice w częstości występowania AZS pomiędzy poszczególnymi krajami i regionami geograficznymi. Międzynarodowe badanie ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) wykazało dużą zmienność w globalnej częstości występowania AZS u dzieci, od 0,9% w Indiach do 22,5% w Ekwadorze w wieku 6-7 lat oraz od 0,2% w Chinach do 24,6% w Kolumbii w wieku 13-14 lat.¹¹

Najwyższą częstość występowania AZS wśród badań włączonych do przeglądu z lat 2009-2019 odnotowano u szwedzkich dzieci – 34%, podczas gdy najniższą częstość występowania zaobserwowano u tunezyjskich dzieci – 0,65%.¹²¹³ Przegląd systematyczny analizujący międzynarodowe trendy w AZS między 1990 a 2010 rokiem wykazał wskaźniki częstości występowania AZS u dzieci przekraczające 20% w niektórych krajach rozwiniętych, ze wzrastającymi wskaźnikami AZS w Afryce, wschodniej Azji, zachodniej Europie i częściach północnej Europy.¹⁴

W Europie przeprowadzono metaanalizę z efektami losowymi, która wykazała 12-miesięczną częstość występowania AZS na poziomie 9,2% (95% przedział ufności 8,4-10,1%). Częstość występowania była znacznie wyższa wśród dzieci w wieku 0-5 lat (16,2%; 95% przedział ufności 14,2-18,7%) niż w starszych grupach wiekowych.¹⁵

AZS w różnych grupach wiekowych

Częstość występowania AZS jest najwyższa w dzieciństwie, szczególnie u młodszych dzieci w porównaniu ze starszymi dziećmi, młodzieżą i dorosłymi.¹⁶ U 80% osób dotkniętych AZS choroba rozpoczyna się przed 6. rokiem życia.¹⁷ W 85% przypadków AZS występuje w pierwszym roku życia, a w 95% przypadków przed 5. rokiem życia.¹⁸

Epidemiologiczne trendy AZS wśród dzieci i dorosłych różnią się. Dwa niedawne badania przeprowadzone w Niemczech przedstawiły niższą częstość występowania AZS wśród dorosłych w porównaniu z dziećmi: częstość występowania AZS wśród dzieci w Niemczech wynosiła 10,35%, podczas gdy wśród dorosłych 3,67%.¹⁹²⁰

Najnowsze badania wykazały, że AZS jest znacznie częstsze u dorosłych niż wcześniej sądzono. Badania dorosłych z NHIS wykazały 12-miesięczną częstość występowania AZS w zakresie od 7,2% do 10,2%. Rzeczywista częstość występowania jest prawdopodobnie bliższa 7,2% i wydaje się wynosić 6-8% przez całe dorosłe życie.²¹

Epidemiologia AZS w wybranych krajach

W Polsce częstość występowania AZS wśród dorosłych została oszacowana na 2,24%.²²²³ W Wielkiej Brytanii, w dużej populacyjnej kohorcie ponad 9 milionów osób, stwierdzono, że częstość występowania AZS u dorosłych wzrosła w czasie i z wiekiem. W porównaniu z dziećmi w wieku 0-17 lat i dorosłymi w wieku 18-74 lat, AZS wśród starszych dorosłych w wieku 75-99 lat było aktywne przez większą część okresu obserwacji, bardziej prawdopodobne, że będzie umiarkowane lub ciężkie, i częściej występowało u mężczyzn.²⁴

W Izraelu zapadalność na AZS wyniosła 7,0/1000 osobolat; całkowita częstość występowania wynosiła 4,4% (u pacjentek 4,5%, u pacjentów 4,3%; w wieku 0 do poniżej 6 miesięcy 0,9%; 6 miesięcy do poniżej 12 lat 11,0%; 12 do poniżej 18 lat 5,8%; 18 lat lub starsi 2,2%).²⁵ Częstość występowania AZS w Izraelu jest porównywalna z innymi badaniami wykorzystującymi dane z rzeczywistej praktyki klinicznej (mediana raportowanego wskaźnika częstości występowania wynosiła 4,9%).²⁶

W Singapurze AZS dotyka szacunkowo 20% dzieci i 11% dorosłych.²⁷ W Zjednoczonym Królestwie częstość występowania AZS u dorosłych (7,3%) wzrosła w porównaniu z wcześniejszymi danymi (0,9%).²⁸²⁹

Czynniki ryzyka i związki z innymi chorobami

Osoby z historią rodzinną egzemy, astmy lub alergii mają wyższe ryzyko rozwoju AZS.³⁰ Badanie przeprowadzone na Madagaskarze wykazało, że wywiad rodzinny atopii odnotowano w 71 przypadkach (47,01%), szczególnie z AZS w wywiadzie rodzinnym w 56 przypadkach (37%).³¹

Zanieczyszczenia, klimat i ekspozycja na czynniki drażniące mogą zwiększyć prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju AZS.³² Badanie na Madagaskarze wykazało wzrost konsultacji z powodu AZS w zimie (od lipca do października).³³ Również wynik tego badania wykazał zwiększone ryzyko AZS u niemowląt urodzonych w porze suchej (od marca do września).³⁴

Istnieją również różnice rasowe w występowaniu AZS. W Stanach Zjednoczonych AZS dotyka więcej dzieci czarnoskórych i amerykańskich Europejczyków niż dzieci latynoskich. Jednak dzieci czarnoskóre i latynoskie mają poważniejsze przypadki AZS.³⁵ W badaniu przeprowadzonym w Londynie częstość występowania AZS u dzieci afro-karaibskich urodzonych w Londynie w porównaniu z białymi dziećmi wynosiła odpowiednio 16,3% i 8,7%.³⁶

AZS a choroby współistniejące

AZS jest często związane z innymi atopowymi i alergicznymi schorzeniami. Na Madagaskarze AZS było związane z alergicznym nieżytem nosa w 33 przypadkach (21,8%), alergią pokarmową w 25 przypadkach (16,5%) i astmą w 9 przypadkach (5,9%).³⁷

Osoby zgłaszające atopowe zapalenie skóry w dzieciństwie zgłaszają również więcej problemów z egzemą rąk, innymi egzemami, astmą, pokrzywką i alergią w dorosłym życiu niż populacja ogólna.³⁸ Iloraz szans (OR) dla występowania egzemy, alergii i astmy wynosił 14,1 (95% CI 8,44-23,54) wśród osób zgłaszających AZS w dzieciństwie.³⁹

Przeprowadzono 71 badań kohortowych porównujących do 3,6 miliona osób z AZS do 16,8 miliona bez AZS, wykorzystując dane z podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej w Wielkiej Brytanii. AZS było związane z późniejszym rozpoznaniem różnych chorób, w tym alergii pokarmowych, astmy (1,87 [1,39-1,82], różnica wskaźników [RD] na 1000 osobolat 5,4), chłoniaka Hodgkina (1,85 [1,66-2,06], RD 0,02), łysienia plackowatego (1,77 [1,71-1,83], RD 0,2), choroby Crohna (1,62 [1,54-1,69], RD 0,1), pokrzywki (1,58 [1,57-1,60], RD 1,9), choroby trzewnej (1,42 [1,37-1,47], RD 0,1), wrzodziejącego zapalenia jelita grubego (1,40 [1,34-1,46], RD 0,1), autoimmunologicznej choroby wątroby (1,32 [1,21-1,43], RD 0,01) i zespołu jelita drażliwego (1,31 [1,29-1,32], RD 0,7).⁴⁰

Obciążenie ekonomiczne AZS

AZS stanowi znaczące obciążenie ekonomiczne. Roczne obciążenie ekonomiczne AZS, w tym bezpośrednie koszty medyczne, pośrednie koszty wynikające z braku produktywności i wpływ na jakość życia, szacuje się konserwatywnie na 5,3 miliarda dolarów.⁴¹ W badaniu Bickers i wsp. całkowite obciążenie AZS oszacowano na 4,228 miliarda dolarów (wg wartości dolara z 2004 roku) w porównaniu z łuszczycą, której koszty oszacowano na 3,658 miliarda dolarów.⁴²

Prawdziwy wpływ ekonomiczny AZS jest trudny do zmierzenia ze względu na szerokie spektrum nasilenia choroby i wielorakie czynniki kosztowe związane z pośrednimi i bezpośrednimi kosztami medycznymi.⁴³

Wpływ AZS na jakość życia

AZS wiąże się ze znacznym obciążeniem objawami, w tym świądem, bólem, zaburzeniami snu i objawami zdrowia psychicznego. Badanie Global Burden of Disease z 2010 roku wykazało, że AZS miało najwyższą liczbę lat życia skorygowanych niepełnosprawnością (DALY) wśród chorób skóry, co odzwierciedla zarówno wysoką częstość występowania, jak i obciążenie pacjentów tą chorobą.⁴⁴

Połowa pacjentów z umiarkowanym do ciężkiego AZS wskazuje, że choroba znacznie ogranicza ich styl życia; prawie 35% osób z łagodnym AZS również doświadcza pewnych ograniczeń stylu życia.⁴⁵ Prawie jedna trzecia dorosłych z AZS doświadczyła wyzwań w szkole lub w życiu zawodowym, a 14% dorosłych uważa, że ich postępy akademickie i/lub zawodowe zostały utrudnione przez AZS.⁴⁶ Dorośli z AZS zgłaszają wyższe wskaźniki lęku (29,8%), depresji (31,2%) i zaburzeń snu (33,2%) niż populacja ogólna.⁴⁷

Trendy w epidemiologii AZS

Istnieje wyraźny trend wzrostowy w częstości występowania AZS na przestrzeni ostatnich dekad. Od lat 70. XX wieku częstość występowania AZS wzrosła 2-3 krotnie w krajach uprzemysłowionych.⁴⁸ W Stanach Zjednoczonych liczba dzieci z egzemą stale rośnie. Odsetek dotkniętych tą chorobą wzrósł z 8% do około 12% od 1997 roku.⁴⁹

Jednak niektóre badania sugerują, że w niektórych regionach częstość występowania AZS mogła się ustabilizować. Metaanaliza przeprowadzona w zamożnych krajach wykazała, że w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu nie zaobserwowano przekonującego trendu czasowego w występowaniu AZS.⁵⁰ Wyniki tej analizy potwierdzają, że w krajach zamożnych jedna dziesiąta populacji ogólnej cierpi na AZS rocznie i sugerują, że częstość występowania AZS nie wzrosła na przestrzeni czasu.⁵¹

W badaniu ISAAC zaobserwowano, że w zamożnych ośrodkach krajowych, gdzie AZS wśród dzieci w wieku 13-14 lat było powszechne, częstość występowania nie wzrosła dalej lub nawet zmniejszyła się, podczas gdy obciążenie AZS nadal rosło w większości uboższych krajów.⁵²

AZS o późnym początku

Większość podręczników podaje statystykę, że 50% przypadków AZS rozpoczyna się w pierwszym roku życia, a 85% do 5. roku życia. Jednak te badania były ograniczone do młodszych dzieci i nie badały nastolatków i dorosłych.⁵³ Metaanaliza 17 badań dotyczących AZS o późnym początku u dorosłych (zgłoszony wiek początku choroby 16 lat) wykazała łączny odsetek AZS o późnym początku na poziomie 26,1%.⁵⁴

Niedawne badanie przeprowadzone w Nigerii zaobserwowało wyższy odsetek osób (68,4%), u których AZS rozwinęło się po 18. roku życia, co jest wyższe niż to, co zgłoszono prawie 20 lat temu w badaniu z południowo-wschodniej Nigerii, gdzie 15,5% rozwinęło AZS po 18. roku życia. Najwyraźniej nie tylko częstość występowania AZS globalnie rośnie, ale również liczba osób, u których rozwija się AZS w wieku dorosłym (AZS o późnym początku), również rośnie.⁵⁵

AZS w różnych populacjach

Istnieją znaczne różnice w częstości występowania AZS w zależności od czynników społeczno-ekonomicznych, rasowych i środowiskowych. Stosunek mężczyzn do kobiet w przypadku AZS wynosi 1:1,4.⁵⁶ AZS dotyka osoby wszystkich ras. Imigranci z krajów rozwijających się, którzy mieszkają w krajach rozwiniętych, mają wyższą częstość występowania AZS niż populacja rodzima, a częstość występowania szybko rośnie w krajach rozwiniętych.⁵⁷

Międzynarodowe badanie przekrojowe przeprowadzone przez Barbarot i wsp. w regionach obu Ameryk, Europy i Azji wykazało, że częstość występowania AZS w tych obszarach waha się od 2,1% do 4,9%. Podobnie Silverberg i wsp., skupiając się na dzieciach w wieku od 6 miesięcy do 18 lat w regionach obejmujących obie Ameryki, Europę, Bliski Wschód i Eurazję, zaobserwowali zakres częstości występowania od 2,7% do 20,1%, odzwierciedlając znaczną zmienność regionalną.⁵⁸

Czynniki środowiskowe w epidemiologii AZS

Twoje środowisko również odgrywa rolę w tym, jak prawdopodobne jest zachorowanie na AZS. Jeśli mieszkasz w środowisku miejskim lub przebywasz w otoczeniu pewnych alergenów (jak pleśń i kurz), masz większe szanse na zachorowanie.⁵⁹ Eksperci uważają, że AZS jest częstsze w krajach rozwiniętych ze względu na czyste warunki życia, szczepienia dziecięce, które obniżają wskaźniki infekcji, i stosowanie antybiotyków. Te czynniki zmieniają odpowiedź immunologiczną i zwiększają prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia chorób atopowych, takich jak AZS.⁶⁰

Wzór występowania egzem w różnych regionach pustynnych świata pokazuje, że istnieje wyższa częstość występowania AZS na obszarach pustynnych. Pył pustynny, w szczególności azjatycki pył pustynny, jest podejrzewany jako czynnik etiologiczny AZS i innych egzem.⁶¹

Nadzór i monitorowanie AZS

Monitorowanie epidemiologii AZS jest istotne dla zrozumienia trendów w częstości występowania i zapadalności oraz dla planowania opieki zdrowotnej. Wiele krajów prowadzi rejestry i bazy danych do monitorowania AZS. W Wielkiej Brytanii przeprowadzono serię retrospektywnych badań z wykorzystaniem dużej kohorty populacyjnej pochodzącej z bazy danych sieci Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC), aby zbadać epidemiologię i zarządzanie AZS.⁶²

Firma Clarivate Epidemiology dostarcza szacunki epidemiologiczne kluczowych populacji pacjentów w 45 krajach na całym świecie, raportując częstość występowania AZS dla każdego kraju, a także roczne liczby przypadków prognozowane dla populacji krajowych.⁶³ Większość populacji pacjentów jest prognozowana na okres 20 lat dla głównych dojrzałych rynków farmaceutycznych i 10 lat dla innych krajów objętych raportami.⁶⁴

W Izraelu przeprowadzono badanie, które wykazało zwiększone obciążenie związane z wykorzystaniem usług opieki zdrowotnej w dużej grupie 116 816 pacjentów z AZS w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną bez AZS.⁶⁵ Analizy jednozmienne i wielozmienne wykazały zwiększone wykorzystanie usług opieki zdrowotnej, obciążenie i zwiększone stosowanie leków u pacjentów z AZS w porównaniu z dopasowanymi wiekowo i płciowo grupami kontrolnymi z ogólnej populacji.⁶⁶

Wyzwania w epidemiologii AZS

Nawracający i remitujący charakter AZS, w połączeniu z kwestiami metodologicznymi i różnymi definicjami przypadków, sprawia, że dokładne oszacowanie częstości występowania AZS jest wyzwaniem. Niedawne prace z wykorzystaniem brytyjskiej bazy danych Clinical Practice Research Datalink wykazały przybliżoną częstość występowania w Wielkiej Brytanii na poziomie 10%.⁶⁷

Dokładna definicja różnych klinicznych fenotypów AZS i epidemiologii jest niezbędna dla odpowiedniego leczenia pacjentów i zarządzania, szczególnie w przypadku dorosłych.⁶⁸ Badania epidemiologiczne odgrywają ważną rolę w przedstawianiu czynników ryzyka AZS, ponieważ szczegółowe dane dotyczące częstości występowania i zapadalności mogą wykazać obciążenie chorobą w populacji dorosłych, nastolatków i dzieci w różnych regionach geograficznych.⁶⁹

Przyszłe kierunki badań epidemiologicznych AZS

Pomimo ograniczeń, warto zatrzymać się na chwilę, aby spojrzeć wstecz i zobaczyć, dokąd badania nad epidemiologią AZS nas dotychczas zaprowadziły, w celu zidentyfikowania głównych luk dla przyszłego programu badań.⁷⁰ Badania epidemiologiczne i genetyczne powinny pomóc w lepszym zrozumieniu złożonej interakcji między czynnikami genetycznymi, środowiskowymi i immunologicznymi w rozwoju AZS.

Przyszłe badania powinny skupić się na dokładniejszym określeniu fenotypów AZS, identyfikacji biomarkerów dla różnych podtypów choroby oraz na opracowaniu skuteczniejszych strategii profilaktyki i leczenia. Istnieje również potrzeba dalszych badań nad wpływem zmian klimatycznych i urbanizacji na częstość występowania i przebieg AZS.

Region/Kraj	Częstość występowania AZS u dzieci	Częstość występowania AZS u dorosłych	Uwagi
Kraje rozwinięte	15-30%	2-10%	Wzrost 2-3 krotny w ostatnich dekadach
USA	10-12%	7,2-10,2%	31,6 mln osób (10% populacji)
Szwecja	34%	–	Najwyższa odnotowana częstość występowania
Tunezja	0,65%	–	Najniższa odnotowana częstość występowania
Niemcy	10,35%	3,67%	–
Polska	–	2,24%	–
Izrael	0-6 mies.: 0,9% 6 mies.-12 lat: 11,0% 12-18 lat: 5,8%	2,2%	Całkowita częstość: 4,4%
Singapur	20%	11%	–
Wielka Brytania	–	7,3%	Wzrost z wcześniejszych 0,9%
Madagaskar	5,6%	–	Wzrost z wcześniejszych 1,02%

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Epidemiologia AZS – kluczowe aspekty

Atopowe zapalenie skóry jest jednym z najczęstszych przewlekłych schorzeń skóry, dotykającym około jedną piątą dzieci w krajach rozwiniętych i wzrasta także w krajach rozwijających się.⁷¹ Stanowi ono znaczące obciążenie dla pacjentów, ich rodzin oraz systemów opieki zdrowotnej na całym świecie.

Częstość występowania AZS jest najwyższa wśród dzieci, szczególnie w pierwszych latach życia, ale może utrzymywać się lub nawracać w życiu dorosłym. Istnieją znaczne różnice geograficzne w częstości występowania, z wyższymi wskaźnikami w krajach rozwiniętych, co może być związane z warunkami środowiskowymi, stylem życia i czynnikami genetycznymi.

Monitorowanie epidemiologii AZS jest niezbędne dla planowania zasobów opieki zdrowotnej, określenia skuteczności interwencji profilaktycznych i terapeutycznych oraz dla lepszego zrozumienia czynników przyczyniających się do rozwoju i utrzymywania się tej choroby.

W miarę jak nasza wiedza o AZS rośnie, pojawiają się nowe pytania dotyczące zmieniających się wzorców choroby, wpływu zmian środowiskowych i możliwych strategii zapobiegania. Dalsze badania epidemiologiczne będą odgrywać kluczową rolę w odpowiedzi na te pytania i w poprawie życia osób dotkniętych AZS.⁷²

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Materiały źródłowe

#1
https://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/dermatol-pract-concept-articleid-dp1104a146
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, lifelong, relapsing condition. The wide spectrum of the possible clinical presentations, depending on patients age, age of onset of disease, topography and morphology of dermatitis, limits the epidemiologic information on its prevalence and incidence. A clear definition of the different clinical AD phenotypes and epidemiology is essential for an appropriate patients treatment and management, in particular for adults. This review summarizes the most recent epidemiologic data from the 21st century, on AD prevalence and incidence rates either in children or adults, with a special focus on their trends in Europe. […] Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in primary schoolchildren in Turkey. […] Prevalence and risk factors of atopic eczema in Turkish adolescents.
#2 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/936
The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009â2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. […] The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. The severity and morbidity of the disease showed variance with age, sex, socioeconomic characteristics, geographical location, and ethnicity. Environmental factors played an important role as causative agents in AD.
#3 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/762045-overview
The prevalence of AD in the United States has been reported to be 10-12% in children and 0.9% in adults. A study examining physician visits for AD in the United States from 1997 to 2004 found that a large increase in office visits for AD occurred and that Blacks and Asians visited more frequently for AD than Whites. […] Globally, the prevalence rate of AD is rising. AD has been estimated to affect 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries. In China and Iran, the prevalence is approximately 2-3%. The frequency is increased in patients who emigrate to developed countries from underdeveloped countries. […] In 85% of cases, AD occurs in the first year of life; in 95% of cases, it occurs before age 5 years. The incidence of AD is highest in early infancy and childhood. The disease may have periods of complete remission, particularly in adolescence, and may then recur in early adult life. In the adult population, the frequency of AD is 3% or higher, but onset may be delayed until adulthood. […] The male-to-female ratio for AD is 1:1.4. […] AD affects persons of all races. Immigrants from developing countries who live in developed countries have a higher incidence of AD than the indigenous population, and the incidence is rapidly rising in developed countries.
#4 Atopic dermatitis – Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis affects about 20% of people at some point in their lives. […] It now affects 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries, and in the United States has nearly tripled in the past 30-40 years. […] Since the beginning of the 20th century, many inflammatory skin disorders have become more common; AD is a classic example of such a disease.
#5 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Eczema affects approximately 10% to 20% of children and 2% to 10% of adults worldwide. […] In the U.S., around 31.6 million people (roughly 10% of the population) have some form of eczema. […] Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It is estimated that 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have atopic dermatitis, with 6.6 million meeting criteria for moderate to severe disease. […] Approximately 9.6 million U.S. children under the age of 18 have atopic dermatitis, and one-third have moderate to severe disease. […] People of all skin colors, races and ethnicities can be affected by atopic dermatitis. […] 80% of individuals affected by atopic dermatitis experience disease onset prior to 6 years of age. […] Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis.
#6 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Eczema affects approximately 10% to 20% of children and 2% to 10% of adults worldwide. […] In the U.S., around 31.6 million people (roughly 10% of the population) have some form of eczema. […] Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It is estimated that 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have atopic dermatitis, with 6.6 million meeting criteria for moderate to severe disease. […] Approximately 9.6 million U.S. children under the age of 18 have atopic dermatitis, and one-third have moderate to severe disease. […] People of all skin colors, races and ethnicities can be affected by atopic dermatitis. […] 80% of individuals affected by atopic dermatitis experience disease onset prior to 6 years of age. […] Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis.
#7 Atopic Dermatitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448071/
Atopic dermatitis is seen in approximately 10% to 30% of children and 2% to 10% of adults in developed countries. This prevalence has increased two to three-fold in recent decades. […] Atopic dermatitis has significant morbidity and it appears that the prevalence of the disorder has been increasing over the past few decades.
#8 Overview of Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-atopic-dermatitis-article
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition. Incidence of AD has increased 2- to 3-fold in industrialized nations, impacting approximately 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults worldwide. […] Incidence of AD, also referred to as atopic eczema, has increased 2- to 3-fold in industrialized nations since the 1970s, with approximately 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults affected worldwide. Population-based studies in the United States suggest that prevalence is about 10.7% for children and 7.2% for adults. […] A 2007 study further supports this claim, as an estimated 17.8 million persons, mostly undiagnosed, are living with AD in the United States. […] The burden of AD is not limited to just the patient, because AD is a chronic relapsing skin disease that can persist into adulthood and burden of disease is frequently experienced by the patients family.
#9
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that commonly affects both children and adults. AD is associated with a heavy symptom burden, including pruritus, in addition to pain, sleep disturbance and mental health symptoms. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease survey found that AD had the highest disability-adjusted life-years among skin disorders, reflecting both the high prevalence and patient burden of the disease. […] The prevalence of childhood AD has been increasing over the past few decades, both in the United States and internationally. The 1-year prevalence of caregiver-reported healthcare diagnosed eczema increased from 9.8% to 12.2% in the National Survey of Childrens Health (NSCH) 2003 and 2007 studies, respectively, with significant variation between states and districts. Similarly, the prevalence of childhood AD steadily increased from approximately 8% in 1997 to more than 12% in 2010 and 2011 in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) but may have plateaued in 2012 and 2013.
#10 A Practical Overview of Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis, Part 1: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis | MDedge
https://mdedge.com/cutis/article/108080/atopic-dermatitis/practical-overview-pediatric-atopic-dermatitis-part-1
In an assessment of the National Health Interview Survey data from 1997 to 2011 based on responses to the question, âDuring the past 12 months, has your child had eczema or any kind of skin allergy?â, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified an increase in the prevalence of AD in patients aged 0 to 17 years from 7.4% in 1997-1999 to 12.5% in 2009-2011. […] Racial disparity worldwide and migration are thought to contribute to the prevalence of and therapeutic need for AD. […] In the United States, black children were more likely to have AD than white children (odds ratio, 1.7).
#11
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) found wide variation in the global prevalence of childhood AD, ranging from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador at ages 6 to 7 years and from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Colombia at ages 13 to 14 years. […] A systematic review examining international trends in AD between 1990 and 2010 demonstrated childhood AD prevalence rates of more than 20% in some developed nations, with increasing rates of AD in Africa, eastern Asia, western Europe and parts of northern Europe. […] Recent studies found that AD is far more common in adults than previously thought. Recent studies of adults from NHIS found 1-year prevalence of AD ranging from 7.2% to 10.2%. The true prevalence is likely closer to 7.2% and appears to be 6% to 8% throughout adulthood.
#12 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8470589/
The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009-2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. […] The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. […] The epidemiological trends of AD among children and adults vary. Two recent studies conducted in Germany presented a lower prevalence of AD among adults compared to children: prevalence of AD among children in Germany was 10.35% while among adults is 3.67%.
#13 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/936
The epidemiological trends of AD among children and adults vary. Two recent studies conducted in Germany presented a lower prevalence of AD among adults compared to children: prevalence of AD among children in Germany was 10.35% while among adults is 3.67%. […] The prevalence of the studies were considered as point prevalence during analyses unless stated otherwise. […] In all the studies across the globe, the highest prevalence was among Sweden children with 34%, and the lowest prevalence was reported in Tunisian children with 0.65%, respectively.
#14
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) found wide variation in the global prevalence of childhood AD, ranging from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador at ages 6 to 7 years and from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Colombia at ages 13 to 14 years. […] A systematic review examining international trends in AD between 1990 and 2010 demonstrated childhood AD prevalence rates of more than 20% in some developed nations, with increasing rates of AD in Africa, eastern Asia, western Europe and parts of northern Europe. […] Recent studies found that AD is far more common in adults than previously thought. Recent studies of adults from NHIS found 1-year prevalence of AD ranging from 7.2% to 10.2%. The true prevalence is likely closer to 7.2% and appears to be 6% to 8% throughout adulthood.
#15 12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis in resource-rich countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19508-7
There is a lack of robust prevalence estimates of atopic dermatitis (AD) globally and trends over time due to wide variation of populations and age groups studied, different study methodologies and case definitions used. […] This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. […] Meta-analysis with random effects revealed the 12-month period prevalence of 9.2% (95% confidence interval 8.4-10.1%). The prevalence was significantly higher among 0-5-year-old children (16.2%; 95% confidence interval 14.2-18.7%) than in older age groups. […] In high-income countries, AD is considered one of the most common cutaneous inflammatory disorders. […] The objective of this study was to systematically review research on 12-month AD prevalence in the general population of resource-rich countries.
#16 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8470589/
The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009-2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. […] The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. […] The epidemiological trends of AD among children and adults vary. Two recent studies conducted in Germany presented a lower prevalence of AD among adults compared to children: prevalence of AD among children in Germany was 10.35% while among adults is 3.67%.
#17 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Eczema affects approximately 10% to 20% of children and 2% to 10% of adults worldwide. […] In the U.S., around 31.6 million people (roughly 10% of the population) have some form of eczema. […] Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It is estimated that 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have atopic dermatitis, with 6.6 million meeting criteria for moderate to severe disease. […] Approximately 9.6 million U.S. children under the age of 18 have atopic dermatitis, and one-third have moderate to severe disease. […] People of all skin colors, races and ethnicities can be affected by atopic dermatitis. […] 80% of individuals affected by atopic dermatitis experience disease onset prior to 6 years of age. […] Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis.
#18 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/762045-overview
The prevalence of AD in the United States has been reported to be 10-12% in children and 0.9% in adults. A study examining physician visits for AD in the United States from 1997 to 2004 found that a large increase in office visits for AD occurred and that Blacks and Asians visited more frequently for AD than Whites. […] Globally, the prevalence rate of AD is rising. AD has been estimated to affect 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries. In China and Iran, the prevalence is approximately 2-3%. The frequency is increased in patients who emigrate to developed countries from underdeveloped countries. […] In 85% of cases, AD occurs in the first year of life; in 95% of cases, it occurs before age 5 years. The incidence of AD is highest in early infancy and childhood. The disease may have periods of complete remission, particularly in adolescence, and may then recur in early adult life. In the adult population, the frequency of AD is 3% or higher, but onset may be delayed until adulthood. […] The male-to-female ratio for AD is 1:1.4. […] AD affects persons of all races. Immigrants from developing countries who live in developed countries have a higher incidence of AD than the indigenous population, and the incidence is rapidly rising in developed countries.
#19 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8470589/
The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009-2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. […] The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. […] The epidemiological trends of AD among children and adults vary. Two recent studies conducted in Germany presented a lower prevalence of AD among adults compared to children: prevalence of AD among children in Germany was 10.35% while among adults is 3.67%.
#20 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/936
The epidemiological trends of AD among children and adults vary. Two recent studies conducted in Germany presented a lower prevalence of AD among adults compared to children: prevalence of AD among children in Germany was 10.35% while among adults is 3.67%. […] The prevalence of the studies were considered as point prevalence during analyses unless stated otherwise. […] In all the studies across the globe, the highest prevalence was among Sweden children with 34%, and the lowest prevalence was reported in Tunisian children with 0.65%, respectively.
#21
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) found wide variation in the global prevalence of childhood AD, ranging from 0.9% in India to 22.5% in Ecuador at ages 6 to 7 years and from 0.2% in China to 24.6% in Colombia at ages 13 to 14 years. […] A systematic review examining international trends in AD between 1990 and 2010 demonstrated childhood AD prevalence rates of more than 20% in some developed nations, with increasing rates of AD in Africa, eastern Asia, western Europe and parts of northern Europe. […] Recent studies found that AD is far more common in adults than previously thought. Recent studies of adults from NHIS found 1-year prevalence of AD ranging from 7.2% to 10.2%. The true prevalence is likely closer to 7.2% and appears to be 6% to 8% throughout adulthood.
#22 Article – JHPOR
https://www.jhpor.com/article/2247-
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a commonly diagnosed inflammatory disease of the skin, with a chronic and relapsing course, which clinically manifests itself through eczematous skin lesions. […] The goal of this project was to quantify the total population of AD patients in Poland and to make an attempt to determine the clinical profile of the population of patients who are moderately or severely affected by the disease. […] On the basis of the omnibus study, the total number of adult AD patients in Poland was estimated to be 705,718 (2.24% of adult Poles). […] The prevalence of AD among Polish adults was estimated to be 2.24%. […] The results of the Economedica AD project with respect to the number of adult AD patients are similar to results of the studies carried out both in Poland and in other European countries.
#23 Article – JHPOR
https://www.jhpor.com/article/2247-epidemiology-of-atopic-dermatitis-in-poland-economedica-ad
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a commonly diagnosed inflammatory disease of the skin, with a chronic and relapsing course, which clinically manifests itself through eczematous skin lesions. The goal of this project was to quantify the total population of AD patients in Poland and to make an attempt to determine the clinical profile of the population of patients who are moderately or severely affected by the disease. […] The prevalence of AD among Polish adults was estimated to be 2.24%. The results of the Economedica AD project with respect to the number of adult AD patients are similar to results of the studies carried out both in Poland and in other European countries. […] Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing inflammatory dermatosis. It is currently estimated to affect 30 out of every 10,000 Poles. The highest prevalence of the disease is observed among children, yet it declines with age.
#24 The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in older adults: A population-based study in the United Kingdom | PLOS One
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0258219
Atopic dermatitis is known to be common among children, but there are few studies examining the epidemiology across the life course. In particular, there is a paucity of data on atopic dermatitis among older adults. […] Our objective was to characterize the epidemiology of atopic dermatitis among older adults as compared to other age groups in a large population-based sample. Specifically, we examined the prevalence of atopic dermatitis by age and whether this changed over time, investigated the association between patient characteristics and the age-specific prevalence of atopic dermatitis, and identified patterns of disease activity and severity by age group. […] In a population-based cohort of over 9 million individuals from the UK, we found that the prevalence of adult atopic dermatitis increased over time and with age. In comparison to children ages 017 and adults ages 1874, atopic dermatitis among older adults ages 7599 years was active for a greater proportion of the follow-up time, more likely to be moderate or severe, and more likely to occur in men.
#25
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-022-02120-6
Real-world data on the epidemiology and economic burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. Here we describe the epidemiology and economic burden of AD using electronic healthcare data from Israel. […] AD incidence was 7.0/1000 person-years; overall prevalence was 4.4% (female patients 4.5%, male patients 4.3%; age 0 to less than 6 months, 0.9%; 6 months to less than 12 years, 11.0%; 12 to less than 18 years, 5.8%; 18 years or older, 2.2%). […] AD epidemiology in Israel is comparable with other real-world database studies. […] Using real-world data, we estimated an incidence of AD in Israel of 7.0/1000 person-years. Prevalence of AD was 4.4%, with 42.3% suggestive of moderate-to-severe AD. […] In this Israeli population, we found an AD prevalence of 4.4% in the overall population and 2.2% in adults, which is comparable to other studies using routinely collected health data (median reported prevalence rate, 4.9%). […] Our findings indicate that AD incidence (7.0/1000 person-years) and prevalence (4.4%) in this Israeli population are comparable to estimates from other database studies in developed countries.
#26
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-022-02120-6
Real-world data on the epidemiology and economic burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. Here we describe the epidemiology and economic burden of AD using electronic healthcare data from Israel. […] AD incidence was 7.0/1000 person-years; overall prevalence was 4.4% (female patients 4.5%, male patients 4.3%; age 0 to less than 6 months, 0.9%; 6 months to less than 12 years, 11.0%; 12 to less than 18 years, 5.8%; 18 years or older, 2.2%). […] AD epidemiology in Israel is comparable with other real-world database studies. […] Using real-world data, we estimated an incidence of AD in Israel of 7.0/1000 person-years. Prevalence of AD was 4.4%, with 42.3% suggestive of moderate-to-severe AD. […] In this Israeli population, we found an AD prevalence of 4.4% in the overall population and 2.2% in adults, which is comparable to other studies using routinely collected health data (median reported prevalence rate, 4.9%). […] Our findings indicate that AD incidence (7.0/1000 person-years) and prevalence (4.4%) in this Israeli population are comparable to estimates from other database studies in developed countries.
#27
https://www.a-star.edu.sg/sris/research/atopic-dermatitis
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin condition also known as eczema. […] Epidemiology evidence suggests that AD affects 15 to 20 percent of children and 1 to 3 percent of adults globally. In Singapore, it is estimated to affect 20 percent of children and 11 percent of adults. […] We aim to collect comprehensive data on the epidemiology and disease burden of AD in Singapore.
#28 Atopic Dermatitis in America | AAFA.org
https://aafa.org/asthma-allergy-research/our-research/atopic-dermatitis-in-america/
Beginning in 2016, AAFA led a three-part national study about atopic dermatitis (AD) in partnership with the National Eczema Association (NEA) and with support from Sanofi Genzyme and Regeneron. […] The study finds that AD occurs in 7.3% of adults in the U.S. Of those affected with the disease, about 40% have moderate or severe symptoms. […] The purpose of the study, titled Atopic Dermatitis in America, was to: Establish the prevalence of AD in the U.S. adult population, Determine the distribution of AD disease severity among adults, Understand the burden of disease for adults with AD. […] AD is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease which results in widespread rashes and patches of itchy skin, most commonly around the neck, face and eyes in adults. […] The most common form of eczema, AD leads to significant emotional burden in addition to pain, physical discomfort and sleep disturbance for 16.5 million adults in the U.S.
#29 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/762045-overview
The prevalence of AD in the United States has been reported to be 10-12% in children and 0.9% in adults. A study examining physician visits for AD in the United States from 1997 to 2004 found that a large increase in office visits for AD occurred and that Blacks and Asians visited more frequently for AD than Whites. […] Globally, the prevalence rate of AD is rising. AD has been estimated to affect 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries. In China and Iran, the prevalence is approximately 2-3%. The frequency is increased in patients who emigrate to developed countries from underdeveloped countries. […] In 85% of cases, AD occurs in the first year of life; in 95% of cases, it occurs before age 5 years. The incidence of AD is highest in early infancy and childhood. The disease may have periods of complete remission, particularly in adolescence, and may then recur in early adult life. In the adult population, the frequency of AD is 3% or higher, but onset may be delayed until adulthood. […] The male-to-female ratio for AD is 1:1.4. […] AD affects persons of all races. Immigrants from developing countries who live in developed countries have a higher incidence of AD than the indigenous population, and the incidence is rapidly rising in developed countries.
#30 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Eczema affects approximately 10% to 20% of children and 2% to 10% of adults worldwide. […] In the U.S., around 31.6 million people (roughly 10% of the population) have some form of eczema. […] Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema. It is estimated that 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have atopic dermatitis, with 6.6 million meeting criteria for moderate to severe disease. […] Approximately 9.6 million U.S. children under the age of 18 have atopic dermatitis, and one-third have moderate to severe disease. […] People of all skin colors, races and ethnicities can be affected by atopic dermatitis. […] 80% of individuals affected by atopic dermatitis experience disease onset prior to 6 years of age. […] Individuals with a family history of eczema, asthma or allergies have a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis.
#31 Epidemiology and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Malagasy children | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-019-0398-2
Our result shows that the prevalence of AD in children 15 years (5.6%) has been raised in recent years, much higher than that from previous study (1.02% in a previous study in 3593 children). […] The result of our study found an increased risk of AD in infants born during dry season (March to September). […] A family history of atopy was noted in 71 cases (47.01%), especially with family history AD in 56 cases (37%). […] Atopic dermatitis was associated with allergic rhinitis in 33 cases (21.8%), food allergy in 25 cases (16.5%) and asthma in 9 cases (5.9%).
#32 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Pollution, climate and exposure to irritants can increase the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. […] Atopic dermatitis is the leading contributor to skin-related disability and ranks 15th among all non-fatal diseases globally. […] Half of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis indicate that it significantly limits their lifestyle; nearly 35% of those with mild atopic dermatitis also experience some lifestyle limitations. […] Nearly one-third of adults with atopic dermatitis have experienced challenges in school or their work life, and 14% of adults believe their academic and/or career progression have been hindered by atopic dermatitis. […] The annual economic burden of atopic dermatitis, including direct medical costs, indirect costs from lack of productivity and quality of life impacts is conservatively estimated at $5.3 billion.
#33 Epidemiology and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Malagasy children | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-019-0398-2
Little is known about the epidemiology and associated factors of childhood AD in the markedly different, low-income, tropical environment like Madagascar. […] We aim to assess the epidemiology and associated factors of AD in individuals fewer than 15 years of age in Antananarivo Madagascar. […] The prevalence of AD was 5.6% in children aged 6 months to 14 years. […] A family history of AD was noted in 56 cases (37%). […] The age of onset of AD was before the age of 3 months in 7.5% and between 6 months to 5 years in 70%. […] Consultations for AD increased during the winter (from July to October; p=0.005). […] However, the prevalence of AD was similar in urban and rural areas. […] Weather may have an impact on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Madagascar. […] No significant correlation was found between the duration of breastfeeding and AD, as well as urbanization.
#34 Epidemiology and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Malagasy children | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-019-0398-2
Our result shows that the prevalence of AD in children 15 years (5.6%) has been raised in recent years, much higher than that from previous study (1.02% in a previous study in 3593 children). […] The result of our study found an increased risk of AD in infants born during dry season (March to September). […] A family history of atopy was noted in 71 cases (47.01%), especially with family history AD in 56 cases (37%). […] Atopic dermatitis was associated with allergic rhinitis in 33 cases (21.8%), food allergy in 25 cases (16.5%) and asthma in 9 cases (5.9%).
#35 Eczema Can Affect Us All, but Some More Than Others
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-epidemiology
In the U.S., 31.6 million people have at least one form of eczema. This skin condition affects all races, ethnicities, genders, and ages. But eczema can be slightly less or more common in specific groups. […] The number of children with eczema continues to grow. The percentage of those affected has gone up from 8% to about 12% since 1997. […] Around 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have eczema that first showed up when they were under the age of 2. Out of this group, 40% of them have moderate to severe forms of the disease. […] Experts dont yet know if there are any major differences between adult-onset eczema and childhood eczema. […] In the U.S., eczema affects more Black children and European American children than Hispanic children. But Black and Hispanic children have more serious cases of eczema.
#36 A Practical Overview of Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis, Part 1: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis | MDedge
https://blogs.the-hospitalist.org/content/practical-overview-pediatric-atopic-dermatitis-part-1-epidemiology-and-pathogenesis
The prevalence of AD in developed countries such as the United States is fluid and is expected to increase if the trends from the last 20 years remain true. […] In an assessment of the National Health Interview Survey data from 1997 to 2011 based on responses to the question, During the past 12 months, has your child had eczema or any kind of skin allergy?, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified an increase in the prevalence of AD in patients aged 0 to 17 years from 7.4% in 1997-1999 to 12.5% in 2009-2011. […] Racial disparity worldwide and migration are thought to contribute to the prevalence of and therapeutic need for AD. […] In the United States, black children were more likely to have AD than white children (odds ratio, 1.7). […] The prevalence of AD in London-born Afro-Caribbean children versus white children (total cross-section, N=693 [junior school children]) was 16.3% and 8.7%, respectively.
#37 Epidemiology and associated factors of atopic dermatitis in Malagasy children | Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology | Full Text
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13223-019-0398-2
Our result shows that the prevalence of AD in children 15 years (5.6%) has been raised in recent years, much higher than that from previous study (1.02% in a previous study in 3593 children). […] The result of our study found an increased risk of AD in infants born during dry season (March to September). […] A family history of atopy was noted in 71 cases (47.01%), especially with family history AD in 56 cases (37%). […] Atopic dermatitis was associated with allergic rhinitis in 33 cases (21.8%), food allergy in 25 cases (16.5%) and asthma in 9 cases (5.9%).
#38 Self-reported Lifetime Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis and Co-morbidity with Asthma and Eczema in Adulthood: A Population-based Cross-sectional Survey | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1522
Most studies are based on clinical data for patients/children diagnosed with AD. A risk of these studies is to miss milder forms of AD. […] However, population-based studies among adults or elderly individuals with AD in childhood are sparse. […] The results of this cross-sectional population-based survey demonstrate that persons reporting CE also reported more problems with eczema, allergy, urticaria and asthma as adults than the general population. […] Our main finding is that persons reporting CE also, to a significant degree, report problems with hand eczema, other eczema, asthma, urticaria and allergy in adult life. The OR for having eczema, allergy and asthma was 14.1 (95% CI 8.4423.54) among those reporting having had CE.
#39 Self-reported Lifetime Prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis and Co-morbidity with Asthma and Eczema in Adulthood: A Population-based Cross-sectional Survey | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-1522
Most studies are based on clinical data for patients/children diagnosed with AD. A risk of these studies is to miss milder forms of AD. […] However, population-based studies among adults or elderly individuals with AD in childhood are sparse. […] The results of this cross-sectional population-based survey demonstrate that persons reporting CE also reported more problems with eczema, allergy, urticaria and asthma as adults than the general population. […] Our main finding is that persons reporting CE also, to a significant degree, report problems with hand eczema, other eczema, asthma, urticaria and allergy in adult life. The OR for having eczema, allergy and asthma was 14.1 (95% CI 8.4423.54) among those reporting having had CE.
#40 Cohort studies on 71 outcomes among people with atopic eczema in UK primary care data | Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54035-1
Atopic eczema may be related to multiple subsequent adverse health outcomes. Here, we provide evidence to judge and compare associations between eczema and a comprehensive set of outcomes. We conducted 71 cohort studies (age, sex, general practice-matched) using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care records (19972023), comparing up to 3.6 million people with eczema to 16.8 million without. Eczema was associated with subsequent diagnosis of outcomes with adjusted hazard ratios (99% confidence intervals) from Cox regression of up to 4.02(3.954.10) for food allergy (rate difference [RD] per 1,000 person-years of 1.5). […] Besides strong associations with atopic and allergic conditions (e.g., asthma 1.87[1.391.82], RD5.4) and skin infections (e.g., molluscum contagiosum 1.81[1.641.96], RD1.8), the strongest associations were with Hodgkins lymphoma (1.85[1.662.06], RD0.02), Alopecia Areata (1.77[1.711.83], RD0.2), Crohns disease (1.62[1.541.69], RD0.1), Urticaria (1.58[1.571.60], RD1.9), Coeliac disease (1.42[1.371.47], RD0.1), Ulcerative colitis (1.40[1.341.46], RD0.1), Autoimmune liver disease (1.32[1.211.43], RD0.01), and Irritable bowel syndrome (1.31[1.291.32], RD0.7).
#41 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Pollution, climate and exposure to irritants can increase the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. […] Atopic dermatitis is the leading contributor to skin-related disability and ranks 15th among all non-fatal diseases globally. […] Half of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis indicate that it significantly limits their lifestyle; nearly 35% of those with mild atopic dermatitis also experience some lifestyle limitations. […] Nearly one-third of adults with atopic dermatitis have experienced challenges in school or their work life, and 14% of adults believe their academic and/or career progression have been hindered by atopic dermatitis. […] The annual economic burden of atopic dermatitis, including direct medical costs, indirect costs from lack of productivity and quality of life impacts is conservatively estimated at $5.3 billion.
#42 Overview of Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-atopic-dermatitis-article
The total burden of AD in Bickers et al was estimated at $4.228 billion (2004 USD) compared with psoriasis at $3.658 billion. […] The current literature related to economic burden is very sparse, but a comprehensive investigation was conducted in the United States in 2006 by Bickers et al. […] A true economic impact of AD is difficult to measure due to the broad severity of AD disease and multiple cost contributors related to indirect and direct medical costs.
#43 Overview of Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-atopic-dermatitis-article
The total burden of AD in Bickers et al was estimated at $4.228 billion (2004 USD) compared with psoriasis at $3.658 billion. […] The current literature related to economic burden is very sparse, but a comprehensive investigation was conducted in the United States in 2006 by Bickers et al. […] A true economic impact of AD is difficult to measure due to the broad severity of AD disease and multiple cost contributors related to indirect and direct medical costs.
#44
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that commonly affects both children and adults. AD is associated with a heavy symptom burden, including pruritus, in addition to pain, sleep disturbance and mental health symptoms. The 2010 Global Burden of Disease survey found that AD had the highest disability-adjusted life-years among skin disorders, reflecting both the high prevalence and patient burden of the disease. […] The prevalence of childhood AD has been increasing over the past few decades, both in the United States and internationally. The 1-year prevalence of caregiver-reported healthcare diagnosed eczema increased from 9.8% to 12.2% in the National Survey of Childrens Health (NSCH) 2003 and 2007 studies, respectively, with significant variation between states and districts. Similarly, the prevalence of childhood AD steadily increased from approximately 8% in 1997 to more than 12% in 2010 and 2011 in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) but may have plateaued in 2012 and 2013.
#45 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Pollution, climate and exposure to irritants can increase the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. […] Atopic dermatitis is the leading contributor to skin-related disability and ranks 15th among all non-fatal diseases globally. […] Half of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis indicate that it significantly limits their lifestyle; nearly 35% of those with mild atopic dermatitis also experience some lifestyle limitations. […] Nearly one-third of adults with atopic dermatitis have experienced challenges in school or their work life, and 14% of adults believe their academic and/or career progression have been hindered by atopic dermatitis. […] The annual economic burden of atopic dermatitis, including direct medical costs, indirect costs from lack of productivity and quality of life impacts is conservatively estimated at $5.3 billion.
#46 Eczema Statistics | National Eczema Association
https://nationaleczema.org/eczema-facts/
Pollution, climate and exposure to irritants can increase the likelihood of developing atopic dermatitis. […] Atopic dermatitis is the leading contributor to skin-related disability and ranks 15th among all non-fatal diseases globally. […] Half of patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis indicate that it significantly limits their lifestyle; nearly 35% of those with mild atopic dermatitis also experience some lifestyle limitations. […] Nearly one-third of adults with atopic dermatitis have experienced challenges in school or their work life, and 14% of adults believe their academic and/or career progression have been hindered by atopic dermatitis. […] The annual economic burden of atopic dermatitis, including direct medical costs, indirect costs from lack of productivity and quality of life impacts is conservatively estimated at $5.3 billion.
#47 Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Statistics – Allergy & Asthma Network
https://allergyasthmanetwork.org/what-is-eczema/eczema-statistics/
Infographic about atopic dermatitis: 16.5 million U.S. adults affected; 9.6 million children; 6.6 million have moderate to severe cases; more common in females; 90% with daily itching; 50% affect daily life; $5.3 billion/year burden; 30% report anxiety or depression. […] Approximately 31.6 million people in the United States have some form of eczema. […] 15-20% of children globally have atopic dermatitis (AD). […] 15.1% of children in the United States have AD. […] 1-3% of adults globally have AD. […] 7.3% of adults in the United States have AD. […] AD is more common in black children than other racial or ethnic groups. […] Adults with AD report higher rates of anxiety (29.8%), depression (31.2%) and sleep disturbances (33.2%) than the general population. […] The total annual cost of AD increased to estimated $5.3 billion in 2015. […] The direct costs associated with AD were over $1 billion annually in 2004.
#48 Overview of Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.ajmc.com/view/overview-of-atopic-dermatitis-article
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition. Incidence of AD has increased 2- to 3-fold in industrialized nations, impacting approximately 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults worldwide. […] Incidence of AD, also referred to as atopic eczema, has increased 2- to 3-fold in industrialized nations since the 1970s, with approximately 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults affected worldwide. Population-based studies in the United States suggest that prevalence is about 10.7% for children and 7.2% for adults. […] A 2007 study further supports this claim, as an estimated 17.8 million persons, mostly undiagnosed, are living with AD in the United States. […] The burden of AD is not limited to just the patient, because AD is a chronic relapsing skin disease that can persist into adulthood and burden of disease is frequently experienced by the patients family.
#49 Eczema Can Affect Us All, but Some More Than Others
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-epidemiology
In the U.S., 31.6 million people have at least one form of eczema. This skin condition affects all races, ethnicities, genders, and ages. But eczema can be slightly less or more common in specific groups. […] The number of children with eczema continues to grow. The percentage of those affected has gone up from 8% to about 12% since 1997. […] Around 16.5 million adults in the U.S. have eczema that first showed up when they were under the age of 2. Out of this group, 40% of them have moderate to severe forms of the disease. […] Experts dont yet know if there are any major differences between adult-onset eczema and childhood eczema. […] In the U.S., eczema affects more Black children and European American children than Hispanic children. But Black and Hispanic children have more serious cases of eczema.
#50 12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis in resource-rich countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19508-7
The primary outcome was 12-month prevalence of AD. […] Our study describes the prevalence and trends of AD over the past three decades in resource-rich countries. […] Firstly, it ascertains that nearly one-tenth (9.2%) of all people have experienced AD during last 12 months. Secondly, the prevalence of the disease has remained stable during the last decades. […] We saw the highest 12-month AD prevalence of 16.3% in the youngest age group (0-5 years old), being almost twice as high as in older age groups. […] The observed 12-month prevalence of 9.3% among adults is echoed in the latest study from Finland where the prevalence of AD in the adult population was detected at 10.1%. […] Although there was a transient decrease of reported AD prevalence in the period 2001-2010, no convincing time trend was disclosed across the three decades. […] Our results confirm that in affluent countries one-tenth of the general population suffers from AD annually and suggest that AD prevalence has not increased over time.
#51 12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis in resource-rich countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19508-7
The primary outcome was 12-month prevalence of AD. […] Our study describes the prevalence and trends of AD over the past three decades in resource-rich countries. […] Firstly, it ascertains that nearly one-tenth (9.2%) of all people have experienced AD during last 12 months. Secondly, the prevalence of the disease has remained stable during the last decades. […] We saw the highest 12-month AD prevalence of 16.3% in the youngest age group (0-5 years old), being almost twice as high as in older age groups. […] The observed 12-month prevalence of 9.3% among adults is echoed in the latest study from Finland where the prevalence of AD in the adult population was detected at 10.1%. […] Although there was a transient decrease of reported AD prevalence in the period 2001-2010, no convincing time trend was disclosed across the three decades. […] Our results confirm that in affluent countries one-tenth of the general population suffers from AD annually and suggest that AD prevalence has not increased over time.
#52 Recent perspectives on the global epidemiology of childhood eczema | Allergologia et Immunopathologia
https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-allergologia-et-immunopathologia-105-articulo-recent-perspectives-on-global-epidemiology-S0301054611001091
Prior to the ISAAC Phase One survey, very little was known about the prevalence of childhood eczema outside of Northern Europe. Phase One collected data from 256,410 children aged 67 years in 90 centres and 458,623 participants between 13 and 14 years of age from 153 centres. There were significant prevalence differences between paediatric populations for all eczema outcomes in both age groups. For instance, the prevalence of flexural eczema in the past 12 months ranged from less than 2% in Iran to over 16% in Japan and Sweden in the 67 years age group and under 1% in Albania to over 15% in a number of Northern European countries among 13 and 14-year-old children. […] Phase Three added valuable information on time trends in disease distribution. 302,159 children aged 1314 years in 105 centers from 55 countries and 187,943 children aged 67 years in 64 centres from 35 countries were surveyed from the Phase One study centres, using the same validated questionnaire tool 510 years after the initial survey. Overall, in affluent country centres where eczema among 13 and 14 year olds was common, prevalences did not increase further or even decreased, whereas the eczema burden continued to rise in most developing country settings.
#53
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
The high prevalence of AD in adults is likely related to a combination of both persistence of childhood AD and adult onset/recurrent AD. Recent studies have suggested that childhood AD may not burn out or dissipate as much as previously thought. […] A systematic review found that children whose AD started later in childhood or adolescence, was more severe, or already persistent for many years were more likely to have persistent AD. […] Most textbooks cite a statistic that 50% of AD cases begin in the first year of life and 85% by age 5 years. However, those studies were limited to younger children and did not study adolescents and adults. […] A meta-analysis of 17 studies on adult-onset AD (reported age of onset 16 years) found a pooled proportion of adult-onset AD of 26.1%. […] Regardless of whether such cases are adult-onset per se or adult-recurrence, there appears to be a large proportion of patients with adult flares of AD.
#54
https://www.healio.com/clinical-guidance/atopic-dermatitis/epidemiology-overview
The high prevalence of AD in adults is likely related to a combination of both persistence of childhood AD and adult onset/recurrent AD. Recent studies have suggested that childhood AD may not burn out or dissipate as much as previously thought. […] A systematic review found that children whose AD started later in childhood or adolescence, was more severe, or already persistent for many years were more likely to have persistent AD. […] Most textbooks cite a statistic that 50% of AD cases begin in the first year of life and 85% by age 5 years. However, those studies were limited to younger children and did not study adolescents and adults. […] A meta-analysis of 17 studies on adult-onset AD (reported age of onset 16 years) found a pooled proportion of adult-onset AD of 26.1%. […] Regardless of whether such cases are adult-onset per se or adult-recurrence, there appears to be a large proportion of patients with adult flares of AD.
#55 Atopic dermatitis in adults: prevalence, clinical pattern, and contact sensitization
https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Article/100957
This study provides a clinical and epidemiological profile of adults diagnosed with AD at a tertiary hospital located in Nigeria. The period prevalence observed in our study among adults with AD attending the dermatology clinic was 1.7%. This finding is lower than that reported among children with AD in another Nigerian study. However, our study prevalence is higher than a similar study in another African country, Madagascar (0.5%), almost close to that reported in Cameroun (2.1%) but far lower than those reported recently by an international survey done in Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Egypt, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, KSA, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. […] Our study observed a higher percentage of individuals (68.4%) who developed AD after the age of 18 years, this is higher than that reported almost 20 years ago in a study from Southeastern Nigeria where 15.5% developed AD after the age of 18 years. Apparently, not only is the prevalence of AD globally on the rise, but the number of people who develop AD in adulthood (adult-onset AD) is also on the rise.
#56 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/762045-overview
The prevalence of AD in the United States has been reported to be 10-12% in children and 0.9% in adults. A study examining physician visits for AD in the United States from 1997 to 2004 found that a large increase in office visits for AD occurred and that Blacks and Asians visited more frequently for AD than Whites. […] Globally, the prevalence rate of AD is rising. AD has been estimated to affect 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries. In China and Iran, the prevalence is approximately 2-3%. The frequency is increased in patients who emigrate to developed countries from underdeveloped countries. […] In 85% of cases, AD occurs in the first year of life; in 95% of cases, it occurs before age 5 years. The incidence of AD is highest in early infancy and childhood. The disease may have periods of complete remission, particularly in adolescence, and may then recur in early adult life. In the adult population, the frequency of AD is 3% or higher, but onset may be delayed until adulthood. […] The male-to-female ratio for AD is 1:1.4. […] AD affects persons of all races. Immigrants from developing countries who live in developed countries have a higher incidence of AD than the indigenous population, and the incidence is rapidly rising in developed countries.
#57 Atopic Dermatitis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/762045-overview
The prevalence of AD in the United States has been reported to be 10-12% in children and 0.9% in adults. A study examining physician visits for AD in the United States from 1997 to 2004 found that a large increase in office visits for AD occurred and that Blacks and Asians visited more frequently for AD than Whites. […] Globally, the prevalence rate of AD is rising. AD has been estimated to affect 15-30% of children and 2-10% of adults in developed countries. In China and Iran, the prevalence is approximately 2-3%. The frequency is increased in patients who emigrate to developed countries from underdeveloped countries. […] In 85% of cases, AD occurs in the first year of life; in 95% of cases, it occurs before age 5 years. The incidence of AD is highest in early infancy and childhood. The disease may have periods of complete remission, particularly in adolescence, and may then recur in early adult life. In the adult population, the frequency of AD is 3% or higher, but onset may be delayed until adulthood. […] The male-to-female ratio for AD is 1:1.4. […] AD affects persons of all races. Immigrants from developing countries who live in developed countries have a higher incidence of AD than the indigenous population, and the incidence is rapidly rising in developed countries.
#58 The evolving therapeutic landscape in atopic dermatitis
https://www.explorationpub.com/Journals/eaa/Article/100966
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting millions worldwide, with significant variations in clinical presentation influenced by socioeconomic, racial, and environmental factors. […] Eczema, also known as atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD), affects a considerable world population, with 101.27 million adults and 102.78 million children experiencing this condition. The overall prevalence rates were 2.0% and 4.0% in adults and children, respectively. […] Recent epidemiological studies indicate substantial variation in the global prevalence of AD, influenced by factors such as age, sex, geographic location, and race. The global prevalence is approximately 2.0% in adults and 4.0% in children. […] A 12-month, international cross-sectional web-based survey by Barbarot et al. conducted across regions in the Americas, Europe, and Asia reported that the prevalence of AD in these areas ranges from 2.1% to 4.9%. Similarly, Silverberg et al., focusing on children aged 6 months to 18 years in regions including the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, and Eurasia, observed a prevalence range of 2.7% to 20.1%, reflecting significant regional variability.
#59 Eczema Can Affect Us All, but Some More Than Others
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-epidemiology
Your environment also plays a role in how likely you are to get eczema. If you live in an urban setting or you’re around certain allergens (like mold and dust), you have a higher chance of getting the condition. […] Experts believe that eczema is more common in developed countries because of clean living conditions, childhood vaccines that lower infection rates, and antibiotic use. These things change your immune response and make you more likely to have atopic diseases, like eczema.
#60 Eczema Can Affect Us All, but Some More Than Others
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/eczema/eczema-epidemiology
Your environment also plays a role in how likely you are to get eczema. If you live in an urban setting or you’re around certain allergens (like mold and dust), you have a higher chance of getting the condition. […] Experts believe that eczema is more common in developed countries because of clean living conditions, childhood vaccines that lower infection rates, and antibiotic use. These things change your immune response and make you more likely to have atopic diseases, like eczema.
#61
https://journals.lww.com/ijpd/fulltext/2023/24010/epidemiology_and_clinical_pattern_of_eczemas_among.4.aspx
In the age groups of 1-5 and 6-10 years, atopic dermatitis was the first most common eczema, while in the 11-19 years age group, seborrheic dermatitis was the most common. […] Our study showed an increase in the overall incidence of eczemas in the summer months; however, atopic dermatitis cases had exacerbation of symptoms in winter months. […] The prevalence of atopic dermatitis reported in developed western studies varies from 10 to 20%. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in our study was 7.8%, whereas prevalence reported in other Indian studies varied from 0.24 to 55%. […] In our study, exacerbation of symptoms in winter was seen in a majority (70.64%) of atopic dermatitis children which is similar to studies of Sarkar and Kanwar and Dhar and Kanwar. […] The pattern of eczemas in different desert regions of the world was observed. This shows that there is a higher incidence of atopic dermatitis in desert areas. […] The desert dust, in specific the Asian desert dust, is suspected as an etiological factor of atopic dermatitis and other eczemas.
#62 Epidemiology and management of atopic dermatitis in England: an observational cohort study protocol | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e037518
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions in both children and adults. Despite this, contemporary descriptions of the incidence, prevalence and current management of the condition in the UK are lacking. […] We will perform a series of retrospective studies using a large population-based cohort derived from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network database to explore two key research themes: AD epidemiology and AD management. […] In the epidemiology theme, we will describe the incidence and prevalence of AD in children and adults in England from 2009 to 2018 inclusive. […] The relapsing and remitting nature of AD, coupled with methodological issues and varying case definitions, makes accurate estimates of AD prevalence challenging. Recent work using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink reported an approximate UK prevalence of 10%. […] This study series aims to provide a comprehensive description of the incidence, prevalence and health resource utilisation in AD in England.
#63
https://clarivate.com/life-sciences-healthcare/report/epidim0076-biopharma-atopic-dermatitis-atopic-eczema-epidemiology-asia-pacific/
Clarivate Epidemiologys coverage of atopic dermatitis (AD) comprises epidemiological estimates of key patient populations in 45 countries worldwide. We report the prevalence of AD for each country, as well as annualized case counts projected to the national population. […] Most patient populations are forecast over a period of 20 years for the major mature pharmaceutical markets and 10 years for the other countries covered in this report. […] Clarivate Epidemiology forecasts at least 10 years of forecast data for the following AD populations: Total 12-month prevalent cases of AD. Total 12-month prevalent cases of AD by severity.
#64
https://clarivate.com/life-sciences-healthcare/report/epidim0076-biopharma-atopic-dermatitis-atopic-eczema-epidemiology-asia-pacific/
Clarivate Epidemiologys coverage of atopic dermatitis (AD) comprises epidemiological estimates of key patient populations in 45 countries worldwide. We report the prevalence of AD for each country, as well as annualized case counts projected to the national population. […] Most patient populations are forecast over a period of 20 years for the major mature pharmaceutical markets and 10 years for the other countries covered in this report. […] Clarivate Epidemiology forecasts at least 10 years of forecast data for the following AD populations: Total 12-month prevalent cases of AD. Total 12-month prevalent cases of AD by severity.
#65 Healthcare Service Utilization by 116,816 Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Israel | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3117
Understanding of the epidemiology and healthcare service utilization related to atopic dermatitis is necessary to inform the use of new treatments. […] Atopic dermatitis was associated with an increased burden of healthcare utilization across the entire spectrum of healthcare services compared with controls. […] In conclusion, this study demonstrates an increased burden of healthcare utilization in atopic dermatitis. […] To allow the incorporation of the newly introduced, expensive treatments the epidemiology and healthcare service utilization of patients with atopic dermatitis must be defined in a timely manner. […] We report an increased burden of healthcare utilization across the entire spectrum of healthcare services in a large group of 116,816 patients with atopic dermatitis compared with controls without atopic dermatitis.
#66 Healthcare Service Utilization by 116,816 Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Israel | HTML | Acta Dermato-Venereologica
https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/html/10.2340/00015555-3117
The study included 116,816 Israeli patients with AD and 116,812 age- and sex-matched comparison controls. […] Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated the increased healthcare service, utilization burden, and increased drug use in patients with AD compared with the age- and sex-matched control groups of general population enrolees. […] The current study quantified the direct burden on healthcare utilization of patients with AD. […] It was observed that, in comparison with the rest of the population, patients with AD had more than a 5-fold increase in visits to dermatology clinics, more than a 3-fold increase in visits to allergy clinics, and almost 7 times more hospitalizations. […] The results of the current study are consistent with those of recent reports on the epidemiology of AD; however, the current study contributes essential data on community patients. […] This study quantifies the scale of healthcare service utilization and medication use among patients with AD. Consistently higher healthcare service and medication use were observed among patients with AD compared with the general population of patients at CHS.
#67 Epidemiology and management of atopic dermatitis in England: an observational cohort study protocol | BMJ Open
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/9/e037518
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions in both children and adults. Despite this, contemporary descriptions of the incidence, prevalence and current management of the condition in the UK are lacking. […] We will perform a series of retrospective studies using a large population-based cohort derived from the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network database to explore two key research themes: AD epidemiology and AD management. […] In the epidemiology theme, we will describe the incidence and prevalence of AD in children and adults in England from 2009 to 2018 inclusive. […] The relapsing and remitting nature of AD, coupled with methodological issues and varying case definitions, makes accurate estimates of AD prevalence challenging. Recent work using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink reported an approximate UK prevalence of 10%. […] This study series aims to provide a comprehensive description of the incidence, prevalence and health resource utilisation in AD in England.
#68
https://dpcj.org/index.php/dpc/article/view/dermatol-pract-concept-articleid-dp1104a146
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, lifelong, relapsing condition. The wide spectrum of the possible clinical presentations, depending on patients age, age of onset of disease, topography and morphology of dermatitis, limits the epidemiologic information on its prevalence and incidence. A clear definition of the different clinical AD phenotypes and epidemiology is essential for an appropriate patients treatment and management, in particular for adults. This review summarizes the most recent epidemiologic data from the 21st century, on AD prevalence and incidence rates either in children or adults, with a special focus on their trends in Europe. […] Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in primary schoolchildren in Turkey. […] Prevalence and risk factors of atopic eczema in Turkish adolescents.
#69 The Epidemiology and Global Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/936
The global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) in the current decade (2009â2019) has not been extensively reported. Epidemiological studies play an important role in presenting the risk factors of AD, as detailed prevalence and incidence data could demonstrate the burden of disease in the population of adults, adolescents, and children in different geographical regions. […] The highest prevalence of AD from included studies was noted among Swedish children with 34%, while the lowest prevalence was in Tunisian children with 0.65%; studies reporting incidence data were far less numerous. A common trend in the prevalence of AD was that children would have a higher prevalence as compared to adolescents and adults. The severity and morbidity of the disease showed variance with age, sex, socioeconomic characteristics, geographical location, and ethnicity. Environmental factors played an important role as causative agents in AD.
#70 The future research agenda (Chapter 19) – Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A0046356A6D7502391ACC7E120336E34
This book has summarized something about the burden and causes of atopic dermatitis (AD) throughout the world. […] Despite these limitations, it is worth pausing for a moment to look back and see where research into the epidemiology of AD has taken us so far, in order to identify the major gaps for the future research agenda. […] It is hoped that this will inspire future researchers to study this interesting yet enigmatic disease.
#71 JCM | Special Issue : Epidemiology and Treatment of Atopic Eczema
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/eczema?view=abstract&listby=date
Eczema (also known as atopic eczema or atopic dermatitis), is estimated to affect one in five school children, and is increasing worldwide. […] For such a common condition, it is perhaps surprising that there are still so many unanswered questions about its causes, possible strategies for its prevention, and the best and safest ways of treating the disease. […] This Special Issue compiles articles that reflect current best practice from around the world in the management of eczema, along with new insights into the causes, mechanisms and strategies for prevention. […] Keywords: eczema, atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema, allergy, itch, skin disease, treatment, prevention, epidemiology.
#72 The future research agenda (Chapter 19) – Atopic Dermatitis
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A0046356A6D7502391ACC7E120336E34
This book has summarized something about the burden and causes of atopic dermatitis (AD) throughout the world. […] Despite these limitations, it is worth pausing for a moment to look back and see where research into the epidemiology of AD has taken us so far, in order to identify the major gaps for the future research agenda. […] It is hoped that this will inspire future researchers to study this interesting yet enigmatic disease.