Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Growth Plate Fracture Healing Time | EmergeOrtho—Triangle Region

  https://emergeortho.com/news/growth-plate-fracture-healing-time/

  While much of the current cautionary discussion regarding youth sports surround soft tissue injuries, it is equally important for parents to be aware of the risk of growth plate fractures. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), an estimated 15% to 30% of all adolescent fractures are growth plate fractures. […] When our fellowship-trained orthopedic physicians examine and determine a growth plate fracture, the diagnosis will be classified as one of the following five types of fractures: […] This hierarchy of fractures is referred to as the Salter-Harris system. […] Most growth plate fractures heal properly and when treated appropriately have no long term complications moving forward. […] Growth plate fracture healing time varies based on the type and location of the fracture. Typically, it takes several weeks for a growth plate to fully heal. Your orthopedic physician or physical therapist will likely recommend special physical therapy exercises and stretches to promote further healing.

• #2 Is A Growth Plate Fracture Cause For Concern? | Banner Health

  https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/teach-me/is-a-growth-plate-fracture-cause-for-concern

  Childrens bones are still growing, which means they are vulnerable to certain fractures, known as growth plate fractures, that do not occur in adults. […] A growth plate fracture affects the growing cartilage near the ends of childrens bones, said Matthew Brown, MD, a Banner Health pediatric orthopedic surgeon Banner Children’s who specializes in sports medicine and injuries. […] According to Dr. Brown, these are quite common and account for 15-30% of fractures in children and adolescents. […] This is why prompt diagnosis and treatment are important. […] That being said, displaced fractures at the growth plate need to be reduced quickly because, after time, it can be worse for the growth plate to reduce the fracture as opposed to letting it heal in a deformed position and having the bone remodel over time. […] Treatment for growth plate injuries are like other fractures and can range from a cast to surgery, but Dr. Brown said it depends on several factors including: […] Fortunately, with proper care and treatment, most growth plate injuries heal without complications, Dr. Brown said.

• #3 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984

  Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #4 Growth Plate Fractures | Boston Children’s Hospital

  https://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/growth-plate-fractures

  A broken bone is called a fracture. A break in the bone that goes through the growth plate is called a growth plate fracture. Growth plate fractures vary from mild to serious injuries. They are usually diagnosed by physical examination and an X-ray. […] A doctor will check to see if the affected area is swollen, warm, or has a visible deformity, like crookedness or broken skin. The doctor will X-ray the area to determine the degree of the fracture, whether the bone has been displaced or moved, and what other testing, imaging, or treatment might be necessary. […] Your child’s immediate and long-term treatment depends on the how severe the fracture is. If your child’s bone has been displaced or moved, it may require more extensive treatment than if it is non-displaced.

• #5 Growth Plate Fractures: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17969-growth-plate-fractures

  Growth plate fractures are cracks in a childs growth plate the special section of cartilage at the ends of their long bones. […] Most growth plate fractures take several weeks to heal, and its important to get them diagnosed and treated right away. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a growth plate fracture with a physical exam and imaging tests. […] Your provider will use at least one type of imaging test to take pictures of your childs bones and the other tissue around their injury. […] Providers usually treat growth plate fractures with a cast (immobilization). […] Its rare to need surgery to repair a growth plate fracture. […] Most kids need to wear a cast for around a month after a growth plate fracture (usually four to six weeks). […] The best way to reduce the odds of complications is to get a growth plate fracture diagnosed as soon as possible (within a week).

• #6 Pediatric Physeal (Growth Plate) Fractures – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/fractures/pediatric-physeal-growth-plate-fractures

  Open growth plates in children are often involved in fractures. Diagnosis is by radiograph. […] Growth plate fractures are suspected in children who have tenderness and swelling localized over the growth plate or who cannot move or put weight on the affected limb. […] Radiographs are the diagnostic test of choice. If findings are equivocal, contralateral comparison radiographs may be helpful. […] Despite use of comparison views, radiographs may appear normal in Salter-Harris types I and V. If radiograph appear normal but a growth plate fracture is suspected, patients are assumed to have a fracture. […] Continued pain and tenderness suggest a growth plate fracture.

• #7 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures): Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-overview

  Growth plate (physeal) fractures may be defined as disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone. […] Injuries to the physes are more likely to occur in an active pediatric population than sprains or ligament injuries are, in part because the ligaments and joint capsules have greater structural strength and integrity than the growth plates do. […] Growth plate injuries can usually be distinguished from sprains on clinical examination, where the growth plate injury is tender over the bone and the sprain is tender over the joint itself. […] However, Boutis et al did demonstrate, at least in the ankle, that with negative radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistently demonstrates sprains instead of growth plate injuries.

• #8 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures): Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-overview

  Growth plate (physeal) fractures may be defined as disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone. […] Injuries to the physes are more likely to occur in an active pediatric population than sprains or ligament injuries are, in part because the ligaments and joint capsules have greater structural strength and integrity than the growth plates do. […] Growth plate injuries can usually be distinguished from sprains on clinical examination, where the growth plate injury is tender over the bone and the sprain is tender over the joint itself. […] However, Boutis et al did demonstrate, at least in the ankle, that with negative radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consistently demonstrates sprains instead of growth plate injuries.

• #9 Growth plate fractures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20164401/

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. An improperly treated growth plate fracture could result in a fractured bone ending up more crooked or shorter than its opposite limb. […] Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #10 Growth Plate Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  Doctors diagnose growth plate injuries by: […] Because growth plates have not yet hardened into solid bone, neither the structures themselves nor injuries to them show up on x-rays. Instead, growth plates appear as gaps between the shaft of a long bone (metaphysis) and the end of the bone (epiphysis). Therefore, a growth plate injury may not be apparent on an x-ray. […] Other tests doctors may use to diagnose your child’s growth plate injury include: […] Because these tests enable doctors to see the growth plate and areas of other soft tissue, they can help visualize the injuries and determine the type of growth plate injury.

• #11 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984

  Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #12 Growth Plate Fracture San Antonio TX | Fracture Care San Antonio TX

  https://www.briankanzmd.com/growth-plate-fracture-orthopaedic-surgeon-san-antonio-tx.html

  Your doctor can diagnose growth plate fractures with the help of imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scan and MRI. […] They may order images of both the limbs for comparison between the normal and injured limb.

• #13 Pediatric Physeal (Growth Plate) Fractures – Injuries; Poisoning – Merck Manual Professional Edition

  https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/fractures/pediatric-physeal-growth-plate-fractures

  Open growth plates in children are often involved in fractures. Diagnosis is by radiograph. […] Growth plate fractures are suspected in children who have tenderness and swelling localized over the growth plate or who cannot move or put weight on the affected limb. […] Radiographs are the diagnostic test of choice. If findings are equivocal, contralateral comparison radiographs may be helpful. […] Despite use of comparison views, radiographs may appear normal in Salter-Harris types I and V. If radiograph appear normal but a growth plate fracture is suspected, patients are assumed to have a fracture. […] Continued pain and tenderness suggest a growth plate fracture.

• #14 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984

  Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #15 Fractures in Children | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/f/fractures

  Growth plate fractures occur through the growth plate. If the bone broke in this area but did not move or displace, the X-rays may appear normal. […] If your child is tender, has swelling or bruising and a history of an injury to this part of the body, he or she most likely will be placed in a cast or splint for about four weeks. […] Your child may or may not need X-rays once the cast is removed. At this time, signs of healing may be evident, confirming the suspicion of a fracture. It is much better to place your child in a cast / splint for protection than to assume it is „just a sprain.” […] If the fracture is through the growth plate, X-rays are often normal, unless the fracture is displaced. […] If the initial fracture is displaced, X-rays are taken frequently to assure the alignment has been maintained in the cast. Angles can be measured on the X-rays to confirm satisfactory alignment of the fracture.

• #16 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984

  Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #17 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-differential

  A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose many growth plate injuries. If initial images are normal but clinical examination reveals tenderness over a physis, additional images, including oblique images, comparison views of the opposite side, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be indicated. Misdiagnosis of a physeal injury as a sprain can result in long-term complications from growth deformity, including growth arrest and arthritis. […] An example is provided by the case of a child with knee pain and tenderness over the physis in whom routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral imaging do not show the fracture. An inexpensive oblique x-ray easily reveals the Salter-Harris (SH) type III fracture of the distal femur. […] Another example is provided by the case of a patient with ankle pain in whom plain radiographs do not show the Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia, but a CT scan clearly reveals the pathology.

• #18 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-differential

  A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose many growth plate injuries. If initial images are normal but clinical examination reveals tenderness over a physis, additional images, including oblique images, comparison views of the opposite side, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be indicated. Misdiagnosis of a physeal injury as a sprain can result in long-term complications from growth deformity, including growth arrest and arthritis. […] An example is provided by the case of a child with knee pain and tenderness over the physis in whom routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral imaging do not show the fracture. An inexpensive oblique x-ray easily reveals the Salter-Harris (SH) type III fracture of the distal femur. […] Another example is provided by the case of a patient with ankle pain in whom plain radiographs do not show the Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia, but a CT scan clearly reveals the pathology.

• #19 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Although a fracture is usually visible on an X-ray, a fracture that includes or is only located in the growth plate may be tricky to diagnose. This is because the growth plate is radiolucent on an X-ray, meaning it is translucent or mostly invisible. Unless the growth plate fracture is displaced (out of alignment) or is part of a fracture that extends from bone that is radiodense (visible as a solid white mass on an X-ray), it can be easy to miss. […] Advanced imaging aids in assessing the amount of injury to the growth plate. It is often recommended that children or teenagers who break an arm or leg have a CT scan and/or MRI to determine precisely where the growth plate has been injured. This not only helps in guiding the appropriate treatment of these fractures, but in monitoring growth after the fracture heals.

• #20 A Doctor’s Guide to Understanding Growth Plate Fractures | Faculty of Medicine

  https://forum.facmedicine.com/threads/a-doctors-guide-to-understanding-growth-plate-fractures.100935/

  Growth plate injuries are a crucial yet often under-discussed aspect of pediatric orthopedics. […] This comprehensive guide delves into everything you need to know about growth plate injuries, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and potential long-term effects. […] Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent long-term complications. The diagnostic process typically involves: Medical History: Understanding the circumstances of the injury and the patients activity level. Physical Examination: Assessing the affected area for pain, swelling, deformity, and range of motion. Imaging Studies: X-rays: Often the first-line imaging technique to identify fractures. However, growth plates may not be visible on standard X-rays because they are made of cartilage. MRI: Provides detailed images of soft tissues, including growth plates, and is especially useful for identifying subtle injuries. CT Scans: May be used for complex fractures to provide a three-dimensional view. Ultrasound: Occasionally used to assess injuries in younger children. […] Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to minimizing these risks.

• #21 Growth Plate Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  Doctors diagnose growth plate injuries by: […] Because growth plates have not yet hardened into solid bone, neither the structures themselves nor injuries to them show up on x-rays. Instead, growth plates appear as gaps between the shaft of a long bone (metaphysis) and the end of the bone (epiphysis). Therefore, a growth plate injury may not be apparent on an x-ray. […] Other tests doctors may use to diagnose your child’s growth plate injury include: […] Because these tests enable doctors to see the growth plate and areas of other soft tissue, they can help visualize the injuries and determine the type of growth plate injury.

• #22 Diagnosing Growth Plate Injuries | NYU Langone Health

  https://nyulangone.org/conditions/growth-plate-injuries-in-children/diagnosis

  If your child has tenderness near a growth plate but an X-ray does not show signs of an injury, the doctor may order a CT scan to determine the cause of the symptoms. […] MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of areas that are difficult to see on X-rays, including subtle fractures or bone bruisesareas of increased water in the bone. […] Our doctors use the results of these tests to assess whether a growth plate injury has occurred and, if so, what treatment it requires.

• #23 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Although a fracture is usually visible on an X-ray, a fracture that includes or is only located in the growth plate may be tricky to diagnose. This is because the growth plate is radiolucent on an X-ray, meaning it is translucent or mostly invisible. Unless the growth plate fracture is displaced (out of alignment) or is part of a fracture that extends from bone that is radiodense (visible as a solid white mass on an X-ray), it can be easy to miss. […] Advanced imaging aids in assessing the amount of injury to the growth plate. It is often recommended that children or teenagers who break an arm or leg have a CT scan and/or MRI to determine precisely where the growth plate has been injured. This not only helps in guiding the appropriate treatment of these fractures, but in monitoring growth after the fracture heals.

• #24 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Although a fracture is usually visible on an X-ray, a fracture that includes or is only located in the growth plate may be tricky to diagnose. This is because the growth plate is radiolucent on an X-ray, meaning it is translucent or mostly invisible. Unless the growth plate fracture is displaced (out of alignment) or is part of a fracture that extends from bone that is radiodense (visible as a solid white mass on an X-ray), it can be easy to miss. […] Advanced imaging aids in assessing the amount of injury to the growth plate. It is often recommended that children or teenagers who break an arm or leg have a CT scan and/or MRI to determine precisely where the growth plate has been injured. This not only helps in guiding the appropriate treatment of these fractures, but in monitoring growth after the fracture heals.

• #25 Growth Plate Injury | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/growth-plate-injury

  Growth plate fractures are classified depending on the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons explains: “Several classification systems of growth plate fractures have been developed. Perhaps the most widely used is the Salter-Harris system and is described here: […] Any child who experiences an injury that results in visible deformity, persistent or severe pain, or an inability to move or put pressure on a limb should be examined by a doctor. […] The doctor will first determine how the injury happened. Then, the doctor will examine the child and use X-rays to find out what kind of fracture it is. After the X-rays have been examined, the doctor will develop a treatment plan. […] Sometimes other tests are used to look at the fracture, including CT scan (a special x-ray), MRI (magnetic energy that looks inside the body) and ultrasound (sound waves that visualize the inside of the body). […] Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after the fracture. Complicated fractures (types III, IV, and V) as well as fractures to the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) may need to be followed until the child reaches skeletal maturity.

• #26 Growth Plate Fractures – TeachMeSurgery

  https://teachmesurgery.com/orthopaedic/paediatrics/growth-plate-fractures/

  Growth plate fractures are an important presentation in children and teenagers, and need urgent identification and appropriate management. […] They are common fractures, accounting for around 35% of all skeletal injuries. The involvement of the physis (growth plate) means that any mismanagement can result in limb shortening or abnormal growth. […] All patients presenting with a suspected growth plate fracture require plain film radiographs for further assessment. […] The mainstay of diagnosis required plain film radiographs only.

• #27 The Acute Occult Salter-Harris Injuries in Children

  https://openorthopaedicsjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/280/

  Salter and Harris reported their five-part classification in children with open growth plates to grade fractures of the physeal plate according to the involvement of adjacent metaphysis and epiphysis. Their grading is the most commonly used classification for pediatric physeal fractures and is based on radiographic appearance, causal mechanism and prognosis, concerning the disturbance of growth. […] Traditionally, the appearance of a fracture line on plain radiographs is needed for the primary diagnosis of a fracture. In the acute occult or obscure Salter-Harris injuries in children, there is no evidence of a fracture line at the initial anteroposterior and lateral radiographic survey. Occult undisplaced physeal fractures and specific bone bruises are the two subgroups of the acute occult Salter-Harris injuries in children. Such injuries should be clinically suspected, since they are always followed by a varying severity of tenderness, swelling, pain and refusal to use the injured extremity, and appropriately treated.

• #28 The Acute Occult Salter-Harris Injuries in Children

  https://openorthopaedicsjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/280/

  The Salter-Harris type I lesion represents a complete or incomplete fracture through the physeal plate without any bone fracture. It implies a shearing injury, although an avulsion or rotational injury cannot be excluded. […] The pathology of an undisplaced Salter-Harris type II injury can be similar to that of a type I injury. […] The Salter-Harris type V lesion represents a radiographically occult compression injury of the growth plate, following considerable axial load. This should be differentiated from the crushing of physeal cells that may occur in any other type of Salter-Harris physeal fracture. […] The value of MRI was evaluated to diagnose non-radiographically evident injuries of the distal forearm and wrist, as well as of the ankle and foot, in children whose symptoms did not resolve after 5 to 6 weeks of immobilization. The MRI examination indicated the occult lesion of bone bruising in all the patients. […] In conclusion, the most challenging aspect of MRI-based diagnosis of the acute occult physeal injuries is the recognition of rare undisplaced complete Salter-Harris type I and type V injuries, as well as of bone bruising.

• #29 The Acute Occult Salter-Harris Injuries in Children

  https://openorthopaedicsjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/280/

  The Salter-Harris type I lesion represents a complete or incomplete fracture through the physeal plate without any bone fracture. It implies a shearing injury, although an avulsion or rotational injury cannot be excluded. […] The pathology of an undisplaced Salter-Harris type II injury can be similar to that of a type I injury. […] The Salter-Harris type V lesion represents a radiographically occult compression injury of the growth plate, following considerable axial load. This should be differentiated from the crushing of physeal cells that may occur in any other type of Salter-Harris physeal fracture. […] The value of MRI was evaluated to diagnose non-radiographically evident injuries of the distal forearm and wrist, as well as of the ankle and foot, in children whose symptoms did not resolve after 5 to 6 weeks of immobilization. The MRI examination indicated the occult lesion of bone bruising in all the patients. […] In conclusion, the most challenging aspect of MRI-based diagnosis of the acute occult physeal injuries is the recognition of rare undisplaced complete Salter-Harris type I and type V injuries, as well as of bone bruising.

• #30 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-differential

  A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose many growth plate injuries. If initial images are normal but clinical examination reveals tenderness over a physis, additional images, including oblique images, comparison views of the opposite side, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be indicated. Misdiagnosis of a physeal injury as a sprain can result in long-term complications from growth deformity, including growth arrest and arthritis. […] An example is provided by the case of a child with knee pain and tenderness over the physis in whom routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral imaging do not show the fracture. An inexpensive oblique x-ray easily reveals the Salter-Harris (SH) type III fracture of the distal femur. […] Another example is provided by the case of a patient with ankle pain in whom plain radiographs do not show the Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia, but a CT scan clearly reveals the pathology.

• #31 Fractures Of The Growth Plate – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/fractures-of-the-growth-plate/

  Treatment of physeal fractures is determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the anatomic location, amount of displacement, Salter-Harris type, and involvement of the articular surface. […] The most concerning potential complication from a fracture involving the growth plate is growth arrest. […] In Type III and IV fractures, the germinal and proliferative zones are interrupted leading to higher rates of physeal bar formation and growth disturbance.

• #32 The Acute Occult Salter-Harris Injuries in Children

  https://openorthopaedicsjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/280/

  The Salter-Harris type I lesion represents a complete or incomplete fracture through the physeal plate without any bone fracture. It implies a shearing injury, although an avulsion or rotational injury cannot be excluded. […] The pathology of an undisplaced Salter-Harris type II injury can be similar to that of a type I injury. […] The Salter-Harris type V lesion represents a radiographically occult compression injury of the growth plate, following considerable axial load. This should be differentiated from the crushing of physeal cells that may occur in any other type of Salter-Harris physeal fracture. […] The value of MRI was evaluated to diagnose non-radiographically evident injuries of the distal forearm and wrist, as well as of the ankle and foot, in children whose symptoms did not resolve after 5 to 6 weeks of immobilization. The MRI examination indicated the occult lesion of bone bruising in all the patients. […] In conclusion, the most challenging aspect of MRI-based diagnosis of the acute occult physeal injuries is the recognition of rare undisplaced complete Salter-Harris type I and type V injuries, as well as of bone bruising.

• #33 Growth Plate Injuries in the Foot, Hip & More | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/basics/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  Print Orthopaedic doctor examines childs wrist joint for growth plate fracture. […] Diagnosis, Treatment, Steps to Take […] Children and teens with growth plate injuries often need immediate treatment to prevent problems with bone growth. […] Doctors use a classification system called the Salter-Harris to divide most growth plate injuries and fractures into five types. […] Symptoms of a growth plate injury include: […] Growth plate injuries can happen for many reasons. […] Although most growth plate injuries happen during play or athletic activity, growth plates are also susceptible to medical disorders that can alter their normal growth and development.

• #34 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures): Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-overview

  It is essential to keep in mind that with growth plate fractures, as with real estate, the most important datum is location, and timing is the key to treatment. […] The treating provider needs to know which fractures are likely to remodel (usually those with angulation in the plane of joint motion) and which are unlikely to remodel (eg, fractures with rotational deformity, joint incongruity, or physeal stepoff, as well as those occurring in patients near skeletal maturity). […] When growth deformity is possible, the treating provider must predict the degree of expected remodeling, and this requires an understanding of the specific fracture. […] If surgery is required, it is best to initiate treatment promptly, before healing begins and fracture surfaces smooth off or Z-deformities develop with partial continued growth. […] In general, the limited access and small bones encountered in pediatric procedures make surgical treatment more technically challenging in children than similar operations in adults would be.

• #35 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Although a fracture is usually visible on an X-ray, a fracture that includes or is only located in the growth plate may be tricky to diagnose. This is because the growth plate is radiolucent on an X-ray, meaning it is translucent or mostly invisible. Unless the growth plate fracture is displaced (out of alignment) or is part of a fracture that extends from bone that is radiodense (visible as a solid white mass on an X-ray), it can be easy to miss. […] Advanced imaging aids in assessing the amount of injury to the growth plate. It is often recommended that children or teenagers who break an arm or leg have a CT scan and/or MRI to determine precisely where the growth plate has been injured. This not only helps in guiding the appropriate treatment of these fractures, but in monitoring growth after the fracture heals.

• #36 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  The clinical exam is key for diagnosing growth plate fractures because some non-displaced growth plate fractures cannot be seen on X-rays. This is because they occur through the part of the bone that is made up of cartilage, which is not as dense as bone. […] Also, because children’s bones have a different structure and break in different patterns than adult bones, some minor changes on X-rays indicating a growth plate fracture can easily be missed. Conversely, some areas that look like a fracture can be recognized by a pediatric specialist to be a normal development or normal growth plate appearance. […] Treatment for growth plate fractures depends on several factors, including: Which bone is injured, The type of fracture, How much the broken ends of the bone are displaced, The age and health of the child, Any associated injuries.

• #37 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  The clinical exam is key for diagnosing growth plate fractures because some non-displaced growth plate fractures cannot be seen on X-rays. This is because they occur through the part of the bone that is made up of cartilage, which is not as dense as bone. […] Also, because children’s bones have a different structure and break in different patterns than adult bones, some minor changes on X-rays indicating a growth plate fracture can easily be missed. Conversely, some areas that look like a fracture can be recognized by a pediatric specialist to be a normal development or normal growth plate appearance. […] Treatment for growth plate fractures depends on several factors, including: Which bone is injured, The type of fracture, How much the broken ends of the bone are displaced, The age and health of the child, Any associated injuries.

• #38 Fractures in Children | Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

  https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/f/fractures

  A fracture in a child can be very different from a fracture in the same location in an adult. If the fracture involves the ends of the bone, the growth plate may be involved. […] The good news is that although fractures often involve the growth plate, rarely is it a problem. The doctor will tell you if the fracture involves the growth plate and if there is a potential growth plate problem, which depends on the type and site of the injury. […] X-rays will often show if a fracture involves the growth plate. Sometimes the initial X-rays will not show a fracture even when one is present. This can cause confusion for parents and patients. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate or bone, the doctor will treat for a growth plate injury or an occult fracture. […] There are five different patterns of growth plate injuries each may have a different prognosis. X-rays can determine what pattern the child has. In addition, X-rays are used to follow the healing of the fracture and to detect any growth abnormalities as they occur.

• #39 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-differential

  A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose many growth plate injuries. If initial images are normal but clinical examination reveals tenderness over a physis, additional images, including oblique images, comparison views of the opposite side, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be indicated. Misdiagnosis of a physeal injury as a sprain can result in long-term complications from growth deformity, including growth arrest and arthritis. […] An example is provided by the case of a child with knee pain and tenderness over the physis in whom routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral imaging do not show the fracture. An inexpensive oblique x-ray easily reveals the Salter-Harris (SH) type III fracture of the distal femur. […] Another example is provided by the case of a patient with ankle pain in whom plain radiographs do not show the Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia, but a CT scan clearly reveals the pathology.

• #40 Growth Plate Fractures (Physeal Fractures) Differential Diagnoses

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-differential

  A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose many growth plate injuries. If initial images are normal but clinical examination reveals tenderness over a physis, additional images, including oblique images, comparison views of the opposite side, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be indicated. Misdiagnosis of a physeal injury as a sprain can result in long-term complications from growth deformity, including growth arrest and arthritis. […] An example is provided by the case of a child with knee pain and tenderness over the physis in whom routine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral imaging do not show the fracture. An inexpensive oblique x-ray easily reveals the Salter-Harris (SH) type III fracture of the distal femur. […] Another example is provided by the case of a patient with ankle pain in whom plain radiographs do not show the Tillaux fracture of the distal tibia, but a CT scan clearly reveals the pathology.

• #41 Growth plate fractures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20351979

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. […] If you suspect a fracture, take your child to be examined by a doctor. […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing. […] Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. […] If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. […] The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage.

• #42 Growth Plate Injuries in the Foot, Hip & More | NIAMS

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/basics/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  Print Orthopaedic doctor examines childs wrist joint for growth plate fracture. […] Diagnosis, Treatment, Steps to Take […] Children and teens with growth plate injuries often need immediate treatment to prevent problems with bone growth. […] Doctors use a classification system called the Salter-Harris to divide most growth plate injuries and fractures into five types. […] Symptoms of a growth plate injury include: […] Growth plate injuries can happen for many reasons. […] Although most growth plate injuries happen during play or athletic activity, growth plates are also susceptible to medical disorders that can alter their normal growth and development.

• #43 Growth plate fractures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20164401/

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. An improperly treated growth plate fracture could result in a fractured bone ending up more crooked or shorter than its opposite limb. […] Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #44 Growth Plate Fractures – Shoreline Ortho

  https://shorelineortho.com/specialty/growth-plate-fractures-2/

  A child’s bones heal faster than an adult’s so it is extremely important for your child’s injured bone to receive proper treatment immediately, before it can begin to heal. Ideally, this means being examined by an orthopaedic specialist within 5 to 7 days of the injury, especially if manipulation to align the bone is required. Without prompt evaluation, treatment and follow-up care by an orthopaedic surgeon experienced in orthopaedic trauma, the long-term consequences of a growth plate injury may include limbs that are crooked or of unequal length. Fortunately, advances in care have made serious problems such as these quite rare. […] In addition to a physical examination, your child’s orthopaedic specialist will probably use X-rays to determine if a growth plate fracture occurred. Other diagnostic tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound may also be requested. […] Growth plate fractures are classified according to the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The Salter-Harris classification of growth plate fractures, as described here, is one of the most widely used.

• #45 Growth Plate Fractures – Shoreline Ortho

  https://shorelineortho.com/specialty/growth-plate-fractures-2/

  A child’s bones heal faster than an adult’s so it is extremely important for your child’s injured bone to receive proper treatment immediately, before it can begin to heal. Ideally, this means being examined by an orthopaedic specialist within 5 to 7 days of the injury, especially if manipulation to align the bone is required. Without prompt evaluation, treatment and follow-up care by an orthopaedic surgeon experienced in orthopaedic trauma, the long-term consequences of a growth plate injury may include limbs that are crooked or of unequal length. Fortunately, advances in care have made serious problems such as these quite rare. […] In addition to a physical examination, your child’s orthopaedic specialist will probably use X-rays to determine if a growth plate fracture occurred. Other diagnostic tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound may also be requested. […] Growth plate fractures are classified according to the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The Salter-Harris classification of growth plate fractures, as described here, is one of the most widely used.

• #46 How Long Does It Take to Recover From a Fractured Growth Plate?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_long_takes_recover_from_fractured_growth_plate/article.htm

  With proper treatment and maintenance, most growth plate fractures will heal without significant problems. […] The method of treatment will depend on the type of fracture and the acuteness of the injury. Most of the time only splinting or casting is necessary, followed by resting the extremity. […] Since a child’s bones heal quickly, a possible growth plate fracture assessment by a pediatric orthopedist physician is critical within five to seven days from the injury to provide the proper treatment before healing begins. With accurate diagnosis and treatment, most growth plate injuries heal without complications. If left untreated, permanent damage can impact the proper growth of the involved limb.

• #47 Growth Plate Injuries in Children – Washington Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine

  https://www.wosm.com/blog/growth-plate-injuries-in-children/

  Growth plate fractures are very common in children. Approximately 1530% of all childhood fractures occur through the growth plate. They are twice as likely to occur in boys as in girls. […] Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. Improper treatment can lead to crooked or shortened limbs. […] Once the patient is examined by a physician, an x-ray will be obtained. Many times a growth plate injury does not appear on an x-ray because the normal growth plate appears as a gap between the ossified bone, as seen below. With an adequate history and physical exam from skilled physicians, such as those at WOSM, a diagnosis can be made. […] The Salter-Harris classification is the most widely used and accepted classification to describe these types of fractures. Almost all children with physeal injuries can be classified from plain x-rays using the Salter-Harris classifications. There are instances where the injury can be so complex that additional imaging may be helpful, including a CT or MRI. […] Most growth plate injuries need 1014 days to start uniting, making the reduction and fixation more difficult the longer treatment is delayed. Be sure to get help early.

• #48 Growth Plate Fractures – Shoreline Ortho

  https://shorelineortho.com/specialty/growth-plate-fractures-2/

  A child’s bones heal faster than an adult’s so it is extremely important for your child’s injured bone to receive proper treatment immediately, before it can begin to heal. Ideally, this means being examined by an orthopaedic specialist within 5 to 7 days of the injury, especially if manipulation to align the bone is required. Without prompt evaluation, treatment and follow-up care by an orthopaedic surgeon experienced in orthopaedic trauma, the long-term consequences of a growth plate injury may include limbs that are crooked or of unequal length. Fortunately, advances in care have made serious problems such as these quite rare. […] In addition to a physical examination, your child’s orthopaedic specialist will probably use X-rays to determine if a growth plate fracture occurred. Other diagnostic tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound may also be requested. […] Growth plate fractures are classified according to the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The Salter-Harris classification of growth plate fractures, as described here, is one of the most widely used.

• #49 Fractures Of The Growth Plate – OrthoPaedia

  https://www.orthopaedia.com/fractures-of-the-growth-plate/

  Treatment of physeal fractures is determined on a case-by-case basis depending on the anatomic location, amount of displacement, Salter-Harris type, and involvement of the articular surface. […] The most concerning potential complication from a fracture involving the growth plate is growth arrest. […] In Type III and IV fractures, the germinal and proliferative zones are interrupted leading to higher rates of physeal bar formation and growth disturbance.

• #50 How Long Does It Take to Recover From a Fractured Growth Plate?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_long_takes_recover_from_fractured_growth_plate/article.htm

  Growth plates are the areas of new bone growth in children and teens. Bone fractures in children heal quickly as compared to adults, but fractures of the growth plate may require several weeks to heal. […] Bone fractures in children heal quickly as compared to adults, but fractures of the growth plate may require several weeks to heal. The length of immobilization time (rest) varies depending on the severity of the fracture. In a worst-case scenario, if a child’s growth plate is disrupted, the bone can undergo what is called growth arrest, which means the bone stops growing. This is rare and usually only happens if the fracture is not diagnosed and treated properly. […] Fractures of the growth plate should be carefully monitored to ensure good long-term results. Regular follow up with the orthopedist should continue for at least one year after the injury to exclude the possibility of any complication.

• #51 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  The clinical exam is key for diagnosing growth plate fractures because some non-displaced growth plate fractures cannot be seen on X-rays. This is because they occur through the part of the bone that is made up of cartilage, which is not as dense as bone. […] Also, because children’s bones have a different structure and break in different patterns than adult bones, some minor changes on X-rays indicating a growth plate fracture can easily be missed. Conversely, some areas that look like a fracture can be recognized by a pediatric specialist to be a normal development or normal growth plate appearance. […] Treatment for growth plate fractures depends on several factors, including: Which bone is injured, The type of fracture, How much the broken ends of the bone are displaced, The age and health of the child, Any associated injuries.

• #52 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #53 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #54 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #55 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #56 How Long Does It Take to Recover From a Fractured Growth Plate?

  https://www.medicinenet.com/how_long_takes_recover_from_fractured_growth_plate/article.htm

  Growth plates are the areas of new bone growth in children and teens. Bone fractures in children heal quickly as compared to adults, but fractures of the growth plate may require several weeks to heal. […] Bone fractures in children heal quickly as compared to adults, but fractures of the growth plate may require several weeks to heal. The length of immobilization time (rest) varies depending on the severity of the fracture. In a worst-case scenario, if a child’s growth plate is disrupted, the bone can undergo what is called growth arrest, which means the bone stops growing. This is rare and usually only happens if the fracture is not diagnosed and treated properly. […] Fractures of the growth plate should be carefully monitored to ensure good long-term results. Regular follow up with the orthopedist should continue for at least one year after the injury to exclude the possibility of any complication.

• #57 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #58 Growth Plate Fractures: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17969-growth-plate-fractures

  Growth plate fractures are cracks in a childs growth plate the special section of cartilage at the ends of their long bones. […] Most growth plate fractures take several weeks to heal, and its important to get them diagnosed and treated right away. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a growth plate fracture with a physical exam and imaging tests. […] Your provider will use at least one type of imaging test to take pictures of your childs bones and the other tissue around their injury. […] Providers usually treat growth plate fractures with a cast (immobilization). […] Its rare to need surgery to repair a growth plate fracture. […] Most kids need to wear a cast for around a month after a growth plate fracture (usually four to six weeks). […] The best way to reduce the odds of complications is to get a growth plate fracture diagnosed as soon as possible (within a week).

• #59 Growth Plate Fractures: Symptoms & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17969-growth-plate-fractures

  Growth plate fractures are cracks in a childs growth plate the special section of cartilage at the ends of their long bones. […] Most growth plate fractures take several weeks to heal, and its important to get them diagnosed and treated right away. […] A healthcare provider will diagnose a growth plate fracture with a physical exam and imaging tests. […] Your provider will use at least one type of imaging test to take pictures of your childs bones and the other tissue around their injury. […] Providers usually treat growth plate fractures with a cast (immobilization). […] Its rare to need surgery to repair a growth plate fracture. […] Most kids need to wear a cast for around a month after a growth plate fracture (usually four to six weeks). […] The best way to reduce the odds of complications is to get a growth plate fracture diagnosed as soon as possible (within a week).

• #60 Growth Plate Injury | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/growth-plate-injury

  Growth plate fractures are classified depending on the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons explains: “Several classification systems of growth plate fractures have been developed. Perhaps the most widely used is the Salter-Harris system and is described here: […] Any child who experiences an injury that results in visible deformity, persistent or severe pain, or an inability to move or put pressure on a limb should be examined by a doctor. […] The doctor will first determine how the injury happened. Then, the doctor will examine the child and use X-rays to find out what kind of fracture it is. After the X-rays have been examined, the doctor will develop a treatment plan. […] Sometimes other tests are used to look at the fracture, including CT scan (a special x-ray), MRI (magnetic energy that looks inside the body) and ultrasound (sound waves that visualize the inside of the body). […] Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after the fracture. Complicated fractures (types III, IV, and V) as well as fractures to the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) may need to be followed until the child reaches skeletal maturity.

• #61 The Acute Occult Salter-Harris Injuries in Children

  https://openorthopaedicsjournal.com/VOLUME/13/PAGE/280/

  The Salter-Harris type I lesion represents a complete or incomplete fracture through the physeal plate without any bone fracture. It implies a shearing injury, although an avulsion or rotational injury cannot be excluded. […] The pathology of an undisplaced Salter-Harris type II injury can be similar to that of a type I injury. […] The Salter-Harris type V lesion represents a radiographically occult compression injury of the growth plate, following considerable axial load. This should be differentiated from the crushing of physeal cells that may occur in any other type of Salter-Harris physeal fracture. […] The value of MRI was evaluated to diagnose non-radiographically evident injuries of the distal forearm and wrist, as well as of the ankle and foot, in children whose symptoms did not resolve after 5 to 6 weeks of immobilization. The MRI examination indicated the occult lesion of bone bruising in all the patients. […] In conclusion, the most challenging aspect of MRI-based diagnosis of the acute occult physeal injuries is the recognition of rare undisplaced complete Salter-Harris type I and type V injuries, as well as of bone bruising.

• #62 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #63 Growth plate fractures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20351979

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. […] If you suspect a fracture, take your child to be examined by a doctor. […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing. […] Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. […] If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. […] The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage.

• #64 Growth plate fractures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20351979

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. […] If you suspect a fracture, take your child to be examined by a doctor. […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing. […] Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. […] If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. […] The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage.

• #65 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Growth plate fractures may have no long-term consequences, but they can sometimes cause limb length discrepancies, angular deformities, and/or joint incongruities (in which the two bones that form a joint do not line up properly). Whether such complications arise may depend on the level of energy associated with the injury that caused the break and/or the alignment of the fractured bone during the healing phase.

• #66 Growth plate fractures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20351979

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. […] If you suspect a fracture, take your child to be examined by a doctor. […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing. […] Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. […] If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. […] The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage.

• #67 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSS

  https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp

  Growth plate fractures may have no long-term consequences, but they can sometimes cause limb length discrepancies, angular deformities, and/or joint incongruities (in which the two bones that form a joint do not line up properly). Whether such complications arise may depend on the level of energy associated with the injury that caused the break and/or the alignment of the fractured bone during the healing phase.

• #68 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #69 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #70 Growth Plate Fracture Healing Time | EmergeOrtho—Triangle Region

  https://emergeortho.com/news/growth-plate-fracture-healing-time/

  While much of the current cautionary discussion regarding youth sports surround soft tissue injuries, it is equally important for parents to be aware of the risk of growth plate fractures. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS), an estimated 15% to 30% of all adolescent fractures are growth plate fractures. […] When our fellowship-trained orthopedic physicians examine and determine a growth plate fracture, the diagnosis will be classified as one of the following five types of fractures: […] This hierarchy of fractures is referred to as the Salter-Harris system. […] Most growth plate fractures heal properly and when treated appropriately have no long term complications moving forward. […] Growth plate fracture healing time varies based on the type and location of the fracture. Typically, it takes several weeks for a growth plate to fully heal. Your orthopedic physician or physical therapist will likely recommend special physical therapy exercises and stretches to promote further healing.

• #71 Expert Care for Growth Plate Fractures | Coastline Orthopaedic

  https://coastlineortho.com/growth-plate-fracture/

  A growth plate fracture, also known as a physeal fracture, occurs when there is a break in the growth plate, a specialized area of cartilage located near the ends of long bones in growing children and adolescents. […] Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications that could impact bone growth and future function. […] Diagnosing growth plate fractures involves: Physical Examination: The healthcare provider assesses the affected area for pain, tenderness, and deformity. Imaging: X-rays or other imaging tests are used to visualize the fracture and determine its type and severity. […] Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment by a healthcare provider or orthopedic specialist experienced in pediatric care are essential.

• #72 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984

  Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #73 Growth Plate Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Steps to Take

  https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/diagnosis-treatment-and-steps-to-take

  Doctors diagnose growth plate injuries by: […] Because growth plates have not yet hardened into solid bone, neither the structures themselves nor injuries to them show up on x-rays. Instead, growth plates appear as gaps between the shaft of a long bone (metaphysis) and the end of the bone (epiphysis). Therefore, a growth plate injury may not be apparent on an x-ray. […] Other tests doctors may use to diagnose your child’s growth plate injury include: […] Because these tests enable doctors to see the growth plate and areas of other soft tissue, they can help visualize the injuries and determine the type of growth plate injury.

• #74 Growth Plate Injury | Texas Children’s

  https://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/growth-plate-injury

  Growth plate fractures are classified depending on the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons explains: “Several classification systems of growth plate fractures have been developed. Perhaps the most widely used is the Salter-Harris system and is described here: […] Any child who experiences an injury that results in visible deformity, persistent or severe pain, or an inability to move or put pressure on a limb should be examined by a doctor. […] The doctor will first determine how the injury happened. Then, the doctor will examine the child and use X-rays to find out what kind of fracture it is. After the X-rays have been examined, the doctor will develop a treatment plan. […] Sometimes other tests are used to look at the fracture, including CT scan (a special x-ray), MRI (magnetic energy that looks inside the body) and ultrasound (sound waves that visualize the inside of the body). […] Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after the fracture. Complicated fractures (types III, IV, and V) as well as fractures to the thighbone (femur) and shinbone (tibia) may need to be followed until the child reaches skeletal maturity.

• #75 Growth plate fractures – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/symptoms-causes/syc-20351979

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. […] If you suspect a fracture, take your child to be examined by a doctor. […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing. […] Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. […] If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. […] The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage.

• #76 Growth plate fractures | Health Library | Memorial Health System

  https://www.mhsystem.org/health-library/con-20164401/

  Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. An improperly treated growth plate fracture could result in a fractured bone ending up more crooked or shorter than its opposite limb. […] Because growth plates haven’t hardened into solid bone, they are difficult to interpret on X-rays. Doctors may ask for X-rays of both the injured limb and the opposite limb so that they can be compared. […] Sometimes a growth plate fracture cannot be seen on X-ray. If the child is tender over the area of the growth plate, your doctor may recommend a cast or a splint to protect the limb. X-rays are taken again in three to four weeks and, if there was a fracture, new bone healing will typically be seen at that time. […] For more-serious injuries, scans that can visualize soft tissue such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound may be ordered.

• #77 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Many growth plate fractures can heal successfully when treated with immobilization: A cast is applied to the injured area and the child limits some types of activity. […] If the bone fragments are displaced and the fracture is unstable, surgery may be necessary. The most common operation used to treat fractures is called open reduction and internal fixation. […] Although most growth plate fractures heal without any lasting effect, complications can occur. […] Growth plate fractures with risks for problems must be treated early and watched carefully to ensure proper long-term results. Regular follow-up visits to the doctor should continue for at least a year after injury to make sure that the growth plate is growing appropriately.

• #78 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOS

  https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/

  Growth plates are areas of cartilage located near the ends of bones. Because they are the last portion of a child’s bones to harden, growth plates are particularly vulnerable to injury. […] Because the growth plate helps determine the future length and shape of the mature bone, this type of fracture usually requires prompt attention. If not treated properly, it could result in a limb that is crooked or unequal in length when compared to its opposite limb. […] Fortunately, serious problems are rare. With proper treatment, most growth plate fractures heal without complications. […] In some areas of the body, such as fingers in younger children, early diagnosis and treatment before healing has set in can sometimes prevent the need for more invasive treatments. Other growth plate fractures, such as those around the knee, are associated with a higher rate of problems and therefore require very careful observation and follow-up.

• #79 Infographic: Growth plate injuries in children and teens

  https://www.hss.edu/pediatrics-what-are-growth-plates-infographic.asp

  Dr. Shevaun Doyle says parents should take their child to the doctor if he or she has a sudden serious injury, experiences persistent pain, is unable to move freely or put pressure on an extremity, or if an old injury interferes with the ability to engage in athletic activities. […] Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important because an injury to the growth plate may affect how the bone will grow. […] Pediatric orthopedic surgeons specialize in treating growth plate injuries. […] Fortunately, with the proper diagnosis and treatment, most growth plate injuries heal without complications.

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