Złamania płytek wzrostowych
Etiologia i przyczyny
Złamania płytek wzrostowych stanowią 15-30% wszystkich złamań u dzieci i młodzieży, z największą częstością w okresie dojrzewania (9-14 lat), szczególnie u chłopców. Etiologia obejmuje urazy jednorazowe (upadki, uderzenia, wypadki komunikacyjne) oraz przeciążeniowe (intensywny trening, powtarzalne mikrourazy), z charakterystycznym osłabieniem struktury chrząstki nasadowej (physis) na granicy chrząstki uwapnionej i nieuwapnionej. Klasyfikacja Salter-Harris (typy I-V) pozwala ocenić ryzyko zaburzeń wzrostu, które rośnie wraz z progresją typu złamania, szczególnie w typie V (zmiażdżeniowym). Biomechanicznie złamania wynikają z działania sił ścinających, skręcających i kompresyjnych, a więzadła u dzieci są około 300% silniejsze niż okolica płytki wzrostowej, co predysponuje do uszkodzeń chrząstki nasadowej w fazie intensywnego wzrostu (Tanner 3).
- Etiologia złamań płytek wzrostowych
- Urazy jednorazowe jako przyczyna złamań płytek wzrostowych
- Urazy przeciążeniowe i złamania zmęczeniowe
- Czynniki związane z wiekiem i płcią
- Czynniki patologiczne przyczyniające się do złamań płytek wzrostowych
- Mechanizm powstawania złamań płytek wzrostowych
- Mechanizm anatomiczny
- Typy złamań wg klasyfikacji Salter-Harris
- Czynniki biomechaniczne w powstawaniu złamań
- Konsekwencje złamań płytek wzrostowych
- Podsumowanie etiologii złamań płytek wzrostowych
Etiologia złamań płytek wzrostowych
Złamania płytek wzrostowych stanowią około 15-30% wszystkich złamań u dzieci i młodzieży. Są to unikalne urazy charakterystyczne dla okresu wzrostu, gdyż płytki wzrostowe (chrząstkowe) znajdujące się na końcach kości długich są najbardziej wrażliwymi elementami rozwijającego się układu kostnego.12 Ze względu na swoją strukturę płytki wzrostowe są słabsze niż otaczające je więzadła i ścięgna, co czyni je szczególnie podatnymi na urazy.3
Urazy jednorazowe jako przyczyna złamań płytek wzrostowych
Większość złamań płytek wzrostowych powstaje w wyniku jednorazowego zdarzenia traumatycznego, takiego jak:45
- Upadki, szczególnie na wyprostowaną kończynę (np. na rękę)
- Bezpośrednie uderzenia i urazy mechaniczne kończyn
- Wypadki komunikacyjne
- Skręcenia i silne przekręcenia kończyn
Jak wskazują dane statystyczne, około 30% złamań płytek wzrostowych występuje podczas uprawiania sportów kontaktowych, takich jak:89
- Piłka nożna
- Koszykówka
- Piłka ręczna
- Gimnastyka
- Football amerykański
Około 20% złamań płytek wzrostowych następuje podczas aktywności rekreacyjnych, takich jak:1112
- Jazda na rowerze
- Jazda na nartach
- Jazda na deskorolce
- Jazda na sankach
- Skoki na trampolinie
Urazy przeciążeniowe i złamania zmęczeniowe
Płytki wzrostowe mogą również ulegać uszkodzeniom w wyniku przeciążeń i powtarzalnych mikrourazów. Ten typ uszkodzeń nazywany jest złamaniami wynikającymi z nadmiernego użycia (overuse injuries) i występuje najczęściej w następujących okolicznościach:1516
- Intensywny trening sportowy u młodych sportowców
- Powtarzalne ruchy podczas ćwiczeń lub treningu (np. rzuty w baseballu, pitcher’s elbow)
- Biegi długodystansowe
- Skoki i lądowania w gimnastyce
- Zbyt szybki powrót do intensywnego wysiłku po wcześniejszym urazie
Złamania wynikające z przeciążenia często dotyczą określonych lokalizacji, takich jak:19
- „Little League shoulder” – przeciążeniowe złamanie płytki wzrostowej w obrębie bliższej części kości ramiennej
- „Gymnast’s wrist” – przeciążeniowe uszkodzenie płytki wzrostowej w obrębie dalszej części kości promieniowej
- Choroba Osgooda-Schlattera – przeciążeniowe uszkodzenie płytki wzrostowej guzowatości piszczeli
Czynniki związane z wiekiem i płcią
Badania epidemiologiczne wykazują, że:2122
- Złamania płytek wzrostowych występują dwa razy częściej u chłopców niż u dziewcząt, co wynika z faktu, że dziewczęta kończą swój wzrost wcześniej, a ich płytki wzrostowe ulegają zamknięciu w młodszym wieku
- Największa częstość występowania złamań płytek wzrostowych przypada na okres dojrzewania, kiedy kości rosną najszybciej
- Dzieci w wieku poprzedzającym gwałtowny skok wzrostowy w okresie dojrzewania (9-14 lat) są szczególnie narażone na te urazy
Szczyt występowania złamań płytek wzrostowych przypada na okres gwałtownego wzrostu w okresie dojrzewania, co jest związane z okresowym osłabieniem struktur kostnych w czasie intensywnego wzrostu.2526
Czynniki patologiczne przyczyniające się do złamań płytek wzrostowych
Niektóre stany chorobowe i czynniki środowiskowe mogą osłabiać płytki wzrostowe i zwiększać ryzyko ich złamania:2728
- Zaniedbanie i przemoc wobec dzieci – złamania płytek wzrostowych są jednymi z najczęstszych złamań występujących u zaniedbanych lub maltretowanych dzieci
- Ekstremalne warunki klimatyczne – oddziaływanie bardzo niskich temperatur (odmrożenia) może powodować uszkodzenia płytek wzrostowych
- Chemioterapia i leki – chemioterapia stosowana w leczeniu nowotworów u dzieci oraz przewlekłe stosowanie steroidów w leczeniu zapalenia stawów mogą wpływać na wzrost kości
- Zaburzenia neurologiczne – dzieci z zaburzeniami neurologicznymi mogą mieć deficyty czuciowe i nierównowagę mięśniową, co może powodować utratę równowagi i upadki
- Mutacje genetyczne – mogą powodować nieprawidłowe tworzenie lub funkcjonowanie płytek wzrostowych, zwiększając ich podatność na złamania
- Choroby metaboliczne – schorzenia takie jak niewydolność nerek i zaburzenia hormonalne wpływają na prawidłowe funkcjonowanie płytek wzrostowych i zwiększają podatność na złamania
Mechanizm powstawania złamań płytek wzrostowych
Mechanizm powstawania złamań płytek wzrostowych wynika z ich szczególnej budowy anatomicznej i biologicznej funkcji:31
Mechanizm anatomiczny
Płytka wzrostowa (chrząstka nasadowa, physis) składa się z chrząstki uwapnionej i nieuwapnionej. Złamania najczęściej występują na granicy tych dwóch rodzajów chrząstki, gdzie matrix strukturalny nieuwapnionej chrząstki jest słabszy i mniej odporny na naprężenia i odkształcenia niż chrząstka uwapniona.32 To sprawia, że płytka wzrostowa staje się najsłabszym punktem kości u dziecka.33
W przeciwieństwie do dorosłych, u których więzadła mogą ulec zerwaniu przed złamaniem kości, u dzieci to właśnie płytka wzrostowa ulega uszkodzeniu jako pierwsza, ponieważ jest słabsza niż otaczające ją struktury.3435
Typy złamań wg klasyfikacji Salter-Harris
Klasyfikacja Salter-Harris jest powszechnie stosowana do opisu złamań płytek wzrostowych i uwzględnia pięć podstawowych typów, które wskazują na mechanizm urazu i potencjalne ryzyko zaburzeń wzrostu:3637
- Typ I – złamanie przechodzące przez płytkę wzrostową bez naruszenia kości
- Typ II – złamanie przechodzące przez płytkę wzrostową i przenoszące się na trzon kości
- Typ III – złamanie przechodzące przez płytkę wzrostową i rozszerzające się do powierzchni stawowej
- Typ IV – złamanie przechodzące przez płytkę wzrostową, trzon kości i powierzchnię stawową
- Typ V – złamanie zmiażdżeniowe płytki wzrostowej spowodowane siłą kompresyjną, które może poważnie wpłynąć na wzrost kości
Ryzyko zaburzeń wzrostu wzrasta wraz z progresją od typu I do typu V. Złamania typu V, choć rzadkie, prawie zawsze prowadzą do zaburzeń wzrostu i wymagają konsultacji z ortopedą dziecięcym.40
Czynniki biomechaniczne w powstawaniu złamań
Do głównych czynników biomechanicznych przyczyniających się do złamań płytek wzrostowych należą:4142
- Siły ścinające – połączenie między płytką nasadową a przynasadą jest szczególnie podatne na uszkodzenia, zwłaszcza przez siły ścinające
- Siły skręcające – aktywności wymagające skręcania lub sił rotacyjnych mogą powodować nadmierne obciążenie płytki wzrostowej
- Siły kompresyjne – złamania typu V (zmiażdżeniowe) wynikają z działania sił zgniatających płytkę wzrostową
- Gwałtowny wzrost – podczas szybkich faz wzrostu kość wydłuża się, zanim mięśnie, ścięgna i więzadła będą w stanie odpowiednio się rozciągnąć, co może prowadzić do urazów przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu koordynacji
Warto podkreślić, że więzadła są około 300% silniejsze niż okolica płytki wzrostowej u dziecka w fazie Tannera 3 (okres maksymalnego wzrostu), co tłumaczy zwiększoną podatność na złamania płytek wzrostowych w tym okresie.45
Konsekwencje złamań płytek wzrostowych
Potencjalne konsekwencje złamań płytek wzrostowych są istotnym powodem, dla którego wymagają one szczególnej uwagi medycznej:4647
Zatrzymanie wzrostu i deformacje
Najpoważniejszą potencjalną konsekwencją złamania płytki wzrostowej jest zaburzenie wzrostu kości, które może prowadzić do:4849
- Zatrzymania wzrostu (growth arrest) – stan, w którym kość przestaje rosnąć po urazie płytki wzrostowej
- Nierówności długości kończyn – jedna kończyna może być krótsza od drugiej, co może prowadzić do dalszych problemów, takich jak ból biodra, urazy dolnej części pleców i możliwy przewlekły ból
- Deformacji kątowych – kość może rosnąć pod nieprawidłowym kątem, powodując deformacje kończyny
- Przyspieszenia wzrostu – paradoksalnie, w niektórych przypadkach złamanie płytki wzrostowej może powodować przyspieszenie wzrostu kości, co również prowadzi do nierówności kończyn
- Tworzenia się grzbietu wzdłuż linii złamania – może to zakłócać normalny rozwój kości i powodować jej krzywienie się
Ryzyko zaburzeń wzrostu zależy od kilku czynników:5354
- Wiek pacjenta – młodsi pacjenci mogą być bardziej narażeni na powikłania wzrostowe
- Zaangażowana kość – różne kości mogą mieć różne implikacje dla wzrostu, co wpływa na proces gojenia
- Konkretny wzór złamania – złożoność i charakter złamania znacząco wpływają na potencjalne problemy wzrostowe
- Stopień przemieszczenia – jak bardzo kość jest nieprawidłowo ustawiona może wpływać na ryzyko przyszłych problemów wzrostowych
- Ilość energii urazu – im większa energia urazu powodującego złamanie, tym większe prawdopodobieństwo zatrzymania wzrostu kości
Wpływ lokalizacji złamań na rokowanie
Lokalizacja złamania płytki wzrostowej ma istotny wpływ na potencjalne długoterminowe konsekwencje:56
- Złamania płytek wzrostowych w obrębie bliższej części piszczeli (górna część kości piszczelowej) i dalszej części kości udowej (dolna część kości udowej) są najbardziej narażone na zatrzymanie wzrostu lub deformację
- Złamania płytek wzrostowych w obrębie kolan są szczególnie problematyczne ze względu na dodatkowe uszkodzenia nerwów i naczyń krwionośnych w tym obszarze
- Złamania płytek wzrostowych w obrębie nadgarstka i palców zwykle mają lepsze rokowanie, chociaż nadal mogą prowadzić do problemów wzrostowych
Inne potencjalne konsekwencje
Oprócz bezpośrednich zaburzeń wzrostu, złamania płytek wzrostowych mogą prowadzić do:5859
- Nieprawidłowości stawowych – kiedy dwie kości tworzące staw nie układają się prawidłowo
- Wczesnego rozwoju zapalenia stawów – jeśli staw jest zaangażowany, może zostać trwale uszkodzony, co prowadzi do zapalenia stawów
- Sztywności stawów – ograniczenie ruchomości stawu po złamaniu płytki wzrostowej
- Infekcji – jeśli kość przebija skórę, istnieje ryzyko infekcji, która może dodatkowo uszkodzić płytkę wzrostową
Warto podkreślić, że większość złamań płytek wzrostowych goi się bez długoterminowych komplikacji, zwłaszcza przy odpowiednim leczeniu. Jednakże, regularne kontrole lekarskie przez kilka lat po złamaniu są niezbędne, aby monitorować wzrost kości i wcześnie wykryć potencjalne problemy.6162
Podsumowanie etiologii złamań płytek wzrostowych
Złamania płytek wzrostowych są specyficznymi urazami pediatrycznymi, które wymagają szczególnej uwagi ze względu na potencjalny wpływ na przyszły wzrost kości.63 Etiologia tych złamań jest wieloczynnikowa i obejmuje:64
- Urazy jednorazowe (upadki, uderzenia, wypadki)
- Urazy przeciążeniowe (powtarzalne mikrourazy podczas aktywności sportowej)
- Czynniki anatomiczne (naturalna słabość płytek wzrostowych w porównaniu z otaczającymi tkankami)
- Czynniki związane z wiekiem i płcią (większa częstość u chłopców i w okresie dojrzewania)
- Czynniki patologiczne (zaniedbanie, choroby, wpływ leków i czynników genetycznych)
Zrozumienie złożonej etiologii złamań płytek wzrostowych jest kluczowe dla odpowiedniej profilaktyki, wczesnego rozpoznania i skutecznego leczenia, które może zapobiec długoterminowym komplikacjom wzrostowym i funkcjonalnym.6768
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Materiały źródłowe
- #1 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOShttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/
The bones of children and adults share many of the same risks for injury. But because they are still growing, a child’s bones are also subject to a unique injury called a growth plate fracture. […] Because the growth plate helps determine the future length and shape of the mature bone, this type of fracture usually requires prompt attention. If not treated properly, it could result in a limb that is crooked or unequal in length when compared to its opposite limb. […] Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. Growth plate fractures often occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. Many growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #2 Growth Plate Fractures | Dayton Children’s Hospitalhttps://www.childrensdayton.org/kidshealth/a/growth-plate-injuries
Most growth plate fractures happen from falling or twisting. Contact sports (like football or basketball) or fast-moving activities (like skiing, skateboarding, sledding, or biking) are common causes. […] However, sometimes changes in the growth plate from the fracture can cause problems later. For example, the bone could end up a little crooked or slightly longer or shorter than expected. If the bone does not grow normally, surgery or other treatments may be needed.
- #3 Growth Plate Injuries in the Foot, Hip & More | NIAMShttps://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries
The growth plates are weak areas of your childs growing skeleton. Because they are even weaker than the nearby ligaments and tendons that connect bones to other bones and muscles, growth plates are vulnerable to injury. Injuries to the growth plate (fractures) can result from a single traumatic event, such as a fall or automobile accident, or from chronic stress and overuse. […] Growth plate injuries can happen for many reasons. A sudden accident can cause growth plate injuries. For example, your child may experience trauma to the limb from a blow or falling down, or they may experience such injuries from competitive sports or recreational activities. […] Sometimes, growth plate injuries happen when your child overuses a certain part of the body. Young children who specialize in a sport or activity and spend long hours training can overuse a specific limb or area of their bodies, causing growth plate injuries.
- #4 Mayo Clinic Health Library – Growth plate fractures | Swiss Medical Networkhttps://www.swissmedical.net/fr/healtcare-library/con-20164401
Growth plate fractures often are caused by a fall or a blow to the limb, as might occur in: […] Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing.
- #5 Expert Care for Growth Plate Fractures | Coastline Orthopaedichttps://coastlineortho.com/growth-plate-fracture/
Growth plate fractures are typically caused by trauma, such as: […] Direct blows or impacts to the bone. […] Falls or accidents during sports, play, or other activities. […] Overuse injuries in athletes participating in repetitive, high-impact sports.
- #6 Growth Plate Fractures | Boston Children’s Hospitalhttps://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions/growth-plate-fractures
A growth plate fracture is a break in the bone that goes through the growth plate. […] Growth plate fractures happen the way any fracture can happen, most commonly through sports or playground accidents.
- #7 Growth Plate Fractures: A Guide for Parents – Advanced Orthopaedics Associates, P.A.https://www.aoaortho.com/growth-plate-fractures-a-guide-for-parents/
Growth plate fractures, also known as physeal fractures, are injuries that occur in the growing bones of children and adolescents. […] Growth plate fractures can occur in various ways, either through a sudden injury or as a result of repetitive stress over time. Common causes include falls, sports-related injuries, and accidents. […] Several factors can contribute to the occurrence of growth plate fractures. One of the primary causes is trauma, such as a fall or direct blow to the affected area. Sports activities that involve high-impact movements, such as football or gymnastics, also increase the risk of growth plate fractures. […] Age is a significant factor, with growth plates being more vulnerable before they close and harden during adolescence. Additionally, children who are overweight or obese may experience increased stress on their bones, making them more prone to fractures.
- #8 Growth Plate Injuries – Ohio – Pediatric Orthopaedics – Fractureshttps://orthozane.com/specialties/pediatric-orthopaedics/growth-plate-injuries/
Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. One-third of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. About 20% of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #9 What You Should Know About Growth Plate Injurieshttps://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-you-should-know-about-growth-plate-injuries
When those growth plates become damaged through a sports-related injury or accident, they not only can be painful but also can affect how well and how long your childs arms, legs, hands and feet grow. […] Growth plate injuries happen in a similar fashion to broken bones. They can be caused by: […] About 30% of growth plate injuries are from playing contact sports, such as football, soccer and basketball, Dr. Ballock says. Another 20% are due to recreational activities, such as skateboarding and skiing. The remaining 50% are from general accidents. […] Little League shoulder is one example. Chronic stress on the shoulder from too much ball-throwing causes microdamage to the growth plate. Pain and swelling result. Similar damage can occur in gymnasts wrists as well as the body of any young athlete involved in repetitive training. […] When a limb becomes stressed in some way, it breaks wherever its weakest, Dr. Ballock says. Cartilage is weaker than bone, so in children, injuries can be more common in the growth plate.
- #10 Growth plate fractures – Orthopaedic Institute | Northwell Healthhttps://www.northwell.edu/orthopaedic-institute/find-care/conditions/growth-plate-fractures
Growth plates are involved in approximately 15 percent of all fractures that occur in children, often as a result of falls and injuries to the limbs. […] Growth plate fractures are most common in the fingers, forearms, lower legs and wrists. These are some of the most common growth plate fracture causes: basketball, dancing, football, gymnastics, running and other sports; biking, skiing, skateboarding, sledding and other recreational pursuits; car accidents; overuse (common in children who train for sports).
- #11 Growth Plate Fractureshttps://www.prairie-ortho.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures/?bp=30469
The seriousness of growth plate fractures lies, in large part, to the fact that if a growth plate fracture is not treated properly and promptly the affected limb could grow crooked or to an unequal length as its opposing side. […] So, what causes a growth plate fracture? Well, it can be caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident, or occur much more gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone this is often seen when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. One-third of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. About 20% of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #12 Growth Plate Injuries – Ohio – Pediatric Orthopaedics – Fractureshttps://orthozane.com/specialties/pediatric-orthopaedics/growth-plate-injuries/
Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. One-third of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. About 20% of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #13 Growth Plate Injury | Texas Children’shttps://www.texaschildrens.org/content/conditions/growth-plate-injury
Growth plate injuries tend to occur around the wrist, fingers, knees, or in the ankles, foot or hip bones. These injuries occur almost twice as often in boys than in girls. […] Most growth plate injuries are caused by a sudden accident, such as falling or being hit hard. Many occur during competitive sports, such as football, or recreational activities, such as skateboarding. Some children get injuries from overuse including gymnasts, long-distance runners and baseball pitchers. […] Growth plate fractures are classified depending on the degree of damage to the growth plate itself. […] Type V Fractures: These fractures occur due to a crushing injury to the growth plate from a compression force. They are rare fractures. […] Most growth plate fractures do not cause any lasting problems. Occasionally, the bone stops growing and ends up shorter than the other limb. Additional surgery may be required remedy this problem.
- #14 Growth Plate Fractures â Kidshealth | Akron Children’shttps://www.akronchildrens.org/kidshealth/en/parents/growth-plate-injuries.html
Growth plate fractures happen most often in the bones of the fingers, forearm, and lower leg. […] Most growth plate fractures happen from falling or twisting. Contact sports (like football or basketball) or fast-moving activities (like skiing, skateboarding, sledding, or biking) are common causes. Growth plate fractures also can happen from repetitive activities, like training for gymnastics or pitching a baseball. […] Most growth plate fractures heal and do not affect future bone growth. However, sometimes changes in the growth plate from the fracture can cause problems later.
- #15 Quick Facts:Growth Plate Fractures – Merck Manual Consumer Versionhttps://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/growth-plate-fractures
A growth plate fracture is a break through or across a growth plate. […] Growth plate fractures happen from strong force, such as a fall or car crash. […] Stress on your bones from repetitive motions can also cause growth plate fractures. […] Children who do gymnastics, baseball pitching, or long-distance running are more likely to get growth plate fractures.
- #16 Growth Plate Fractures – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Versionhttps://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/growth-plate-fractures
Growth plate fractures may result from: […] Being in an accident such as a fall or car crash […] Putting repeated stress on bones. […] Bones may be stressed by repeating the same motion over and over, as when children or adolescents train as gymnasts, pitchers, or long-distance runners. […] Because cartilage is more fragile than bone, growth plates are particularly vulnerable to fracture. […] When a growth plate is fractured, the bone may stop growing or grow crookedly. […] If a joint is involved, it may be permanently damaged, resulting in arthritis.
- #17 Growth Plate Injuries | Children’s Hospital Coloradohttps://www.childrenscolorado.org/conditions-and-advice/sports-articles/sports-injuries/growth-plate-injuries/
Growth plates are structurally weaker than the rest of the bone, says Dr. Armento. […] Growth plate injuries come in many kinds. Theyâre particularly likely to occur in the knee, shoulder, wrist and foot. […] Some growth plate injuries are acute, or sudden like a fracture after a collision or a hard hit but many more are chronic, meaning the growth plate gets inflamed over time. Inflammation of a growth plate where a tendon inserts at the bone is called apophysitis. […] Theyâre generally known as overuse injuries resulting from repetitive movements like pitching or swinging a racket. Little League elbow is a classic example. […] If you do feel the telltale inflammation and joint pain of a chronic growth plate injury, get it checked out preferably by a pediatric sports medicine specialist like the ones at Childrens Colorados Sports Medicine Center, who will know how to diagnose and treat growth plate injuries. […] That’s especially important for acute growth plate injuries like fractures, which can affect the way the bone grows over time.
- #18 Growth plate injuries –https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/growth-plate-injuries/
During rapid growth phases, bone lengthens before muscles, tendons, and ligaments are able to stretch correspondingly and before the musculotendinous complex develops the necessary strength and coordination to control the newly lengthened bone. This may lead to muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries, or to a reduction in coordination. […] The ligaments are 300% stronger than the epiphyseal area in a Tanner Stage 3 child (period of maximum growth). It is this weak area that is prone to injury in active children and adolescents. […] Many of these injuries occur around growth plates and are called osteochondrosis (an umbrella description for a group of problems that affect the childâs growing skeleton.) […] Little League Shoulder is an overuse injury that causes the growth plate at the top of the arm bone or humerus to distort.
- #19 Growth Plate Fractures | Rady Children’s Hospitalhttps://www.rchsd.org/health-article/growth-plate-fractures/
Growth plate fractures happen most often in the bones of the fingers, forearm, and lower leg. […] Most growth plate fractures happen from falling or twisting. Contact sports (like football or basketball) or fast-moving activities (like skiing, skateboarding, sledding, or biking) are common causes. Growth plate fractures also can happen from repetitive activities, like training for gymnastics or pitching a baseball. […] However, sometimes changes in the growth plate from the fracture can cause problems later.
- #20 What You Should Know About Growth Plate Injurieshttps://health.clevelandclinic.org/what-you-should-know-about-growth-plate-injuries
When those growth plates become damaged through a sports-related injury or accident, they not only can be painful but also can affect how well and how long your childs arms, legs, hands and feet grow. […] Growth plate injuries happen in a similar fashion to broken bones. They can be caused by: […] About 30% of growth plate injuries are from playing contact sports, such as football, soccer and basketball, Dr. Ballock says. Another 20% are due to recreational activities, such as skateboarding and skiing. The remaining 50% are from general accidents. […] Little League shoulder is one example. Chronic stress on the shoulder from too much ball-throwing causes microdamage to the growth plate. Pain and swelling result. Similar damage can occur in gymnasts wrists as well as the body of any young athlete involved in repetitive training. […] When a limb becomes stressed in some way, it breaks wherever its weakest, Dr. Ballock says. Cartilage is weaker than bone, so in children, injuries can be more common in the growth plate.
- #21 GROWTH PLATE FRACTURES — Champion Performance & Physical Therapyhttp://www.kcchampionperformance.com/news/2016/4/4/growth-plate-fractures
The bones of children and adults share many of the same risks for injury. But because they are still growing, a child’s bones are also subject to a unique injury called a growth plate fracture. Growth plates are areas of cartilage located near the ends of bones. Because they are the last portion of a child’s bones to harden (ossify), growth plates are particularly vulnerable to fracture. […] Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. One-third of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. About 20% of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #22 Growth Plate Injuries – Ohio – Pediatric Orthopaedics – Fractureshttps://orthozane.com/specialties/pediatric-orthopaedics/growth-plate-injuries/
Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. One-third of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. About 20% of all growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #23 Growth Plate Fractures in Kids| We specialize in these Fractureshttps://medicalcitykidsortho.com/growth-plate-injuries-and-fractures/
Sports participation is a common cause of growth plate injuries brought on by repeated action and misuse. […] A growth plate injury, also known as a physeal fracture, occurs when there is damage to the growth plate, which is a cartilaginous area near the end of a childâs long bones. Growth plates are responsible for bone growth and elongation during childhood and adolescence. These injuries typically happen due to trauma or an accident, such as a fall or sports-related injury, where the force applied to the bone is concentrated at the growth plate. […] Growth plate fractures frequently result from a single incident, such as a fall or auto collision. As a result of recurrent stress on the bone, which can happen when a youngster overtrains in a sport, they can also develop gradually. […] Boys get growth plate fractures twice as frequently as females do because girls reach their full height earlier than boys.
- #24 Growth Plate Fractures: Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17969-growth-plate-fractures
Growth plate fractures are cracks in a childs growth plate the special section of cartilage at the ends of their long bones. They only affect kids and teens because growth plates harden into regular bone when a child is done growing. […] Sudden traumas are the most common causes of growth plate fractures, including falls, car accidents, and sports injuries. Overtraining or specializing too soon in one sport can put repetitive stress on a childs growth plates and lead to a fracture. […] Any child can experience a growth plate fracture, but some are more likely than others, including teens (most growth plate fractures affect teenagers), boys (boys are twice as likely to experience a growth plate fracture as girls), and athletes, especially kids who play sports that require lots of jumping like basketball, gymnastics, skiing or volleyball.
- #25 Growth Plate Fractures: Understanding Risks and Treatment in Childrenhttps://www.cast21.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures
Given its delicate nature, the growth plate is vulnerable to fractures. […] A growth plate fracture refers to a type of injury that occurs in the area of cartilage at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. […] When a fracture happens in this region, it can disrupt the normal growth process. Growth plate fractures are common in children due to their developing skeletal systems. […] Trauma: Accidents, falls, or direct blows to the affected area can result in growth plate fractures. These can occur during sports, play, or other physical activities. […] Repetitive stress: Overuse or repetitive stress on the bones can contribute to growth plate fractures. This is often seen in sports or activities that involve repetitive motions or high-impact movements. […] Excessive strain: Certain sports or activities place excessive strain on the bones, increasing the risk of growth plate fractures. This can happen in activities such as gymnastics, weightlifting, or long-distance running.
- #26 Distal radial physeal fractures – Emergency Departmenthttps://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/fractures/distal_radial_physeal_fractures_emergency_department_setting/
The peak age for injury to the growth plate is in the pre-adolescent growth spurt. The Salter-Harris type II fracture is the most common type. Distal radial physeal fractures are uncommon in children younger than five years. […] The most common mechanism of injury is a fall on an outstretched hand. Extension of the wrist at the time of injury causes the distal fragment to be displaced dorsally. […] The risk of physeal arrest is rare in young children but the risk is higher if the child is near the end of growth. Salter-Harris type I and II injuries rarely lead to growth problems. The risk of growth arrest is higher in Salter-Harris type III, IV and V.
- #27 Growth Plate Injuries London, UK | Growth Plate Fractures Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshirehttps://www.paediatricorthopaedic.co.uk/growth-plate-injuries-paediatric-trauma-orthopaedic-surgeon-bedford-luton-harrow/
Growth plate injuries are caused by accidental falls or blows to the limbs during sports activities such as gymnastics, baseball, or running. They may also result from overuse of tendons and certain bone disorders such as infection that can affect the normal growth and development of the bone. The other possible causes which can lead to growth plate injuries are: […] Growth plate fractures are one of the most common fractures that occur in abused or neglected children. […] Extremely cold climatic conditions can cause damage to the growth plates resulting in short fingers and destruction of the joint cartilage. […] Chemotherapy to treat cancer in children and continuous use of steroids for arthritis may affect bone growth. […] Children with disorders of the nerves may have sensory deficits and muscular imbalances that can cause them to lose their balance and fall. […] Gene mutations may result in poorly formed or malfunctioning growth plates which are vulnerable to fracture. […] Diseases such as kidney failure and hormonal disturbances affect the proper functioning of the growth plates and increase susceptibility to fractures.
- #28 Growth Plate Injuries Waxahachie | Growth Plate Fractures Midlothian, Red Oakhttps://www.freudigmanortho.com/growth-plate-injuries-specialist-waxahachie-midlothian-red-oak/
Growth plate injuries are caused by accidental falls or blows to the limbs during sports activities such as gymnastics, baseball, or running. They may also result from overuse of tendons and certain bone disorders such as infection that can affect the normal growth and development of the bone. The other possible causes which can lead to growth plate injuries are : […] Growth plate fractures are one of the most common fractures that occur in abused or neglected children. […] Extremely cold climatic conditions can cause damage to the growth plates resulting in short fingers and destruction of the joint cartilage. […] Chemotherapy to treat cancer in children and continuous use of steroids for arthritis may affect bone growth. […] Children with disorders of the nerves may have sensory deficits and muscular imbalances that can cause them to lose their balance and fall. […] Gene mutations may result in poorly formed or malfunctioning growth plates which are vulnerable to fracture. […] Diseases such as kidney failure and hormonal disturbances affect the proper functioning of the growth plates and increase susceptibility to fractures.
- #29 Growth Plate Injuries Video | Medical Video Libraryhttps://www.ypo.education/orthopaedics/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries-t131/video/
Growth plate injuries are caused by accidental falls or blows to the limbs during sports activities such as gymnastics, baseball, or running. […] The other possible causes which can lead to growth plate injuries are: Child abuse or neglect Growth plate fractures are one of the most common fractures that occur in abused or neglected children. […] Exposure to intense cold (frostbite) Extremely cold climatic conditions can cause damage to the growth plates resulting in short fingers and destruction of the joint cartilage. […] Chemotherapy and medications Chemotherapy to treat cancer in children and continuous use of steroids for arthritis may affect bone growth. […] Nervous system disorders Children with disorders of the nerves may have sensory deficits and muscular imbalances that can cause them to lose their balance and fall.
- #30 Growth Plate Injuries Video | Medical Video Libraryhttps://www.ypo.education/orthopaedics/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries-t131/video/
Genetic disorders Gene mutations may result in poorly formed or malfunctioning growth plates which are vulnerable to fracture. […] Metabolic diseases Diseases such as kidney failure and hormonal disturbances affect the proper functioning of the growth plates and increase susceptibility to fractures.
- #31 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp
A broken bone (fracture) in a child or adolescent must be scrutinized. Unlike adults, whose growth plates are closed, a child or adolescent is at risk for a fracture through the growth plate. […] Fractures often occur through the growth plate. The physis consists of calcified and uncalcified cartilage. Fractures frequently occur at the junction of these two types of cartilage where the structural matrix of uncalcified cartilage is weaker and less resistant to stresses and strains than the calcified cartilage. […] Growth plate fractures occur when a bone breaks. The growth plate is where new bone develops, so injury to this area can cause the plate to close prematurely and stop bone growth. This may cause a skeletal deformity if not treated properly initially and not monitored long after the fractured bone has healed.
- #32 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp
A broken bone (fracture) in a child or adolescent must be scrutinized. Unlike adults, whose growth plates are closed, a child or adolescent is at risk for a fracture through the growth plate. […] Fractures often occur through the growth plate. The physis consists of calcified and uncalcified cartilage. Fractures frequently occur at the junction of these two types of cartilage where the structural matrix of uncalcified cartilage is weaker and less resistant to stresses and strains than the calcified cartilage. […] Growth plate fractures occur when a bone breaks. The growth plate is where new bone develops, so injury to this area can cause the plate to close prematurely and stop bone growth. This may cause a skeletal deformity if not treated properly initially and not monitored long after the fractured bone has healed.
- #33 Growth Plate Fracture | Pediatric Podiatrist Houstonhttps://www.tanglewoodfootspecialists.com/library/growth-plate-fracture-pediatric-podiatrist-houston.cfm
During the growing years, these plates are vulnerable to injury because they are so soft. […] While any injury could cause damage to this delicate tissue, the most common causes are playground falls and sports-related injuries. […] Additionally, children who play competitive sports are more vulnerable to growth plate fractures. […] In some cases, growth plate injuries are caused by repetitive use, although that will more often result in inflammation than in a fracture. […] If not treated properly, any injury to your child’s growth plate could affect the angle at which bones grow, along with overall height. […] Luckily, with early diagnosis and treatment, we can usually prevent these outcomes.
- #34 Pediatric Physeal (Growth Plate) Fractures – Injuries; Poisoning – MSD Manual Professional Editionhttps://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/fractures/pediatric-physeal-growth-plate-fractures
Bone grows as tissue is added at the physeal disk (growth plate), which is bordered by the metaphysis proximally and the epiphysis distally. […] Before closure, the growth plate is the most fragile part of the bone and is therefore frequently disrupted when force is applied. […] Growth plate fractures may extend into the metaphysis and/or epiphysis; the different types are classified by the Salter-Harris system. […] Risk of impaired growth increases as fractures progress from type I through type V. […] Children with injuries that involve the epiphysis as well as the growth plate (Salter-Harris types III and IV) or that compress the growth plate (Salter-Harris type V) tend to have a worse prognosis. […] Because the growth plate is more fragile in children, it is often disrupted before other stabilizing structures (eg, major ligaments). […] The prognosis tends to be worse for children with Salter-Harris types III, IV, and V than for those with types I and II. […] Patients with type V injuries should be referred to a pediatric orthopedist because such injuries almost always lead to growth abnormalities.
- #35https://www.orthopedics-sportsmedicine.com/proximal-humerus-growth-plate-fracture/
A growth plate fracture is usually caused due to a fall or impact on the arm or shoulder. […] But in some cases, it may also occur because of overuse of the joint. Long bones such as the humerus typically grow from the ends. At each end there is a growth plate, which is the final part of the bone that hardens from cartilage. That makes it a more vulnerable area to injury. […] Growth plate fractures most often occur in children and adolescents, and rarely in adults. The ligaments and other soft tissues surrounding the joint are stronger in a child than the soft bone is. In adults, on the other hand, the soft tissue is more susceptible to injury.
- #36 Pediatric Growth Plate Injuries | University Foot & Ankle Institutehttps://www.footankleinstitute.com/conditions/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries
Pediatric growth plate injuries are a common concern among children and adolescents, particularly those involved in sports and physical activities. The growth plates, also known as epiphyseal plates, are areas of developing cartilage located at the ends of long bones. These plates determine the future length and shape of the bone. Since they are softer than mature bone, they are more vulnerable to fractures and injuries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of growth plate injuries are essential to prevent long-term complications, such as uneven limb growth or joint issues. […] Growth plate injuries occur when the cartilage in a childâs developing bones is damaged due to trauma or overuse. These injuries are classified based on their severity and location using the Salter-Harris classification system: Type I â A break through the growth plate without affecting bone. Type II â A fracture that extends through the growth plate and into the bone shaft. Type III â A fracture through the growth plate and into the joint surface. Type IV â A fracture that crosses the growth plate, affecting both the bone shaft and joint surface. Type V â A crush injury to the growth plate, which can severely impact bone growth.
- #37 Growth Plate Fractures in Kids| We specialize in these Fractureshttps://medicalcitykidsortho.com/growth-plate-injuries-and-fractures/
To prevent it from impeding normal bone growth, a growth plate fracture needs treatment that is very carefully and expertly implemented. The severity of the growth plate and connected bone fracture will determine the appropriate course of treatment. […] The Salter-Harris classification system is a widely recognized method used to categorize growth plate fractures, crucial in pediatric orthopedics. This system helps healthcare professionals understand the severity and implications of each fracture type.
- #38 Pediatric Growth Plate Injuries | University Foot & Ankle Institutehttps://www.footankleinstitute.com/conditions/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries
Pediatric growth plate injuries are a common concern among children and adolescents, particularly those involved in sports and physical activities. The growth plates, also known as epiphyseal plates, are areas of developing cartilage located at the ends of long bones. These plates determine the future length and shape of the bone. Since they are softer than mature bone, they are more vulnerable to fractures and injuries. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of growth plate injuries are essential to prevent long-term complications, such as uneven limb growth or joint issues. […] Growth plate injuries occur when the cartilage in a childâs developing bones is damaged due to trauma or overuse. These injuries are classified based on their severity and location using the Salter-Harris classification system: Type I â A break through the growth plate without affecting bone. Type II â A fracture that extends through the growth plate and into the bone shaft. Type III â A fracture through the growth plate and into the joint surface. Type IV â A fracture that crosses the growth plate, affecting both the bone shaft and joint surface. Type V â A crush injury to the growth plate, which can severely impact bone growth.
- #39 How are growth plate injuries treated? – Health Channelhttps://allhealthtv.com/how-are-growth-plate-injuries-treated
Up to one-third of all fractures in children and adolescents involve a growth plate. […] Most growth plate injuries are caused by a blow or twist of a limb. Accidents during recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding are responsible for a large percentage of growth plate fractures. They can also occur from repetitive stress or overuse. For example, a young baseball pitcher with poor throwing mechanics risks the development of a growth plate injury to the shoulder or elbow. […] The Salter-Harris classification system defines five basic types of growth plate fractures. These range from the least severe (Type 1) that affects only the growth plate itself to the more severe types (Types 2 through 4) that involve both the growth plate and a segment of adjacent bone. The most severe (and least common) growth plate injury is the Type 5 fracture that occurs when the growth plate is compressed or crushed.
- #40 Pediatric Physeal (Growth Plate) Fractures – Injuries; Poisoning – MSD Manual Professional Editionhttps://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/fractures/pediatric-physeal-growth-plate-fractures
Bone grows as tissue is added at the physeal disk (growth plate), which is bordered by the metaphysis proximally and the epiphysis distally. […] Before closure, the growth plate is the most fragile part of the bone and is therefore frequently disrupted when force is applied. […] Growth plate fractures may extend into the metaphysis and/or epiphysis; the different types are classified by the Salter-Harris system. […] Risk of impaired growth increases as fractures progress from type I through type V. […] Children with injuries that involve the epiphysis as well as the growth plate (Salter-Harris types III and IV) or that compress the growth plate (Salter-Harris type V) tend to have a worse prognosis. […] Because the growth plate is more fragile in children, it is often disrupted before other stabilizing structures (eg, major ligaments). […] The prognosis tends to be worse for children with Salter-Harris types III, IV, and V than for those with types I and II. […] Patients with type V injuries should be referred to a pediatric orthopedist because such injuries almost always lead to growth abnormalities.
- #41 Growth Plate Fractures: Understanding Risks and Treatment in Childrenhttps://www.cast21.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures
Given its delicate nature, the growth plate is vulnerable to fractures. […] A growth plate fracture refers to a type of injury that occurs in the area of cartilage at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents. […] When a fracture happens in this region, it can disrupt the normal growth process. Growth plate fractures are common in children due to their developing skeletal systems. […] Trauma: Accidents, falls, or direct blows to the affected area can result in growth plate fractures. These can occur during sports, play, or other physical activities. […] Repetitive stress: Overuse or repetitive stress on the bones can contribute to growth plate fractures. This is often seen in sports or activities that involve repetitive motions or high-impact movements. […] Excessive strain: Certain sports or activities place excessive strain on the bones, increasing the risk of growth plate fractures. This can happen in activities such as gymnastics, weightlifting, or long-distance running.
- #42 Growth Plate Fractures in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatmenthttps://www.doctorshubnepal.com/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures
Growth plate fractures can occur due to various causes, typically involving trauma or stress to the bone. Here are the common causes: […] Direct Trauma: Sudden impacts or falls, such as those from sports injuries or accidents, can directly affect the growth plate. […] Twisting Injuries: Activities that involve twisting or rotational forces can place undue stress on the growth plate. […] Repetitive Stress: Activities involving repetitive stress or overuse, such as certain sports, can lead to stress fractures in the growth plate. […] Accidental Falls: Simple falls or tumbles, especially those that impact the limbs, can result in growth plate fractures. […] Sports Injuries: Contact sports or those involving sudden stops and changes in direction can increase the risk of growth plate injuries.
- #43 Growth plate injuries –https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/growth-plate-injuries/
During rapid growth phases, bone lengthens before muscles, tendons, and ligaments are able to stretch correspondingly and before the musculotendinous complex develops the necessary strength and coordination to control the newly lengthened bone. This may lead to muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries, or to a reduction in coordination. […] The ligaments are 300% stronger than the epiphyseal area in a Tanner Stage 3 child (period of maximum growth). It is this weak area that is prone to injury in active children and adolescents. […] Many of these injuries occur around growth plates and are called osteochondrosis (an umbrella description for a group of problems that affect the childâs growing skeleton.) […] Little League Shoulder is an overuse injury that causes the growth plate at the top of the arm bone or humerus to distort.
- #44 Growth plate stress fractures in teenage climbers – The British Mountaineering Councilhttps://thebmc.co.uk/en/growth-plate-stress-fractures-in-teenage-climbers
Teenage children who climb and train intensively are more at risk of epiphyseal (growth plate) stress fractures of the finger. […] The guide available below aims to assist parents and coaches in identifying and avoiding the primary causes of growth plate stress fractures and provide advice for medical professionals on the treatment of such injuries. […] Growth plate stress fractures most commonly occur in teenage climbers at the time of the pubertal growth spurt, often around the timing of breast growth for girls and pubic hair in boys. […] The bone grows from the growth plate and is weakest at this point. Growth plates are significantly weaker than the surrounding tendons and ligaments and so are at increased risk of injury from any activity which loads the finger.
- #45 Growth plate injuries –https://caringmedical.com/prolotherapy-news/growth-plate-injuries/
During rapid growth phases, bone lengthens before muscles, tendons, and ligaments are able to stretch correspondingly and before the musculotendinous complex develops the necessary strength and coordination to control the newly lengthened bone. This may lead to muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries, or to a reduction in coordination. […] The ligaments are 300% stronger than the epiphyseal area in a Tanner Stage 3 child (period of maximum growth). It is this weak area that is prone to injury in active children and adolescents. […] Many of these injuries occur around growth plates and are called osteochondrosis (an umbrella description for a group of problems that affect the childâs growing skeleton.) […] Little League Shoulder is an overuse injury that causes the growth plate at the top of the arm bone or humerus to distort.
- #46 Growth Plate Fractures – OrthoInfo – AAOShttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/growth-plate-fractures/
The bones of children and adults share many of the same risks for injury. But because they are still growing, a child’s bones are also subject to a unique injury called a growth plate fracture. […] Because the growth plate helps determine the future length and shape of the mature bone, this type of fracture usually requires prompt attention. If not treated properly, it could result in a limb that is crooked or unequal in length when compared to its opposite limb. […] Growth plate fractures are often caused by a single event, such as a fall or car accident. They can also occur gradually as a result of repetitive stress on the bone, which may occur when a child overtrains in a sports activity. […] All children who are still growing are at risk for growth plate injuries, but there are certain factors that may make them more likely to occur: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than boys. Growth plate fractures often occur during participation in competitive sports such as football, basketball, or gymnastics. Many growth plate fractures occur during participation in recreational activities such as biking, sledding, skiing, or skateboarding. The incidence of growth plate fractures peaks in adolescence.
- #47 Growth Plate Fractures: Symptoms & Treatmenthttps://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17969-growth-plate-fractures
Growth plate fractures are cracks in a childs growth plate the special section of cartilage at the ends of their long bones. They only affect kids and teens because growth plates harden into regular bone when a child is done growing. […] Sudden traumas are the most common causes of growth plate fractures, including falls, car accidents, and sports injuries. Overtraining or specializing too soon in one sport can put repetitive stress on a childs growth plates and lead to a fracture. […] Any child can experience a growth plate fracture, but some are more likely than others, including teens (most growth plate fractures affect teenagers), boys (boys are twice as likely to experience a growth plate fracture as girls), and athletes, especially kids who play sports that require lots of jumping like basketball, gymnastics, skiing or volleyball.
- #48 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp
Fractures of the growth plates in the proximal tibia (top of the shin bone) and distal femur (bottom of the thighbone) are the most likely to cause growth arrest or deformity. […] Growth plate fractures may have no long-term consequences, but they can sometimes cause limb length discrepancies, angular deformities, and/or joint incongruities (in which the two bones that form a joint do not line up properly). Whether such complications arise may depend on the level of energy associated with the injury that caused the break and/or the alignment of the fractured bone during the healing phase.
- #49 Growth Plate Fractures: Treatment, Surgery, Complications, and Morehttps://www.webmd.com/children/growth-plate-fracture
When you’re in the ER with your child because they broke a bone, you may hear the doctor say they need to check if it’s a „growth plate” fracture. […] Because the growth plates are soft, they’re easily injured. When that happens it’s called a „growth plate fracture.” […] One problem is something your child’s doctor may call „growth arrest.” This is when the injury causes their bone to stop growing. […] Your child’s likely to have one leg that is shorter than the other if their growth plates were damaged at their knee. […] Sometimes, a growth plate fracture can also cause the bone to grow more, but this has the same result: One limb ends up longer than the other. […] A less common problem is when a ridge develops along the fracture line. This can also interfere with the bone’s growth or cause it to curve. […] If the bone is sticking out of the skin, there’s also a chance of infection, which can damage the growth plate even more. […] Younger children are more likely to get complications because their bones still have a lot of growing to do.
- #50 Growth Plate Fractures: When a Broken Bone is Not Just a Break – GriffithLaw Injury Lawyersnifty-logohttps://www.griffithinjurylaw.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures.cfm
Growth plate fractures can happen in any number of ways from trauma. Sledding, skateboarding, skiing, wakeboarding, innertubing, sledding, biking, playing football, basketball, etc., any of these can cause a fracture of your childâs growth plate. […] These types of injuries can also occur from repetitive actions, such as training for gymnastics, pitching a baseball, and even riding a bike for long distances. […] Most of the time the bones heal without any issues, even if they occur in the growth plate. However, sometimes the break results in a crooked bone, or crooked healing, thereby causing future problems and unexpected long term damage. […] One issue you need to be aware of is a condition known as âGrowth Arrest.â This is when the bone simply stops growing. […] If your child has a growth plate fracture at his knee, he is likely to get growth arrest or even crooked legs due to the additional damage to nerves and blood vessels in that area.
- #51 Growth Plate Fractures: When a Broken Bone is Not Just a Break – GriffithLaw Injury Lawyersnifty-logohttps://www.griffithinjurylaw.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures.cfm
In some instances, a growth plate fracture causes the bone to accelerate growth, which has the same result⦠unequal limbs. There can also be development of a ridge along the fracture line which can interfere with normal bond development and cause it to âcurve.â […] If the bone was breaking through the skin and becomes infected, the greater the likelihood of complication of the growth plate fracture.
- #52 FAQ on Growth Plate Fractures by Todd Gaddie, MD, Orthopedic SurgeonMenuBack to topFacebookYouTubePinterestInstagramLinkedInhttps://orthonebraska.com/faq-about-growth-plate-fractures/
While adults and children are both susceptible to bone injuries, one of the most common fractures in children is a growth plate fracture. These cartilage discs are found toward the end of long bones (arms and legs) and are the last areas to harden into bone. They are most commonly found in the elbow area. Growth plate fractures can be caused by repetitive strain from sports activities or trauma caused from falls and other accidents. […] A level 5 fracture is often caused by an event that crushes the bone, including the growth plate. With this type of fracture growth arrest is more likely to occur, which can lead to slowed or prevented growth. […] Each time the growth plate is fractured, the risk for physis arrest rises. It is imperative to seek medical attention immediately and follow an orthopaedic surgeonâs treatment plan accordingly to prevent future injury.
- #53 Growth Plate Injuries in Children – Washington Orthopaedics & Sports Medicinehttps://www.wosm.com/blog/growth-plate-injuries-in-children/
Growth plate fractures are very common in children. Approximately 1530% of all childhood fractures occur through the growth plate. They are twice as likely to occur in boys as in girls. […] The most common locations for growth plate fractures are the wrist and elbow, followed by the ankle, knee, and hip. Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. Improper treatment can lead to crooked or shortened limbs. […] Fractures can occur from one traumatic event or from repetitive overuse. Traumatic events are wide ranged and include something as simple as falling off a bicycle to more extreme cases, like a car accident. […] Sometimes crush or high velocity injuries may result in early closure or fusion of a growth plate, which could lead to deformity and impaired function of the affected limb. The risk of growth problems is related to the amount of energy resulting in the fracture, the type of growth plate fracture, and the bone that is injured. The higher the energy that causes the fracture, the more likely the bone will stop growing.
- #54 Growth Plate Fractures in Kids| We specialize in these Fractureshttps://medicalcitykidsortho.com/growth-plate-injuries-and-fractures/
When taking part in competitive sports like football, basketball, or gymnastics, growth plate fractures frequently happen. […] Factors affecting the risk of growth problems from these fractures include: The patientâs age: Younger patients may face increased risks of growth complications. […] The bone involved: Different bones can have varying implications for growth, influencing recovery. […] Specific fracture pattern: The complexity and nature of the fracture significantly impact potential growth issues. […] Degree of displacement: How much the bone is out of alignment can affect the risk of future growth problems. […] The nature of the damage determines the treatment plan for growth plate injuries. Following an accident, therapy should begin as soon as feasible and often consists of one or more of the following.
- #55 Growth Plate Injuries in Children – Washington Orthopaedics & Sports Medicinehttps://www.wosm.com/blog/growth-plate-injuries-in-children/
Growth plate fractures are very common in children. Approximately 1530% of all childhood fractures occur through the growth plate. They are twice as likely to occur in boys as in girls. […] The most common locations for growth plate fractures are the wrist and elbow, followed by the ankle, knee, and hip. Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. Improper treatment can lead to crooked or shortened limbs. […] Fractures can occur from one traumatic event or from repetitive overuse. Traumatic events are wide ranged and include something as simple as falling off a bicycle to more extreme cases, like a car accident. […] Sometimes crush or high velocity injuries may result in early closure or fusion of a growth plate, which could lead to deformity and impaired function of the affected limb. The risk of growth problems is related to the amount of energy resulting in the fracture, the type of growth plate fracture, and the bone that is injured. The higher the energy that causes the fracture, the more likely the bone will stop growing.
- #56 Growth Plate Fractures in Children and Teenagers | HSShttps://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-fracture.asp
Fractures of the growth plates in the proximal tibia (top of the shin bone) and distal femur (bottom of the thighbone) are the most likely to cause growth arrest or deformity. […] Growth plate fractures may have no long-term consequences, but they can sometimes cause limb length discrepancies, angular deformities, and/or joint incongruities (in which the two bones that form a joint do not line up properly). Whether such complications arise may depend on the level of energy associated with the injury that caused the break and/or the alignment of the fractured bone during the healing phase.
- #57 Growth Plate Fractures: When a Broken Bone is Not Just a Break – GriffithLaw Injury Lawyersnifty-logohttps://www.griffithinjurylaw.com/blog/growth-plate-fractures.cfm
Growth plate fractures can happen in any number of ways from trauma. Sledding, skateboarding, skiing, wakeboarding, innertubing, sledding, biking, playing football, basketball, etc., any of these can cause a fracture of your childâs growth plate. […] These types of injuries can also occur from repetitive actions, such as training for gymnastics, pitching a baseball, and even riding a bike for long distances. […] Most of the time the bones heal without any issues, even if they occur in the growth plate. However, sometimes the break results in a crooked bone, or crooked healing, thereby causing future problems and unexpected long term damage. […] One issue you need to be aware of is a condition known as âGrowth Arrest.â This is when the bone simply stops growing. […] If your child has a growth plate fracture at his knee, he is likely to get growth arrest or even crooked legs due to the additional damage to nerves and blood vessels in that area.
- #58 Growth Plate Fractures – Injuries and Poisoning – Merck Manual Consumer Versionhttps://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/fractures/growth-plate-fractures
Growth plate fractures may result from: […] Being in an accident such as a fall or car crash […] Putting repeated stress on bones. […] Bones may be stressed by repeating the same motion over and over, as when children or adolescents train as gymnasts, pitchers, or long-distance runners. […] Because cartilage is more fragile than bone, growth plates are particularly vulnerable to fracture. […] When a growth plate is fractured, the bone may stop growing or grow crookedly. […] If a joint is involved, it may be permanently damaged, resulting in arthritis.
- #59 Pediatric Growth Plate Injuries | University Foot & Ankle Institutehttps://www.footankleinstitute.com/conditions/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries
Common causes of growth plate injuries include sports-related trauma â high-impact activities such as football, basketball, and gymnastics can put excessive stress on a childâs bones. Falls and accidents â growth plate injuries often occur due to falls from heights, playground accidents, or vehicle collisions. Overuse injuries â repetitive motions, such as running or jumping, can place excessive strain on growth plates, leading to micro-damage over time. Medical conditions â certain medical conditions like infections, metabolic disorders, or genetic factors can weaken growth plates and increase the risk of injury. […] Most children recover fully from growth plate injuries, but in some cases, complications such as growth disturbances, angular deformities, or joint stiffness may arise. Regular follow-ups with a podiatrist are essential to monitor healing and ensure proper bone development.
- #60 Growth Plate Fractures: Treatment, Surgery, Complications, and Morehttps://www.webmd.com/children/growth-plate-fracture
When you’re in the ER with your child because they broke a bone, you may hear the doctor say they need to check if it’s a „growth plate” fracture. […] Because the growth plates are soft, they’re easily injured. When that happens it’s called a „growth plate fracture.” […] One problem is something your child’s doctor may call „growth arrest.” This is when the injury causes their bone to stop growing. […] Your child’s likely to have one leg that is shorter than the other if their growth plates were damaged at their knee. […] Sometimes, a growth plate fracture can also cause the bone to grow more, but this has the same result: One limb ends up longer than the other. […] A less common problem is when a ridge develops along the fracture line. This can also interfere with the bone’s growth or cause it to curve. […] If the bone is sticking out of the skin, there’s also a chance of infection, which can damage the growth plate even more. […] Younger children are more likely to get complications because their bones still have a lot of growing to do.
- #61 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984
Treatment for growth plate fractures depends on the severity of the fracture. The least serious fractures usually require only a cast or a splint. If the fracture crosses the growth plate or goes into the joint and is not well-aligned, surgery may be necessary. Growth plates that are surgically realigned may have a better chance of recovering and growing again than do growth plates that are left in a poor position. […] At the time of injury, it’s difficult to tell if a growth plate has permanent damage. Your doctor may recommend checking X-rays for several years after the fracture to make sure the growth plate is growing appropriately. Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, your child may need follow-up visits until his or her bones have finished growing.
- #62 Growth Plate Fracture: How It Happens and How It’s Treatedhttps://www.healthline.com/health/fracture-of-growth-plate
Growth plate fractures are injuries to the soft connective tissue in the ends of long bones of children and teens. […] A growth plate fracture happens when an accident or overuse causes a break in the growth plate tissue. […] Injury or overuse can cause growth plate fractures. Common causes of growth plate fractures in children include falls, accidents while biking or doing other outdoor activities, car accidents, and sports injuries, including from gymnastics, dance, overtraining. […] Many growth plate fractures heal without long-term complications. However, it’s possible for growth plate fractures to impact future bone growth. […] Without treatment, severe fractures can affect bone growth and lead to complications, such as reduced growth and changes in limb formation.
- #63 Growth Plate Injuries > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicinehttps://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/growth-plate-injuries
Growth plate injuries can be caused by a trauma from a fall or injury from a competitive sport. […] Growth plate injuries account for approximately 15 to 30% of all fractures doctors treat in children and adolescents. […] If a growth plate injury doesn’t heal properly, it could result in a crooked arm, a leg that is shorter than the other, or another problem that could affect mobility throughout their life. […] Treatment will depend on the severity of the injury and the amount of damage it has caused to the growth plate.
- #64 Growth Plate Fractures in Kids| We specialize in these Fractureshttps://medicalcitykidsortho.com/growth-plate-injuries-and-fractures/
A growth plate fracture affects the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a childâs bones. Growth plates are the softest and weakest sections of the skeleton. […] Growth plates are tender regions of growing cartilage on the ends of a childâs bones. The growth plates, which help determine the length and form of the bone, are where the long bones in a childâs body develop rather than from the boneâs center outward. The growth plates are vulnerable to damage when a childâs bones are growing and developing. […] A childâs growth plate can fracture from any accident that would only result in a sprain for an adult. Fractures commonly occur in children when they experience a growth plate injury. In contrast, growth plates can also suffer from overuse and repetitive motion injuries, just like adults.
- #65 Pediatric Growth Plate Injuries | University Foot & Ankle Institutehttps://www.footankleinstitute.com/conditions/pediatric/growth-plate-injuries
Common causes of growth plate injuries include sports-related trauma â high-impact activities such as football, basketball, and gymnastics can put excessive stress on a childâs bones. Falls and accidents â growth plate injuries often occur due to falls from heights, playground accidents, or vehicle collisions. Overuse injuries â repetitive motions, such as running or jumping, can place excessive strain on growth plates, leading to micro-damage over time. Medical conditions â certain medical conditions like infections, metabolic disorders, or genetic factors can weaken growth plates and increase the risk of injury. […] Most children recover fully from growth plate injuries, but in some cases, complications such as growth disturbances, angular deformities, or joint stiffness may arise. Regular follow-ups with a podiatrist are essential to monitor healing and ensure proper bone development.
- #66 Growth Plate Fractures in Children: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatmenthttps://www.doctorshubnepal.com/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures
Several factors can increase a child’s risk of sustaining a growth plate fracture: […] Age: Younger children are more susceptible due to the softness of their growth plates. […] Activity Level: Highly active children, particularly those involved in high-impact sports, are at higher risk. […] Previous Injuries: Previous fractures or injuries in the same area can weaken the growth plate. […] Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D can affect bone health and increase fracture risk. […] Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions or bone disorders may predispose children to fractures.
- #67 Fractures: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatments | University of Utah Healthhttps://healthcare.utah.edu/orthopaedics/specialties/broken-bones-fractures
Growth plate fractures are injuries to small areas of tissue at the end of long bones in children. Growth plates change over time and determine the length and shape of the bone when a child is fully grown. They are not as hard as bones so they get injured more easily. Growth plates may not heal correctly without treatment, which will lead to abnormally shaped bones or shorter bones as an adult. […] A growth plate fracture or injury should be taken more seriously as it can result in problems later if not treated properly.
- #68 Growth plate fractures – Diagnosis and treatment – Mayo Clinichttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/growth-plate-fractures/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351984
Treatment for growth plate fractures depends on the severity of the fracture. The least serious fractures usually require only a cast or a splint. If the fracture crosses the growth plate or goes into the joint and is not well-aligned, surgery may be necessary. Growth plates that are surgically realigned may have a better chance of recovering and growing again than do growth plates that are left in a poor position. […] At the time of injury, it’s difficult to tell if a growth plate has permanent damage. Your doctor may recommend checking X-rays for several years after the fracture to make sure the growth plate is growing appropriately. Depending on the location and severity of the fracture, your child may need follow-up visits until his or her bones have finished growing.