Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management

  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4407747/

  Cushings syndrome is a rare disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. Early diagnosis and treatment of Cushings syndrome is associated with a decrease in morbidity and mortality. […] Endogenous Cushings syndrome is rare, with an incidence of 0.72.4 per million population per year. A population-based study from Denmark reported a diagnosis of Cushings syndrome in 166 patients over an 11-year period (19851995), yielding an incidence of two cases per million inhabitants per year. Of the 139 patients with nonmalignant disease, 23 (16.5%) died during follow-up (median 8 years), yielding a standard mortality ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval 2.35.3), with the highest mortality during the first year after initial presentation. […] Although population-based studies demonstrate a low incidence of endogenous Cushings syndrome, more evaluations of patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or hypertension suggest that this may be an underestimation. […] Currently, extensive use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans has led to an increasing number of incidentally found adrenal masses. The prevalence of these adrenal incidentalomas increases from 0.2% to 7% with increasing age.

• #2 Endogenous Cushing Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2233083-overview

  Identifying the exact incidence of Cushing syndrome is challenging because patients can present with a wide spectrum from subclinical, mild, cyclic, to severe Cushing syndrome. Therefore, the true incidence may be underestimated. In a European population-based study, the annual incidence of endogenous Cushing syndrome was reported to be 1.2-1.7 per million per year (Cushing disease), 0.6 per million per year (adrenal adenoma), and 0.2 per million per year (adrenal carcinoma). […] The female-to-male incidence ratio is approximately 5:1 for Cushing syndrome due to an adrenal or pituitary tumor. Ectopic ACTH production is more frequent in men than in women because of the higher incidence of lung tumors in this population. […] The peak incidence of Cushing syndrome due to either an adrenal or pituitary adenoma is in persons aged 25-40 years. Ectopic ACTH production due to lung cancer occurs later in life.

• #3 Cushing’s syndrome: Epidemiology and developments in disease management

  https://repub.eur.nl/pub/89188/

  Cushings syndrome is a rare disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids. […] Early diagnosis and treatment of Cushings syndrome is associated with a decrease in morbidity and mortality. […] A multidisciplinary approach, long-term follow-up, and treatment modalities customized to each individual are essential for optimal control of hypercortisolemia and management of comorbidities.

• #4 Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Cushing syndrome – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-clinical-manifestations-of-cushings-syndrome

  Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Cushing syndrome […] EPIDEMIOLOGY […] Estimates of the incidence of Cushing syndrome are imprecise and likely underestimate the incidence of iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, undiagnosed mild hypercortisolism, and the ectopic corticotropin (ACTH) syndrome. […] Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome – More than 10 million Americans receive pharmacologic doses of glucocorticoids each year. Therefore, iatrogenic Cushing syndrome must be more common than any other cause but is seldom reported. […] Cushing disease – Pituitary ACTH-dependent Cushing causes 65 to 70 percent of Cushing syndrome. The reported incidence was 1.2 to 2.4 per million per year in European population-based studies and 6.2 to 7.6 per million person-years in the United States.

• #5 Azthena logo with the word Azthena

  https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cushings-Syndrome-Epidemiology.aspx

  A study in Denmark followed 166 patients with Cushings syndrome for 11 years, finding an incidence of 2 cases per million population per year. […] A study in Spain found 49 cases of Cushings syndrome over a period of 18 years, with an incidence of 2.4 cases per million inhabitants per year and a prevalence of 39.1 cases per million. […] A low incidence of endogenous Cushings syndrome was established by the population-based studies outlined above, corresponding to approximately 2 cases per million. […] However, the incidence of subclinical Cushings syndrome may be underestimated in certain population groups, such as those with osteoporosis, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or hypertension. […] Females are more likely to be affected by Cushings syndrome than males, with a risk ratio of approximately 3:1. […] The risk of mortality for individuals with Cushings syndrome is estimated to be 2-3 times higher than that of the general population, based on epidemiological studies.

• #6 Cushing Syndrome | Johns Hopkins Diabetes Guide

  https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_Diabetes_Guide/547032/all/Cushing_Syndrome

  More common in women particularly in reproductive age […] The median age of diagnosis is 41.4 years with a female-to-male ratio of 3:1. The incidence of endogenous CS is 0.2-5.0 per million people per year with a prevalence of 39-79 per million in different populations. A more recent study in the United States using a commercial database, suggests a higher incidence than previously reported rates in European studies. These numbers underestimate patients with mild autonomous cortisol hypersecretion. […] Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is much more common than endogenous CS but measurements of incidence rates are imprecise. […] With the global increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity and type 2 DM, it is important to evaluate the best strategy to evaluate these populations for CS. […] The prevalence of unrecognized CS is 0-9.4% in patients with type 2 DM and 0-9.3% in patients with obesity. Universal screening for CS in patients with DM or obesity is not indicated.

• #7 Management of Cushing’s Syndrome

  https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-cushings-syndrome

  Cushings syndrome (CS) is a rare but serious condition that can be fatal. The incidence of new cases of CS in the United States ranges from 0.7 to 2.4 cases per million people per year. This translates to an estimated 200 to 700 new cases annually. Drug-induced CS is believed to be the most prominent form of this syndrome, and there are numerous documented cases. Recent studies in which type 2 diabetic patients and obese patients were screened suggest that CS may be more common than previously thought. In patients with hypertension or poorly controlled blood glucose, CS rates as high as 2% to 5% have been documented. […] Accurate treatment of CS is important in order to avoid the numerous complications that can stem from disease progression. CS is a rare condition with potentially serious complications if it is left untreated. Proper diagnosis is important to assess the underlying cause of CS, allowing for appropriate treatment.

• #8 Cushing’s disease | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-7-41

  Cushing’s syndrome is estimated to have an incidence of 1–3 cases per million inhabitants per year, whereas its prevalence is close to 40 cases per million inhabitants. […] The prevalence of hypercortisolism is thought to be equal to 2-5% of patients with poorly controlled diabetes and hypertension. […] Female preponderance is generally assumed to be close to 3:1. […] Cushing’s disease is an extremely rare condition in children, with a peak in adults in the 3rd or 4th decade. […] Cushing’s disease leads to death if untreated; it is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality, due to cardiovascular complications, infections and psychiatric disturbances.

• #9 Understanding Cushing’s Disease – Prevalence & Impact

  https://isturisa.com/hcp/prevalence-impact/

  Cushings disease (CD) is the most common type of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Estimated prevalence of nearly 22 cases per million. The annual incidence of Cushings disease is estimated to be 2.4 per million. At least 3x more common in women than men and generally occurs between ages 20 and 50. […] True incidence and prevalence rates for CD in the United States are unknown. Estimated data are pooled rates based on a meta-analysis of global CD epidemiology. […] Patients with CD experience comorbidities at a higher rate than the general population. […] The duration of hypercortisolism exposure is associated with a greater mortality risk. […] Patients with endogenous CS have an approximately 3.5 to 5 times higher mortality risk than the general population. […] The predicted mortality rate is nearly 2x higher for patients with uncured CD vs that for patients in remission.

• #10 Identifying Cushing’s Disease

  https://knowrareendo.com/cushings-disease/identification/

  Although rare, Cushings disease (CD) is the most prevalent of all Cushings syndrome (CS) cases. And while its uncommon, its a serious condition: […] Prevalence of nearly 22 cases per million, 2.4 new cases/million/year, 3x more likely to develop in women, most commonly between ages 30 and 60. […] True incidence and prevalence rates for CD in the United States are unknown. Estimated data are pooled rates based on a meta-analysis of global CD epidemiology. […] In fact, about 70% of all patients with endogenous Cushings syndrome have Cushings disease. […] Average time to diagnosis is 7 years due to the rare nature of the disease, similarity of symptoms to other conditions, and diversity of symptoms. […] 50% estimated 5-year survival rate in patients with untreated Cushings disease. […] Undiagnosed Cushings disease puts patients at risk for potentially life-threatening comorbidities.

• #11 Descriptive Epidemiology and Survival Analysis of Prolactinomas and Cushing’s Disease in Korea

  https://www.e-enm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.3803/EnM.2021.1000

  Only a few studies have established the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushings disease in Korea. Furthermore, the incidence of these disease are increasing than before associated with the development of technologies. This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology of prolactinoma and Cushings disease and their survival analysis according to treatment. […] The annual incidence of prolactinoma was 23.5 cases per million, and its prevalence was 82.5 cases per million, and 2.3 cases per million/year and 9.8 cases per million for Cushings disease. […] Overall, the incidence of prolactinoma and Cushings disease was similar with those found previously, but the prevalence of two diseases were inconsistent when compared with the early studies. The present study also proposed necessity of treatment in Cushings disease for improving the survival rate. […] The incidence of CD was 2.3 cases per million, and its prevalence was 9.8 cases per million. The survival rate of treated patients with CD was significantly higher than that of untreated patients.

• #12

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40618-022-01754-1

  Cushings disease (CD), 70% of endogenous hypercortisolism cases, is a rare disease caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. […] To date, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses on its global epidemiology have been published. […] The pooled CD prevalence was 2.2 [95% CI 1.14.8] per 100,000, while the incidence rate was 0.24 [95% CI 0.150.33] per 100,000 person-years. […] The quality of study reporting was rated as medium for 11 (84.6%) studies and as low for 2 (15.4%). […] Overall, our systematic meta-analysis demonstrated CD epidemiology to be similarly reported across different areas of the world, with some exceptions regarding regional differences or observation period intervals. […] Large-scale studies on CD epidemiology are warranted. […] Setting up national specific registries, based on standardized diagnostic and clinical parameters, with clearly defined selection and analysis criteria, and a strong cooperation between the scientific national societies for endocrinology is crucial to exclude other causes of variability (i.e. geographical differences due to other factors like (epi)genetic changes), and to support public health decision making.

• #13

  https://step2.medbullets.com/endocrine/120109/cushing-syndrome–disease

  Epidemiology […] Demographics […] 5:1 female-to-male ratio for adrenal or pituitary source […] peak age 25-50 years of age […] male predominance for ectopic source secondary to lung cancer […] peak age 70-80 years of age

• #14 Cushing Disease / Cushing Syndrome | Brain Institute | OHSU

  https://www.ohsu.edu/brain-institute/cushing-disease-cushing-syndrome

  Dr. Maria Fleseriu, who finished her training at Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Clinic, takes particular interest in caring for patients with Cushing disease. Her research has led to new medications. […] The team at the OHSU Pituitary Center treats more than 250 patients at a time for Cushing disease/syndrome a high number for such a rare illness. This condition is also known as hypercortisolism. […] Cushing disease/syndrome is rare. About 10 to 15 new cases per million people are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. These numbers may not reflect the true number of people with this illness, though, because its not uncommon for people to go undiagnosed. […] It is typically found in people ages 20 to 50. […] It affects roughly three times as many women as men. […] Cushing disease/syndrome can be challenging to diagnose because changes can happen slowly. Its not uncommon for us to see patients who have gone undiagnosed or who have been misdiagnosed for years. Because weve treated hundreds of patients with Cushing disease or syndrome, we have the skills to give you the right diagnosis so you can begin treatment. […] Cushing disease comes back, even after decades, in about a quarter of cases. We will monitor you closely and recommend further treatment if needed.

• #15

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11154-021-09626-4

  Cushings disease (CD) is rare in paediatric practice but requires prompt investigation, diagnosis and therapy to prevent long-term complications. […] The incidence of CD, a form of ACTH-dependent Cushings syndrome (CS), is equal to approximately 5% of that seen in adults. […] Endogenous Cushings syndrome (CS) is rare in children and adolescents and is relatively uncommon in adults, with an incidence of 0.72.4 per million in the general population per year. […] The commonest cause of endogenous CS in all age groups is Cushings disease (CD). […] CD accounts for ~70% of adult-onset and 7580% of paediatric-onset endogenous CS. […] An estimated 1 to 1.5 per million children are affected each year by CS; of those 7580% are caused by an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumour (CD). […] The mean age of CD presentation, in several large paediatric series comprising 41182 children, was 12.314.1 years. […] The annual incidence of CD in Sweden during the years 1987 to 2013 was reported as 1.6 (1.41.8) cases per million.

• #16 Cushing’s Syndrome: Causes and Treatment | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/cushings-syndrome-pro

  How common is Cushing’s syndrome? (Epidemiology) […] The true incidence and prevalence of Cushing’s syndrome are not known, but it is estimated to be nearly 40 per million. The prevalence of the disease is highly variable across different ethnic and cultural groups and depends upon the frequency of medical conditions requiring steroid-based therapy. Of the known cases iatrogenic hypercortisolism outweighs the endogenous causes; of the endogenous causes pituitary-mediated ACTH production accounts for up to 80% of cases of hypercortisolism. In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with poor blood glucose control and hypertension, the reported prevalence of Cushing’s syndrome is between 2% and 5%.

• #17 Determinants of Clinical Behavior and Prognosis in Cushing’s Disease: A Quest for Useful Biomarkers

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-83762022000500244

  Cushing’s disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous hypercortisolemia. […] With an estimated incidence of 0.7-2.4 cases per million per year, and a prevalence of 39.1 cases per million per year, CD is considered a rare disease. […] The clinical course is usually insidious, with an estimated 3-6-year delay between disease onset and diagnosis. […] Due to the risk of late relapse, most CD patients require long-term and often lifelong periodical screening to assess the disease status. […] Chronic hypercortisolemia is detrimental and greatly impacts life expectancy. […] The increased mortality among CD patients is mainly due to cardiovascular complications, although infectious diseases and suicide also play a role. […] In many cases, the cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychiatric comorbidities of CD persist even several years after remission has been achieved.

• #18

  https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijhs/article/view/15303

  Cushing’s syndrome remains a complex endocrine disorder requiring a multifaceted approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management. […] Valassi E, Santos A, Yaneva M, Toth M, Strasburger CJ, Chanson P, et al. The European Registry on Cushing’s syndrome: 2-year experience. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165(3):383-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-11-0272 […] Rubinstein G, Osswald A, Hoster E, Losa M, Elenkova A, Zacharieva S, et al. Time to Diagnosis in Cushing’s Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Based on 5367 Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz136

• #19 Top Published Expert Doctors for Cushing Syndrome

  https://findexpertmd.com/d/Cushing_Syndrome

  746 top medical experts on Cushing Syndrome across 50 countries and 30 U.S. states, including 608 MDs (Physicians). This is based on an objective analysis of their Scientific Publications, Clinical Trials, Medicare, and NIH Grants. […] Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: at least 86 including 5 Active, 31 Completed, 20 Recruiting.

• #20 Insights on epidemiology, morbidity and mortality of Cushing’s disease in Northern Ireland in: Endocrine-Related Cancer Volume 31 Issue 9 (2024)

  https://erc.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/erc/31/9/ERC-24-0028.xml

  Cushings disease is a rare condition that occurs due to an adrenocorticotrophin-producing corticotrophinoma arising from the pituitary gland. The consequent hypercortisolaemia results in multisystem morbidity and mortality. This study aims to report incidence, clinicopathological characteristics, remission outcomes and mortality in a regional pituitary neurosurgical cohort of patients diagnosed with Cushings disease in Northern Ireland (NI) from 2000 to 2019. […] Fifty-three patients were identified, resulting in an estimated annual incidence of Cushings disease of 1.39-1.57 per million population per year. […] Patients with Cushings disease had a significantly higher mortality rate compared to the NI general population (standardised mortality ratio 8.10, 95% CI 3.31-6.7, P < 0.001). Annual incidence of Cushings disease in NI is consistent with other Northern European cohorts. [...] This study provides novel insights on epidemiology and mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with CD in NI. CD remains a rare disease in NI, and despite a rising population, the number of patients annually diagnosed with CD has not increased.

• #21 Systemic therapy of Cushing’s syndrome | Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases | Full Text

  https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-014-0122-8

  CS is a rare disease according to the European orphan regulation affecting not more than 5/10,000 persons in Europe. […] CS is a heterogeneous disorder that arises from multiple causes and has a broad spectrum of eventually fatal co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. […] In contrast, a national register in Denmark reported an annual incidence for endogenous CS of two cases per million people. […] In general, CS is rare: the reported incidence of endogenous CS worldwide ranges from 0.7 – 2.4 cases per million per year. […] CS patients are at an overall 4-fold higher mortality rate than age- and gender-matched subjects in the general population. […] When diagnosed the prevalence of co-morbidities has been reported as follows: 58-85% of patients have hypertension, 32-41% obesity, 20-47% diabetes mellitus, 50-81% major depression, 31-50% osteoporosis, and 38-71% dyslipidemia.

• #22 Identifying Cushing’s Disease

  https://knowrareendo.com/cushings-disease/identification/

  Because CD patients experience comorbidities at a higher rate than the general population, early diagnosis is key. […] The predicted mortality rate is nearly 2x higher for patients with persistent CD vs that for patients in remission. […] Uncontrolled chronic hypercortisolism also leads to elevated risks of multi-system morbidity and mortality. […] Patients with chronic, uncontrolled hypercortisolism have a ~3.5-5x higher mortality risk than in the general population.

• #23 Cushing’s syndrome – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing%27s_syndrome

  Cushing’s syndrome caused by treatment with corticosteroids is the most common form. Cushing’s disease is rare; a Danish study found an incidence of less than one case per million people per year. […] About 0.9 to 1% of those with Cushing’s syndrome have a tendency to develop venous thrombosis. Other factors such as surgery and obesity also increase the chance of getting thrombosis.

• #24 EM@3AM: Cushing’s Syndrome – emDocs

  https://www.emdocs.net/em3am-cushings-syndrome/

  Cushing’s syndrome (CS): prolonged exposure to excess cortisol state […] Primary causes of excess mortality rate in CS […] Exogenous (Iatrogenic) CS – most common etiology of CS […] Endogenous CS – 0.7-2.4 per million population per year […] Median Age of Diagnosis – 41.4 years […] Female-to-Male ratio of 3:1 […] Severe hypercortisolism: a medical emergency requiring urgent intervention. […] Cushing’s syndrome: epidemiology and developments in disease management.

• #25 Severe Cushing’s syndrome and bilateral pulmonary nodules: beyond ectopic ACTH in: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports Volume 2017 Issue 1 (2017)

  https://edm.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/edm/2017/1/EDM17-0100.xml

  Severe CS is a medical emergency that is associated with life-threatening complications (infectious, thromboembolic, cardiovascular or psychiatric). In such cases, prompt control of hypercortisolism should be urgently pursued, even if the diagnostic investigation is incomplete. […] Thromboembolic disease is also more common in CS than in the general population. Venous thromboembolism not provoked by surgical intervention is estimated to occur in up to 2.5% of CS patients. Current evidence indicates that the hypercoagulable state in CS is attributed to both activation of the coagulation cascade with cortisol-induced elevations of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, Factor VIII and IX and an impaired fibrinolytic activity. Additionally, thrombotic diathesis may persist after surgery, the risk being highest within the first 4 post-operative weeks. CS treatment guidelines suggest thromboprophylaxis perioperatively in all patients and the need for prolonged treatment should be individualised based on patients individual risk factor profile. It should further be noted that the coagulation profile in CS patients may remain altered up to one year after surgical cure.

• #26 Orphanet: Cushing disease

  https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/96253

  Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery by an experienced pituitary surgeon is recommended as the first-line therapy. Removal of the tumor may lead to full recovery but there is a 20-30% persistence risk after surgery and a 15-30% long-term recurrence risk among patients in remission after surgery. […] After remission of CD, sequelae may persist, such as cardiovascular comorbidities, cognitive impairment and psychological disorders.

• #27 Clinical features and risk factors for postoperative recurrence in patients with Cushing’s syndrome of different etiologies | Scientific Reports

  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-53913-4

  The annual incidence of CS is 23 per million people. […] The postoperative recurrence rate of CS differs according to etiology. […] The median estimated time to relapse for all patients was 103 months and the mean time to relapse was 85 months, with an overall recurrence rate of 25.7%. […] The risk factors for CS recurrence included etiology, age, preoperative cortisol level, postoperative cortisol level, and absolute neutrophil count. […] To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that etiology is an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence.

• #28 EpiCast Report: Cushing’s Syndrome – Epidemiology Forecast to 2023

  https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/epicast-report-cushings-syndrome—epidemiology-forecast-to-2023-283281341.html

  Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder caused by prolonged exposure to excess amounts of circulating free glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. […] GlobalData epidemiologists forecast an increase in the diagnosed prevalent cases of CS in the 6MM, from 32,634 diagnosed prevalent cases in 2013 to 34,573 diagnosed prevalent cases in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 0.59% in the forecast period. […] In 2023, the US will have the highest number of diagnosed prevalent cases of CS, with 17,162 diagnosed prevalent cases. […] The Cushing’s syndrome (CS) EpiCast Report provides an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and the global and historical epidemiological trends for CS in the six major markets (6MM) (US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK). […] The report also includes a 10-year epidemiological forecast for the diagnosed prevalent cases of CS, Cushing’s disease, ectopic- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) CS, adrenal adenoma CS, and adrenal carcinoma CS segmented by age (18 to =85 years) and sex in these markets.

• #29 Determinants of Clinical Behavior and Prognosis in Cushing’s Disease: A Quest for Useful Biomarkers

  http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-83762022000500244

  The identification of reliable markers of disease behavior and prognosis could potentially allow for a tailored and cost-efficient management of each patient, as well as for a reduction of the medical procedure-associated stress. […] Over the years, various clinical, biochemical, imaging, histopathological, molecular, and genetic features have been evaluated as possible CD markers, although with variable success. […] The clinical behavior of CD is highly variable and involves complex diagnostic studies, a combination of multiple therapeutic strategies, long-term management of comorbidities, and a lifelong risk for recurrence. […] The identification of practical, robust, and reliable markers of clinical behavior would be of great help in guiding the clinical management of these individuals.

• #30 Striving to make the negative impact of Cushing’s syndrome even rarer. – The Cushing’s Collaborative Community

  https://cushingscommunity.com/

  Cushings syndrome is more common in women than men (by a ratio of 4:1) and patients are typically aged over 40 at the time of their diagnosis. […] Many comorbidities and clinical complications are associated with mortality in patients with Cushings syndrome. […] Experts agree that the earlier you are treated, the better. This is why an early diagnosis of Cushings syndrome is crucial. […] The aim of treatment is to reduce mortality by normalizing cortisol levels and treating comorbidities associated with Cushings syndrome.

• #31 Cushing’s Syndrome – Epidemiology Forecast to 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4330798/cushings-syndrome-epidemiology-forecast-to-2032?srsltid=AfmBOoptVJws6rhdvju1EZxyFYc2v804U72Dt7LmMCq5r3btsDE_sXzU

  The Cushing’s Syndrome epidemiology covered in the report provides historical as well as forecasted Cushing’s Syndrome epidemiology scenario in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 countries (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom), and Japan from 2019 to 2032. The Cushing’s Syndrome report also provides the epidemiology trends observed in the 7MM during the study period, along with the assumptions undertaken. The calculated data are presented with relevant tables and graphs to give a clear view of the epidemiology at first sight. […] The report provides insight into the historical and forecasted patient pool of Cushing’s Syndrome in seven major markets covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK), and Japan. […] The report assesses the disease risk and burden and highlights the unmet needs of Cushing’s Syndrome.

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