Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Vestibular Neuronitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549866/

  Vestibular neuritis is thought to be the result of inflammation of the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve and classically presents with vertigo, nausea, and gait imbalance. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin (e.g., the reactivation of latent HSV infection), but other causes of vascular etiology and immunologic in origin are proposals. Vestibular damage appears to have a predilection for the superior portion of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the superior division of the vestibular nerve) over the inferior aspect of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the inferior portion of the vestibular nerve). The underlying mechanism is unclear, but this phenomenon may be explainable by anatomical differences between the two vestibular divisions.

• #1 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis are disorders resulting from an infection that inflames the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (the eighth cranial nerve), which connects the inner ear to the brain. Vertigo, dizziness, and difficulties with balance, vision, or hearing may result. […] Infections of the inner ear are usually viral; less commonly, the cause is bacterial. […] Such inner ear infections are not the same as middle ear infections, which are the type of bacterial infections common in childhood affecting the area around the eardrum. […] The brain integrates balance signals sent through the vestibular nerve from the right ear and the left ear. When one side is infected, it sends faulty signals. The brain thus receives mismatched information, resulting in dizziness or vertigo.

• #2 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are disorders that result in inflammation of the inner ear and the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain. […] The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections. […] The infections that cause vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis may resolve without treatment within a few weeks. […] Generally caused by a viral infection, these conditions cause vertigo (usually experienced as a spinning sensation), dizziness, imbalance, unsteadiness and sometimes problems with vision or hearing. […] The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections, often resulting from a systemic virus such as influenza (flu) or the herpes viruses, which cause chickenpox, shingles and cold sores. […] However, if the inner ear is permanently damaged by the infection and the brain does not adequately compensate, symptoms can persist.

• #2 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Neuritis (inflammation of the nerve) affects the branch associated with balance, resulting in dizziness or vertigo but no change in hearing. […] Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth) occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, resulting in hearing changes as well as dizziness or vertigo. […] Inner ear infections that cause vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis are usually viral rather than bacterial. […] In serous labyrinthitis, bacteria that have infected the middle ear or the bone surrounding the inner ear produce toxins that invade the inner ear via the oval or round windows and inflame the cochlea, the vestibular system, or both. […] Less common is suppurative labyrinthitis, in which bacterial organisms themselves invade the labyrinth.

• #3 Vestibular Neuronitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549866/

  Vestibular neuritis is thought to be the result of inflammation of the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve and classically presents with vertigo, nausea, and gait imbalance. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin (e.g., the reactivation of latent HSV infection), but other causes of vascular etiology and immunologic in origin are proposals. Vestibular damage appears to have a predilection for the superior portion of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the superior division of the vestibular nerve) over the inferior aspect of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the inferior portion of the vestibular nerve). The underlying mechanism is unclear, but this phenomenon may be explainable by anatomical differences between the two vestibular divisions.

• #4 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Neuritis (inflammation of the nerve) affects the branch associated with balance, resulting in dizziness or vertigo but no change in hearing. […] Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth) occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, resulting in hearing changes as well as dizziness or vertigo. […] Inner ear infections that cause vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis are usually viral rather than bacterial. […] In serous labyrinthitis, bacteria that have infected the middle ear or the bone surrounding the inner ear produce toxins that invade the inner ear via the oval or round windows and inflame the cochlea, the vestibular system, or both. […] Less common is suppurative labyrinthitis, in which bacterial organisms themselves invade the labyrinth.

• #5 Vestibular Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15227-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis develops when the vestibular nerve in your inner ear becomes inflamed or swollen. […] Experts believe vestibular neuritis results from viral infections that start in your inner ear or begin somewhere else in your body, like chickenpox or viral hepatitis. […] Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are closely related disorders that cause similar symptoms. While vestibular neuritis involves inflammation of the vestibular nerve, labyrinthitis refers to inflammation of the labyrinth the part of your inner ear that contains organs that help with balance and hearing.

• #6 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear and typically presents with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and/or hearing loss. It is normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection; however, it can be a manifestation of systemic autoimmune disease or human immunodeficiency virus in some cases. […] Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or systemic diseases. […] Vestibular neuritis (also termed vestibular neuronitis) is often used interchangeably with labyrinthitis as the symptoms and clinical picture are extremely similar. However, true vestibular neuritis is inflammation confined to the vestibular nerve itself, without membranous labyrinth inflammation. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis typically arises from either bacterial meningitis (20% of children with bacterial meningitis will develop auditory or vestibular symptoms) or otitis media. The inflammation can occur via two different mechanisms. In serous labyrinthitis, the inflammation is secondary to bacterial toxins and/or host cytokines and inflammatory mediators passing into the membranous labyrinth via the round or oval window. Suppurative labyrinthitis is inflammation caused directly by a bacterial infection.

• #7 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are disorders that result in inflammation of the inner ear and the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain. […] The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections. […] The infections that cause vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis may resolve without treatment within a few weeks. […] Generally caused by a viral infection, these conditions cause vertigo (usually experienced as a spinning sensation), dizziness, imbalance, unsteadiness and sometimes problems with vision or hearing. […] The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections, often resulting from a systemic virus such as influenza (flu) or the herpes viruses, which cause chickenpox, shingles and cold sores. […] However, if the inner ear is permanently damaged by the infection and the brain does not adequately compensate, symptoms can persist.

• #8 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Viral infections of the inner ear are more common than bacterial infections, but less is known about them. […] An inner ear viral infection may be the result of a systemic viral illness (one affecting the rest of the body, such as infectious mononucleosis or measles); or, the infection may be confined to the labyrinth or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve. […] Some of the viruses that have been associated with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis include herpes viruses (such as the ones that cause cold sores or chicken pox and shingles), influenza, measles, rubella, mumps, polio, hepatitis, and Epstein-Barr. […] Because the inner ear infection is usually caused by a virus, it can run its course and then go dormant in the nerve only to flare up again at any time. […] Symptoms of viral neuritis can be mild or severe, ranging from subtle dizziness to a violent spinning sensation (vertigo).

• #9 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Vestibular Neuritis (or neuronitis) is a vestibular condition that is commonly caused by the inflammation of the vestibular branch of the 8th cranial nerve, which is responsible for carrying the signals of the balance organs of the inner ear (commonly known as vestibular labyrinth). […] Labyrinthitis is caused by more extensive inflammation, typically involving both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve. Thus, patients may present with vertigo paired with hearing loss. […] Vestibular neuritis is most likely related to a viral etiology, similar to Bells palsy and some types of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. […] Recent studies implicate Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) to be the most common cause of vestibular neuritis. […] Other viruses that may lead to vestibular neuritis include EBV, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, and influenza viruses.

• #10 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Vestibular neuritis, inflammation of the balance nerve, is the second or third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo with benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo thought to be the most common. […] The purpose of this article is limited to that which appears to be caused by viral injury to the vestibular nerve. […] The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Vestibular neuritis is also described as acute viral vertigo, acute vestibular neuronitis, or chronic or recurring viral vestibular neuritis. […] Each has its own features which do overlap and have the common thread of viral inflammation of the vestibular nerve. […] Postmortem studies of patients with well documented vestibular neuritis show evidence of injury to the ganglion cells in the vestibular nerve just proximal to the inner ear.

• #11 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Vestibular Neuritis (or neuronitis) is a vestibular condition that is commonly caused by the inflammation of the vestibular branch of the 8th cranial nerve, which is responsible for carrying the signals of the balance organs of the inner ear (commonly known as vestibular labyrinth). […] Labyrinthitis is caused by more extensive inflammation, typically involving both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve. Thus, patients may present with vertigo paired with hearing loss. […] Vestibular neuritis is most likely related to a viral etiology, similar to Bells palsy and some types of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. […] Recent studies implicate Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) to be the most common cause of vestibular neuritis. […] Other viruses that may lead to vestibular neuritis include EBV, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, and influenza viruses.

• #12 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Studies have also shown evidence that at least some of the time, Herpes Simplex is the putative cause. […] However, other literature suggests that adenovirus, enterovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, as well as coxsackie and zoster viruses can also cause vestibular neuritis. […] It is also clear that vestibular neuritis occurs in Ramsay Hunt syndrome implying that the Varicella Zoster virus (shingles virus) can cause vertigo. […] Animal studies have demonstrated that several human viruses including rubeola, herpes simplex, reovirus, mouse and guinea pig cytomegalovirus, and neurotropic strains of influenza A and mumps virus, can infect the vestibular nerve and the vestibular membranous labyrinth. […] Controversy remains about whether the presence of virus in the vestibular nerve implies cause of symptoms.

• #13 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear and typically presents with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and/or hearing loss. It is normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection; however, it can be a manifestation of systemic autoimmune disease or human immunodeficiency virus in some cases. […] Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or systemic diseases. […] Vestibular neuritis (also termed vestibular neuronitis) is often used interchangeably with labyrinthitis as the symptoms and clinical picture are extremely similar. However, true vestibular neuritis is inflammation confined to the vestibular nerve itself, without membranous labyrinth inflammation. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis typically arises from either bacterial meningitis (20% of children with bacterial meningitis will develop auditory or vestibular symptoms) or otitis media. The inflammation can occur via two different mechanisms. In serous labyrinthitis, the inflammation is secondary to bacterial toxins and/or host cytokines and inflammatory mediators passing into the membranous labyrinth via the round or oval window. Suppurative labyrinthitis is inflammation caused directly by a bacterial infection.

• #14 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  Labyrinthitis has been demonstrated to be a rare complication of both polyarteritis nodosa and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. […] Both syphilis and HIV have been associated with labyrinthitis. However, there is limited research as to whether the inflammation is caused by opportunistic infections as a result of the HIV-related immunosuppression or the virus itself.

• #15 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Bacterial infections and autoimmune conditions are infrequent causes of inflammation of the inner ear and should also be investigated. […] Labyrinthitis occurs when the entire labyrinth is inflamed or both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve is affected, and results in vertigo, nausea, vomiting and decreased hearing. However, pathophysiology is similar between these two conditions.

• #16 Vestibular neuritis (VN) and labyrinthitis

  https://dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

  In vestibular neuritis, the virus that causes the infection is thought to be usually a member of the herpes family, the same group that causes cold sores in the mouth as well as a variety of other disorders. Support for this idea is that HSV-1 DNA is detected on autopsy in about 60% of human vestibular ganglia. […] It is also stated that a similar syndrome indistinguishable from vestibular neuritis can be caused by loss of blood flow to the vestibular system. However, present thought is that inflammation, presumably viral, is much more common than loss of blood flow. […] A series of papers from South Korea have documented that 10% patients in this area of the world with vestibular neuritis have anti-ganglioside antibodies, implying that this antibody can cause VN. […] In particular, in a recent study, „Acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy” has been reported in patients with the antiganglioside antibody.

• #17 Vestibular neuritis (VN) and labyrinthitis

  https://dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

  In vestibular neuritis, the virus that causes the infection is thought to be usually a member of the herpes family, the same group that causes cold sores in the mouth as well as a variety of other disorders. Support for this idea is that HSV-1 DNA is detected on autopsy in about 60% of human vestibular ganglia. […] It is also stated that a similar syndrome indistinguishable from vestibular neuritis can be caused by loss of blood flow to the vestibular system. However, present thought is that inflammation, presumably viral, is much more common than loss of blood flow. […] A series of papers from South Korea have documented that 10% patients in this area of the world with vestibular neuritis have anti-ganglioside antibodies, implying that this antibody can cause VN. […] In particular, in a recent study, „Acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy” has been reported in patients with the antiganglioside antibody.

• #18 Discovering a new mechanism of vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/news/discovering-a-new-mechanism-of-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is one of the common diseases causing acute dizziness. It is known to be caused by an inflammation in the vestibular nerve and inner ear, which is responsible for balance and body motion sensation. […] Various mechanisms had been suggesting as the cause of vestibular neuritis, such as reactivation of latent herpes virus or peripheral blood circulation disorder in the inner ear, but the exact cause largely remained to be elucidated. […] The fact that autoimmunity plays a role for the development of acute dizziness, may help understand the mechanisms of other various vestibular disorders, too. […] We anticipate that this research may be a future springboard for immunotherapy in patients presenting with acute vestibular syndrome.

• #19 Labyrinthitis: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

  Labyrinthitis is an inflammatory disorder of the inner ear, or labyrinth. Clinically, this condition produces disturbances of balance and hearing to varying degrees and may affect one or both ears. Bacteria or viruses can cause acute inflammation of the labyrinth in conjunction with either local or systemic infections. Autoimmune processes may also cause labyrinthitis. Vascular ischemia may result in acute labyrinthine dysfunction that mimics labyrinthitis. […] The anatomic relationships of the labyrinth, middle ear, mastoid, and subarachnoid space are essential to understanding the pathophysiology of labyrinthitis. […] Symptoms of labyrinthitis occur when infectious microorganisms or inflammatory mediators invade the membranous labyrinth and damage the vestibular and auditory end organs.

• #20 Labyrinthitis: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

  Bacteria may gain access to the membranous labyrinth by these pathways or through congenital or acquired defects of the bony labyrinth. Viruses may spread to labyrinthine structures hematogenously or by way of the aforementioned preformed pathways. […] Viral labyrinthitis is often preceded by an upper respiratory tract infection and occurs in epidemics. The histologic finding of axonal degeneration in the vestibular nerve suggests a viral etiology for vestibular neuritis. […] Serous labyrinthitis occurs when bacterial toxins and host inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, enzymes, and complement, cross the round window membrane, causing inflammation of the labyrinth in the absence of direct bacterial contamination.

• #21 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Neuritis (inflammation of the nerve) affects the branch associated with balance, resulting in dizziness or vertigo but no change in hearing. […] Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth) occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, resulting in hearing changes as well as dizziness or vertigo. […] Inner ear infections that cause vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis are usually viral rather than bacterial. […] In serous labyrinthitis, bacteria that have infected the middle ear or the bone surrounding the inner ear produce toxins that invade the inner ear via the oval or round windows and inflame the cochlea, the vestibular system, or both. […] Less common is suppurative labyrinthitis, in which bacterial organisms themselves invade the labyrinth.

• #22 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear and typically presents with vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and/or hearing loss. It is normally caused by a bacterial or viral infection; however, it can be a manifestation of systemic autoimmune disease or human immunodeficiency virus in some cases. […] Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the membranous labyrinth. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or systemic diseases. […] Vestibular neuritis (also termed vestibular neuronitis) is often used interchangeably with labyrinthitis as the symptoms and clinical picture are extremely similar. However, true vestibular neuritis is inflammation confined to the vestibular nerve itself, without membranous labyrinth inflammation. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis typically arises from either bacterial meningitis (20% of children with bacterial meningitis will develop auditory or vestibular symptoms) or otitis media. The inflammation can occur via two different mechanisms. In serous labyrinthitis, the inflammation is secondary to bacterial toxins and/or host cytokines and inflammatory mediators passing into the membranous labyrinth via the round or oval window. Suppurative labyrinthitis is inflammation caused directly by a bacterial infection.

• #23 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Neuritis (inflammation of the nerve) affects the branch associated with balance, resulting in dizziness or vertigo but no change in hearing. […] Labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth) occurs when an infection affects both branches of the vestibulo-cochlear nerve, resulting in hearing changes as well as dizziness or vertigo. […] Inner ear infections that cause vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis are usually viral rather than bacterial. […] In serous labyrinthitis, bacteria that have infected the middle ear or the bone surrounding the inner ear produce toxins that invade the inner ear via the oval or round windows and inflame the cochlea, the vestibular system, or both. […] Less common is suppurative labyrinthitis, in which bacterial organisms themselves invade the labyrinth.

• #24 Vestibular Neuritis & Labyrinthitis Treatment Melbourne

  https://thevertigoco.com.au/vestibular-neuritis-labyrinthitis/

  Although these two conditions result in similar symptoms, they involve different parts of the ear and have different causes. […] The inner ear consists of a system of fluid filled tubes and sacs called the labyrinth. The labyrinth serves two functions: hearing and balance. The hearing function involves the cochlea, a snail shaped tube filled with fluid and sensitive nerve endings that transmit sound signals to the brain. The balance function is served by the vestibular organs including the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs, which provide the brain with information about head movement. […] Signals travel from the labyrinth to the brain via the vestibular nerve and the cochlear/auditory nerve, which transmit messages to the brain for processing. When one side is affected or damaged by an infection, the brain receives mismatched information resulting in symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, or hearing difficulties.

• #25 Labyrinthitis – Wikipedia

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the labyrinth, a maze of fluid-filled channels in the inner ear. Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve in the ear that sends messages related to motion and position to the brain). Both conditions involve inflammation of the inner ear. Inflammation of these inner ear parts results in a vertigo (sensation of the world spinning) and also possible hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears). It may be due to a virus, but it can also arise from bacterial infection, head injury, extreme stress, an allergy, or as a reaction to medication. Either bacterial or viral labyrinthitis can cause a permanent hearing loss in rare cases. This appears to result from an imbalance of neuronal input between the left and right inner ears. […] In the vestibular system, there are three canals that are semicircular in shape that input sensory clues. These canals allow the brain to sense rotational motion and linear motion changes. The brain then uses the sensory input clues and the visual input clues from the vestibular system to retain balance. The vestibulo-ocular reflex retains continuous visual focus during motion which is also the vestibular system’s purpose during activity.

• #26 Understanding vestibular labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis – The Center for Balance and Dizziness

  https://centerforbalancecincinnati.com/understanding-vestibular-labyrinthitis-or-vestibular-neuritis/

  Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis are a result of an infection causing inflammation of the inner ear and the nerves communicating balance information to the brain. […] Inflammation of the vestibular (balance) nerve disrupts vital signals that your brain uses to help you both maintain balance and move your eyes the right speed and direction while moving your head to keep your vision clear. […] Chronic symptoms include difficulty reading, walking in a store, being in crowds, standing in the shower with your eyes closed, using a computer, turning your head and trunk, or simply talking to people while having dinner. […] Vestibular and balance rehabilitation involves specific exercises to strengthen the relationship of the involved inner ear and the brain’s ability to process the information it receives from the vestibular system.

• #27 Vestibular neuritis (VN) and labyrinthitis

  https://dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

  There is reasonable evidence that vestibular neuritis often spares part of the vestibular nerve, the inferior-division. […] Because the inferior division of the nerve supplies the posterior semicircular canal and saccule, even a „complete” loss on vestibular testing may be associated with some retained canal function. […] The combination of vestibular neuritis and BPPV is sometimes called Lindsay-Hemenway syndrome. […] Labyrinthitis is also always attributed to an infection. In labyrinthitis, it is thought that generally viruses cause the infection, but rarely labyrinthitis can be the result of a bacterial middle ear infection. […] When a herpes virus infection is strongly suspected, a medication called „Acyclovir” or a relative may be used. […] Acute labyrinthitis is treated with the same medications as vestibular neuritis, plus an antibiotic such as amoxicillin if there is evidence for a middle ear infection.

• #28 Vestibular Neuronitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549866/

  Vestibular neuritis is thought to be the result of inflammation of the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve and classically presents with vertigo, nausea, and gait imbalance. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin. […] Vestibular neuritis is believed to be an inflammatory disorder selectively affecting the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve. The cause is presumed to be of viral origin (e.g., the reactivation of latent HSV infection), but other causes of vascular etiology and immunologic in origin are proposals. Vestibular damage appears to have a predilection for the superior portion of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the superior division of the vestibular nerve) over the inferior aspect of the vestibular labyrinth (supplied by the inferior portion of the vestibular nerve). The underlying mechanism is unclear, but this phenomenon may be explainable by anatomical differences between the two vestibular divisions.

• #29 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Sometimes the symptoms can be so severe that they affect the ability to stand up or walk. […] The sudden onset of such symptoms can be very frightening; many people go to the emergency room or visit their physician on the same day. […] If treated promptly, many inner ear infections cause no permanent damage. […] In some cases, however, permanent loss of hearing can result, ranging from barely detectable to total. […] Permanent damage to the vestibular system can also occur. […] If symptoms persist, further testing may be appropriate to help determine whether a different vestibular disorder is in fact the correct diagnosis, as well as to identify the specific location of the problem within the vestibular system. […] Vestibular rehabilitation exercises facilitate this compensation. […] A key component of successful adaptation is a dedicated effort to keep moving, despite the symptoms of dizziness and imbalance.

• #30 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis | Ohio State Medical Center

  https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/ear-nose-throat/hearing-and-balance/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Both conditions are inner ear infections that can lead to balance issues. Theyre also typically caused by viruses and come on suddenly over only a few hours; however, there are some key differences between labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis. Those include: […] Labyrinthitis impacts the labyrinth while vestibular neuritis affects the vestibular nerve. […] Labyrinthitis can also be caused by bacteria. […] Both infections typically go away on their own in a few weeks to months. […] Sometimes symptoms take longer than a few weeks to subside. These infections can even lead to chronic conditions.

• #31 Labyrinthitis – Balance & Dizziness Canada

  https://balanceanddizziness.org/disorders/vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis/

  Less often, bacterial infections such as middle ear infections or bacterial meningitis can spread to the inner ear and cause labyrinthitis. […] Rarely, autoimmune disorders can also cause labyrinthitis. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis sometimes causes permanent changes in the inner ear, where bone grows inside the cochlea and can cause permanent hearing loss. This is a serious complication of bacterial meningitis. It is more common in children.

• #32 Vestibular Neuritis & Labyrinthitis Treatment Melbourne

  https://thevertigoco.com.au/vestibular-neuritis-labyrinthitis/

  The most common cause of both conditions is a viral infection. This infection of the inner ear may be due to reactivation of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that affects the vestibular system. A reactivation of the herpes zoster virus (chicken pox and shingles) can also be a culprit. Such inner ear infections are not the same as middle ear infections, which are common in childhood. […] These conditions can affect daily life significantly, even if for just a few days. If you have consulted a doctor, they may provide medications that can deliver some relief. These may include steroids to treat the infection, antiemetics to reduce nausea, and benzodiazepines to help suppress the vestibular system. Medical advice may include waiting for the infection to resolve. However, along with medication, vestibular rehabilitation therapy exercises are very beneficial in helping the brain adapt to the altered signals and improving your ability to get back to your regular daily activities. This is a process called compensation.

• #33 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | NHS Lanarkshire

  https://www.nhslanarkshire.scot.nhs.uk/services/physiotherapy/vestibular-physiotherapy/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis/

  This is a condition that is caused by inflammation or pressure on the vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve sends messages between the inner ear and the brain about movement. This can be inflamed due to infection, a virus, reduced blood flow or exposure to allergens or toxic substances. […] Labyrinthitis is when infection or inflammation occurs in the portion of the inner ear called the labyrinth. The symptoms include; sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, spinning sensation and loss of balance. […] Your doctor may give you medication initially to settle the symptoms. It is important to move around as normally as soon as possible and move your head to allow the system to recover. Vestibular exercises will help your system return to normal and you to return to your normal activities. […] Research suggests it takes on average 8 weeks for your system to readjust. However, each individual will respond differently, and your recovery will depend on your confidence to return to moving naturally, the amount of pressure on the nerve/inner ear, the length of time you have been living with your symptoms, age and your general activity level. […] It is very important to move as naturally as possible to allow your balance system to return to normal.

• #34 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Handouts | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/handouts/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Sometimes the symptoms can be so severe that they affect the ability to stand up or walk. […] The sudden onset of such symptoms can be very frightening; many people go to the emergency room or visit their physician on the same day. […] If treated promptly, many inner ear infections cause no permanent damage. […] In some cases, however, permanent loss of hearing can result, ranging from barely detectable to total. […] Permanent damage to the vestibular system can also occur. […] If symptoms persist, further testing may be appropriate to help determine whether a different vestibular disorder is in fact the correct diagnosis, as well as to identify the specific location of the problem within the vestibular system. […] Vestibular rehabilitation exercises facilitate this compensation. […] A key component of successful adaptation is a dedicated effort to keep moving, despite the symptoms of dizziness and imbalance.

• #35 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | NHS Lanarkshire

  https://www.nhslanarkshire.scot.nhs.uk/services/physiotherapy/vestibular-physiotherapy/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis/

  This is a condition that is caused by inflammation or pressure on the vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve sends messages between the inner ear and the brain about movement. This can be inflamed due to infection, a virus, reduced blood flow or exposure to allergens or toxic substances. […] Labyrinthitis is when infection or inflammation occurs in the portion of the inner ear called the labyrinth. The symptoms include; sudden hearing loss, tinnitus, spinning sensation and loss of balance. […] Your doctor may give you medication initially to settle the symptoms. It is important to move around as normally as soon as possible and move your head to allow the system to recover. Vestibular exercises will help your system return to normal and you to return to your normal activities. […] Research suggests it takes on average 8 weeks for your system to readjust. However, each individual will respond differently, and your recovery will depend on your confidence to return to moving naturally, the amount of pressure on the nerve/inner ear, the length of time you have been living with your symptoms, age and your general activity level. […] It is very important to move as naturally as possible to allow your balance system to return to normal.

• #36 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Studies of postmortem human temporal bones find vestibular nerve buds peripheral to Scarpas ganglion with the notion that these are regenerative neurons that have not completely reached endorgan targets. […] Regeneration of injured nerves is known to occur peripheral to involved ganglia and that regeneration can be quite disordered as is perhaps best exemplified in Bells palsy. […] It appears to be worse the more severely affected the caloric response abnormality found and the ready inference is that a lesser but persisting degree of vestibular impairment exist in those with less obvious endorgan pathology. […] The cause of chronic, recurring vestibular neuritis is thought to be viral and relatively recent postmortem pathology supports that notion.

• #37 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Studies of postmortem human temporal bones find vestibular nerve buds peripheral to Scarpas ganglion with the notion that these are regenerative neurons that have not completely reached endorgan targets. […] Regeneration of injured nerves is known to occur peripheral to involved ganglia and that regeneration can be quite disordered as is perhaps best exemplified in Bells palsy. […] It appears to be worse the more severely affected the caloric response abnormality found and the ready inference is that a lesser but persisting degree of vestibular impairment exist in those with less obvious endorgan pathology. […] The cause of chronic, recurring vestibular neuritis is thought to be viral and relatively recent postmortem pathology supports that notion.

• #38 Vestibular neuritis (VN) and labyrinthitis

  https://dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

  However, several meta-analyses concluded that all studies suggesting improvement had significant methodological bias, and that there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend use of steroids for treatment of vestibular neuritis. […] Most patients with vestibular neuritis are back to work by 2 weeks, and by 2 months are not noticing much dizziness. However, there is immense variability. […] One can establish the side of lesion in VN with the VHIT test, and this situation occurs when the nystagmus beats towards the lesion rather than away from the lesion.

• #39 Vestibular Neuritis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

  https://www.healthline.com/health/vestibular-neuritis

  You should notice an improvement in your symptoms within a few days, though it can take about three weeks to fully recover. […] While vestibular neuritis can make it hard to do your usual physical activities, try to keep moving as much as possible while you recover. […] If you continue to have spells of dizziness and vertigo after several months, medication and physical therapy may be helpful.

• #40 Vestibular neuritis (VN) and labyrinthitis

  https://dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

  However, several meta-analyses concluded that all studies suggesting improvement had significant methodological bias, and that there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend use of steroids for treatment of vestibular neuritis. […] Most patients with vestibular neuritis are back to work by 2 weeks, and by 2 months are not noticing much dizziness. However, there is immense variability. […] One can establish the side of lesion in VN with the VHIT test, and this situation occurs when the nystagmus beats towards the lesion rather than away from the lesion.

• #41 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis: Explained by a balance specialist

  https://ca.odyo.com/en/neuritis-and-labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis involves inflammation of the labyrinth, the inner ear structure housing both balance and hearing organs. It leads to vertigo with hearing loss or tinnitus. […] Viral labyrinthitis is less common than vestibular neuritis but still accounts for a significant proportion of inner ear disorders. […] Corticosteroids: Prednisone reduces inflammation of the balance nerve and helps quicken recovery time. […] Corticosteroids: Prednisone (1 mg/kg/day for 7-10 days) to reduce inflammation. […] Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy for prolonged dizziness. […] Hearing can return to normal or near-normal within few weeks or months with appropriate therapy, but unfortunately many patients lose their hearing permanently. […] Chronic dizziness affects up to 10% (sometimes more) of patients, requiring extended VRT. […] Bacterial cases may result in permanent hearing loss if treatment is delayed.

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