Materiały źródłowe

• #1 Current diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis: a narrative review

  https://www.e-jyms.org/journal/view.php?number=2667

  Vestibular neuritis is characterized by acute spontaneous vertigo without hearing loss and is the third most common peripheral vestibular disorder, after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere disease. […] The annual incidence of vestibular neuritis has been reported to range from 3.5% to 15.5% per 100,000 persons, and approximately 4% to 9.8% of adult patients and 3.3% of pediatric patients are treated for acute unilateral vestibular loss. […] Although vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur more frequently in women than in men, there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence between men and women. […] Vestibular neuritis occurs mainly in patients aged 30 to 60 years and most often occurs in those aged 40 to 50 years. According to a recent study, vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur even more frequently in those over the age of 70 years.

• #2 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Vestibular neuritis, inflammation of the balance nerve, is the second or third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo with benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo thought to be the most common. […] Vertigo is a relatively common problem, which has about a 1-year prevalence estimate of 3-5%. […] An enormous study from Taiwan used national health diagnosis code data from office visits for vertigo to study the overall prevalence of unspecified vertigo. […] An overall prevalence rate was 3.1% or about 3.13 per 100 population. Of that number, nearly 38% had had a recurrence at least once. […] Acute initial vestibular neuritis is said to have an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population accounting for 7% of the patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo.

• #3 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis-pro

  Vestibular neuritis is a very common cause of vertigo, labyrinthitis less so. […] There is a wide variability in reported prevalence of diseases causing vestibular dysfunction – from 3.1% one-year prevalence to 35.4%; however, in all studies the incidence increases with age. […] Vestibular neuritis affects adults and children but has a peak age of onset of 40-50 years. This incidence is about 3.5 cases per 100,000. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis. It is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. It is most common in the fourth decade with women outnumbering men by about 2:1. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis is rare in the post-antibiotic era.

• #4 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #5 Labyrinthitis – WikiProjectMed

  https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis affects approximately 35 million people per year (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people). It typically occurs in those between 30 and 60 years of age, and there are no significant differences between male and female incidence rates. In 95% of cases, sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover. Vestibular rehabilitation showed a statistically significant increase in controlling symptoms over no intervention in people who have vestibular neuritis.

• #6 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #7 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #8 Labyrinthitis | Enhanced Dental CPD Online

  https://www.dentaljuce.com/shorts-labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis affects around 35 million people annually (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people). It commonly occurs in individuals between 30 and 60 years of age, with no significant gender differences. Most sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover. Vestibular rehabilitation has been shown to significantly improve symptom control in people with vestibular neuritis. […] Labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the labyrinth, a complex system of fluid-filled channels in the inner ear. Vestibular neuritis, on the other hand, refers to the inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which transmits signals related to motion and position to the brain. Both conditions result in vertigo (a sensation of spinning), potential hearing loss, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). They may occur as isolated episodes, recurrent attacks, or a persistent condition lasting three to six weeks. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movements).

• #9 Labyrinthitis – WikiProjectMed

  https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis affects approximately 35 million people per year (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people). It typically occurs in those between 30 and 60 years of age, and there are no significant differences between male and female incidence rates. In 95% of cases, sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover. Vestibular rehabilitation showed a statistically significant increase in controlling symptoms over no intervention in people who have vestibular neuritis.

• #10 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #11 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis-pro

  Vestibular neuritis is a very common cause of vertigo, labyrinthitis less so. […] There is a wide variability in reported prevalence of diseases causing vestibular dysfunction – from 3.1% one-year prevalence to 35.4%; however, in all studies the incidence increases with age. […] Vestibular neuritis affects adults and children but has a peak age of onset of 40-50 years. This incidence is about 3.5 cases per 100,000. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis. It is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. It is most common in the fourth decade with women outnumbering men by about 2:1. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis is rare in the post-antibiotic era.

• #12 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Vestibular neuritis, inflammation of the balance nerve, is the second or third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo with benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo thought to be the most common. […] Vertigo is a relatively common problem, which has about a 1-year prevalence estimate of 3-5%. […] An enormous study from Taiwan used national health diagnosis code data from office visits for vertigo to study the overall prevalence of unspecified vertigo. […] An overall prevalence rate was 3.1% or about 3.13 per 100 population. Of that number, nearly 38% had had a recurrence at least once. […] Acute initial vestibular neuritis is said to have an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population accounting for 7% of the patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo.

• #13 Current diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis: a narrative review

  https://www.e-jyms.org/journal/view.php?number=2667

  Vestibular neuritis is characterized by acute spontaneous vertigo without hearing loss and is the third most common peripheral vestibular disorder, after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere disease. […] The annual incidence of vestibular neuritis has been reported to range from 3.5% to 15.5% per 100,000 persons, and approximately 4% to 9.8% of adult patients and 3.3% of pediatric patients are treated for acute unilateral vestibular loss. […] Although vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur more frequently in women than in men, there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence between men and women. […] Vestibular neuritis occurs mainly in patients aged 30 to 60 years and most often occurs in those aged 40 to 50 years. According to a recent study, vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur even more frequently in those over the age of 70 years.

• #14 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis-pro

  Vestibular neuritis is a very common cause of vertigo, labyrinthitis less so. […] There is a wide variability in reported prevalence of diseases causing vestibular dysfunction – from 3.1% one-year prevalence to 35.4%; however, in all studies the incidence increases with age. […] Vestibular neuritis affects adults and children but has a peak age of onset of 40-50 years. This incidence is about 3.5 cases per 100,000. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis. It is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. It is most common in the fourth decade with women outnumbering men by about 2:1. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis is rare in the post-antibiotic era.

• #15 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #16 Current diagnosis and treatment of vestibular neuritis: a narrative review

  https://www.e-jyms.org/journal/view.php?number=2667

  Vestibular neuritis is characterized by acute spontaneous vertigo without hearing loss and is the third most common peripheral vestibular disorder, after benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere disease. […] The annual incidence of vestibular neuritis has been reported to range from 3.5% to 15.5% per 100,000 persons, and approximately 4% to 9.8% of adult patients and 3.3% of pediatric patients are treated for acute unilateral vestibular loss. […] Although vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur more frequently in women than in men, there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence between men and women. […] Vestibular neuritis occurs mainly in patients aged 30 to 60 years and most often occurs in those aged 40 to 50 years. According to a recent study, vestibular neuritis has been reported to occur even more frequently in those over the age of 70 years.

• #17 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  There is little research into the incidence and prevalence of labyrinthitis, however, in South Korea, the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction varied from 3.1% to 35.4%, and the incidence increased with age. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form and is usually secondary to an upper respiratory tract infection. It typically presents in adults aged 30-60 and is twice as common in females. […] Suppurative bacterial labyrinthitis, as a complication of bacterial meningitis, is the commonest cause of deafness in children under age 2. Fortunately, this is exceedingly rare in the post-antibiotic era. Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can occur at any age and is typically found in cholesteatoma or secondary to untreated, longstanding otitis media.

• #18 Labyrinthitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22032-labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis is closely related to vestibular neuritis. Labyrinthitis is the swelling of both branches of your vestibulocochlear nerve. It affects both balance and hearing. Vestibular neuritis is the swelling of one branch of your vestibulocochlear nerve. It affects only balance. […] Anyone can get labyrinthitis. But its most common in adults ages 30 to 60. And females are twice as likely to develop labyrinthitis. […] Labyrinthitis is usually not dangerous unless it goes untreated. Without appropriate care, labyrinthitis can lead to hearing loss, increased risk of falling and permanent damage to your inner ear. […] Labyrinthitis treatment depends on the severity of your condition. Healthcare providers may recommend medications, physical therapy, home remedies or a combination of the three.

• #19 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #20 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #21 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  There is little research into the incidence and prevalence of labyrinthitis, however, in South Korea, the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction varied from 3.1% to 35.4%, and the incidence increased with age. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form and is usually secondary to an upper respiratory tract infection. It typically presents in adults aged 30-60 and is twice as common in females. […] Suppurative bacterial labyrinthitis, as a complication of bacterial meningitis, is the commonest cause of deafness in children under age 2. Fortunately, this is exceedingly rare in the post-antibiotic era. Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can occur at any age and is typically found in cholesteatoma or secondary to untreated, longstanding otitis media.

• #22 Labyrinthitis: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although definitive epidemiologic data are lacking, viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis observed in clinical practice. The prevalence of sudden SNHL is estimated at 1 case in 10,000 persons, with up to 40% of these patients complaining of vertigo or dysequilibrium. […] One study reported that 37 of 240 patients presenting with positional vertigo had viral labyrinthitis. […] Viral labyrinthitis is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. Meningogenic suppurative labyrinthitis is usually observed in children younger than 2 years, which is the population most at risk for meningitis. […] Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can be observed in persons of any age in the presence of cholesteatoma or as a complication of untreated acute otitis media. Serous labyrinthitis is more common in the pediatric age group, in which the vast majority of acute and chronic otitis media cases are observed.

• #23 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Based on an epidemiological survey in Japan by major neuro-otology clinics (otolaryngologists) during 1988-1990 (3 years), there is no gender preference. The peak of age distribution was 40-50 years. Up to 30% of all cases had had common colds prior to the disease. […] Recurrences of acute viral vertigo had been thought to be uncommon, generally with an incidence rate in earlier publications of under 5% with follow up of under 10 years. […] A more recent study found vestibular neuritis to have a nearly 11% recurrence risk by telephone interview and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, often a sequela of vestibular neuritis, had a greater than 15% recurrence risk. […] In the same study, recurrence of vertigo symptoms of any type was at a 26% incidence suggesting that some degree of recurrent symptoms is not rare at all and that fits with our clinical experience.

• #24 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Vestibular Neuritis (or neuronitis) is a vestibular condition that is commonly caused by the inflammation of the vestibular branch of the 8th cranial nerve, which is responsible for carrying the signals of the balance organs of the inner ear (commonly known as vestibular labyrinth). […] It is one of the most common causes of vertigo due to an inner ear dysfunction and typically occurs between the ages of 30 and 60. […] Labyrinthitis is caused by more extensive inflammation, typically involving both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve. […] Vestibular neuritis is most likely related to a viral etiology, similar to Bells palsy and some types of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. […] Recent studies implicate Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) to be the most common cause of vestibular neuritis.

• #25 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #26 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Other viruses that may lead to vestibular neuritis include EBV, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. […] Bacterial infections and autoimmune conditions are infrequent causes of inflammation of the inner ear and should also be investigated. […] It is rare for a stroke to present with an isolated vertigo episode as the only symptom. […] Labyrinthitis occurs when the entire labyrinth is inflamed or both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve is affected, and results in vertigo, nausea, vomiting and decreased hearing. […] The acute phase symptoms typically resolve after a few days to weeks. […] AUVP/vestibular neuritis is the third most common trigger after BPPV and vestibular migraine of secondary functional dizziness, a disease now better known as Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). […] Accurate diagnosis of AUVP/Vestibular Neuritis is of the utmost importance. […] Vestibular rehabilitation is crucial in ensuring improvement of dynamic and chronic symptoms.

• #27 Vestibular neuritis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/vestibular-neuritis?lang=us

  Some consider this being the third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. It has an estimated annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population and may account for 7% of patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo. Vestibular neuritis is common between men and women aged 30-60 years old. […] Viral infections are thought to be the commonest causes of the vestibular neuritis, with bacterial infections being much less common. Most common viral causes of vestibular neuritis include herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) (considered the most common viral etiology), measles, rubella, mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza, and varicella/herpes zoster.

• #28 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Other viruses that may lead to vestibular neuritis include EBV, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. […] Bacterial infections and autoimmune conditions are infrequent causes of inflammation of the inner ear and should also be investigated. […] It is rare for a stroke to present with an isolated vertigo episode as the only symptom. […] Labyrinthitis occurs when the entire labyrinth is inflamed or both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve is affected, and results in vertigo, nausea, vomiting and decreased hearing. […] The acute phase symptoms typically resolve after a few days to weeks. […] AUVP/vestibular neuritis is the third most common trigger after BPPV and vestibular migraine of secondary functional dizziness, a disease now better known as Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). […] Accurate diagnosis of AUVP/Vestibular Neuritis is of the utmost importance. […] Vestibular rehabilitation is crucial in ensuring improvement of dynamic and chronic symptoms.

• #29 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Based on an epidemiological survey in Japan by major neuro-otology clinics (otolaryngologists) during 1988-1990 (3 years), there is no gender preference. The peak of age distribution was 40-50 years. Up to 30% of all cases had had common colds prior to the disease. […] Recurrences of acute viral vertigo had been thought to be uncommon, generally with an incidence rate in earlier publications of under 5% with follow up of under 10 years. […] A more recent study found vestibular neuritis to have a nearly 11% recurrence risk by telephone interview and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, often a sequela of vestibular neuritis, had a greater than 15% recurrence risk. […] In the same study, recurrence of vertigo symptoms of any type was at a 26% incidence suggesting that some degree of recurrent symptoms is not rare at all and that fits with our clinical experience.

• #30

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-022-01087-y

  Vestibular neuritis was first reported in 1952 by Dix and Hallpike, and 30% of patients reporting a flu-like symptom before acquiring the disorder. The most common causes are viral infections, often resulting from systemic viral infections or bacterial labyrinthitis. Several cases of vestibular neuritis have been reported in the COVID-19 patients and after the COVID-19 vaccination. This is the first case report of acute vestibular neuritis after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in a healthy pilot without past medical history. However, the authors believe that this is a primary clinical suspicion that must be considered and confirmed after complete investigations. […] Vestibular neuritis was first reported in 1952 by Dix and Hallpike with an incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 persons. Many terms have been used to describe this constellation of symptoms, including acute viral labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, vestibuloneuropathy, and epidemic vertigo. The typical onset age is between the fourth and seventh decades of life, with 30% of individuals reporting a flu-like symptom before acquiring the disorder. Vestibular neuritis most commonly affects the superior labyrinth and is a diagnosis of exclusion. The most common causes are viral infections, often resulting from a systemic virus such as influenza or the herpes viruses (which cause chickenpox, shingles, and cold sores). Bacterial forms are rare and can result from an untreated middle ear infection or meningitis.

• #31 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis-pro

  Vestibular neuritis is a very common cause of vertigo, labyrinthitis less so. […] There is a wide variability in reported prevalence of diseases causing vestibular dysfunction – from 3.1% one-year prevalence to 35.4%; however, in all studies the incidence increases with age. […] Vestibular neuritis affects adults and children but has a peak age of onset of 40-50 years. This incidence is about 3.5 cases per 100,000. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis. It is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. It is most common in the fourth decade with women outnumbering men by about 2:1. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis is rare in the post-antibiotic era.

• #32 Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | Better Health Channel

  https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are disorders that result in inflammation of the inner ear and the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain. […] The most common causes of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are viral infections. […] The infections that cause vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis may resolve without treatment within a few weeks. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis can start from an untreated middle ear infection, or in rare cases, as a result of meningitis. […] Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis can be diagnosed based on your medical history, answers to questions about the initial onset of the symptoms, your current symptoms, a physical examination, and results of balance and hearing tests carried out by an audiologist. […] Vestibular neuritis can be treated with corticosteroids (a type of anti-inflammatory medication) in the early stages, and, if necessary, with medication to reduce nausea and vertigo. […] The treatment of labyrinthitis depends on the likely cause.

• #33 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  There is little research into the incidence and prevalence of labyrinthitis, however, in South Korea, the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction varied from 3.1% to 35.4%, and the incidence increased with age. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form and is usually secondary to an upper respiratory tract infection. It typically presents in adults aged 30-60 and is twice as common in females. […] Suppurative bacterial labyrinthitis, as a complication of bacterial meningitis, is the commonest cause of deafness in children under age 2. Fortunately, this is exceedingly rare in the post-antibiotic era. Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can occur at any age and is typically found in cholesteatoma or secondary to untreated, longstanding otitis media.

• #34 Labyrinthitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560506/

  There is little research into the incidence and prevalence of labyrinthitis, however, in South Korea, the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction varied from 3.1% to 35.4%, and the incidence increased with age. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form and is usually secondary to an upper respiratory tract infection. It typically presents in adults aged 30-60 and is twice as common in females. […] Suppurative bacterial labyrinthitis, as a complication of bacterial meningitis, is the commonest cause of deafness in children under age 2. Fortunately, this is exceedingly rare in the post-antibiotic era. Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can occur at any age and is typically found in cholesteatoma or secondary to untreated, longstanding otitis media.

• #35 Labyrinthitis: Background, Etiology, Epidemiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

  Epidemiology […] Although definitive epidemiologic data are lacking, viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis observed in clinical practice. The prevalence of sudden SNHL is estimated at 1 case in 10,000 persons, with up to 40% of these patients complaining of vertigo or dysequilibrium. […] One study reported that 37 of 240 patients presenting with positional vertigo had viral labyrinthitis. […] Viral labyrinthitis is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. Meningogenic suppurative labyrinthitis is usually observed in children younger than 2 years, which is the population most at risk for meningitis. […] Otogenic suppurative labyrinthitis can be observed in persons of any age in the presence of cholesteatoma or as a complication of untreated acute otitis media. Serous labyrinthitis is more common in the pediatric age group, in which the vast majority of acute and chronic otitis media cases are observed.

• #36 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #37 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  Vestibular neuritis, inflammation of the balance nerve, is the second or third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo with benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo thought to be the most common. […] Vertigo is a relatively common problem, which has about a 1-year prevalence estimate of 3-5%. […] An enormous study from Taiwan used national health diagnosis code data from office visits for vertigo to study the overall prevalence of unspecified vertigo. […] An overall prevalence rate was 3.1% or about 3.13 per 100 population. Of that number, nearly 38% had had a recurrence at least once. […] Acute initial vestibular neuritis is said to have an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population accounting for 7% of the patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo.

• #38 Vestibular neuritis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

  https://radiopaedia.org/articles/vestibular-neuritis?lang=us

  Some consider this being the third most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. It has an estimated annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population and may account for 7% of patients at outpatient clinics specializing in the treatment of vertigo. Vestibular neuritis is common between men and women aged 30-60 years old. […] Viral infections are thought to be the commonest causes of the vestibular neuritis, with bacterial infections being much less common. Most common viral causes of vestibular neuritis include herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) (considered the most common viral etiology), measles, rubella, mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza, and varicella/herpes zoster.

• #39 Vestibular Neuronitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549866/

  Vestibular neuritis is thought to be the result of inflammation of the vestibular portion of the eighth cranial nerve and classically presents with vertigo, nausea, and gait imbalance. […] The data is lacking regarding the incidence of acute vestibular neuritis, but it is known to be the third most common cause of peripheral vertigo following BPPV and Meniere disease. Estimates are that acute vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis gets diagnosed in 6% of patients who present to emergency departments in the USA with the complaint of dizziness. […] It has no gender preference and usually affects those in their middle ages.

• #40 Epidemiology of Vestibular Disorders in the Otoneurology Unit | Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-acta-otorrinolaringologica-espanola-402-articulo-epidemiology-vestibular-disorders-in-otoneurology-S2173573517301047

  Epidemiology of Vestibular Disorders in the Otoneurology Unit […] The aim of this study is to establish the epidemiology of vestibular disorders, their form of presentation, and the expected care burden in a specialist otoneurology clinic. […] The availability of precise information on the prevalence and impact of vestibular disorders is important to enable the health services to plan an appropriate response to the expected care demand in the community. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular migraine are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in otoneurology clinics.

• #41 Epidemiology of Vestibular Disorders in the Otoneurology Unit | Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

  https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-acta-otorrinolaringologica-espanola-102-articulo-epidemiology-vestibular-disorders-in-otoneurology-S2173573517301047

  Epidemiology of Vestibular Disorders in the Otoneurology Unit […] The aim of this study is to establish the epidemiology of vestibular disorders, their form of presentation, and the expected care burden in a specialist otoneurology clinic. […] The availability of precise information on the prevalence and impact of vestibular disorders is important to enable the health services to plan an appropriate response to the expected care demand in the community. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular migraine are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in otoneurology clinics. […] There are few studies quantifying the frequency of onset of the various vestibular disorders that present in specialist otoneurology units in the Spanish population.

• #42 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #43 Labyrinthitis – WikiProjectMed

  https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis affects approximately 35 million people per year (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people). It typically occurs in those between 30 and 60 years of age, and there are no significant differences between male and female incidence rates. In 95% of cases, sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover. Vestibular rehabilitation showed a statistically significant increase in controlling symptoms over no intervention in people who have vestibular neuritis.

• #44 Vestibular Neuritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/794489-overview

  Dizziness is the primary ED complaint in 3.3% of US ED visits, and approximately 5.6% of these patients are diagnosed with vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. Thus, the annual incidence of these two diagnoses in US EDs is approximately 150,000 patients. […] Most patients experience complete recovery within a few weeks. A minority have recurrent vertiginous episodes following rapid head movement for years after onset. […] Studies have shown no consistent male or female predominance. Vestibular neuritis occurs most commonly in middle-aged adults; mean age of onset is 41 years.

• #45 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Based on an epidemiological survey in Japan by major neuro-otology clinics (otolaryngologists) during 1988-1990 (3 years), there is no gender preference. The peak of age distribution was 40-50 years. Up to 30% of all cases had had common colds prior to the disease. […] Recurrences of acute viral vertigo had been thought to be uncommon, generally with an incidence rate in earlier publications of under 5% with follow up of under 10 years. […] A more recent study found vestibular neuritis to have a nearly 11% recurrence risk by telephone interview and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, often a sequela of vestibular neuritis, had a greater than 15% recurrence risk. […] In the same study, recurrence of vertigo symptoms of any type was at a 26% incidence suggesting that some degree of recurrent symptoms is not rare at all and that fits with our clinical experience.

• #46 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Based on an epidemiological survey in Japan by major neuro-otology clinics (otolaryngologists) during 1988-1990 (3 years), there is no gender preference. The peak of age distribution was 40-50 years. Up to 30% of all cases had had common colds prior to the disease. […] Recurrences of acute viral vertigo had been thought to be uncommon, generally with an incidence rate in earlier publications of under 5% with follow up of under 10 years. […] A more recent study found vestibular neuritis to have a nearly 11% recurrence risk by telephone interview and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, often a sequela of vestibular neuritis, had a greater than 15% recurrence risk. […] In the same study, recurrence of vertigo symptoms of any type was at a 26% incidence suggesting that some degree of recurrent symptoms is not rare at all and that fits with our clinical experience.

• #47 Vestibular Neuritis and Viral Labyrinthitis | Tampa Bay Hearing and Balance Center

  https://www.tampabayhearing.com/ear-education/vestibular-education/vestibular-neuritis-and-viral-labyrinthitis/

  The reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is thought to be likely cause. […] Based on an epidemiological survey in Japan by major neuro-otology clinics (otolaryngologists) during 1988-1990 (3 years), there is no gender preference. The peak of age distribution was 40-50 years. Up to 30% of all cases had had common colds prior to the disease. […] Recurrences of acute viral vertigo had been thought to be uncommon, generally with an incidence rate in earlier publications of under 5% with follow up of under 10 years. […] A more recent study found vestibular neuritis to have a nearly 11% recurrence risk by telephone interview and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, often a sequela of vestibular neuritis, had a greater than 15% recurrence risk. […] In the same study, recurrence of vertigo symptoms of any type was at a 26% incidence suggesting that some degree of recurrent symptoms is not rare at all and that fits with our clinical experience.

• #48 Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis | Doctor

  https://patient.info/doctor/vestibular-neuritis-and-labyrinthitis-pro

  Vestibular neuritis is a very common cause of vertigo, labyrinthitis less so. […] There is a wide variability in reported prevalence of diseases causing vestibular dysfunction – from 3.1% one-year prevalence to 35.4%; however, in all studies the incidence increases with age. […] Vestibular neuritis affects adults and children but has a peak age of onset of 40-50 years. This incidence is about 3.5 cases per 100,000. […] Viral labyrinthitis is the most common form of labyrinthitis. It is usually observed in adults aged 30-60 years and is rarely observed in children. It is most common in the fourth decade with women outnumbering men by about 2:1. […] Bacterial labyrinthitis is rare in the post-antibiotic era.

• #49 Vestibular Neuronitis

  https://fpnotebook.com/ENT/Vstblr/VstblrNrnts.htm

  Second most common peripheral cause of Vertigo. […] May occur in several family members (Epidemic Vertigo). […] More common in ages 30 to 50 years old.

• #50

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13365-022-01087-y

  These days, different possible side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines are under close investigation, and many cases were reported in the literature yet. Many cases of vestibular neuritis were presented after COVID-19 vaccination too. However, this was the first case of vestibular neuritis after COVID-19 vaccination in a pilot. […] According to the civil aviation medical authorities, the pilots with acute vestibular neuritis must be suspended from flying duties, evaluated, and treated by an otolaryngologist or neurologist who agreed with the diagnosis. They must be grounded during treatment due to their symptoms and medication side effects which may be an important hazard for flight safety. After the resolution of symptoms and a satisfactory report from the aeromedical examiner, the pilot may become eligible for the waiver and return to flying with 1 year of operational multi-pilot limitation (OML). Then, if there is no symptom of recurrence, he can fly without restriction.

• #51 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #52 Viral labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis | MedLink Neurology

  https://www.medlink.com/articles/viral-labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis

  Vestibular neuritis is a common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo, with an annual incidence of 3.5 per 100,000 population. […] Vestibular neuritis chiefly affects those 30 to 50 years of age, without preference for sex. […] In Norway, in the period from 2011 to 2021, the number of patients admitted to the hospital for vestibular neuritis (an approximation of incidence) was 11.2 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (range 8.2-15.3). […] In Japan, there is also a higher incidence of vestibular neuritis, estimated at 7.1 per 100,000 population, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.96 and mean age of 60.3 years (range 11-94 years). […] No clear seasonal pattern has been demonstrated for incident cases of vestibular neuritis. […] A genome-wide association study of vestibular neuritis identified four regions containing protein coding genes related to host factors for viral replication or associated with insulin metabolism and resistance. […] A later case-control study by the same group identified a significant association of the rs12979860-T risk allele for herpes labialis severity with susceptibility to vestibular neuritis, providing further indirect evidence for the involvement of HSV-1 in vestibular neuritis pathogenesis.

• #53 Labyrinthitis – WikiProjectMed

  https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

  Labyrinthitis affects approximately 35 million people per year (approximately 3.5 cases per 100,000 people). It typically occurs in those between 30 and 60 years of age, and there are no significant differences between male and female incidence rates. In 95% of cases, sufferers experience a single attack and fully recover. Vestibular rehabilitation showed a statistically significant increase in controlling symptoms over no intervention in people who have vestibular neuritis.

• #54 Labyrinthitis and Vestibular Neuritis – Vestibular Disorders Association

  https://vestibular.org/article/diagnosis-treatment/types-of-vestibular-disorders/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis/

  Other viruses that may lead to vestibular neuritis include EBV, polio, mumps, measles, hepatitis, and influenza viruses. […] Bacterial infections and autoimmune conditions are infrequent causes of inflammation of the inner ear and should also be investigated. […] It is rare for a stroke to present with an isolated vertigo episode as the only symptom. […] Labyrinthitis occurs when the entire labyrinth is inflamed or both branches of the cochleovestibular nerve is affected, and results in vertigo, nausea, vomiting and decreased hearing. […] The acute phase symptoms typically resolve after a few days to weeks. […] AUVP/vestibular neuritis is the third most common trigger after BPPV and vestibular migraine of secondary functional dizziness, a disease now better known as Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD). […] Accurate diagnosis of AUVP/Vestibular Neuritis is of the utmost importance. […] Vestibular rehabilitation is crucial in ensuring improvement of dynamic and chronic symptoms.

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