Materiały źródłowe

• #1

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol

  Worldwide, around 2.6 million deaths were caused by alcohol consumption in 2019. Of this, 209 million people (3.7% of the adult world population) lived with alcohol dependence. […] The data on global alcohol consumption in 2019 shows that an estimated 400 million people aged 15 years and older live with alcohol use disorders, and an estimated 209 million live with alcohol dependence. […] In 2019, alcohol use was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths among men and 2.4% of all deaths among women. […] The WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) presents data on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption, alcohol-attributable health and social consequences and policy responses across the world.

• #1

  https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/global-information-system-on-alcohol-and-health

  The Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) is an essential tool for assessing and monitoring the health situation and trends related to alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, and policy responses in countries. The harmful use of alcohol results in the death of 2.6 million people annually. […] In 2019, the worldwide total consumption was equal to 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per person 15 years and older. Unrecorded consumption accounts for 21% of the worldwide total consumption. […] Alcohol consumption 56% of adults abstained from alcohol in the past 12 months, in 2019 National alcohol policy 56% of Member States reported having one in 2019.

• #1 Alcohol Abuse Statistics [2023]: National + State Data – NCDAS

  https://drugabusestatistics.org/alcohol-abuse-statistics/

  Alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) kill over 3 million people each year, accounting for up to 6% of global deaths. […] 10% 1-in-10 Americans over the age of 12 have Alcohol Use Disorder. […] Most American adults consume alcohol at least once in their lifetime. Among them, 6.7% will develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). […] 10.2% of Americans aged 12 years and older had Alcohol Use Disorder in 2020. […] Every day, 385 Americans die as a result of excessive alcohol use. […] Worldwide, up to 3 million people die every year as a result of alcohol abuse. […] Alcohol-related deaths account for at least 5.3% (some estimate as high as 6.0%) of the worlds deaths. […] The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined excessive alcohol use is responsible for 7.1% of disease among males and 2.2% among females.

• #1 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the United States: Age Groups and Demographic Characteristics | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

  https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics/alcohol-use-disorder-aud-united-states-age-groups-and-demographic-characteristics

  28.9 million people ages 12 and older had AUD in 2023. According to the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 28.9 million people ages 12 and older (10.2% in this age group) had AUD in the past year. […] According to the 2023 NSDUH, 757,000 youth ages 12 to 17 (2.9% in this age group) had AUD in the past year. […] According to the 2023 NSDUH, 28.1 million adults ages 18 and older (10.9% in this age group) had AUD in the past year.

• #1 Alcohol Use Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436003/

  Alcohol is the most commonly used substance in the United States, with 67.4% of those 18 and older reporting alcohol use in the past year, according to the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. […] The prevalence of AUD is estimated to be 29.5 million among those 12 and older as of 2022, and, as of 2019, AUD was the most commonly diagnosed substance use disorder, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration.

• #1 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation: Overview, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/805084-overview

  Quantitative information on the prevalence of substance abuse is difficult to obtain because of the unwillingness of abusers to accurately disclose consumption. Surveys are taken routinely in high schools and door-to-door in communities, but complete figures are not available. […] The 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) found that in the United States, 79.1% of people aged 12 years or older reported drinking alcohol at some time in their life. That included 21.6% of youths aged 12-17 years. […] The 2023 NSDUH also revealed that 62.5% of people aged 12 years or older in the United States reported drinking alcohol in the previous year, including 16.9% of youth aged 12-17 years, while 47.5% of people aged 12 years or older reported having had alcohol in the previous month.

• #1 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation: Overview, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/805084-overview

  According to the survey, heavy alcohol use in the previous month was reported by 5.8% of people aged 12 years or older, with heavy drinking defined for men as at least five drinks on any day or at least 15 drinks per week, and for women as at least four drinks on any day or at least eight drinks per week. For young people aged 12-17 years, 0.5% reported heavy drinking in the previous month. […] The 2023 NSDUH also reported that 10.2% of people aged 12 years or older had an AUD in the previous year. That included 2.9% of youths aged 12-17 years. […] The survey found that among people aged 12 years or older with an AUD in the previous year, about 8% underwent treatment for it in that year, including 9.7% of young people aged 12-17 years with an AUD. […] Moreover, the 2023 NSDUH found that 16.8% of people aged 12 years or older had used an illicit drug in the previous month and that overall in 2023, 17.1% of people aged 12 years or older had a substance use disorder (SUD, including those with an AUD) in the previous year. Misuse of opioids, including heroin and prescription pain relievers, in the previous year was reported by 3.1% of the population aged 12 years or older, according to the survey. […] The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) states that the highly addictive form of amphetamine known as methamphetamine is used by about 2 million people aged 12 years or older in any given year, with about 500 people per day trying it for the first time.

• #1 Epidemiology: How Prevalent is Addiction? – Recovery Research Institute

  https://www.recoveryanswers.org/addiction-101/epidemiology/

  Over the course of their entire lives, 29.1% of U.S. adults (18 and older) have met criteria for an alcohol use disorder, and 9.9% met criteria for another drug use disorder (e.g., opioid, cocaine, or marijuana use disorder). […] In the past 12 months only – corresponding with “current” substance use disorder – 10.5% of Americans aged 12 or older (29.5 million) met criteria for an alcohol use disorder and 9.7% (27.2 million) met criteria for at least one drug use disorder over the past year. […] For adolescents 12-17 years old, 5.0% met criteria for DSM-IV alcohol or other drug use disorder in the past 12 months. […] Compared to U.S. adult females, males are twice as likely to meet criteria for alcohol use disorder in both the past 12 months and over the course of their entire lives.

• #1 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorders

  https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/552195

  This activity will review the diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorders, present an overview of the neurobiology of alcohol dependence, review pharmacotherapeutic options, and outline strategies for improving medication adherence in patients with alcohol dependence. […] Review the epidemiology of alcohol dependence and outline current and evolving diagnostic criteria. […] The 12-month prevalence of alcohol dependence is 3.81% in the United States. Alcohol dependence is more common among men than among women (5.42% vs 2.32%, respectively), although this difference is only statistically significant for some ethnic groups. […] There are problems with the current approach to diagnosing alcohol use disorders. Not all heavy drinkers meet the criteria for alcohol use disorders: only 41% of individuals who exceed the recommended levels of intake daily or near daily meet the dependence criteria, and only 16% meet the criteria for alcohol abuse, which means that 43% do not meet criteria for any alcohol use disorder.

• #1 Alcohol Consumption – Our World in Data

  https://ourworldindata.org/alcohol-consumption

  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) refers to the drinking of alcohol that causes mental and physical health problems. […] Alcohol use disorder, which includes alcohol dependence, is defined in the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases (available here). […] It’s estimated that globally, around 1 percent of the population has an alcohol use disorder. At the country level, as shown in the chart, this ranges from around 0.5 to 5 percent of the population. […] The breakdown of alcohol use disorders by gender for any country can be viewed here; the majority of people with alcohol use disorders around three-quarters are male. […] The prevalence of alcohol dependence in men is typically higher than in women across all countries. […] Deaths from alcohol dependence can occur both directly or indirectly. Indirect deaths from alcohol use disorders can occur indirectly through suicide.

• #1 Alcohol Abuse Statistics [2023]: National + State Data – NCDAS

  https://drugabusestatistics.org/alcohol-abuse-statistics/

  Nearly 100,000 annual deaths are attributable to alcohol abuse. […] 53.7% of alcohol-related deaths are due to chronic misuse. […] 52.4% of chronic misuse deaths are attributable to alcohol alone; 47.6% include additional factors, such as other chronic health issues or drug abuse. […] 69.1% of alcohol-related deaths are men, a 3.2% decline from the previous years 5-year average. […] 31.8% of people who die from excessive alcohol use are between the ages of 50 and 64 years old. […] 16.1% of people who die from alcohol are under the age of 35. […] 54.8% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder. […] 52.4% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder. […] 66.1% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder.

• #1 Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: systematic review and metaregression | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/10/e011827

  Objective Historically, alcohol use and related harms are more prevalent in men than in women. However, emerging evidence suggests the epidemiology of alcohol use is changing in younger cohorts. The current study aimed to systematically summarise published literature on birth cohort changes in male-to-female ratios in indicators of alcohol use and related harms. […] Findings confirm the closing male-female gap in indicators of alcohol use and related harms. The closing male-female gap is most evident among young adults, highlighting the importance of prospectively tracking young male and female cohorts as they age into their 30s, 40s and beyond. […] Alcohol use and alcohol-related harms are among the most significant risk factors for burden of disease. Overall, they resulted in around 5 million deaths globally in 2010, and were responsible for more than 161 million years of life lost, equating to 5% of total global health burden. Historically, the prevalence of alcohol use and related harms has been between 2 and 12 times higher in men than women. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that the gap between men and women in alcohol use and related harms is closing among recently born cohorts. Understanding sex-specific birth cohort trends in the epidemiology of alcohol use is vital as they point to key environmental and social mechanisms associated with population shifts in alcohol use patterns.

• #1 Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: systematic review and metaregression | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/10/e011827

  The current study did not test specific hypotheses for why the male-female gap in alcohol use and alcohol-related harms is closing. However, speculative explanations can be proposed. Changes over time in female gender role traditionality may be one explanation for the closing male-female gap. […] The present study calls this assumption into question and suggests that young women in particular should be the target of concerted efforts to reduce the impact of substance use and related harms.

• #1 Epidemiology: How Prevalent is Addiction? – Recovery Research Institute

  https://www.recoveryanswers.org/addiction-101/epidemiology/

  For adults 18 and older, young adults 18-29 have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder both currently and over the course of their lives. […] Native American U.S. adults have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder during the past 12 months, as well as over the course of their lives, compared to other races/ethnicities. Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rates. […] The prevalence of alcohol use disorder is similar for individuals living in urban versus rural areas over the course of their lives, but is higher for urban dwellers in the past 12 months. […] Rates of alcohol use disorder are somewhat lower for individuals living in northeastern and southern states compared to those living in western states, both for the past 12 months and over the course of their lives.

• #1 Alcohol use disorder – Symptoms and causes – Mayo Clinic

  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/alcohol-use-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20369243

  Alcohol use disorder is a pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling your drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol or continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems. […] Alcohol use disorder occurs more frequently in the 20s and 30s, though it can start at any age. […] Risk factors for alcohol use disorder include steady drinking over time, starting at an early age, family history, depression and other mental health problems, history of trauma, having bariatric surgery, and social and cultural factors. […] Genetic, psychological, social and environmental factors can impact how drinking alcohol affects your body and behavior. Theories suggest that for certain people drinking has a different and stronger impact that can lead to alcohol use disorder.

• #1 The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Disorders Cross-Nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys

  https://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/faculty_work/1248/

  Prevalences of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) and Mental Health Disorders (MHDs) in many individual countries have been reported but there are few cross-national studies. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative standardizes methodological factors facilitating comparison of the prevalences and associated factors of AUDs in a large number of countries to identify differences and commonalities. […] Prevalence estimates of alcohol use and AUD across countries and WHO regions varied widely. Mean lifetime prevalence of alcohol use in all countries combined was 80%, ranging from 3.8% to 97.1%. Combined average population lifetime and 12-month prevalence of AUDs were 8.6% and 2.2% respectively and 10.7% and 4.4% among non-abstainers. Of individuals with a lifetime AUD, 43.9% had at least one lifetime MHD and 17.9% of respondents with a lifetime MHD had a lifetime AUD. For most comorbidity combinations, the MHD preceded the onset of the AUD. AUD prevalence was much higher for men than women. 15% of all lifetime AUD cases developed before age 18. Higher household income and being older at time of interview, married, and more educated, were associated with a lower risk for lifetime AUD and AUD persistence. […] Prevalence of alcohol use and AUD is high overall, with large variation worldwide. The WMH surveys corroborate the wide geographic consistency of a number of well-documented clinical and epidemiological findings and patterns.

• #1 The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders among Young People in Northern Tanzania | PLOS One

  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140041

  The prevalence of AUD did not vary significantly between regions except for male secondary school students from Kilimanjaro region who were more likely to be affected than male secondary school students in Mwanza. […] AUD was highly prevalent among male college students (27.5%, 95% CI: 13.630.9%); and common among male casual labourers (13.7%, 95%CI: 8.018.3%) and male secondary students (10.6%, 95%CI: 3.816.6%). […] Alcohol use among young people is a significant public health problem in northern Tanzania and probably other parts of the country, particularly among college students and casual labourers. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use among young people.

• #1 Alcohol consumption and related disorders in Iran: Results from the National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases’ Survey (STEPs) 2016 | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000107

  This study showed that alcohol consumption increased among 25 to 34-year-olds and then decreased with age, which is consistent with other reports from Iran. […] The prevalence of lifetime and current alcohol consumption was 8.00% (95% CI: 7.67–8.32) and 4.04% (95% CI: 3.8–4.3), respectively. […] At the provincial level, the highest and lowest percentages of age-standardized current alcohol consumption were, respectively, 13.22% (95% CI: 7.66–18.77) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0–1.51) in urban regions and 7.88% (95% CI: 3.98–11.77) and 0% in rural regions. […] Current alcohol drinkers were more likely to have poor dietary habits and fatty liver disease as compared to nondrinkers. […] The risk of injury increased more than two times in alcohol drinkers when compared to nondrinkers, which is consistent with earlier studies.

• #1 Alcohol Use Disorder – Epidemiology Forecast – 2032

  https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5174524/alcohol-use-disorder-epidemiology-forecast?srsltid=AfmBOor2jSvRZDR6624UaxKeifx4q6qx6VpS9Au5uZTlsVvNbqfvwatY

  Among the 7MM, the United States accounted for nearly 58% of the total 12-month diagnosed prevalent cases of AUD in the 7MM in the year 2021 which are expected to increase further by 2032. […] Among the EU5 countries, Germany had the highest 12-month diagnosed prevalent cases of AUD with 2,541,460 cases in 2021, while Spain had the lowest 12-month diagnosed prevalent population of AUD with 1,326,329 cases in 2021. […] In 2021, the 12-month diagnosed prevalent population of AUD in Japan was found to be 1,161,931 cases, which is expected to change for the study period of 2019-2032. […] According to estimates based on the publisher’s epidemiology model for AUD, the gender distribution of the disease suggests a male predominance across the 7MM, with 9,200,239 male and 5,407,953 female cases in the US in 2021. […] According to estimates based on the publisher’s epidemiology model for AUD, the type-specific distribution of the disease suggests that young adults make up the majority of the AUD cases (32%), followed by young antisocial cases (21%). While there were least cases of the chronic severe type.

• #1 Alcohol – PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization

  https://www.paho.org/en/topics/alcohol

  The harmful consumption of alcohol is associated with a range of health and social consequences, including injuries, several forms of cancer, chronic liver disease, heart disease, alcohol dependence, and domestic violence. […] Alcohol was responsible for 5.5% of all deaths in the Americas, and 6.7% of all disability-adjusted life years. […] 8.2% of the general population over 15 years old has an ALCOHOL USE DISORDER: […] 5.1% of women THE HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN THE WORLD (COMPARED TO ALL OTHER WHO REGIONS) […] 11.5% of men THE SECOND HIGHEST PREVALENCE IN THE WORLD (HIGHEST IS IN THE EUROPEAN REGION). […] Among the various psychoactive substances consumed in the region, alcohol is a leading risk factor for the burden of disease. […] The Region of the Americas ranks as the second-highest in consumption and in the burden of alcohol, after the European Region.

• #1 Alcoholism: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/285913-overview

  The World Health Organization (WHO) examined mental disorders in primary care offices and found that alcohol dependence or harmful use was present in 6% of patients. […] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 2.6 million deaths worldwide were caused by alcohol consumption in 2019, with most of these (2 million) occurring among men. The highest levels of alcohol-related deaths per 100,000 persons are observed in the WHO European and African Regions with 52.9 deaths and 52.2 deaths per 100,000 people, respectively. Globally, an estimated 237 million men and 46 million women have alcohol-use disorders, with the highest prevalence in Europe and the Americas. […] The two largest studies, the US National Comorbidity Survey and the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey, both showed a lower prevalence of alcoholism in African Americans than in White Americans. The prevalence was equal or higher in Hispanic Americans compared with White Americans.

• #1 Alcohol consumption and related disorders in Iran: Results from the National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases’ Survey (STEPs) 2016 | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000107

  Alcohol consumption is a public health concern which is illegal in Iran. Moreover, due to cultural and religious beliefs, the available population-based research findings on alcohol consumption are inadequate. We aimed to provide an estimate on alcohol consumption using a large-scale population-based survey in Iran. […] The National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Risk Factors in Iran was a population-based survey conducted in 2016. The epidemiologic distribution of alcohol consumption and its related disorders were assessed using weighted survey methods and multiple logistic regression models. Age standardized rates were calculated using Iran’s national population census in 2016. […] At the national level, the prevalence rates of lifetime and current alcohol consumption were 8.00% (95% CI: 7.67–8.32) and 4.04% (95% CI: 3.81–4.27), respectively. The highest prevalence was reported among 25 to 34 year-olds. Individuals of higher socioeconomic status consumed significantly greater levels of alcohol.

• #1 Epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol use disorder among female sex workers in Mbeya City, Tanzania | medRxiv

  https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.21.23300267v1.full-text

  The study identified socio-demographic factors associated with alcohol use similar to those observed among young individuals in northern Tanzania. Notably, having an income higher than the median and being unmarried were significant predictors of alcohol use. […] The study findings revealed a significant prevalence of high alcohol consumption, with 48.5% of individuals who consume alcohol reporting high episodic drinking (HED). This proportion is considerably higher compared to rates observed in Kenya and Ethiopia. […] These findings correlate with observations made in Kampala. Additionally, individuals with HED were found to be three times more likely to engage in inconsistent condom usage, which is a concern for HIV prevention efforts.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  The COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological stress, anxiety, and tension at the individual and societal levels. Alcohol consumption is a common coping mechanism for psychological distress. A study of the annual differences in monthly alcohol-associated beverage sales between 1992 and 2020 illustrated the largest absolute amount of sales from March 2020 to September 2020, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In Canada, alcohol sales increased monthly by 5.5% from March 2020 to June 2021. These increases in alcohol sales and consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the outcomes of patients with ALD. […] An increase in the incidence and prevalence of AUD and ALD is alarming for liver providers and the health care systems and countries that they work within. Given that alcohol abstinence is the cornerstone for the improvement of ALD outcomes, an effective strategy to treat AUD becomes an essential component in the management of patients with ALD to prevent or ameliorate liver injury and disease progression.

• #1 Ask an expert

  https://www.idraac.org/home/research-and-publications/pub?id=688

  Of individuals with a lifetime AUD, 43.9% had at least one lifetime MHD and 17.9% of respondents with a lifetime MHD had a lifetime AUD. […] For most comorbidity combinations, the MHD preceded the onset of the AUD. […] AUD prevalence was much higher for men than women. […] 15% of all lifetime AUD cases developed before age 18. […] Higher household income and being older at time of interview, married, and more educated, were associated with a lower risk for lifetime AUD and AUD persistence. […] Prevalence of alcohol use and AUD is high overall, with large variation worldwide. […] The WMH surveys corroborate the wide geographic consistency of a number of well-documented clinical and epidemiological findings and patterns.

• #1 What is Alcohol Use Disorder? – Stormont Vail HealthStormont Vail Health

  https://www.stormontvail.org/what-is-alcohol-use-disorder/

  20% to 40% of people receiving treatment for an anxiety disorder […] […] Furthermore, other factors can also increase one’s risk, such as drinking from a young age, genetics, and family history. […] Overcoming the numerous external and internal factors that increase one’s risk of alcohol use disorder can seem daunting. Fortunately, many resources and treatment options are available in multiple settings, including primary care. Personalized evidence-based treatments, including cognitive and behavioral therapies, support groups, and medication, can go a long way in reaching (and continuing) recovery. […] Of course, there is no universal treatment to guarantee success. For example, group therapy may offer the support one needs, while someone else may require individualized therapy sessions. In addition, depending on the level of severity and the presence of underlying mental health issues, inpatient treatment may be necessary before outpatient options can begin.

• #1 Alcohol and Drug Epidemiology – Team Danielsson | Karolinska Institutet

  https://ki.se/en/research/research-areas-centres-and-networks/research-groups/epidemiology-of-psychiatric-conditions-substance-use-and-social-environment-epicss-christina-dalmans-research-group/alcohol-and-drug-epidemiology-team-danielsson

  Our research addresses multiple themes related to the short- and long-term health and social effects of substance use, identification of at-risk groups for harmful effects of alcohol, and drugs, the possibilities for preventive interventions at individual and community levels, and the development of more effective treatment. […] We also compare the alcohol and drug attributed disease burden in relation to policy change, in the Nordic and European countries. […] The importance of alcohol and drug use on the disease burden. […] Alcohol-attributed disease burden and formal alcohol policies in the Nordic countries (1990-2019): an analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. […] Alcohol dependence: level of consumption, severity of dependence, health status and treatment impact on long term outcomes.

• #1 Epidemiology of comorbid hazardous alcohol use and insomnia in 19 185 women and men attending the population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016 | BMC Public Health | Full Text

  https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-022-13250-5

  Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the adult general population. It occurs also highly comorbid with hazardous alcohol use and alcohol use disorders with comorbid prevalence ranging between 75-92% in population-based samples. The primary aim of the present study was to estimate the gender-specific prevalence of comorbid hazardous alcohol use and insomnia in a representative population-based sample of women and men. The nested logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between hazardous alcohol use and insomnia. The higher prevalence of insomnia among participants with hazardous alcohol use are in line with previous findings. We found hazardous alcohol use to be associated with increased insomnia, however, the inclusion of mental distress rendered this relationship non-significant. The findings from this general population sample showed that having a hazardous alcohol use yielded a higher prevalence of insomnia.

• #1 Addressing Alcohol Related Harms A Population Level Response

  https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2020/01/14/addressing-alcohol-related-harms-a-population-level-response

  Binge drinking is the country’s most deadly, costly, and common form of excessive drinking, accounting for 54% of alcohol-related deaths, 66% of years of potential life lost, and 77% of economic costs. […] In the United States, rates of excessive drinking have increased among middle-aged non-Hispanic White men and women. […] Excessive alcohol consumption has been steadily rising over the last decade, particularly among women, older adults, members of racial and ethnic minority groups, and those of lower socioeconomic status. […] Alcohol harms human health across a number of domains; it is a causal risk factor for at least seven cancers, liver disease, infectious diseases, unintentional injuries, violent crime (including physical and sexual assault and homicide), mental health conditions (e.g., anxiety, stress, and depression), and suicide.

• #1 Addressing Alcohol Related Harms A Population Level Response

  https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2020/01/14/addressing-alcohol-related-harms-a-population-level-response

  Alcohol consumption is associated with a seven-fold greater risk for suicide, and heavy alcohol use is associated with a 37-fold greater risk. […] Alcohol-related harms occur through a combination of the volume of alcohol consumed and the pattern of consumption; dose-response relationships can be seen with many major disease categories. […] Each day, excessive drinking is associated with nearly half of the homicides occurring in the United States. […] In 2017, nearly 11,000 people died in a motor vehicle crash involving an alcohol-impaired driver, accounting for more than 25% of all traffic deaths in the United States during that year. […] In addition to being the leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, drinking alcohol while pregnant may lead to a number of childhood conditions that fall within the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

• #1

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common adverse health-related consequences of at-risk alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). ALD comprises a spectrum of histopathological changes in patients with excessive alcohol use, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis (AH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. AUD is a medical condition with the use of an increasing quantity of alcohol and loss of control over drinking despite adverse health, social, and occupational consequences. […] According to the data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), ~14.5 million people of ages 12 years or older with a past year substance use disorders had a history of AUD. Similarly, in Canada, 21% of the population consumed alcohol at levels exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines. AUD has an impact on health care utilization. In a study to determine the trends in hospitalizations for AUD in the United States from 1998 to 2016, there was a 3.5% increase in AUD hospitalizations from 274,652 hospitalizations in 1998 to 284,275 hospitalizations in 2016. In Canada, the rate of hospitalizations due to AUD (258 per 100,000) outpaced the rate of hospitalizations for heart attacks (241 per 100,000) in 2019; rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol increased 4.4 times more than the rates of overall emergency department visits.

• #1 Risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, adverse consequences, screening, and assessment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risky-drinking-and-alcohol-use-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-adverse-consequences-screening-and-assessment

  Risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, adverse consequences, screening, and assessment […] The degree to which individuals consume alcohol varies greatly, as does alcohol’s impact on health and the risk of associated behavioral and medical problems. An estimated 4 to 40 percent of patients with medical and surgical needs experience problems related to alcohol. The annual economic cost of alcohol use is estimated to be over $250 billion. In the years 2020 to 2021 in the United States, excessive alcohol use resulted in 178,000 deaths per year or 488 deaths per day, representing a 29 percent increase from previously. […] Unhealthy alcohol use ranges from use that puts patients at risk of health consequences to use causing multiple medical and/or behavioral problems meeting the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder.

• #1 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Epidemiology Program

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/safety-injury-prev/environmental-health/topics/alcohol-substance-epi

  Overall, 60 percent of Michigan adults, aged 18 and older, used alcohol in the past month, while 16 percent of youth aged 12 to 17 consumed alcohol. In addition, 27 percent of adults and 10 percent of youth binge drank in the past month. Excessive alcohol use is the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death for people in the United States each year. From 2001-2005, there were approximately 79,000 deaths annually attributable to excessive alcohol use in the United States. […] In 2008, there were approximately 190,000 emergency rooms visits by persons under age 21 for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol in the United States. […] Alcohol-Attributable Hospitalizations among Michigan Residents, 2001-2010.

• #1 Ch. 10.2: Alcohol Epidemiology – Introduction to Substance Use Disorders

  https://pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu/substancemisusepart1/chapter/ch-9-2/

  In the United States, a majority of individuals either do not drink alcohol (35%) or do so at low-risk levels (37%), however about 28% drink at levels placing them at risk for AUD or other serious health consequences (NIAAA, 2016). […] 51.1% reported having used alcohol in the past month (considered current use). […] 24.5% reported having engaged in binge drinking in the past month. […] 6.1% reported heavy alcohol use in the past month. […] It seems a majority of individuals who currently drink alcohol do so within reasonless than binge or heavy drinking patterns. […] Among all 2018 NSDUH survey respondents, 3.9% perceived a need for specialized alcohol treatment during the past year; 1.6% made an effort to receive treatment (SAMHSA, 2019). […] Individuals who have a diagnosable substance use disorder most commonly have a problem with alcohol.

• #1 Ch. 10.2: Alcohol Epidemiology – Introduction to Substance Use Disorders

  https://pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu/substancemisusepart1/chapter/ch-9-2/

  Over 19.7 million individuals aged 12 or older (7.2% of population) were estimated to experience a substance use disorder (SUD) involving alcohol and/or and illicit drug use during the past year; the vast majority involved alcohol alone (5.3%) or in combination (0.9%) with illicit drugs (alcohol and other drugs, AOD), leaving 1% with an illicit drugs-only form of SUD. […] For individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for AUD, particularly in the more severe range, formal AUD treatment may be needed. […] The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has established a set of guiding decision rules to help determine the appropriate level of care related to assessment of individuals in need of alcohol (or other substance) treatment intervention. […] Recovery from alcohol use disorders, with or without formal treatment, may best be supported with appropriate case management or wrap-around supportive services (Zweben West, 2020), as well as peer support and/or mutual help program participation (Bersamira, 2020; Zweben West, 2020).

• #1 About Surveys on Alcohol Use in the United States | Alcohol Use | CDC

  https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/about-data/surveillance-surveys/index.html

  CDC and other public health agencies use surveys to study alcohol use, drinking patterns, and health risks in the United States. This survey collects state-level data on current alcohol use; number of drinking days; average number of drinks per occasion; maximum number of drinks consumed per drinking occasion; and frequency of binge drinking. This survey collects data every other year from U.S. students, including age at first drink of alcohol; frequency of drinking; frequency of binge drinking; and drinking related to other behaviors, such as driving. This survey collects information on a broad range of health topics, like current alcohol use and binge drinking among adults. This survey gathers data on lifetime alcohol use, current alcohol use, and binge drinking. This survey collects information on alcohol consumption and pregnancy. This survey collects data on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs; symptoms of substance use disorders; and use of alcohol and drug treatments. This survey gathers data from students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades about alcohol and other substance use. This survey collects information on the relationship between drinking patterns and specific problems. It also gathers data on risk and protective factors such as drug use, disability, poverty, resilience, and access to services.

• #1 CDC – Public Health Surveillance – Alcohol

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/alcohol/surveillance.htm

  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Worlds largest telephone survey that tracks health behaviors, chronic diseases, and preventive health practices among non-institutionalized adults in the United States. It collects data on current drinking; the number of drinking days; average number of drinks per occasion; maximum number of drinks consumed per drinking occasion; and frequency of binge drinking. […] National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Longitudinal survey of alcohol use disorders and associated disabilities among the non-institutionalized household adults, 18 years and older residing in the United States. The survey assesses alcohol use disorders and disabilities in the general population and provides information related to treatment. […] National Survey on Drug Use and Health (formerly the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) In-home survey that gathers information on mental health and substance abuse, from non-institutionalized persons aged 12 years and older. Collects data on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as symptoms of substance abuse or dependence.

• #1 Alcohol Use

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/alcohol_surveillance/

  More than 8,050 New Yorkers die each year due to excessive alcohol use, shortening the lives of those who die by an average of 24 years. […] Excessive alcohol use can lead to both short- and long-term health issues. […] The New York State Alcohol Surveillance and Epidemiology Program (ASEP) was established in September 2021 through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct public health surveillance on excessive alcohol use and its related harms in New York State. […] The goal of the ASEP is to reduce excessive alcohol use and its related harms through: Monitoring and sharing data on excessive alcohol use and its related harms to inform prevention efforts, Developing partnerships with state and local entities to collaborate on prevention efforts, Increasing awareness about the public health impact of excessive alcohol use among partners and the public, Building support for population-based policy and environmental changes to reduce excessive alcohol use. […] The Alcohol Surveillance and Epidemiology Workgroup (ASEW) is a network of data experts and prevention partners brought together to examine the patterns, context, and impact of excessive alcohol use in New York State.

• #1 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Epidemiology Program

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/safety-injury-prev/environmental-health/topics/alcohol-substance-epi

  The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) receives federal funding to conduct public health surveillance on the effects of alcohol and drug abuse on Michigan’s population. The Bureau of Disease Control, Prevention, and Epidemiology provides epidemiological support to programmatic efforts related to alcohol and drugs provided by other Michigan and national agencies. […] The MDHHS, Bureau of Disease Control, Prevention, and Epidemiology receives support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct public health surveillance on how alcohol affects Michigan’s population. Our focus consists of monitoring alcohol-related disease and negative societal outcomes with a special interest in youth to develop environmental and policy indicators for Michigan.

• #1

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-021-03221-z

  There is a need for real-time and predictive data on alcohol use both broadly and specific to HIV. […] Social big data might help to address this problem and be used to provide near real-time assessments of people’s alcohol use and/or alcohol. […] This manuscript describes three types of social data sources (i.e., social media data, internet search data, and wearable device data) that might be used in surveillance of alcohol and HIV, and then discusses the implications and potential of implementing them as additional tools for public health surveillance.

• #1 Substance Use Epidemiology | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/academics/departments/epidemiology/research/substance-use-epidemiology

  Data indicate that in U.S. adults, alcohol and drug use and related problems have increased since 2000. […] A reasonable way to prevent injuries and other negative health outcomes may be to focus on alcohol sales outlet zoning and policies and the consumption of alcohol that may be associated with a proliferation of these outlets. Through multiple population-based case-control studies, our research teams have established relationships between high availability of alcohol outlets, alcohol consumption, and health and safety outcomes. […] Our unit is establishing a Columbia University interdisciplinary population-based center for the study of substance abuse policy, including marijuana, opioids, and alcohol.

• #1 The epidemiology of alcohol use disorder and public health policies to tackle alcohol-related harm: a case study of Scotland and the minimum unit pricing for alcohol – Enlighten Theses

  https://theses.gla.ac.uk/84737/

  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) in Scotland is a public health concern. In 2021, it was estimated that 23% of the Scottish population drank at hazardous or harmful levels, and 17% of children lived with at least one parent with AUD. In 2015, AUD contributed to 6.5% of all deaths. Alarmingly, Scotland also has high figures on alcohol-related harms compared to neighbouring UK nations like England and Wales. For instance, in 2018, Scottish alcohol-specific death rates were nearly twice as high for men and 87% higher for women compared to England Wales; consumption was also higher in Scotland, with 9% more alcohol sold per adult in 2019 than in England. Moreover, alcohol-related harms affect some population groups more severely than others, with important implications for health inequalities. […] To design policies aimed at tackling alcohol-related harm and the inequality associated with its burden, a deep understanding of the epidemiology of alcohol-related harm is needed.

• #1 Epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest among community-dwelling older adults: a protocol for a systematic review | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e035481

  There is little epidemiological evidence and knowledge about at-risk alcohol use among community-dwelling older adults and their chronic and acute alcohol-related comorbidities of interest. This systematic review will summarise and examine relevant studies about the epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest in this population. […] Epidemiological studies have shown declining alcohol use with age. However, the number of older adults exhibiting at-risk drinking is likely to increase when the age cohort born after 1950 (the baby boomers), with its heavier drinking habits, reaches old age. […] Our systematic review will explore at-risk alcohol use because we found no reviews on this issue in the international literature, even though awareness of at-risk alcohol use among the elderly is rising among the general population and healthcare professionals. […] Demonstrating a high prevalence, frequency or incidence of at-risk alcohol use among older home-dwelling adults could encourage physicians to use existing screening tests. This could be an important measure, considering that alcohol-related health problems reduce the length and quality of life.

• #1 NM-IBIS – Alcohol Use

  https://ibis.doh.nm.gov/topic/lifestyle/AlcoholUse.html

  The CDC makes several recommendations to prevent excessive alcohol use at a policy level, which include: Regulation of Alcohol Outlet Density, Increasing Alcohol Taxes, Maintaining Limits on Days and Hours of Sale, Enhanced Enforcement of Laws Prohibiting Sales to Minors, Clinical best practices such as Screening and Brief Intervention (SBIRT) for Alcohol use and Abuse.

• #1 Addressing Alcohol Related Harms A Population Level Response

  https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2020/01/14/addressing-alcohol-related-harms-a-population-level-response

  Rates of excessive alcohol use are also high in military populations. […] These studies suggest that rates of excessive alcohol use are higher among individuals from minority populations (e.g., racial/ethnic, gender, sexual identity, military status) and lower socioeconomic status groups and that these individuals are more likely to experience alcohol-related harms, including both morbidity and mortality, representing a clear equity issue. […] Addressing excessive alcohol consumption using individual-, community-, and population-level strategies simultaneously can create a comprehensive response at all levels. […] Given that the majority of adults who report current binge drinking do not meet diagnostic criteria for severe alcohol use disorder, prioritization of population-level, evidence-based strategies is paramount to adequately address the wide range of harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption across populations and locations. […] Research has shown that lowering the BAC per se limit for driving (per se denotes that a measurable alcohol content level above the legal limit is, in itself, illegal and a crime) from 0.08% to 0.05% would have a general deterrent impact on alcohol-impaired driving rates.

• #1 Toward a comprehensive picture of the epidemiology of alcohol and illicit drug use disorders: Novel analyses of the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Surveys

  https://www.unsw.edu.au/research/ndarc/ndarc-projects/toward-a-comprehensive-picture-of-the-epidemiology-of-alcohol-an

  We aim to: Estimate the incidence, prevalence, persistence and remission of alcohol and illicit substance use (cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines and opioids) and use disorders across 31 countries; […] A meeting of all WMHS collaborators was held in Boston in July 2016. Prof Degenhardt attended this meeting and Prof Degenhardt presented preliminary analysis showing cross-national prevalence alcohol use and alcohol use disorders.

• #2

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol

  Worldwide, around 2.6 million deaths were caused by alcohol consumption in 2019. Of this, 209 million people (3.7% of the adult world population) lived with alcohol dependence. […] The data on global alcohol consumption in 2019 shows that an estimated 400 million people aged 15 years and older live with alcohol use disorders, and an estimated 209 million live with alcohol dependence. […] In 2019, alcohol use was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths among men and 2.4% of all deaths among women. […] The WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) presents data on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption, alcohol-attributable health and social consequences and policy responses across the world.

• #2 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the United States: Age Groups and Demographic Characteristics | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

  https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohols-effects-health/alcohol-topics/alcohol-facts-and-statistics/alcohol-use-disorder-aud-united-states-age-groups-and-demographic-characteristics

  28.9 million people ages 12 and older had AUD in 2023. According to the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 28.9 million people ages 12 and older (10.2% in this age group) had AUD in the past year. […] According to the 2023 NSDUH, 757,000 youth ages 12 to 17 (2.9% in this age group) had AUD in the past year. […] According to the 2023 NSDUH, 28.1 million adults ages 18 and older (10.9% in this age group) had AUD in the past year.

• #2 Alcohol Use Disorder – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf

  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436003/

  Alcohol is the most commonly used substance in the United States, with 67.4% of those 18 and older reporting alcohol use in the past year, according to the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. […] The prevalence of AUD is estimated to be 29.5 million among those 12 and older as of 2022, and, as of 2019, AUD was the most commonly diagnosed substance use disorder, according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration.

• #2 Alcohol Abuse Statistics [2023]: National + State Data – NCDAS

  https://drugabusestatistics.org/alcohol-abuse-statistics/

  68.3% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder. […] 61.3% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder. […] 61.2% of excessive alcohol use deaths are from chronic causes, such as Alcohol Use Disorder. […] 66.0% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Vermont are male. […] 68.4% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Wisconsin are male. […] 70.6% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Illinois are male. […] 69.1% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Virginia are male. […] 70.5% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Indiana are male. […] 70.3% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in North Dakota are male. […] 68.6% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Idaho are male.

• #2 Alcohol Consumption – Our World in Data

  https://ourworldindata.org/alcohol-consumption

  Alcohol use disorder (AUD) refers to the drinking of alcohol that causes mental and physical health problems. […] Alcohol use disorder, which includes alcohol dependence, is defined in the WHO’s International Classification of Diseases (available here). […] It’s estimated that globally, around 1 percent of the population has an alcohol use disorder. At the country level, as shown in the chart, this ranges from around 0.5 to 5 percent of the population. […] The breakdown of alcohol use disorders by gender for any country can be viewed here; the majority of people with alcohol use disorders around three-quarters are male. […] The prevalence of alcohol dependence in men is typically higher than in women across all countries. […] Deaths from alcohol dependence can occur both directly or indirectly. Indirect deaths from alcohol use disorders can occur indirectly through suicide.

• #2 Epidemiology: How Prevalent is Addiction? – Recovery Research Institute

  https://www.recoveryanswers.org/addiction-101/epidemiology/

  For adults 18 and older, young adults 18-29 have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder both currently and over the course of their lives. […] Native American U.S. adults have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder during the past 12 months, as well as over the course of their lives, compared to other races/ethnicities. Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rates. […] The prevalence of alcohol use disorder is similar for individuals living in urban versus rural areas over the course of their lives, but is higher for urban dwellers in the past 12 months. […] Rates of alcohol use disorder are somewhat lower for individuals living in northeastern and southern states compared to those living in western states, both for the past 12 months and over the course of their lives.

• #2 The Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Disorders Cross-Nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys

  https://digitalcollections.dordt.edu/faculty_work/1248/

  Prevalences of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) and Mental Health Disorders (MHDs) in many individual countries have been reported but there are few cross-national studies. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative standardizes methodological factors facilitating comparison of the prevalences and associated factors of AUDs in a large number of countries to identify differences and commonalities. […] Prevalence estimates of alcohol use and AUD across countries and WHO regions varied widely. Mean lifetime prevalence of alcohol use in all countries combined was 80%, ranging from 3.8% to 97.1%. Combined average population lifetime and 12-month prevalence of AUDs were 8.6% and 2.2% respectively and 10.7% and 4.4% among non-abstainers. Of individuals with a lifetime AUD, 43.9% had at least one lifetime MHD and 17.9% of respondents with a lifetime MHD had a lifetime AUD. For most comorbidity combinations, the MHD preceded the onset of the AUD. AUD prevalence was much higher for men than women. 15% of all lifetime AUD cases developed before age 18. Higher household income and being older at time of interview, married, and more educated, were associated with a lower risk for lifetime AUD and AUD persistence. […] Prevalence of alcohol use and AUD is high overall, with large variation worldwide. The WMH surveys corroborate the wide geographic consistency of a number of well-documented clinical and epidemiological findings and patterns.

• #2 Alcohol consumption and related disorders in Iran: Results from the National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases’ Survey (STEPs) 2016 | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000107

  This study showed that alcohol consumption increased among 25 to 34-year-olds and then decreased with age, which is consistent with other reports from Iran. […] The prevalence of lifetime and current alcohol consumption was 8.00% (95% CI: 7.67–8.32) and 4.04% (95% CI: 3.8–4.3), respectively. […] At the provincial level, the highest and lowest percentages of age-standardized current alcohol consumption were, respectively, 13.22% (95% CI: 7.66–18.77) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0–1.51) in urban regions and 7.88% (95% CI: 3.98–11.77) and 0% in rural regions. […] Current alcohol drinkers were more likely to have poor dietary habits and fatty liver disease as compared to nondrinkers. […] The risk of injury increased more than two times in alcohol drinkers when compared to nondrinkers, which is consistent with earlier studies.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  The COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological stress, anxiety, and tension at the individual and societal levels. Alcohol consumption is a common coping mechanism for psychological distress. A study of the annual differences in monthly alcohol-associated beverage sales between 1992 and 2020 illustrated the largest absolute amount of sales from March 2020 to September 2020, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In Canada, alcohol sales increased monthly by 5.5% from March 2020 to June 2021. These increases in alcohol sales and consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the outcomes of patients with ALD. […] An increase in the incidence and prevalence of AUD and ALD is alarming for liver providers and the health care systems and countries that they work within. Given that alcohol abstinence is the cornerstone for the improvement of ALD outcomes, an effective strategy to treat AUD becomes an essential component in the management of patients with ALD to prevent or ameliorate liver injury and disease progression.

• #2 Ask an expert

  https://www.idraac.org/home/research-and-publications/pub?id=688

  Of individuals with a lifetime AUD, 43.9% had at least one lifetime MHD and 17.9% of respondents with a lifetime MHD had a lifetime AUD. […] For most comorbidity combinations, the MHD preceded the onset of the AUD. […] AUD prevalence was much higher for men than women. […] 15% of all lifetime AUD cases developed before age 18. […] Higher household income and being older at time of interview, married, and more educated, were associated with a lower risk for lifetime AUD and AUD persistence. […] Prevalence of alcohol use and AUD is high overall, with large variation worldwide. […] The WMH surveys corroborate the wide geographic consistency of a number of well-documented clinical and epidemiological findings and patterns.

• #2 What is Alcohol Use Disorder? – Stormont Vail HealthStormont Vail Health

  https://www.stormontvail.org/what-is-alcohol-use-disorder/

  20% to 40% of people receiving treatment for an anxiety disorder […] […] Furthermore, other factors can also increase one’s risk, such as drinking from a young age, genetics, and family history. […] Overcoming the numerous external and internal factors that increase one’s risk of alcohol use disorder can seem daunting. Fortunately, many resources and treatment options are available in multiple settings, including primary care. Personalized evidence-based treatments, including cognitive and behavioral therapies, support groups, and medication, can go a long way in reaching (and continuing) recovery. […] Of course, there is no universal treatment to guarantee success. For example, group therapy may offer the support one needs, while someone else may require individualized therapy sessions. In addition, depending on the level of severity and the presence of underlying mental health issues, inpatient treatment may be necessary before outpatient options can begin.

• #2 Addressing Alcohol Related Harms A Population Level Response

  https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2020/01/14/addressing-alcohol-related-harms-a-population-level-response

  Alcohol consumption is associated with a seven-fold greater risk for suicide, and heavy alcohol use is associated with a 37-fold greater risk. […] Alcohol-related harms occur through a combination of the volume of alcohol consumed and the pattern of consumption; dose-response relationships can be seen with many major disease categories. […] Each day, excessive drinking is associated with nearly half of the homicides occurring in the United States. […] In 2017, nearly 11,000 people died in a motor vehicle crash involving an alcohol-impaired driver, accounting for more than 25% of all traffic deaths in the United States during that year. […] In addition to being the leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, drinking alcohol while pregnant may lead to a number of childhood conditions that fall within the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

• #2 Risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, adverse consequences, screening, and assessment – UpToDate

  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/risky-drinking-and-alcohol-use-disorder-epidemiology-clinical-features-adverse-consequences-screening-and-assessment

  Risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical features, adverse consequences, screening, and assessment […] The degree to which individuals consume alcohol varies greatly, as does alcohol’s impact on health and the risk of associated behavioral and medical problems. An estimated 4 to 40 percent of patients with medical and surgical needs experience problems related to alcohol. The annual economic cost of alcohol use is estimated to be over $250 billion. In the years 2020 to 2021 in the United States, excessive alcohol use resulted in 178,000 deaths per year or 488 deaths per day, representing a 29 percent increase from previously. […] Unhealthy alcohol use ranges from use that puts patients at risk of health consequences to use causing multiple medical and/or behavioral problems meeting the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder.

• #2

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common adverse health-related consequences of at-risk alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). ALD comprises a spectrum of histopathological changes in patients with excessive alcohol use, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis (AH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. AUD is a medical condition with the use of an increasing quantity of alcohol and loss of control over drinking despite adverse health, social, and occupational consequences. […] According to the data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), ~14.5 million people of ages 12 years or older with a past year substance use disorders had a history of AUD. Similarly, in Canada, 21% of the population consumed alcohol at levels exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines. AUD has an impact on health care utilization. In a study to determine the trends in hospitalizations for AUD in the United States from 1998 to 2016, there was a 3.5% increase in AUD hospitalizations from 274,652 hospitalizations in 1998 to 284,275 hospitalizations in 2016. In Canada, the rate of hospitalizations due to AUD (258 per 100,000) outpaced the rate of hospitalizations for heart attacks (241 per 100,000) in 2019; rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol increased 4.4 times more than the rates of overall emergency department visits.

• #2 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Evaluation: Overview, Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation

  https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/805084-overview

  According to the survey, heavy alcohol use in the previous month was reported by 5.8% of people aged 12 years or older, with heavy drinking defined for men as at least five drinks on any day or at least 15 drinks per week, and for women as at least four drinks on any day or at least eight drinks per week. For young people aged 12-17 years, 0.5% reported heavy drinking in the previous month. […] The 2023 NSDUH also reported that 10.2% of people aged 12 years or older had an AUD in the previous year. That included 2.9% of youths aged 12-17 years. […] The survey found that among people aged 12 years or older with an AUD in the previous year, about 8% underwent treatment for it in that year, including 9.7% of young people aged 12-17 years with an AUD. […] Moreover, the 2023 NSDUH found that 16.8% of people aged 12 years or older had used an illicit drug in the previous month and that overall in 2023, 17.1% of people aged 12 years or older had a substance use disorder (SUD, including those with an AUD) in the previous year. Misuse of opioids, including heroin and prescription pain relievers, in the previous year was reported by 3.1% of the population aged 12 years or older, according to the survey. […] The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) states that the highly addictive form of amphetamine known as methamphetamine is used by about 2 million people aged 12 years or older in any given year, with about 500 people per day trying it for the first time.

• #2 Ch. 10.2: Alcohol Epidemiology – Introduction to Substance Use Disorders

  https://pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu/substancemisusepart1/chapter/ch-9-2/

  Over 19.7 million individuals aged 12 or older (7.2% of population) were estimated to experience a substance use disorder (SUD) involving alcohol and/or and illicit drug use during the past year; the vast majority involved alcohol alone (5.3%) or in combination (0.9%) with illicit drugs (alcohol and other drugs, AOD), leaving 1% with an illicit drugs-only form of SUD. […] For individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for AUD, particularly in the more severe range, formal AUD treatment may be needed. […] The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has established a set of guiding decision rules to help determine the appropriate level of care related to assessment of individuals in need of alcohol (or other substance) treatment intervention. […] Recovery from alcohol use disorders, with or without formal treatment, may best be supported with appropriate case management or wrap-around supportive services (Zweben West, 2020), as well as peer support and/or mutual help program participation (Bersamira, 2020; Zweben West, 2020).

• #2

  https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/global-information-system-on-alcohol-and-health

  The Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) is an essential tool for assessing and monitoring the health situation and trends related to alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, and policy responses in countries. The harmful use of alcohol results in the death of 2.6 million people annually. […] In 2019, the worldwide total consumption was equal to 5.5 litres of pure alcohol per person 15 years and older. Unrecorded consumption accounts for 21% of the worldwide total consumption. […] Alcohol consumption 56% of adults abstained from alcohol in the past 12 months, in 2019 National alcohol policy 56% of Member States reported having one in 2019.

• #2 CDC – Public Health Surveillance – Alcohol

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/alcohol/surveillance.htm

  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Worlds largest telephone survey that tracks health behaviors, chronic diseases, and preventive health practices among non-institutionalized adults in the United States. It collects data on current drinking; the number of drinking days; average number of drinks per occasion; maximum number of drinks consumed per drinking occasion; and frequency of binge drinking. […] National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Longitudinal survey of alcohol use disorders and associated disabilities among the non-institutionalized household adults, 18 years and older residing in the United States. The survey assesses alcohol use disorders and disabilities in the general population and provides information related to treatment. […] National Survey on Drug Use and Health (formerly the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) In-home survey that gathers information on mental health and substance abuse, from non-institutionalized persons aged 12 years and older. Collects data on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as symptoms of substance abuse or dependence.

• #2 Alcohol Use

  https://www.health.ny.gov/prevention/alcohol_surveillance/

  More than 8,050 New Yorkers die each year due to excessive alcohol use, shortening the lives of those who die by an average of 24 years. […] Excessive alcohol use can lead to both short- and long-term health issues. […] The New York State Alcohol Surveillance and Epidemiology Program (ASEP) was established in September 2021 through a cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct public health surveillance on excessive alcohol use and its related harms in New York State. […] The goal of the ASEP is to reduce excessive alcohol use and its related harms through: Monitoring and sharing data on excessive alcohol use and its related harms to inform prevention efforts, Developing partnerships with state and local entities to collaborate on prevention efforts, Increasing awareness about the public health impact of excessive alcohol use among partners and the public, Building support for population-based policy and environmental changes to reduce excessive alcohol use. […] The Alcohol Surveillance and Epidemiology Workgroup (ASEW) is a network of data experts and prevention partners brought together to examine the patterns, context, and impact of excessive alcohol use in New York State.

• #2 Alcohol and Substance Abuse Epidemiology Program

  https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/safety-injury-prev/environmental-health/topics/alcohol-substance-epi

  The Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) receives federal funding to conduct public health surveillance on the effects of alcohol and drug abuse on Michigan’s population. The Bureau of Disease Control, Prevention, and Epidemiology provides epidemiological support to programmatic efforts related to alcohol and drugs provided by other Michigan and national agencies. […] The MDHHS, Bureau of Disease Control, Prevention, and Epidemiology receives support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct public health surveillance on how alcohol affects Michigan’s population. Our focus consists of monitoring alcohol-related disease and negative societal outcomes with a special interest in youth to develop environmental and policy indicators for Michigan.

• #2

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-021-03221-z

  There is a need for real-time and predictive data on alcohol use both broadly and specific to HIV. […] Social big data might help to address this problem and be used to provide near real-time assessments of people’s alcohol use and/or alcohol. […] This manuscript describes three types of social data sources (i.e., social media data, internet search data, and wearable device data) that might be used in surveillance of alcohol and HIV, and then discusses the implications and potential of implementing them as additional tools for public health surveillance.

• #2 Substance Use Epidemiology | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health

  https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/academics/departments/epidemiology/research/substance-use-epidemiology

  Data indicate that in U.S. adults, alcohol and drug use and related problems have increased since 2000. […] A reasonable way to prevent injuries and other negative health outcomes may be to focus on alcohol sales outlet zoning and policies and the consumption of alcohol that may be associated with a proliferation of these outlets. Through multiple population-based case-control studies, our research teams have established relationships between high availability of alcohol outlets, alcohol consumption, and health and safety outcomes. […] Our unit is establishing a Columbia University interdisciplinary population-based center for the study of substance abuse policy, including marijuana, opioids, and alcohol.

• #2 Epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest among community-dwelling older adults: a protocol for a systematic review | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/1/e035481

  There is little epidemiological evidence and knowledge about at-risk alcohol use among community-dwelling older adults and their chronic and acute alcohol-related comorbidities of interest. This systematic review will summarise and examine relevant studies about the epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest in this population. […] Epidemiological studies have shown declining alcohol use with age. However, the number of older adults exhibiting at-risk drinking is likely to increase when the age cohort born after 1950 (the baby boomers), with its heavier drinking habits, reaches old age. […] Our systematic review will explore at-risk alcohol use because we found no reviews on this issue in the international literature, even though awareness of at-risk alcohol use among the elderly is rising among the general population and healthcare professionals. […] Demonstrating a high prevalence, frequency or incidence of at-risk alcohol use among older home-dwelling adults could encourage physicians to use existing screening tests. This could be an important measure, considering that alcohol-related health problems reduce the length and quality of life.

• #2 Birth cohort trends in the global epidemiology of alcohol use and alcohol-related harms in men and women: systematic review and metaregression | BMJ Open

  https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/10/e011827

  Objective Historically, alcohol use and related harms are more prevalent in men than in women. However, emerging evidence suggests the epidemiology of alcohol use is changing in younger cohorts. The current study aimed to systematically summarise published literature on birth cohort changes in male-to-female ratios in indicators of alcohol use and related harms. […] Findings confirm the closing male-female gap in indicators of alcohol use and related harms. The closing male-female gap is most evident among young adults, highlighting the importance of prospectively tracking young male and female cohorts as they age into their 30s, 40s and beyond. […] Alcohol use and alcohol-related harms are among the most significant risk factors for burden of disease. Overall, they resulted in around 5 million deaths globally in 2010, and were responsible for more than 161 million years of life lost, equating to 5% of total global health burden. Historically, the prevalence of alcohol use and related harms has been between 2 and 12 times higher in men than women. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that the gap between men and women in alcohol use and related harms is closing among recently born cohorts. Understanding sex-specific birth cohort trends in the epidemiology of alcohol use is vital as they point to key environmental and social mechanisms associated with population shifts in alcohol use patterns.

• #3 Alcohol Abuse Statistics [2023]: National + State Data – NCDAS

  https://drugabusestatistics.org/alcohol-abuse-statistics/

  69.2% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Florida are male. […] 68.1% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Montana are male. […] 67.7% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Colorado are male. […] 67.3% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Minnesota are male. […] 70.8% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in West Virginia are male. […] 71.5% of people in Alabama who die from excessive alcohol use are male. […] 65.4% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Alaska are male. […] 68.6% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Nevada are male. […] 69.3% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Georgia are male. […] 70.4% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Kansas are male. […] 71.4% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Louisiana are male.

• #3 Epidemiology: How Prevalent is Addiction? – Recovery Research Institute

  https://www.recoveryanswers.org/addiction-101/epidemiology/

  For adults 18 and older, young adults 18-29 have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder both currently and over the course of their lives. […] Native American U.S. adults have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder during the past 12 months, as well as over the course of their lives, compared to other races/ethnicities. Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rates. […] The prevalence of alcohol use disorder is similar for individuals living in urban versus rural areas over the course of their lives, but is higher for urban dwellers in the past 12 months. […] Rates of alcohol use disorder are somewhat lower for individuals living in northeastern and southern states compared to those living in western states, both for the past 12 months and over the course of their lives.

• #3

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  The COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological stress, anxiety, and tension at the individual and societal levels. Alcohol consumption is a common coping mechanism for psychological distress. A study of the annual differences in monthly alcohol-associated beverage sales between 1992 and 2020 illustrated the largest absolute amount of sales from March 2020 to September 2020, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In Canada, alcohol sales increased monthly by 5.5% from March 2020 to June 2021. These increases in alcohol sales and consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the outcomes of patients with ALD. […] An increase in the incidence and prevalence of AUD and ALD is alarming for liver providers and the health care systems and countries that they work within. Given that alcohol abstinence is the cornerstone for the improvement of ALD outcomes, an effective strategy to treat AUD becomes an essential component in the management of patients with ALD to prevent or ameliorate liver injury and disease progression.

• #3 Addressing Alcohol Related Harms A Population Level Response

  https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2020/01/14/addressing-alcohol-related-harms-a-population-level-response

  Alcohol consumption is associated with a seven-fold greater risk for suicide, and heavy alcohol use is associated with a 37-fold greater risk. […] Alcohol-related harms occur through a combination of the volume of alcohol consumed and the pattern of consumption; dose-response relationships can be seen with many major disease categories. […] Each day, excessive drinking is associated with nearly half of the homicides occurring in the United States. […] In 2017, nearly 11,000 people died in a motor vehicle crash involving an alcohol-impaired driver, accounting for more than 25% of all traffic deaths in the United States during that year. […] In addition to being the leading cause of preventable birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States, drinking alcohol while pregnant may lead to a number of childhood conditions that fall within the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

• #3 Alcohol consumption and related disorders in Iran: Results from the National Surveillance of Non-Communicable Diseases’ Survey (STEPs) 2016 | PLOS Global Public Health

  https://journals.plos.org/globalpublichealth/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgph.0000107

  This study showed that alcohol consumption increased among 25 to 34-year-olds and then decreased with age, which is consistent with other reports from Iran. […] The prevalence of lifetime and current alcohol consumption was 8.00% (95% CI: 7.67–8.32) and 4.04% (95% CI: 3.8–4.3), respectively. […] At the provincial level, the highest and lowest percentages of age-standardized current alcohol consumption were, respectively, 13.22% (95% CI: 7.66–18.77) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0–1.51) in urban regions and 7.88% (95% CI: 3.98–11.77) and 0% in rural regions. […] Current alcohol drinkers were more likely to have poor dietary habits and fatty liver disease as compared to nondrinkers. […] The risk of injury increased more than two times in alcohol drinkers when compared to nondrinkers, which is consistent with earlier studies.

• #3

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common adverse health-related consequences of at-risk alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). ALD comprises a spectrum of histopathological changes in patients with excessive alcohol use, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis (AH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. AUD is a medical condition with the use of an increasing quantity of alcohol and loss of control over drinking despite adverse health, social, and occupational consequences. […] According to the data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), ~14.5 million people of ages 12 years or older with a past year substance use disorders had a history of AUD. Similarly, in Canada, 21% of the population consumed alcohol at levels exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines. AUD has an impact on health care utilization. In a study to determine the trends in hospitalizations for AUD in the United States from 1998 to 2016, there was a 3.5% increase in AUD hospitalizations from 274,652 hospitalizations in 1998 to 284,275 hospitalizations in 2016. In Canada, the rate of hospitalizations due to AUD (258 per 100,000) outpaced the rate of hospitalizations for heart attacks (241 per 100,000) in 2019; rates of emergency department visits attributable to alcohol increased 4.4 times more than the rates of overall emergency department visits.

• #3 Ch. 10.2: Alcohol Epidemiology – Introduction to Substance Use Disorders

  https://pressbooks.ulib.csuohio.edu/substancemisusepart1/chapter/ch-9-2/

  Over 19.7 million individuals aged 12 or older (7.2% of population) were estimated to experience a substance use disorder (SUD) involving alcohol and/or and illicit drug use during the past year; the vast majority involved alcohol alone (5.3%) or in combination (0.9%) with illicit drugs (alcohol and other drugs, AOD), leaving 1% with an illicit drugs-only form of SUD. […] For individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for AUD, particularly in the more severe range, formal AUD treatment may be needed. […] The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has established a set of guiding decision rules to help determine the appropriate level of care related to assessment of individuals in need of alcohol (or other substance) treatment intervention. […] Recovery from alcohol use disorders, with or without formal treatment, may best be supported with appropriate case management or wrap-around supportive services (Zweben West, 2020), as well as peer support and/or mutual help program participation (Bersamira, 2020; Zweben West, 2020).

• #3

  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol

  Worldwide, around 2.6 million deaths were caused by alcohol consumption in 2019. Of this, 209 million people (3.7% of the adult world population) lived with alcohol dependence. […] The data on global alcohol consumption in 2019 shows that an estimated 400 million people aged 15 years and older live with alcohol use disorders, and an estimated 209 million live with alcohol dependence. […] In 2019, alcohol use was responsible for 6.7% of all deaths among men and 2.4% of all deaths among women. […] The WHO Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) presents data on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption, alcohol-attributable health and social consequences and policy responses across the world.

• #3 CDC – Public Health Surveillance – Alcohol

  http://medbox.iiab.me/modules/en-cdc/www.cdc.gov/alcohol/surveillance.htm

  Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Worlds largest telephone survey that tracks health behaviors, chronic diseases, and preventive health practices among non-institutionalized adults in the United States. It collects data on current drinking; the number of drinking days; average number of drinks per occasion; maximum number of drinks consumed per drinking occasion; and frequency of binge drinking. […] National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Longitudinal survey of alcohol use disorders and associated disabilities among the non-institutionalized household adults, 18 years and older residing in the United States. The survey assesses alcohol use disorders and disabilities in the general population and provides information related to treatment. […] National Survey on Drug Use and Health (formerly the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) In-home survey that gathers information on mental health and substance abuse, from non-institutionalized persons aged 12 years and older. Collects data on the use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as symptoms of substance abuse or dependence.

• #3

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-021-03221-z

  There is a need for real-time and predictive data on alcohol use both broadly and specific to HIV. […] Social big data might help to address this problem and be used to provide near real-time assessments of people’s alcohol use and/or alcohol. […] This manuscript describes three types of social data sources (i.e., social media data, internet search data, and wearable device data) that might be used in surveillance of alcohol and HIV, and then discusses the implications and potential of implementing them as additional tools for public health surveillance.

• #4 Alcohol Abuse Statistics [2023]: National + State Data – NCDAS

  https://drugabusestatistics.org/alcohol-abuse-statistics/

  69.9% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Maryland are male. […] 68.2% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Connecticut are male. […] 67.9% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Michigan are male. […] 70.6% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Kentucky are male. […] 68.1% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Oregon are male. […] 66.0% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Pennsylvania are male. […] 67.2% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in New York are male. […] 69.5% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in North Carolina are male. […] 66.1% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in South Dakota are male. […] 66.0% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Washington are male. […] 68.4% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Wisconsin are male. […] 70.3% of people who die from excessive alcohol use in Wyoming are male.

• #4 Epidemiology: How Prevalent is Addiction? – Recovery Research Institute

  https://www.recoveryanswers.org/addiction-101/epidemiology/

  For adults 18 and older, young adults 18-29 have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder both currently and over the course of their lives. […] Native American U.S. adults have the highest rates of alcohol use disorder during the past 12 months, as well as over the course of their lives, compared to other races/ethnicities. Asian/Pacific Islanders have the lowest rates. […] The prevalence of alcohol use disorder is similar for individuals living in urban versus rural areas over the course of their lives, but is higher for urban dwellers in the past 12 months. […] Rates of alcohol use disorder are somewhat lower for individuals living in northeastern and southern states compared to those living in western states, both for the past 12 months and over the course of their lives.

• #4

  https://journals.lww.com/cld/fulltext/2023/09000/epidemiology_and_trends_of_alcohol_use_disorder.5.aspx

  The COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological stress, anxiety, and tension at the individual and societal levels. Alcohol consumption is a common coping mechanism for psychological distress. A study of the annual differences in monthly alcohol-associated beverage sales between 1992 and 2020 illustrated the largest absolute amount of sales from March 2020 to September 2020, during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In Canada, alcohol sales increased monthly by 5.5% from March 2020 to June 2021. These increases in alcohol sales and consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the outcomes of patients with ALD. […] An increase in the incidence and prevalence of AUD and ALD is alarming for liver providers and the health care systems and countries that they work within. Given that alcohol abstinence is the cornerstone for the improvement of ALD outcomes, an effective strategy to treat AUD becomes an essential component in the management of patients with ALD to prevent or ameliorate liver injury and disease progression.

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